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Pimentel Neto J, Batista RD, Rocha-Braga LC, Chacur M, Camargo PO, Ciena AP. The telocytes relationship with satellite cells: Extracellular vesicles mediate the myotendinous junction remodeling. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38501548 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The peripheral nerve injury (PNI) affects the morphology of the whole locomotor apparatus, which can reach the myotendinous junction (MTJ) interface. In the injury condition, the skeletal muscle satellite cells (SC) are triggered, activated, and proliferated to repair their structure, and in the MTJ, the telocytes (TC) are associated to support the interface with the need for remodeling; in that way, these cells can be associated with SC. The study aimed to describe the SC and TC relationship after PNI at the MTJ. Sixteen adult Wistar rats were divided into Control Group (C, n = 8) and PNI Group (PNI, n = 8), PNI was performed by the constriction of the sciatic nerve. The samples were processed for transmission electron microscopy and immunostaining analysis. In the C group was evidenced the arrangement of sarcoplasmic evaginations and invaginations, the support collagen layer with a TC inside it, and an SC through vesicles internally and externally to then. In the PNI group were observed the disarrangement of invaginations and evaginations and sarcomeres degradation at MTJ, as the disposition of telopodes adjacent and in contact to the SC with extracellular vesicles and exosomes in a characterized paracrine activity. These findings can determine a link between the TCs and the SCs at the MTJ remodeling. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Peripheral nerve injury promotes the myotendinous junction (MTJ) remodeling. The telocytes (TC) and the satellite cells (SC) are present at the myotendinous interface. TC mediated the SC activity at MTJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Daniel Batista
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara Caetano Rocha-Braga
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marucia Chacur
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Oliveira Camargo
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Polican Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto M, Hirouchi H, Taniguchi S, Watanabe G, Matsunaga S, Abe S. Regeneration process of myotendinous junction injury induced by collagenase injection between Achilles tendon and soleus muscle in mice. Anat Sci Int 2024; 99:138-145. [PMID: 37987921 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has become clear that peri-muscular tissues play a significant role in the deterioration of muscle function. Understanding the function and regeneration of muscle, as well as its surrounding tissues, is crucial to determining the causes of muscular illnesses. However, the regeneration process of the myotendinous junction (MTJ), the most closely related peri-muscular tissue, is still unknown. Therefore, we generated a mouse model of MTJ injury by collagenase injection and searched for the process of regeneration of the MTJ and its adjacent regions. The MTJ region was damaged by collagenase injection, which greatly increased the tendon cross sectional area. Collagenase injections increased the proportion of myofibers with a central nucleus, which is a characteristic of regenerating muscle. The collagenase injection group had myofibers with central nuclei and expressing MTJ markers. Additionally, we measured the length of MTJs using serial cross sections of the soleus muscle and discovered that MTJs at 2 weeks after collagenase injection were shorter compared to the control group, with a propensity to progressively recover their length over time. The results showed that MTJs undergo morphological regeneration even when severely damaged, and that this regeneration occurs in conjunction with muscle regeneration. We anticipate that these findings will be valuable in upcoming research on motor unit regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Genji Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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Jakobsen JR, Mackey AL, Koch M, Imhof T, Hannibal J, Kjaer M, Krogsgaard MR. Larger interface area at the human myotendinous junction in type 1 compared with type 2 muscle fibers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:136-145. [PMID: 36226768 PMCID: PMC10091713 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is structurally specialized to transmit force. The highly folded muscle membrane at the MTJ increases the contact area between muscle and tendon and potentially the load tolerance of the MTJ. Muscles with a high content of type II fibers are more often subject to strain injury compared with muscles with type I fibers. It is hypothesized that this is explained by a smaller interface area of MTJ in type II compared with type I muscle fibers. The aim was to investigate by confocal microscopy whether there is difference in the surface area at the MTJ between type I and II muscle fibers. Individual muscle fibers with an intact MTJ were isolated by microscopic