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Chandrashekran A, Casimir C, Dibb N, Readhead C, Winston R. Generating Transgenic Mice by Lentiviral Transduction of Spermatozoa Followed by In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1448:95-106. [PMID: 27317176 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3753-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Most transgenic technologies rely on the oocyte as a substrate for genetic modification. Transgenics animals are usually generated by the injection of the gene constructs (including lentiviruses encoding gene constructs or modified embryonic stem cells) into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg followed by the transfer of the injected embryos into the uterus of a foster mother. Male germ cells also have potential as templates for transgenic development. We have previously shown that mature sperm can be utilized as template for lentiviral transduction and as such used to generate transgenic mice efficiently with germ line capabilities. We provide here a detailed protocol that is relatively simple, to establish transgenic mice using lentivirally transduced spermatozoa. This protocol employs a well-established lentiviral gene delivery system (usual for somatic cells) delivering a variety of transgenes to be directly used with sperm, and the subsequent use of these modified sperm in in vitro fertilization studies and embryo transfer into foster female mice, for the establishment of transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Chandrashekran
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Colin Casimir
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science & Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Nick Dibb
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Carol Readhead
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Robert Winston
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Lentiviral vector transduction of spermatozoa as a tool for the study of early development. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:266-75. [PMID: 24918038 PMCID: PMC4048842 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm are mature cell types that can be transduced by lentiviral vectors. Lentiviral integration in sperm has been demonstrated. Lentivirally transduced sperm is useful for the study of early development.
Spermatozoa and lentiviruses are two of nature’s most efficient gene delivery vehicles. Both can be genetically modified and used independently for the generation of transgenic animals or gene transfer/therapy of inherited disorders. Here we show that mature spermatozoa can be directly transduced with various pseudotyped lentiviral vectors and used in in vitro fertilisation studies. Lentiviral vectors encoding Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) were shown to be efficiently processed and expressed in sperm. When these transduced sperm were used in in vitro fertilisation studies, GFP expression was observed in arising blastocysts. This simple technique of directly transducing spermatozoa has potential to be a powerful tool for the study of early and pre-implantation development and could be used as a technique in transgenic development and vertical viral transmission studies.
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Key Words
- 293T, Human embryonic kidney cells
- 7-AAD, 7-Aminoactinomycin D
- AZT, azidodeoxythimidine
- CMV, Cytomegalovirus promoter
- Development
- EF-1, Elongation factor 1 alpha promoter
- GFP, Green Fluorescent Protein
- IVF, in vitro fertilisation
- In vitro fertilisation
- LTR, Long Terminal Repeat
- Lentiviral vectors
- PGK, Phosphoglycerate kinase promoter
- Spermatozoa
- Transduction
- Transgenics
- UCOE, ubiquitous chromatin opening element promoter
- VSV-g, vesicular stomatitis virus
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Chandrashekran A, Sarkar R, Thrasher A, Fraser SE, Dibb N, Casimir C, Winston R, Readhead C. Efficient generation of transgenic mice by lentivirus‐mediated modification of spermatozoa. FASEB J 2013; 28:569-76. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-233999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Chandrashekran
- Department of Surgery and CancerDivision of CancerInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB)Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rupa Sarkar
- Department of Surgery and CancerDivision of CancerInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB)Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Adrian Thrasher
- Molecular Immunology UnitUniversity College London Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Scott E. Fraser
- Biological Imaging CenterBeckman InstituteCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicholas Dibb
- Department of Surgery and CancerDivision of CancerInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB)Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Colin Casimir
- Department of Natural SciencesSchool of Science and TechnologyMiddlesex UniversityLondonUK
| | - Robert Winston
- Department of Surgery and CancerDivision of CancerInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB)Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Carol Readhead
- Biological Imaging CenterBeckman InstituteCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
