1
|
Asfour AAR, Evren AE, Sağlık Özkan BN, Yurttaş L. Investigating the potential of novel thiazole derivatives in treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39672098 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2437521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate 12 novel thiazole compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The compounds produced were evaluated for their inhibitory efficacy against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and monoamine oxidases (MAOs). Among the compounds, 5d, 5e, and 5j showed the highest AChE inhibitory activity. The IC50 values for compounds are 0.223 ± 0.010 µM, 0.092 ± 0.003 µM, and 0.054 ± 0.002 µM, respectively. In addition, molecular docking analyses and molecular dynamic simulation were used to examine the interactions of these compounds with protein sites. The results suggest that thiazole-ring compounds could serve as a promising basis for the development of drugs aimed at treating neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), caused by Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abd Al Rahman Asfour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Institute of Graduate Education, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Asaf Evrim Evren
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik
| | | | - Leyla Yurttaş
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mateev E, Karatchobanov V, Dedja M, Diamantakos K, Mateeva A, Muhammed MT, Irfan A, Kondeva-Burdina M, Valkova I, Georgieva M, Zlatkov A. Novel Pyrrole Derivatives as Multi-Target Agents for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, In Silico Studies and Biological Evaluation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1171. [PMID: 39338334 PMCID: PMC11435393 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the complex pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the multi-target ligand strategy is expected to provide superior effects for the treatment of the neurological disease compared to the classic single target strategy. Thus, one novel pyrrole-based hydrazide (vh0) and four corresponding hydrazide-hydrazones (vh1-4) were synthesized by applying highly efficient MW-assisted synthetic protocols. The synthetic pathway provided excellent yields and reduced reaction times under microwave conditions compared to conventional heating. The biological assays indicated that most of the novel pyrroles are selective MAO-B inhibitors with IC50 in the nanomolar range (665 nM) and moderate AChE inhibitors. The best dual-acting MAO-B/AChE inhibitor (IC50hMAOB-0.665 μM; IC50eeAChE-4.145 μM) was the unsubstituted pyrrole-based hydrazide (vh0). Importantly, none of the novel molecules displayed hMAOA-blocking capacities. The radical-scavenging properties of the compounds were examined using DPPH and ABTS in vitro tests. Notably, the hydrazide vh0 demonstrated the best antioxidant activities. In addition, in silico simulations using molecular docking and MM/GBSA, targeting the AChE (PDB ID: 4EY6) and MAO-B (PDB: 2V5Z), were utilized to obtain active conformations and to optimize the most prominent dual inhibitor (vh0). The ADME and in vitro PAMPA studies demonstrated that vh0 could cross the blood-brain barrier, and it poses good lead-like properties. Moreover, the optimized molecular structures and the frontier molecular orbitals were examined via DFT studies at 6-311G basis set in the ground state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Mateev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.K.); (M.D.); (K.D.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Valentin Karatchobanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.K.); (M.D.); (K.D.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Marjano Dedja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.K.); (M.D.); (K.D.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Konstantinos Diamantakos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.K.); (M.D.); (K.D.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Alexandrina Mateeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.K.); (M.D.); (K.D.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Muhammed Tilahun Muhammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Türkiye;
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Iva Valkova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Maya Georgieva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.K.); (M.D.); (K.D.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Alexander Zlatkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.K.); (M.D.); (K.D.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zaib S, Khan I, Ali HS, Younas MT, Ibrar A, Al-Odayni AB, Al-Kahtani AA. Design and discovery of anthranilamide derivatives as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disorders via targeting cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132748. [PMID: 38821306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases with progressive cellular loss of the central nervous system and elusive disease etiology provide a continuous impetus to explore drug discovery programmes aiming at identifying robust and effective inhibitors of cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase enzymes. We herein present a concise library of anthranilamide derivatives involving a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction to install the diverse structural diversity required for the desired biological action. Using Ellman's method, cholinesterase inhibitory activity was performed against AChE and BuChE enzymes. In vitro assay results demonstrated that anthranilamides are potent inhibitors with remarkable potency. Compound 6k emerged as the lead candidate and dual inhibitor of both enzymes with IC50 values of 0.12 ± 0.01 and 0.49 ± 0.02 μM against AChE and BuChE, respectively. Several other compounds were found as highly potent and selective inhibitors. Anthranilamide derivatives were also tested against monoamine oxidase (A and B) enzymes using fluorometric method. In vitro data revealed compound 6h as the most potent inhibitor against MAO-A, showing an IC50 value of 0.44 ± 0.02 μM, whereas, compound 6k emerged as the top inhibitor of MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.06 ± 0.01 μM. All the lead inhibitors were analyzed for the identification of their mechanism of action using Michaelis-Menten kinetics experiments. Compound 6k and 6h depicted a competitive mode of action against AChE and MAO-A, whereas, a non-competitive and mixed-type of inhibition was observed against BuChE and MAO-B by compounds 6k. Molecular docking analysis revealed remarkable binding affinities of the potent inhibitors with specific residues inside the active site of receptors. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore the ability of potent compounds to form energetically stable complexes with the target protein. Finally, in silico ADME calculations also demonstrated that the potent compounds exhibit promising pharmacokinetic profile, satisfying the essential criteria for drug-likeness. Altogether, the findings reported in the current work clearly suggest that the identified anthranilamide derivatives have the potential to serve as effective drug candidates for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester MI 7DN, UK.
