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Maiuolo J, Nucera S, Serra M, Caminiti R, Oppedisano F, Macrì R, Scarano F, Ragusa S, Muscoli C, Palma E, Mollace V. Cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Possess Important Beneficial Properties Dependent on Their Different Stages of Maturity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1365. [PMID: 38794436 PMCID: PMC11124804 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. belongs to the Cactaceae family and the genus Opuntia; it is a succulent plant that adapts to extreme climatic conditions. The aerial part of the plant consists of the cladodes, morphological changes of branches that appear green, are covered with thorns, and are essential to reduce excessive perspiration of water. The composition of cladodes is very varied, and the main constituents are water, fibers, polysaccharides, proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, sterols, minerals, and polyphenols. Polyphenols are responsible for many beneficial activities for human health, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and nutritional properties. The purpose of this manuscript was to compare the properties of cladodes belonging to the same plant but with different stages of maturity. Relative extracts were tested both in vitro and on a cell line and antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties were found. The antioxidant activity was tested by the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) test, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) test, and the measurement of cellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Anti-apoptotic activity was evaluated by the annexin/PI assay and measurement of caspases 9 and 3 expression. The results obtained showed that the extracts considered possess antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the different stages of maturity of cladodes are essential for the performance of both functions. In addition, important variations were made in the dissolution of the extracts that brought greater safety in their use. In conclusion, this manuscript provides further information on cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica, which can be used as adjuvants in many human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Serra
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Salvatore Ragusa
- PLANTA/Research, Documentation and Training Center, Via Serraglio Vecchio 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (C.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Fondazione R. Dulbecco, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
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Bylappa Y, Nag A. Unravelling Post-harvest Ripening Metabolomics of a New White Variety Guava Fruit (Cv Arka Mridula) with Special Emphasis on Phenolics and Corresponding Antioxidants. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04907-5. [PMID: 38492149 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The phenolic, antioxidant and metabolic profiling of a new white variety guava fruit Arka Mridula (AM) was performed during its storage at the room temperature (28 ± 2 °C). The comparative profiles were generated at three ripening stages (pre-ripe, ripe and over-ripe) of the fruit. Generally, a steady decrease of the phenolic and antioxidant content from the pre-ripe to the ripe stage and a subsequent increase from the ripe to over-ripe stage was observed. Further, a powerful correlation between the phenolic content and antioxidant principles was noted through the principal component analysis. We could identify 53 compounds for the hydro-methanolic fruit extract through LC and GC-MS aided metabolic analysis, and the identified compounds were dominated by phenolics (~ 44%). The statistical analysis revealed that phytochemicals catechin, myricitrin, myricetin, kaempferol glycosides and n-hexadecanoic acid contributed significantly towards the ripening process of AM, during the storage. The present study is expected to provide important insight into the ripening biochemistry of AM. Subsequently, it may help in the future development of metabolically stable guava cultivars with extended post-harvest shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatheesharadhya Bylappa
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Anish Nag
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India.
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Alhomaidi E, Aljabri M, Alsharari SS, Alsam A. Chromatographic assessment of biodiesel production from Peganum harmala seed oil using environmentally benign nano-catalysts. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5794. [PMID: 38048811 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
This work gives a comprehensive chromatographic assessment of biodiesel generation from plant seed oil using ecologically friendly nano-catalysts. Researchers all over the world are actively looking for new ways to satisfy the urgent need for clean and renewable energy sources. The resultant biodiesel was fully characterized utilizing modern techniques like scanning electron microscopy, energy diffraction X-ray and X-ray diffraction. The biodiesel gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed four significant peaks of fatty acid methyl esters, indicating high-quality biodiesel production. Furthermore, the biodiesel fuel qualities were discovered to be comparable with international standards such as ASTM D-6571 and EN-14214. This indicates that the iron-modified clay nano-catalyst can be used as a catalyst for large-scale biodiesel production. This work is important because it could lead to the large-scale production of a novel, non-food feedstock. We may lessen our reliance on fossil fuels and contribute to a more sustainable and ecologically friendly energy future by leveraging the usage of biodiesel produced in this way. The chromatographic assessment of biodiesel production from non-edible seed oil using environmentally benign nano-catalysts holds significant promise in advancing sustainable and eco-friendly biodiesel production methods, contributing to a cleaner and more environmentally responsible energy sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alhomaidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aljabri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salam S Alsharari