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Zhang XY, Kutner RH, Bialkowska A, Marino MP, Klimstra WB, Reiser J. Cell-specific targeting of lentiviral vectors mediated by fusion proteins derived from Sindbis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, or avian sarcoma/leukosis virus. Retrovirology 2010; 7:3. [PMID: 20100344 PMCID: PMC2823649 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to efficiently and selectively target gene delivery vectors to specific cell types in vitro and in vivo remains one of the formidable challenges in gene therapy. We pursued two different strategies to target lentiviral vector delivery to specific cell types. In one of the strategies, vector particles bearing a membrane-bound stem cell factor sequence plus a separate fusion protein based either on Sindbis virus strain TR339 glycoproteins or the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein were used to selectively transduce cells expressing the corresponding stem cell factor receptor (c-kit). An alternative approach involved soluble avian sarcoma/leukosis virus receptors fused to cell-specific ligands including stem cell factor and erythropoietin for targeting lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with avian sarcoma/leukosis virus envelope proteins to cells that express the corresponding receptors. Results The titers of unconcentrated vector particles bearing Sindbis virus strain TR339 or vesicular stomatitis virus G fusion proteins plus stem cell factor in the context of c-kit expressing cells were up to 3.2 × 105 transducing units per ml while vector particles lacking the stem cell factor ligand displayed titers that were approximately 80 fold lower. On cells that lacked the c-kit receptor, the titers of stem cell factor-containing vectors were approximately 40 times lower compared to c-kit-expressing cells. Lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with avian sarcoma/leukosis virus subgroup A or B envelope proteins and bearing bi-functional bridge proteins encoding erythropoietin or stem cell factor fused to the soluble extracellular domains of the avian sarcoma/leukosis virus subgroup A or B receptors resulted in efficient transduction of erythropoietin receptor or c-kit-expressing cells. Transduction of erythropoietin receptor-expressing cells mediated by bi-functional bridge proteins was found to be dependent on the dose, the correct subgroup-specific virus receptor and the correct envelope protein. Furthermore, transduction was completely abolished in the presence of anti-erythropoietin antibody. Conclusions Our results indicate that the avian sarcoma/leukosis virus bridge strategy provides a reliable approach for cell-specific lentiviral vector targeting. The background levels were lower compared to alternative strategies involving Sindbis virus strain TR339 or vesicular stomatitis virus fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yang Zhang
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Tan PH, Xue SA, Wei B, Holler A, Voss RH, George AJT. Changing viral tropism using immunoliposomes alters the stability of gene expression: implications for viral vector design. Mol Med 2007. [PMID: 17592557 DOI: 10.2119/2006-00052.tan] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many strategies for redirecting the tropism of murine Moloney leukemia virus (MMLV) have been described. Preformed virion-liposome complexes, termed virosomes, have been reported to be relatively stable. Virosomes mediate envelope-independent transduction that allows efficient superinfection of resistant cell lines; however, virosome-mediated transduction behaves in a non-target-specific manner. We developed a novel method using antibodies to direct MMLV to vascular endothelium. We have given the term immunovirosomes to the complexes formed between viruses, liposomes, and antibodies. These immunovirosomes improve the transduction efficiency of the viruses and alter their tropism. We have shown improved transduction when immunovirosomes were targeted at the endocytic receptors CD71 and CD62E/P and rather less good delivery when targeted at CD106. The enhancement of the transduction efficiency was transient, however, suggesting that rerouting the entry pathway of viruses alters the expression properties of the viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng H Tan
- Department of Immunology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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Tan PH, Xue SA, Wei B, Holler A, Voss RH, George AJT. Changing viral tropism using immunoliposomes alters the stability of gene expression: implications for viral vector design. MOLECULAR MEDICINE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2007; 13:216-26. [PMID: 17592557 PMCID: PMC1892767 DOI: 10.2119/2006–00052.tan] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Many strategies for redirecting the tropism of murine Moloney leukemia virus (MMLV) have been described. Preformed virion-liposome complexes, termed virosomes, have been reported to be relatively stable. Virosomes mediate envelope-independent transduction that allows efficient superinfection of resistant cell lines; however, virosome-mediated transduction behaves in a non-target-specific manner. We developed a novel method using antibodies to direct MMLV to vascular endothelium. We have given the term immunovirosomes to the complexes formed between viruses, liposomes, and antibodies. These immunovirosomes improve the transduction efficiency of the viruses and alter their tropism. We have shown improved transduction when immunovirosomes were targeted at the endocytic receptors CD71 and CD62E/P and rather less good delivery when targeted at CD106. The enhancement of the transduction efficiency was transient, however, suggesting that rerouting the entry pathway of viruses alters the expression properties of the viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng H Tan
