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Joshi A, Gohil VM. Cardiolipin deficiency leads to the destabilization of mitochondrial magnesium channel MRS2 in Barth syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3353-3360. [PMID: 37721533 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a debilitating X-linked cardio-skeletal myopathy caused by loss-of-function mutations in TAFAZZIN, a cardiolipin (CL)-remodeling enzyme required for the maintenance of normal levels of CL species in mitochondrial membranes. At present, how perturbations in CL abundance and composition lead to many debilitating clinical presentations in BTHS patients have not been fully elucidated. Inspired by our recent findings that CL is essential for optimal mitochondrial calcium uptake, we measured the levels of other biologically important metal ions in BTHS mitochondria and found that in addition to calcium, magnesium levels are significantly reduced. Consistent with this observation, we report a decreased abundance of the mitochondrial magnesium influx channel MRS2 in multiple models of BTHS including yeast, murine myoblast, and BTHS patient cells and cardiac tissue. Mechanistically, we attribute reduced steady-state levels of MRS2 to its increased turnover in CL-deficient BTHS models. By expressing Mrs2 in well-characterized yeast mutants of the phospholipid biosynthetic pathways, we demonstrate a specific requirement of CL for Mrs2 abundance and assembly. Finally, we provide in vitro evidence for the direct binding of CL with human MRS2. Together, our study has identified a critical requirement of CL for MRS2 stability and suggests perturbation of mitochondrial magnesium homeostasis as a novel contributing factor to BTHS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaumy Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, TAMU 3474, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, TAMU 3474, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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2
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Richardson K, Wessells R. A novel panel of Drosophila TAFAZZIN mutants in distinct genetic backgrounds as a resource for therapeutic testing. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286380. [PMID: 37756350 PMCID: PMC10529581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Barth Syndrome is a rare, X-linked disorder caused by mutation of the gene TAFAZZIN (TAZ). The corresponding Tafazzin protein is involved in the remodeling of cardiolipin, a phospholipid with critical roles in mitochondrial function. While recent clinical trials have been promising, there is still no cure for Barth Syndrome. Because TAZ is highly conserved, multiple animal and cell culture models exist for pre-clinical testing of therapeutics. However, since the same mutation in different patients can lead to different symptoms and responses to treatment, isogenized experimental models can't fully account for human disease conditions. On the other hand, isogenized animal models allow for sufficient numbers to thoroughly establish efficacy for a given genetic background. Therefore, a combined method for testing treatments in a panel of isogenized cohorts that are genetically distinct from each other would be transformative for testing emerging pre-clinical therapies. To aid in this effort, we've created a novel panel of 10 Drosophila lines, each with the same TAZ mutation in highly diverse genetic backgrounds, to serve as a helpful resource to represent natural variation in background genetics in pre-clinical studies. As a proof of principle, we test our panel here using nicotinamide riboside (NR), a treatment with established therapeutic value, to evaluate how robust this therapy is across the 10 genetic backgrounds in this novel reference panel. We find substantial variation in the response to NR across backgrounds. We expect this resource will be valuable in pre-clinical testing of emerging therapies for Barth Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Richardson
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Robert Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
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Fujita H, Kaneshiro J, Takeda M, Sasaki K, Yamamoto R, Umetsu D, Kuranaga E, Higo S, Kondo T, Asano Y, Sakata Y, Miyagawa S, Watanabe TM. Estimation of crossbridge-state during cardiomyocyte beating using second harmonic generation. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302070. [PMID: 37236659 PMCID: PMC10215972 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimation of dynamic change of crossbridge formation in living cardiomyocytes is expected to provide crucial information for elucidating cardiomyopathy mechanisms, efficacy of an intervention, and others. Here, we established an assay system to dynamically measure second harmonic generation (SHG) anisotropy derived from myosin filaments depended on their crossbridge status in pulsating cardiomyocytes. Experiments utilizing an inheritable mutation that induces excessive myosin-actin interactions revealed that the correlation between sarcomere length and SHG anisotropy represents crossbridge formation ratio during pulsation. Furthermore, the present method found that ultraviolet irradiation induced an increased population of attached crossbridges that lost the force-generating ability upon myocardial differentiation. Taking an advantage of infrared two-photon excitation in SHG microscopy, myocardial dysfunction could be intravitally evaluated in a Drosophila disease model. Thus, we successfully demonstrated the applicability and effectiveness of the present method to evaluate the actomyosin activity of a drug or genetic defect on cardiomyocytes. Because genomic inspection alone may not catch the risk of cardiomyopathy in some cases, our study demonstrated herein would be of help in the risk assessment of future heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujita
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junichi Kaneshiro
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Maki Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Sasaki
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rikako Yamamoto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Umetsu
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erina Kuranaga
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Higo
- Department of Medical Therapeutics for Heart Failure, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Kondo
- Department of Medical Therapeutics for Heart Failure, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomonobu M Watanabe
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
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4