dissection in samples from human semitendinosus, and they were labeled with antibodies against collagen XXII (indicating MTJ) and type I myosin (MHCI). Using a spinning disc confocal microscope, the MTJ from each fiber was scanned and subsequently reconstructed to a 3D-model. The interface area between muscle and tendon was calculated in type I and II fibers from these reconstructions. The MTJ was analyzed in 314 muscle fibers. Type I muscle fibers had a 22% larger MTJ interface area compared with type II fibers (p < 0.05), also when the area was normalized to fiber diameter. By the new method, it was possible to analyze the structure of the MTJ from a large number of human muscle fibers. The finding that the interface area between muscle and tendon is higher in type I compared with type II fibers suggests that type II fibers are less resistant to strain and therefore more susceptible to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Rithamer Jakobsen
- Section for Sports Traumatology M51, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Abigail Louise Mackey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, and Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Imhof
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, and Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Hannibal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Michael Rindom Krogsgaard
- Section for Sports Traumatology M51, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Jacob CDS, Barbosa GK, Rodrigues MP, Pimentel Neto J, Rocha-Braga LC, de Oliveira CG, Chacur M, Ciena AP. Ultrastructural and Molecular Development of the Myotendinous Junction Triggered by Stretching Prior to Resistance Exercise. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-6. [PMID: 35258447 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a highly specialized region of the locomotor apparatus. Here, we investigated the ultrastructural and molecular effects in the MTJ region after static stretching prior to the ladder-based resistance training. Thirty-two male, 60-day old Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Sedentary, Resistance Training, Stretching, and Stretching-Resistance Training. The gastrocnemius muscle was processed for transmission electron microscopy techniques and Western blot assay. We observed that the static stretching prior to the ladder-based resistance training increased the MTJ components, the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and FGF-6 protein expression. Also, we demonstrated the lower transforming growth factor expression and no difference in the lysyl oxidase expression after combined training. The MTJ alterations in response to combined training demonstrate adaptive mechanisms which can be used for the prescription or development of methods to reduce or prevent injuries in humans and promote the myotendinous interface benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Dos S Jacob
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela K Barbosa
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara C Rocha-Braga
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilla G de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain (LAND), Department of Anatomy, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marucia Chacur
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain (LAND), Department of Anatomy, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano P Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro13506-900, SP, Brazil
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Myotendinous Junction: Exercise Protocols Can Positively Influence Their Development in Rats. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020480. [PMID: 35203688 PMCID: PMC8962292 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is an interface that different stimuli alter their morphology. One of the main stimuli to promote alterations in the MTJ morphology is physical exercise. The present study aimed to investigate the morphology and molecular MTJ adaptations of biceps brachii muscle in adult Wistar rats submitted to different ladder-based protocols. Forty Wistar rats (90 days old) were divided into four groups: Sedentary (S), Climbing (C), Overload Climbing (OC), Climbing, and Overload Climbing (COC). The results of light microscopy demonstrated the cell and collagen tissue reorganization in the experimental groups. The sarcomeres lengths of different regions showed a particular development according to the specific protocols. The sarcoplasmic invaginations and evaginations demonstrated positive increases that promoted the myotendinous interface development. In the extracellular matrix, the structures presented an increase principally in the COC group. Finally, the immunofluorescence analysis showed the telocytes disposition adjacent to the MTJ region in all experimental groups, revealing their network organization. Thus, we concluded that the different protocols contributed to the morphological adaptations with beneficial effects in distinct ways of tissue and cellular development and can be used as a model for MTJ remodeling to future proteomic and genetic analysis.
