1
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Loi VV, Busche T, Kuropka B, Müller S, Methling K, Lalk M, Kalinowski J, Antelmann H. Staphylococcus aureus adapts to the immunometabolite itaconic acid by inducing acid and oxidative stress responses including S-bacillithiolations and S-itaconations. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:859-876. [PMID: 37793500 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen, which has to defend against reactive oxygen and electrophilic species encountered during infections. Activated macrophages produce the immunometabolite itaconate as potent electrophile and antimicrobial upon pathogen infection. In this work, we used transcriptomics, metabolomics and shotgun redox proteomics to investigate the specific stress responses, metabolic changes and redox modifications caused by sublethal concentrations of itaconic acid in S. aureus. In the RNA-seq transcriptome, itaconic acid caused the induction of the GlnR, KdpDE, CidR, SigB, GraRS, PerR, CtsR and HrcA regulons and the urease-encoding operon, revealing an acid and oxidative stress response and impaired proteostasis. Neutralization using external urea as ammonium source improved the growth and decreased the expression of the glutamine synthetase-controlling GlnR regulon, indicating that S. aureus experienced ammonium starvation upon itaconic acid stress. In the extracellular metabolome, the amounts of acetate and formate were decreased, while secretion of pyruvate and the neutral product acetoin were strongly enhanced to avoid intracellular acidification. Exposure to itaconic acid affected the amino acid uptake and metabolism as revealed by the strong intracellular accumulation of lysine, threonine, histidine, aspartate, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, cysteine and methionine. In the proteome, itaconic acid caused widespread S-bacillithiolation and S-itaconation of redox-sensitive antioxidant and metabolic enzymes, ribosomal proteins and translation factors in S. aureus, supporting its oxidative and electrophilic mode of action in S. aureus. In phenotype analyses, the catalase KatA, the low molecular weight thiol bacillithiol and the urease provided protection against itaconic acid-induced oxidative and acid stress in S. aureus. Altogether, our results revealed that under physiological infection conditions, such as in the acidic phagolysome, itaconic acid is a highly effective antimicrobial against multi-resistant S. aureus isolates, which acts as weak acid causing an acid, oxidative and electrophilic stress response, leading to S-bacillithiolation and itaconation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Van Loi
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology-Microbiology, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Busche
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Benno Kuropka
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Müller
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology-Microbiology, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Haike Antelmann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology-Microbiology, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Dutschei T, Beidler I, Bartosik D, Seeßelberg JM, Teune M, Bäumgen M, Ferreira SQ, Heldmann J, Nagel F, Krull J, Berndt L, Methling K, Hein M, Becher D, Langer P, Delcea M, Lalk M, Lammers M, Höhne M, Hehemann JH, Schweder T, Bornscheuer UT. Marine Bacteroidetes enzymatically digest xylans from terrestrial plants. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:1713-1727. [PMID: 37121608 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Marine Bacteroidetes that degrade polysaccharides contribute to carbon cycling in the ocean. Organic matter, including glycans from terrestrial plants, might enter the oceans through rivers. Whether marine bacteria degrade structurally related glycans from diverse sources including terrestrial plants and marine algae was previously unknown. We show that the marine bacterium Flavimarina sp. Hel_I_48 encodes two polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) which degrade xylans from terrestrial plants and marine algae. Biochemical experiments revealed activity and specificity of the encoded xylanases and associated enzymes of these PULs. Proteomics indicated that these genomic regions respond to glucuronoxylans and arabinoxylans. Substrate specificities of key enzymes suggest dedicated metabolic pathways for xylan utilization. Some of the xylanases were active on different xylans with the conserved β-1,4-linked xylose main chain. Enzyme activity was consistent with growth curves showing Flavimarina sp. Hel_I_48 uses structurally different xylans. The observed abundance of related xylan-degrading enzyme repertoires in genomes of other marine Bacteroidetes indicates similar activities are common in the ocean. The here presented data show that certain marine bacteria are genetically and biochemically variable enough to access parts of structurally diverse xylans from terrestrial plants as well as from marine algal sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Dutschei
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Irena Beidler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Bartosik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V., Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia-Maria Seeßelberg
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michelle Teune
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Bäumgen
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Soraia Querido Ferreira
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Heldmann
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Nagel
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joris Krull
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V., Greifswald, Germany
- Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Leona Berndt
- Department of Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Hein
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mihaela Delcea
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- Department of Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Höhne
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V., Greifswald, Germany
- Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V., Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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3
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von Haugwitz G, Han X, Pfaff L, Li Q, Wei H, Gao J, Methling K, Ao Y, Brack Y, Mican J, Feiler CG, Weiss MS, Bednar D, Palm GJ, Lalk M, Lammers M, Damborsky J, Weber G, Liu W, Bornscheuer UT, Wei R. Structural Insights into (Tere)phthalate-Ester Hydrolysis by a Carboxylesterase and Its Role in Promoting PET Depolymerization. ACS Catal 2022; 12:15259-15270. [PMID: 36570084 PMCID: PMC9764356 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