- Department of Immunology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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Breckpot K, Aerts JL, Thielemans K. Lentiviral vectors for cancer immunotherapy: transforming infectious particles into therapeutics. Gene Ther 2007; 14:847-62. [PMID: 17361214 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors have emerged as promising tools for both gene therapy and immunotherapy purposes. They exhibit several advantages over other viral systems in that they are less immunogenic and are capable of transducing a wide range of different cell types, including dendritic cells (DC). DC transduced ex vivo with a whole range of different (tumor) antigens were capable of inducing strong antigen-specific T-cell responses, both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, the administration of lentiviral vectors in vivo has gained substantial interest as an alternative method for antigen-specific immunization. This method offers a number of advantages over DC vaccines as the same lentivirus can in principle be used for all patients resulting in a significantly reduced cost and requirement for considerably less expertise for the generation and administration of lentiviral vaccines. By selectively targeting lentiviral vectors to, or restricting transgene expression in certain cell types, selectivity, safety and efficacy can be further improved. This review will focus on the use of direct administration of lentiviral vectors encoding tumor-associated antigens (TAA) for the induction of tumor-specific immune responses in vivo, with a special focus on problems related to the generation of large amounts of highly purified virus and specific targeting of antigen-presenting cells (APC).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Guinn BA, Norris JS, Huang L, Farzaneh F, Kasahara N, Deisseroth AB. International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy of Cancer (ISCGT) annual meeting: conference overview and introduction to the symposium papers. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:1406-11. [PMID: 16783577 PMCID: PMC11030078 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/13/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara-ann Guinn
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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Krishna D, Le Doux JM. Murine leukemia virus particles activate Rac1 in HeLa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:1184-93. [PMID: 16716260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A number of viruses, when they bind to cells, activate intracellular signals that facilitate post-binding steps of infection. To determine if retroviruses activate intracellular signaling, we transduced HeLa cells with amphotropic retroviruses produced by TelCeB6 cells and examined cell lysates for activated Rac1. We found that retroviruses activate Rac1. Rac1 activation was blocked when cells were depleted of cholesterol, cultured in suspension, or incubated with an anti-beta(1) integrin antibody, and when viruses were treated with heparinase III. Retrovirus activation of Rac1 did not require the amphotropic envelope protein. Gene transfer was reduced 2.4-fold when viruses were treated with heparinase III, but did not change when cells were transduced in the presence of function-blocking anti-beta(1) integrin antibodies. The implications of these findings with respect to retrovirus-cell interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfi Krishna
- The School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Atlanta, GA 30332-0535, USA
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Nesbeth D, Williams SL, Chan L, Brain T, Slater NKH, Farzaneh F, Darling D. Metabolic Biotinylation of Lentiviral Pseudotypes for Scalable Paramagnetic Microparticle-Dependent Manipulation. Mol Ther 2006; 13:814-22. [PMID: 16298167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonviral, host-derived proteins on lentiviral vector surfaces can have a profound effect on the vector's biology as they can both promote infection and provide resistance to complement inactivation. We have exploited this to engineer a specific posttranslational modification of a "nonenvelope," virally associated protein. The bacterial biotin ligase (BirA) and a modified human DeltaLNGFR have been introduced into HEK293T cells and their protein products directed to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The BirA then couples biotin to an acceptor peptide that has been fused to the DeltaLNGFR. This results in the covalent linkage of biotin to the extracellular domain of the DeltaLNGFR expressed on the cell surface. Lentiviral vectors from these cells are metabolically labeled with biotin in the presence of free biotin. These biotinylated lentiviral vectors have a high affinity for streptavidin paramagnetic particles and, once captured, are easily manipulated in vitro. This is illustrated by the concentration of lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with either the VSV-G or an amphotropic envelope in excess of 4500-fold. This new cell line has the potential for widespread application to envelope pseudotypes compatible with lentiviral vector production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Nesbeth