| | - Hafiz Saqib Ali
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, the INEOS Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Younas
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK 22620, Pakistan.
| | - Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al-Kahtani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zou D, Liu R, Lv Y, Guo J, Zhang C, Xie Y. Latest advances in dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B against Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2270781. [PMID: 37955252 PMCID: PMC10653629 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2270781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disease characterised by progressive memory loss and cognition impairment, ultimately leading to death. There are three FDA-approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, AChEIs) for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) has been considered to contribute to pathologies of AD. Therefore, we reviewed the dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and MAO-B developed in the last five years. In this review, these dual-target inhibitors were classified into six groups according to the basic parent structure, including chalcone, coumarin, chromone, benzo-fused five-membered ring, imine and hydrazine, and other scaffolds. Their design strategies, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and molecular docking studies with AChE and MAO-B were analysed and discussed, giving valuable insights for the subsequent development of AChE and MAO-B dual inhibitors. Challenges in the development of balanced and potent AChE and MAO-B dual inhibitors were noted, and corresponding solutions were provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renzheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangjing Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar VP, Vishnu MS, Kumar S, Jaiswal S, Ayyannan SR. Exploration of a library of piperonylic acid-derived hydrazones possessing variable aryl functionalities as potent dual cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Mol Divers 2023; 27:2465-2489. [PMID: 36355337 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A library of piperonylic acid-derived hydrazones possessing variable aryl moiety was synthesized and investigated for their multifunctional properties against cholinesterases (ChEs) and monoamine oxidases (MAOs). The in vitro enzymatic assay results revealed that the tested hydrazones have exhibited excellent cholinesterase inhibition profile. Compound 4i, (E)-N'-(2,3-dichlorobenzylidene)benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carbohydrazide showed promising dual inhibitory profile against AChE (0.048 ± 0.007 μM), BChE (0.89 ± 0.018 μM), and MAO-B (0.95 ± 0.12 μM) enzymes. SAR exploration revealed that the truncation of the linker connecting both the aryl binding sites of the semicarbazone scaffold, by one atom, has relatively suppressed the AChE inhibitory potential. Kinetic studies disclosed that the compound 4i reversibly inhibited AChE enzyme in a competitive manner (Ki = 8.0 ± 0.076 nM), while it displayed a non-competitive and reversible inhibition profile against MAO-B (Ki = 9.6 ± 0.021 µM). Moreover, molecular docking studies of synthesized compounds against ChEs and MAOs provided the crucial molecular features that enable their close association and interaction with the target enzymes. All atomistic simulation studies confirmed the stable association of compound 4i within the active sites of AChE and MAO-B. In addition, theoretical ADMET prediction studies demonstrated the acceptable pharmacokinetic profile of the dual inhibitors. In summary, the attempted lead simplification study afforded a potent dual ChE-MAO-B inhibitor compound that merits further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Pavan Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - M S Vishnu
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Shivani Jaiswal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Basri R, Fatima S, Jalil S, Imran A, Fatima N, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Iqbal J, Shafiq Z. 2-Oxoquinoline-based-thiosemicarbazones as multitargeting neurotherapeutics against Alzheimer's disease: In vitro and in silico studies of MAO and ChE inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300430. [PMID: 37718357 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a multifactorial neurological disorder with multiple enzyme involvement in its onset. Conventional monotherapies fall short in providing long-term relief, necessitating the exploration of alternative multitargeting approaches to address the complexity of AD. Therefore, the design, synthesis, and in vitro and in silico evaluation of 2-oxoquinoline-based thiosemicarbazones 9a-r as multipotent analogs, able to simultaneously inhibit the cholinesterase (ChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes for the potential treatment of AD, are reported. In the in vitro experimental evaluation of MAO and ChE inhibition, all tested compounds demonstrated remarkable potency exhibiting nonselective inhibition of both MAO-A and MAO-B, and selective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) over butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with 9d, 9j, and 9m evolving as lead compounds for MAO-A, MAO-B, and AChE, displaying IC50 values of 0.35 ± 0.92, 0.50 ± 0.02, and 0.25 ± 0.13 μM, respectively. Moreover, the kinetic studies revealed that all tested compounds inhibited all three enzymes through a competitive mode of inhibition. Furthermore, the molecular docking studies of the most active compounds revealed several crucial interactions, particularly hydrogen bonding interactions. These interactions were observed between the nitrogen and sulfur atoms of thiosemicarbazone and the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the quinoline ring with various amino acids, suggesting the strong interactions of these compounds with the enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Basri