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Russo S, De Rasmo D, Signorile A, Corcelli A, Lobasso S. Beneficial effects of SS-31 peptide on cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in tafazzin knockdown mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19847. [PMID: 36400945 PMCID: PMC9674582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth Syndrome (BTHS), a genetic disease associated with early-onset cardioskeletal myopathy, is caused by loss-of-function mutations of the TAFAZZIN gene, which is responsible for remodeling the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL). Deregulation of CL biosynthesis and maturation in BTHS mitochondria result in a dramatically increased monolysocardiolipin (MLCL)/CL ratio associated with bioenergetic dysfunction. One of the most promising therapeutic approaches for BTHS includes the mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide SS-31, which interacts with CL. Here, we used TAFAZZIN knockdown (TazKD) mice to investigate for the first time whether in vivo administration of SS-31 could affect phospholipid profiles and mitochondrial dysfunction. The CL fingerprinting of TazKD cardiac mitochondria obtained by MALDI-TOF/MS revealed the typical lipid changes associated with BTHS. TazKD mitochondria showed lower respiratory rates in state 3 and 4 together with a decreased in maximal respiratory rates. Treatment of TazKD mice with SS-31 improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity and promoted supercomplex organization, without affecting the MLCL/CL ratio. We hypothesize that SS-31 exerts its effect by influencing the function of the respiratory chain rather than affecting CL directly. In conclusion, our results indicate that SS-31 have beneficial effects on improving cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in a BTHS animal model, suggesting the peptide as future pharmacologic agent for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Russo
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico De Rasmo
- grid.503043.1CNR-Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Signorile
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Corcelli
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Lobasso
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Jagirdar G, Elsner M, Scharf C, Simm S, Borucki K, Peter D, Lalk M, Methling K, Linnebacher M, Krohn M, Wolke C, Lendeckel U. Re-Expression of Tafazzin Isoforms in TAZ-Deficient C6 Glioma Cells Restores Cardiolipin Composition but Not Proliferation Rate and Alterations in Gene Expression. Front Genet 2022; 13:931017. [PMID: 35957687 PMCID: PMC9358009 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.931017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tafazzin—an acyltransferase—is involved in cardiolipin (CL) remodeling. CL is associated with mitochondrial function, structure and more recently with cell proliferation. Various tafazzin isoforms exist in humans. The role of these isoforms in cardiolipin remodeling is unknown. Aim of this study was to investigate if specific isoforms like Δ5 can restore the wild type phenotype with respect to CL composition, cellular proliferation and gene expression profile. In addition, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanism by which tafazzin can modulate gene expression by applying promoter analysis and (Ingenuity Pathway Analyis) IPA to genes regulated by TAZ-deficiency. Expression of Δ5 and rat full length TAZ in C6-TAZ- cells could fully restore CL composition and—as proven for Δ5—this is naturally associated with restoration of mitochondrial respiration. A similar restoration of CL-composition could not be observed after re-expression of an enzymatically dead full-length rat TAZ (H69L; TAZMut). Re-expression of only rat full length TAZ could restore proliferation rate. Surprisingly, the Δ5 variant failed to restore wild-type proliferation. Further, as expected, re-expression of the TAZMut variant completely failed to reverse the gene expression changes, whereas re-expression of the TAZ-FL variant largely did so and the Δ5 variant to somewhat less extent. Very likely TAZ-deficiency provokes substantial long-lasting changes in cellular lipid metabolism which contribute to changes in proliferation and gene expression, and are not or only very slowly reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Jagirdar
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Elsner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Scharf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Simm
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Peter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology, and Immunotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mathias Krohn
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology, and Immunotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carmen Wolke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- *Correspondence: Uwe Lendeckel,
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Pang J, Bao Y, Mitchell-Silbaugh K, Veevers J, Fang X. Barth Syndrome Cardiomyopathy: An Update. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040656. [PMID: 35456462 PMCID: PMC9030331 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked mitochondrial lipid disorder caused by mutations in the TAFAZZIN (TAZ) gene, which encodes a mitochondrial acyltransferase/transacylase required for cardiolipin (CL) biosynthesis. Cardiomyopathy is a major clinical feature of BTHS. During the past four decades, we have witnessed many landmark discoveries that have led to a greater understanding of clinical features of BTHS cardiomyopathy and their molecular basis, as well as the therapeutic targets for this disease. Recently published Taz knockout mouse models provide useful experimental models for studying BTHS cardiomyopathy and testing potential therapeutic approaches. This review aims to summarize key findings of the clinical features, molecular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic approaches for BTHS cardiomyopathy, with particular emphasis on the most recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
- Department of Biological Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yutong Bao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
- Department of Biological Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kalia Mitchell-Silbaugh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
| | - Jennifer Veevers
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-246-4637
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Vaz FM, Wanders RJA, Vernon H. Barth syndrome and the many fascinating aspects of cardiolipin. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:1-2. [PMID: 34855207 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilary Vernon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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