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alsam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Zamira D, Khaydarov K, Zafar M, Ramadan MF, Ahmad M, Aziza N, Ochilov U, Zebiniso U, Farzona D. Comprehensive study of allergenic tree species: Palynological insights enhanced by HPLC and GC-MS profiling. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5774. [PMID: 37972935 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Considering the limited data available on tree species in Uzbekistan, this research aimed to provide new insights. We gathered plant samples from different locations within Samarkand city and thoughtfully selected 15 tree species that represent the country's flora. Using scanning electron microscopy, we conducted comprehensive analyses of pollen morphology, revealing a diverse range of variations in the shapes, dimensions, and surface characteristics displayed by pollen grains. Distinct ornamentations such as micro-echinate, reticulate, rugulate, gemmate-verrucate, and verrucate-scabrate patterns facilitated the differentiation of species. These scanning electron microscopy findings enhance our comprehension of tree species diversity, adaptation, and ecological roles. In addition, leaf extracts were analyzed using HPLC and GC-MS, revealing a plethora of bioactive compounds, including catechins, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, and others. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of seven key compounds, including 1-hexadecyne, 2-chloroethanol, 1,6-heptadiene, 2-methyl-, 5-bromoadamantan-2-one, ethyl 3-(3-pyridyl) propenoate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and quercetin. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of this method in assessing the quality of leaf extracts from tree species by examining both microscopic characteristics and chemical composition. This multifaceted approach has deepened our understanding of the characteristics and chemical compositions of these trees, thus contributing to a more profound appreciation of their ecological significance and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djumayeva Zamira
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Khislat Khaydarov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nozimova Aziza
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Ulugbek Ochilov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Umurzakova Zebiniso
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
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Jabeen S, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Ali MA, Elshikh MS, Makhkamov T, Mamarakhimov O, Yuldashev A, Khaydarov K, Gafforov Y, Baysunov B, Mammadova AO, Botirova L, Sultana S, Majeed S, Rozina, Ahmad S, Abid A, Rahmatov A. Micrometer insights into Nepeta genus: Pollen micromorphology unveiled. Micron 2024; 177:103574. [PMID: 38070325 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive pollen micromorphology within the Nepeta genus, revealing intricate details about the pollen grains' structure and characteristics. The findings shed light on the evolutionary and taxonomical aspects of this plant genus, offering valuable insights for botanists and researchers studying Nepeta species. The pollen grains of 18 Nepeta species were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) in Northern Pakistan. At the microscale, pollen quantitative measurements, qualitative traits, and diverse sculpturing patterns were reported and compared. Significant differences in pollen size, shape, ornamentation, and sculpturing patterns were discovered among the Nepeta species. Our data show that exine sculpturing is quite diverse, with most species exhibiting a reticulate perforate pollen pattern. Nepeta connata, Nepeta discolor, Nepeta elliptica, revealed a distinct bireticulate perforate exine stratification. Hexazonocolpate pollen is the most common. Furthermore, the surface membrane attributes of the colpus varied greatly, ranging from rough, scabrate, psilate, to sinuate patterns. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to discover the key factors influencing pollen diversity. PCA results showed that polar and equatorial diameters, colpi size, and exine thickness were the most influential pollen features between Nepeta species. This study adds to our understanding of pollen morphology in the Nepeta genus, offering information on the vast range of characteristics found in this economically important group. The extensive characterization of pollen features provides useful insights for the categorization and differentiation of Nepeta species, adding to the Lamiaceae micromorphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Jabeen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan; College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, China.
| | - M Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Trobjon Makhkamov
- Department of Forestry and Land scape Design, Tashkent State Agrarian University, 2 A., Universitet Str., Kibray district, 100700 Tashkent region, Uzbekistan
| | - Oybek Mamarakhimov
- Department of Ecological monitoring, National University of Uzbekistan, 4 University Street, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Akramjon Yuldashev
- Department of Ecology and Botany, Andijan State University, 129, Universitet Str., 170100, Andijan, Uzbekistan
| | - Khislat Khaydarov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, University blv. 15, Samarkand 140104, Uzbekistan
| | - Yusufjon Gafforov
- Tashkent International University of Education, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; School of Engineering, Central Asian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Babir Baysunov
- Department of Botany, Karshi State University, Kuchabag street 17, Karshi, 180100, Uzbekistan
| | - Afat O Mammadova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Laziza Botirova
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Botany, Gulistan State University, 4, Micro-District, Gulistan, Sirdarya 120100, Uzbekistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Majeed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Botany, University of Mianwali, Mianwali 42200 Pakistan.