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shamool Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saquib Jalil
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Imran
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Noor Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sharma P, Singh M. An ongoing journey of chalcone analogues as single and multi-target ligands in the field of Alzheimer's disease: A review with structural aspects. Life Sci 2023; 320:121568. [PMID: 36925061 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with progressive dementia and cognitive impairment. AD poses severe health challenge in elderly people and become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It possesses complex pathophysiology with several hypotheses (cholinergic hypothesis, amyloid hypothesis, tau hypothesis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction etc.). Several attempts have been made for the management of multifactorial AD. Acetylcholinesterase is the only target has been widely explored in the management of AD to the date. The current review set forth the chalcone based natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds in the search of potential anti-Alzheimer's agents. The main highlights of current review emphasizes on chalcone target different enzymes and pathways like Acetylcholinesterase, β-secretase (BACE1), tau proteins, MAO, free radicals, Advanced glycation end Products (AGEs) etc. and their structure activity relationships contributing in the inhibition of above mentioned various targets of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
El-Damasy AK, Park JE, Kim HJ, Lee J, Bang EK, Kim H, Keum G. Identification of New N-methyl-piperazine Chalcones as Dual MAO-B/AChE Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010083. [PMID: 36678580 PMCID: PMC9860728 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) have been considered target enzymes of depression and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, seventeen N-methyl-piperazine chalcones were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities were evaluated against the target enzymes. Compound 2k (3-trifluoromethyl-4-fluorinated derivative) showed the highest selective inhibition against MAO-B with an IC50 of 0.71 μM and selectivity index (SI) of 56.34, followed by 2n (2-fluoro-5-bromophenyl derivative) (IC50 = 1.11 μM, SI = 16.04). Compounds 2k and 2n were reversible competitive MAO-B inhibitors with Ki values of 0.21 and 0.28 μM, respectively. Moreover, 2k and 2n effectively inhibited AChE with IC50 of 8.10 and 4.32 μM, which underscored their multi-target inhibitory modes. Interestingly, compound 2o elicited remarkable inhibitions over MAO-B, AChE, and BChE with IC50 of 1.19-3.87 μM. A cell-based assay of compounds 2k and 2n against Vero normal cells pointed out their low cytotoxicity. In a docking simulation, 2k showed the lowest energy for MAO-B (-11.6 kcal/mol) with four hydrogen bonds and two π-π interactions. Furthermore, in silico studies were conducted, and disclosed that 2k and 2n are expected to possess favorable pharmacokinetic properties, such as the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In view of these findings, compounds 2k and 2n could serve as promising potential candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf K. El-Damasy
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.K.E.-D.); (H.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Jong Eun Park
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Bang
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (A.K.E.-D.); (H.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Gyochang Keum
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (A.K.E.-D.); (H.K.); (G.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tok F, Sağlık BN, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA, Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu B. Design, synthesis, biological activity evaluation and in silico studies of new nicotinohydrazide derivatives as multi-targeted inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Erol M, Celik I, Sağlık BN, Karayel A, Mellado M, Mella J. Synthesis, molecular modeling, 3D-QSAR and biological evaluation studies of new benzimidazole derivatives as potential MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Javed MA, Bibi S, Jan MS, Ikram M, Zaidi A, Farooq U, Sadiq A, Rashid U. Diclofenac derivatives as concomitant inhibitors of cholinesterase, monoamine oxidase, cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: synthesis, pharmacology, toxicity and docking studies. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22503-22517. [PMID: 36105972 PMCID: PMC9366597 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting concomitantly cholinesterase (ChEs) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B) is a key strategy to treat multifactorial Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, it is reported that the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX) is increased significantly in the brain of AD patients. Using the triazole of diclofenac 12 as a lead compound, we synthesized a variety of analogs as multipotent inhibitors concomitantly targeting COX-2, 5-LOX, AChE, BChE, MAO-A and MAO-B. A number of compounds showed excellent in vitro inhibition of the target biological macromolecules in nanomolar concentration. Compound 39 emerged as the most potent multitarget ligand with IC50 values of 0.03 μM, 0.91 μM, 0.61 μM, 0.01 μM 0.60 μM and 0.98 μM towards AChE, BChE, MAO-A, MAO-B, COX-2 and 5-LOX respectively. All the biologically active compounds were found to be non-neurotoxic and blood-brain barrier penetrant by using PAMPA assay. In a reversibility assay, all the studied active compounds showed reversibility and thus were found to be devoid of side effects. MTT assay results on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells showed that the tested compounds were non-neurotoxic. An in vivo acute toxicity study showed the safety of the synthesized compounds up to a 2000 mg kg-1 dose. In docking studies three-dimensional construction and interaction with key residues of all the studied biological macromolecules helped us to explain the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamir Javed