- Department of Haematological and Molecular Medicine, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, King's College London, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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Young LS, Searle PF, Onion D, Mautner V. Viral gene therapy strategies: from basic science to clinical application. J Pathol 2006; 208:299-318. [PMID: 16362990 DOI: 10.1002/path.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A major impediment to the successful application of gene therapy for the treatment of a range of diseases is not a paucity of therapeutic genes, but the lack of an efficient non-toxic gene delivery system. Having evolved to deliver their genes to target cells, viruses are currently the most effective means of gene delivery and can be manipulated to express therapeutic genes or to replicate specifically in certain cells. Gene therapy is being developed for a range of diseases including inherited monogenic disorders and cardiovascular disease, but it is in the treatment of cancer that this approach has been most evident, resulting in the recent licensing of a gene therapy for the routine treatment of head and neck cancer in China. A variety of virus vectors have been employed to deliver genes to cells to provide either transient (eg adenovirus, vaccinia virus) or permanent (eg retrovirus, adeno-associated virus) transgene expression and each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages. Paramount is the safety of these virus vectors and a greater understanding of the virus-host interaction is key to optimizing the use of these vectors for routine clinical use. Recent developments in the modification of the virus coat allow more targeted approaches and herald the advent of systemic delivery of therapeutic viruses. In the context of cancer, the ability of attenuated viruses to replicate specifically in tumour cells has already yielded some impressive results in clinical trials and bodes well for the future of this approach, particularly when combined with more traditional anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence S Young
- Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham Medical School, UK.
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Verhoeyen E, Wiznerowicz M, Olivier D, Izac B, Trono D, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A, Cosset FL. Novel lentiviral vectors displaying “early-acting cytokines” selectively promote survival and transduction of NOD/SCID repopulating human hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2005; 106:3386-95. [PMID: 16076865 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-12-4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA major limitation of current lentiviral vectors (LVs) is their inability to govern efficient gene transfer into quiescent cells, such as human CD34+ cells, that reside in the G0 phase of the cell cycle and that are highly enriched in hematopoietic stem cells. This hampers their application for gene therapy of hematopoietic cells. Here, we designed novel LVs that overcome this restriction by displaying “early-acting cytokines” on their surface. Display of thrombopoietin, stem cell factor, or both cytokines on the LV surface allowed efficient gene delivery into quiescent cord blood CD34+ cells. Moreover, these surface-engineered LVs preferentially transduced and promoted survival of resting CD34+ cells rather than cycling cells. Finally, and most importantly, these novel LVs allowed superior gene transfer in the most immature CD34+ cells as compared to conventional LVs, even when the latter vectors were used to transduce cells in the presence of recombinant cytokines. This was demonstrated by their capacity to promote selective transduction of CD34+ cell in in vitro derived long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) colonies and of long-term NOD/SCID repopulating cells (SRCs) in vivo.
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Chan L, Nesbeth D, Mackey T, Galea-Lauri J, Gäken J, Martin F, Collins M, Mufti G, Farzaneh F, Darling D. Conjugation of lentivirus to paramagnetic particles via nonviral proteins allows efficient concentration and infection of primary acute myeloid leukemia cells. J Virol 2005; 79:13190-4. [PMID: 16189021 PMCID: PMC1235865 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.20.13190-13194.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonviral producer cell proteins incorporated into retroviral vector surfaces profoundly influence infectivity and in vivo half-life. We report the purification and concentration of lentiviral vectors using these surface proteins as an efficient gene transduction strategy. Biotinylation of these proteins and streptavidin paramagnetic particle concentration enhances titer 400- to 2,500-fold (to 10(9) CFU/ml for vesicular stomatitis virus G protein and 5 x 10(8) for amphotropic murine leukemia virus envelope). This method also uses newly introduced membrane proteins (B7.1 and DeltaLNGFR) directed to lentiviral surfaces, allowing up to 17,000-fold concentrations. Particle conjugation of lentivirus allows facile manipulation in vitro, resulting in the transduction of 48 to 94% of human acute myeloid leukemia blasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Chan
- King's College London, Department of Haematological and Molecular Medicine, The Rayne Institute, UK
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