| | - Rozina
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabir Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Abid
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdurashid Rahmatov
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Tashkent State Agrarian University, 2 A., Universitet Str., 100700, Uzbekistan
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Lu WC, Chiu CS, Chan YJ, Mulio AT, Li PH. Recent Research on Different Parts and Extracts of Opuntia dillenii and Its Bioactive Components, Functional Properties, and Applications. Nutrients 2023; 15:2962. [PMID: 37447287 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Opuntia dillenii (O. dillenii) is a plant belonging to the Cactaceae family that is abundant in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. O. dillenii is consumed as a local delicacy and has no other current use. To understand the nutritional value of O. dillenii in human health and its application in the food, cosmetic, and drug industries, this review summarizes information on the chemical compounds (pure α-pyrone compounds, flavonoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, minerals, fatty acids, and betalains) and biological properties (anti-diabetic, anti-hyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-spermatogenic, anticancer, antilarval, anti-angiogenic, and antioxidant) of extracts from each part of the plant (fruit juice, fruit peel, cladode, and seeds) (aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic), and seed oil. In addition, data related to the recent applications of O. dillenii in various industries (e.g., edible coatings, food supplements, cosmetics, nanoparticles, and wastewater treatment) are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chien Lu
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chia-Yi City 60077, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Shan Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 40705, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Jia Chan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
| | | | - Po-Hsien Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung City 43301, Taiwan
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Jabeen S, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Althobaiti AT, Ozdemir FA, Kutlu MA, Makhkamov TK, Sultana S, Ameen M, Majeed S. Ultra-sculpturing of seed morphotypes in selected species of genus Salvia L. and their taxonomic significance. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:96-106. [PMID: 36181702 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The taxonomic importance of macromorphological and micromorphological seed characteristics was investigated using SEM of ten species of the Salvia genus from Pakistan. The aim was to identify diagnostic seed ultrastructural features that could aid in species delimitation, correct identification and phylogenetic position. The ultrastructure of Salvia varies greatly, and a wide range of unique micromorphological features have been observed. Seed micromorphological features were explored by SEM, including seed shape, colour, texture, cell outline, surface sculpturing, epidermal cell arrangement, anticlinal, and periclinal wall pattern. Seed shapes were categorized as obovate, spherical, spheroid, broadly elliptic, elliptic and oblong, mostly with a terminal hilum. Seed colours were black, light brown, dark brown, brown and yellow. Exo-morphological characters, i.e. epidermal cell arrangements, included irregular, wavy pentagonal-hexagonal, regular pentagonal-hexagonal. Cluster analysis was used to assess similar and distinct species within Salvia with a feasible explanation. Taxonomic keys were made based on micromorphological qualitative features that help to delimit species and identify them quickly within the Salvia genus. Seed morphology of ten Salvia species was described and investigated, and the diagnostic significance of features evaluated using SEM. This study analysed seed features, especially at the species level, which might provide much new taxonomic information. The results revealed that, in seed morphology, using SEM can help with taxon identification, especially at the genus and species levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jabeen
- Department of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Lab Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Zafar
- Department of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Lab Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ahmad
- Department of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Lab Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A T Althobaiti
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - F A Ozdemir
- Bingöl University Faculty of Science and Literature - Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bingol, Turkey
| | - M A Kutlu
- Beekeeping Research Development Applications Centre Offices, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - T K Makhkamov
- Department of forestry and landscape design, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan
| | - S Sultana
- Department of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Lab Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ameen
- Department of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Lab Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Majeed
- Department of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Lab Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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8
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Systematic significance of seed morphology and foliar anatomy among Acanthaceous taxa. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Zafar A, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Khan AM, Mahmood T, Kilic O, Fatima A, Habib D, Sultana S, Majeed S, Attique R, Nabila. Microscopic (LM and SEM) visualization of pollen ultrastructure among honeybee flora from lower Margalla Hills and allied areas. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3325-3338. [PMID: 35751607 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microscopic visualization of micro-morphological characters were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopic (SEM) tool, which has proven to be very successful to analyze the pollen surface peculiarities. The significant goal of this research was to perform microscopic examination of pollen of some of the most frequently visited honeybee floral species around apiaries. Micro-morphological characterization of frequented honeybees foraged plants were discussed. A total of 15 species, belonging to 11 different families were identified for the foraging activities of honeybees, namely, Lantana camara, Jatropha integerrima, Helianthus annuus, Tecoma stans, Lagerstroemia indica, Duranta erecta, Cosmos sulphureus, Hymenocollis littoralis, Moringa oleifera, Cestrum nocturnum, Parthenium hysterophorus, Volkameria inermis, Catharanthus roseus, Malvastrum coromandelianum, and Citharexylum spinosum. The microscopic slides were prepared using the acetolysis method, and the qualitative and quantitative features were measured and described using microscopic tools. The pollen type sculpture varies from psilate scabrate to echinate and colpi from tricolpate to tetracolpate. Quantitative parameters such as polar diameter, mesocolpium distance, equatorial dimensions, aperture size, spine diameter, and exine thickness were calculated using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. The exine thickness was measured at its maximum in C. roseus (3.85 μm), whereas it was at its minimum of 0.90 μm in L. indica and D. erecta. Pollen fertility was estimated to be highest in H. annus (88%). The current research validates scanning microscopic features of pollen of the honeybee floral species, which is helpful for the accurate identification and commercializing of honey production to generate revenue for beekeepers through the exploration of bee floral diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeela Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amir Muhammad Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, Pakistan.,Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Islamabad Wildlife Management Board, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Omer Kilic
- Department of Basic Science of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Faculty, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Anam Fatima
- Department of Botany, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, Pakistan
| | - Darima Habib
- Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Majeed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rafia Attique
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nabila
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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