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus 22060 Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Saba Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus 22060 Abbottabad Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ikram
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus 22060 Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Asma Zaidi
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus 22060 Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus 22060 Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand Chakdara 18000 Dir (L) KP Pakistan
| | - Umer Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus 22060 Abbottabad Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Królicka E, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Łażewska D. Chalcones as Potential Ligands for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070847. [PMID: 35890146 PMCID: PMC9317344 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with the increase in life expectancy, a significant increase of people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases (ND) has been noticed. The second most common ND, after Alzheimer’s disease, is Parkinson’s disease (PD), which manifests itself with a number of motor and non-motor symptoms that hinder the patient’s life. Current therapies can only alleviate those symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease, but not effectively cure it. So now, in addition to understanding the mechanism and causes of PD, it is also important to find a powerful way of treatment. It has been proved that in the etiology and course of PD, the essential roles are played by dopamine (DA) (an important neurotransmitter), enzymes regulating its level (e.g., COMT, MAO), and oxidative stress leading to neuroinflammation. Chalcones, due to their “simple” structure and valuable biological properties are considered as promising candidates for treatment of ND, also including PD. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of chalcones and related structures as potential new therapeutics for cure and prevention of PD. For this purpose, three databases (Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched to collect articles published during the last 5 years (January 2018–February 2022). Chalcones have been described as promising enzyme inhibitors (MAO B, COMT, AChE), α-synuclein imaging probes, showing anti-neuroinflammatory activity (inhibition of iNOS or activation of Nrf2 signaling), as well as antagonists of adenosine A1 and/or A2A receptors. This review focused on the structure–activity relationships of these compounds to determine how a particular substituent or its position in the chalcone ring(s) (ring A and/or B) affects biological activity.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tok F, Sağlık BN, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA, Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu B. N‐Substituted arylidene‐3‐(methylsulfonyl)‐2‐oxoimidazolidine‐1‐carbohydrazide as cholinesterase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and molecular docking study. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200265. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Tok
- Marmara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Pharmaceutical Chemistry Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 34854 4/A Istanbul TURKEY
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Anadolu University Yunus Emre Campus: Anadolu Universitesi Yunus Emre Kampusu Pharmaceutical Chemistry Tepebaşı 26470 Eskişehir TURKEY
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Anadolu University Yunus Emre Campus: Anadolu Universitesi Yunus Emre Kampusu Pharmaceutical Chemistry Tepebaşı 26470 Eskişehir TURKEY
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Anadolu University Yunus Emre Campus: Anadolu Universitesi Yunus Emre Kampusu Pharmaceutical Chemistry Tepebaşı 26470 Eskişehir TURKEY
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Urbonavičius A, Fortunato G, Ambrazaitytė E, Plytninkienė E, Bieliauskas A, Milišiūnaitė V, Luisi R, Arbačiauskienė E, Krikštolaitytė S, Šačkus A. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Heterocyclic Chalcones from 1-Phenyl-1 H-pyrazol-3-ol. Molecules 2022; 27:3752. [PMID: 35744875 PMCID: PMC9227189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient synthetic route to construct diverse pyrazole-based chalcones from 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ols bearing a formyl or acetyl group on the C4 position of pyrazole ring, employing a base-catalysed Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction, is described. Isomeric chalcones were further reacted with N-hydroxy-4-toluenesulfonamide and regioselective formation of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2-oxazoles was established. The novel pyrazole-chalcones and 1,2-oxazoles were characterized by an in-depth analysis of NMR spectral data, which were obtained through a combination of standard and advanced NMR spectroscopy techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arminas Urbonavičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.U.); (G.F.); (E.A.); (E.P.); (V.M.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Graziana Fortunato
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.U.); (G.F.); (E.A.); (E.P.); (V.M.); (S.K.)