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Zhang X, Wang D, Mak KLK, Tuan RS, Ker DFE. Engineering Musculoskeletal Grafts for Multi-Tissue Unit Repair: Lessons From Developmental Biology and Wound Healing. Front Physiol 2021; 12:691954. [PMID: 34504435 PMCID: PMC8421786 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the musculoskeletal system, bone, tendon, and skeletal muscle integrate and act coordinately as a single multi-tissue unit to facilitate body movement. The development, integration, and maturation of these essential components and their response to injury are vital for conferring efficient locomotion. The highly integrated nature of these components is evident under disease conditions, where rotator cuff tears at the bone-tendon interface have been reported to be associated with distal pathological alterations such as skeletal muscle degeneration and bone loss. To successfully treat musculoskeletal injuries and diseases, it is important to gain deep understanding of the development, integration and maturation of these musculoskeletal tissues along with their interfaces as well as the impact of inflammation on musculoskeletal healing and graft integration. This review highlights the current knowledge of developmental biology and wound healing in the bone-tendon-muscle multi-tissue unit and perspectives of what can be learnt from these biological and pathological processes within the context of musculoskeletal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Integrating these knowledge and perspectives can serve as guiding principles to inform the development and engineering of musculoskeletal grafts and other tissue engineering strategies to address challenging musculoskeletal injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - King-Lun Kingston Mak
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Dai Fei Elmer Ker
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
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Martinez GZ, Grillo BAC, Rocha LC, Jacob CDS, Pimentel Neto J, Tomiate AN, Barbosa GK, Watanabe IS, Ciena AP. Morphological Changes in the Myotendinous Junction of mdx Mice. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-5. [PMID: 34376263 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is the interface between muscle and tendon, and it is the main area of force transmission of the locomotor apparatus. Dystrophic processes promote pathological injury which affects the skeletal muscle and can influence the morphology of the MTJ. This study aimed to investigate the adaptations in MTJ morphology of mdx mice in the tibialis anterior muscle. Male mice (n = 24) were divided into Control—C57bl/10 and mdx—C57bl/10mdx (Duchenne muscular dystrophy experimental model). In the mdx group, centralized nuclei with a large area and greater deposition of type III collagen (fibrosis) were observed. Also, shorter sarcomeres and sarcoplasmatic projections of MTJ were observed. We concluded that the adaptations in mdx mice demonstrated extensive impairment in the MTJ region with reduced ultrastructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Zerbo Martinez
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aléxia Cristofoletti Grillo
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Lara Caetano Rocha
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Jacob
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - André Neri Tomiate
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Klein Barbosa
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Ii-Sei Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences III, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Polican Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
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Rocha LC, Barbosa GK, Pimentel Neto J, Jacob CDS, Knudsen AB, Watanabe IS, Ciena AP. Aquatic Training after Joint Immobilization in Rats Promotes Adaptations in Myotendinous Junctions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136983. [PMID: 34209663 PMCID: PMC8267653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is the muscle-tendon interface and constitutes an integrated mechanical unit to force transmission. Joint immobilization promotes muscle atrophy via disuse, while physical exercise can be used as an adaptative stimulus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the components of the MTJ and their adaptations and the associated elements triggered with aquatic training after joint immobilization. Forty-four male Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (SD), aquatic training (AT), immobilization (IM), and immobilization/aquatic training (IMAT) groups. The samples were processed to measure fiber area, nuclear fractal dimension, MTJ nuclear density, identification of telocytes, sarcomeres, and MTJ perimeter length. In the AT group, the maintenance of ultrastructure and elements in the MTJ region were observed; the IM group presented muscle atrophy effects with reduced MTJ perimeter; the IMAT group demonstrated that aquatic training after joint immobilization promotes benefits in the muscle fiber area and fractal dimension, in the MTJ region shows longer sarcomeres and MTJ perimeter. We identified the presence of telocytes in the MTJ region in all experimental groups. We concluded that aquatic training is an effective rehabilitation method after joint immobilization due to reduced muscle atrophy and regeneration effects on MTJ in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Caetano Rocha
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; (L.C.R.); (G.K.B.); (J.P.N.); (C.d.S.J.)
| | - Gabriela Klein Barbosa
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; (L.C.R.); (G.K.B.); (J.P.N.); (C.d.S.J.)
| | - Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; (L.C.R.); (G.K.B.); (J.P.N.); (C.d.S.J.)
| | - Carolina dos Santos Jacob
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; (L.C.R.); (G.K.B.); (J.P.N.); (C.d.S.J.)
| | - Andreas B. Knudsen
- Department of Sports Traumatology M51, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, IOC Copenhagen Research Center, 1050 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Ii-Sei Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science III, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Adriano Polican Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; (L.C.R.); (G.K.B.); (J.P.N.); (C.d.S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-193-526-4346
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Grillo BAC, Rocha LC, Martinez GZ, Pimentel Neto J, Jacob CDS, Watanabe IS, Ciena AP. Myotendinous Junction Components of Different Skeletal Muscles Present Morphological Changes in Obese Rats. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-6. [PMID: 33879277 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excess adipose tissue and chronic inflammation and promotes extensive changes that can compromise skeletal muscles’ structural and functional integrity. Obesity can seriously impact the force transmission region between the muscle and the tendon, the myotendinous junction (MTJ). The present study aimed to investigate the plasticity of muscle fibers and MTJ regions in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rat tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SO) muscles. Wistar rats were divided into control and obese groups (induced by a high-fat diet). The samples of TA and SO muscles were prepared for histochemical and ultrastructural analysis (sarcomeres and MTJ projection). In the muscle fiber, similar adaptations were observed between the muscles of the smaller fiber (types I and IIa) in the obesity results. The MTJ region demonstrated different adaptations between the analyzed muscles. The TA–MTJ region has shorter ultrastructures, while in the SO–MTJ region, the ultrastructures were larger. We conclude that obesity induced by a high-fat diet promotes similar adaptation in the muscle fibers; however, in the MTJ region, the sarcoplasmatic projections and adjacent sarcomere demonstrate different adaptations according to distinct muscle phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Aléxia Cristofoletti Grillo
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP13506-900, Brazil
| | - Lara C Rocha
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP13506-900, Brazil
| | - Giovana Z Martinez
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP13506-900, Brazil
| | - Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP13506-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Jacob
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP13506-900, Brazil
| | - Ii-Sei Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences -ICB III, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP05508-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano P Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP13506-900, Brazil
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10
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Jakobsen JR, Krogsgaard MR. The Myotendinous Junction-A Vulnerable Companion in Sports. A Narrative Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:635561. [PMID: 33841171 PMCID: PMC8032995 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.635561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of strain injuries continues to be high in many popular sports, especially hamstring strain injuries in football, despite a documented important effect of eccentric exercise to prevent strains. Studies investigating the anatomical properties of these injuries in humans are sparse. The majority of strains are seen at the interface between muscle fibers and tendon: the myotendinous junction (MTJ). It has a unique morphology with a highly folded muscle membrane filled with invaginations of collagen fibrils from the tendon, establishing an increased area of force transmission between muscle and tendon. There is a very high rate of remodeling of the muscle cells approaching the MTJ, but little is known about how the tissue adapts to exercise and which structural changes heavy eccentric exercise may introduce. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the anatomy, composition and adaptability of the MTJ, and discusses reasons why strain injuries can be prevented by eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Rithamer Jakobsen
- Section of Sports Traumatology, M51, A Part of IOC Research Center, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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May CA, Bramke S. In the human, true myocutaneous junctions of skeletal muscle fibers are limited to the face. J Anat 2021; 239:445-450. [PMID: 33641167 PMCID: PMC8273604 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the panniculus carnosus‐associated skeletal muscles in the human, the palmaris brevis and the platysma showed myotendinous/myofascial junctions with clear distance to the corium and the specific connection collagen type XXII. The orbicularis oris muscle, in contrast, contained bundles of striated muscle fibers reaching the corium at two distinct levels: the predominant inner ending was connected to the elastic network of the inner corium and the outer ending was within the more superficial collagen network. At both locations, the striated muscle fibers showed brush‐like cytoplasmic protrusions connecting a network which was not oriented toward the muscle fibers. Collagen type XXII was not present.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Bramke
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Rocha LC, Jacob CDS, Barbosa GK, Pimentel Neto J, Krause Neto W, Gama EF, Ciena AP. Remodeling of the skeletal muscle and postsynaptic component after short-term joint immobilization and aquatic training. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:621-628. [PMID: 32797254 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Joint immobilization is commonly used as a conservative treatment for osteoarticular and musculotendinous traumas. However, joint immobilization might elicit degenerative effects on the neuromuscular system and muscle atrophy. For this reason, the choice of strategies that mitigate these effects is essential in the post-immobilization period. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of aquatic training on the morphology of muscle fibers and motor endplates of the gastrocnemius muscle in the post-immobilization period. Male Wistar rats (90 days old) were divided into groups: Sedentary: no procedure; Immobilization: joint immobilization protocol (10 days); Immobilization/non-training: joint immobilization protocol (10 days) followed by four weeks without exercise intervention; Immobilization/training: joint immobilization protocol (10 days) and post-immobilization aquatic training (4 weeks). After the procedures, we quantified the cross-sectional area (CSA), volume and numerical density of different myofibers types, and total and stained area and perimeter of the motor endplate. We demonstrate the following main results: (a) short-term joint immobilization resulted in myofibers atrophy; however, we verified a small change in the postsynaptic component; (b) the period of inactivity after immobilization caused severe changes in the motor endplate (lower stained area, stained perimeter, total area, and total perimeter) and maintenance of muscle atrophy due to immobilization; (c) the prescription of post-immobilization exercise proved to be effective in restoring muscle morphology and inducing plasticity in the motor endplate. We conclude that short-term joint immobilization (10 days) results in atrophy type I and II myofibers, in addition to a decline in the total perimeter of the motor endplate. Besides, the post-immobilization period appears to be decisive in muscle and postsynaptic remodeling. Thus, aquatic training is effective in stimulating adjustments associated with muscle hypertrophy and plasticity of the motor endplate during the post-immobilization period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Caetano Rocha
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenue 24A, n 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Jacob
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenue 24A, n 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Klein Barbosa
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenue 24A, n 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenue 24A, n 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Walter Krause Neto
- Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane Florencio Gama
- Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Polican Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenue 24A, n 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
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Rocha LC, Pimentel Neto J, de Sant'Ana JS, Jacob CDS, Barbosa GK, Krause Neto W, Watanabe IS, Ciena AP. Repercussions on sarcomeres of the myotendinous junction and the myofibrillar type adaptations in response to different trainings on vertical ladder. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:1190-1197. [PMID: 32500573 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The myofibrillary types establish to the skeletal muscle functional and adaptive properties that influence the sarcomeric arrangement during muscle contraction and may have repercussions on an important related force transmission region of the locomotor apparatus, the myotendinous junction (MTJ). This study aimed to describe changes in myofibrillary type and sarcomeric lengths in the belly muscle and MTJ of the soleus and plantaris muscles associated with training protocols in vertical ladder. Thirty adults male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 10): Control (CTR), No-load Training (NLT), and Load Training (LT). Morphoquantitative analysis of different fibers types and sarcomere lengths were performed in distinct regions of plantaris and soleus muscles. In the plantaris muscle with both trainings, there was an increase in the cross-sectional area (CSA) in Type I and II fibers (p < .0001) while sarcomeric lengths revealed greater lengths in the proximal and distal sarcomeres of NLT, although in the LT we found greater lengths in the belly and MTJ sarcomeres. The soleus muscle showed an increase in CSA muscle fiber only in the NLT (p < .0001) and revealed alterations in belly and MTJ sarcomere lengths with training. We concluded that plantaris muscle has an adaptive effect directly associated with training load, with hypertrophy in both trainings and sarcomere length inverse from belly and MTJ, in LT associated with increased force generation and transmission at the MTJ, although soleus muscle has a lower adaptive response to training stimuli with variation in the belly and distal sarcomere of the MTJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Caetano Rocha
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Jossei Soares de Sant'Ana
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Jacob
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Klein Barbosa
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Walter Krause Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ii-Sei Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-III, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Polican Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
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Jacob CDS, Rocha LC, Neto JP, Watanabe IS, Ciena AP. Effects of physical training on sarcomere lengths and muscle-tendon interface of the cervical region in an experimental model of menopause. Eur J Histochem 2019; 63:3038. [PMID: 31455072 PMCID: PMC6712362 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2019.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the structural and ultrastructural aspects of the myotendinous junction (MTJ) and the proximal and distal sarcomeres of the sternomastoid of aged Wistar rats subjected to an experimental model of menopause and swimming training. A total of 20 female elderly rats were divided into the following four groups (n=5 in each group): sedentary/no-menopausal (SNM), trained/no-menopausal (TNM), sedentary/menopausal (SM), and trained/menopausal (TM). The MTJ samples were dissected and analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. We showed that the TNM Group rats exhibited changes in morphological characteristics as a consequence of physical exercise, which included an increase of 36.60% (P<0.001) in the evagination length of the MTJ and a reduction in the length of the distal (77.38%) (P<0.0001) and proximal (68.15%) (P<0.0001) sarcomeres. The SM Group exhibited a reduction of about 275.93% (P<0.001) in the muscle-tendon interface and in the lengths of distal sarcomeres (55.87%) (P<0.0001) compared with SNM Group. Our results suggest that the swimming training under experimental model of menopause promoted tissue reorganization and increased muscle-tendon interaction with a drastic development in the length and thickness of the sarcoplasmatic invaginations and evaginations. In addition, the sarcomeres exhibited different lengths and a reduction in both groups subjected to swimming training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Dos Santos Jacob
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity, São Paulo State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro.
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