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Emilija Ambrazaitytė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.U.); (G.F.); (E.A.); (E.P.); (V.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Elena Plytninkienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.U.); (G.F.); (E.A.); (E.P.); (V.M.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Aurimas Bieliauskas
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Vaida Milišiūnaitė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.U.); (G.F.); (E.A.); (E.P.); (V.M.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Eglė Arbačiauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.U.); (G.F.); (E.A.); (E.P.); (V.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Sonata Krikštolaitytė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.U.); (G.F.); (E.A.); (E.P.); (V.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.U.); (G.F.); (E.A.); (E.P.); (V.M.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ceyhun İ, Karaca Ş, Osmaniye D, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Design and synthesis of novel chalcone derivatives and evaluation of their inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100372. [PMID: 34893996 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
According to the cholinergic hypothesis, an increase in the acetylcholine level in Alzheimer's disease patients relatively slows down the symptoms of the disease. The most commonly used drug, donepezil, is a cholinesterase inhibitor. In this study, 12 new chalcones (2a-l) were designed and synthesized. In biological activity studies, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory potentials of all compounds were evaluated using the in vitro Ellman method. The biological evaluation showed that compounds 2d, 2f, 2j, and 2l displayed significant activity against AChE. The compounds 2d, 2f, 2j, and 2l displayed IC50 values of 0.042, 0.024, 0.053, and 0.033 µM against AChE, respectively. The reference drug donepezil (IC50 = 0.021 µM) also displayed significant inhibition of AChE. The inhibitory activities of these compounds for β-amyloid plaque aggregation were investigated. The enzyme kinetic study was performed to observe the effect of the most active compound 2f on the substrate-enzyme relationship, and a mixed-type inhibition of AchE was determined. Further, docking simulation also revealed that these compounds (2d, 2f, 2j, and 2l) interacted with the enzyme active site in a similar manner to donepezil. The most active derivative, compound 2f, interacted with the amino acids Trp286, Phe295, Tyr341, Trp86, and Glu202.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İlçim Ceyhun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Şevval Karaca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Derya Osmaniye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Begüm N Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer A Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yue G, Jiang D, Dou Z, Li S, Feng J, Zhang L, Chen H, Yang C, Yin Z, Song X, Liang X, Wang X, Lu C. Rapid umpolung Michael addition of isatin N, N′-cyclic azomethine imine 1,3-dipoles with chalcones. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00960e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3,3-Disubstituted oxindoles were prepared rapidly in moderate to excellent yields with promising dr values by the t-BuONa-promoted Michael addition.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gangadhar PS, Reddy G, Prasanthkumar S, Giribabu L. Phenothiazine functional materials for organic optoelectronic applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14969-14996. [PMID: 34231592 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01185e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phenothiazine (PTZ) is one of the most extensively investigated S, N heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons due to its unique optical, electronic properties, flexibility of functionalization, low cost, and commercial availability. Hence, PTZ and its derivative materials have been attractive in various optoelectronic applications in the last few years. In this prospective, we have focused on the most significant characteristics of PTZ and highlighted how the structural modifications such as different electron donors or acceptors, length of the π-conjugated system or spacers, polar or non-polar chains, and other functional groups influence the optoelectronic properties. This prospective provides a recent account of the advances in phenothiazine derivative materials as an active layer(s) for optoelectronic (viz. dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), organic solar cells (OSCs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field-effect transistor (OFETs), chemosensing, nonlinear optical materials (NLOs), and supramolecular self-assembly applications. Finally, future prospects are discussed based on the structure-property relationship in PTZ-derivative materials. This overview will pave the way for researchers to design and develop new PTZ-functionalized structures and use them for various organic optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palivela Siva Gangadhar
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, TS, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Govind Reddy
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, TS, India.
| | - Seelam Prasanthkumar
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, TS, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, TS, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|