TfCa, a promiscuous carboxylesterase from Thermobifida fusca, was found to hydrolyze polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation intermediates such as bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) and mono-(2-hydroxyethyl)-terephthalate (MHET). In this study, we elucidated the structures of TfCa in its apo form, as well as in complex with a PET monomer analogue and with BHET. The structure-function relationship of TfCa was investigated by comparing its hydrolytic activity on various ortho- and para-phthalate esters of different lengths. Structure-guided rational engineering of amino acid residues in the substrate-binding pocket resulted in the TfCa variant I69W/V376A (WA), which showed 2.6-fold and 3.3-fold higher hydrolytic activity on MHET and BHET, respectively, than the wild-type enzyme. TfCa or its WA variant was mixed with a mesophilic PET depolymerizing enzyme variant [Ideonella sakaiensis PETase (IsPETase) PM] to degrade PET substrates of various crystallinity. The dual enzyme system with the wild-type TfCa or its WA variant produced up to 11-fold and 14-fold more terephthalate (TPA) than the single IsPETase PM, respectively. In comparison to the recently published chimeric fusion protein of IsPETase and MHETase, our system requires 10% IsPETase and one-fourth of the reaction time to yield the same amount of TPA under similar PET degradation conditions. Our simple dual enzyme system reveals further advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness and catalytic efficiency since it does not require time-consuming and expensive cross-linking and immobilization approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlis von Haugwitz
- Department
of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Xu Han
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China,National
Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Lara Pfaff
- Department
of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Qian Li
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China,National
Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hongli Wei
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China,National
Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China,National
Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Karen Methling
- Department
of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yufei Ao
- Department
of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany,University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yannik Brack
- Department
of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Mican
- Loschmidt
Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty
of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/C13, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic,International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s
University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christian G. Feiler
- Macromolecular
Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Alber-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred S. Weiss
- Macromolecular
Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Alber-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Bednar
- Loschmidt
Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty
of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/C13, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic,International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s
University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gottfried J. Palm
- Department
of Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Department
of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- Department
of Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Loschmidt
Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty
of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/C13, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic,International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s
University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gert Weber
- Macromolecular
Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Alber-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Weidong Liu
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China,National
Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China,University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China,
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department
of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany,
| | - Ren Wei
- Department
of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany,
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4
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Jagirdar G, Elsner M, Scharf C, Simm S, Borucki K, Peter D, Lalk M, Methling K, Linnebacher M, Krohn M, Wolke C, Lendeckel U. Corrigendum: Re-expression of tafazzin isoforms in TAZ-deficient C6 glioma cells restores cardiolipin composition but not proliferation rate and alterations in gene expression. Front Genet 2022; 13:1009773. [PMID: 36105087 PMCID: PMC9465407 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1009773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Jagirdar
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Elsner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Scharf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Simm
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Peter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology, and Immunotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mathias Krohn
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology, and Immunotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carmen Wolke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- *Correspondence: Uwe Lendeckel,
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5
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Rath A, Rautenschlein S, Rzeznitzeck J, Lalk M, Methling K, Rychlik I, Peh E, Kittler S, Waldmann KH, von Altrock A. Investigation on the colonisation of Campylobacter strains in the pig intestine depending on available metabolites. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 88:101865. [PMID: 35914481 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter (C.) spp. represent one of the most important causes for food-borne bacterial pathogen in humans worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate metabolic requirements of two Campylobacter strains of different species based on substrate utilisation (in vitro). Based on these results, a correlation between the colonisation and the available substrates in different intestinal sections was recorded using an animal model. Campylobacter coli (ST-5777) and C. jejuni (ST-122) were used to inoculate 16 pigs, respectively, and one group of 16 pigs was used as control. The strains differed significantly in substrate utilisation - C. coli was able to metabolise various substrates (acetate, asparagine, serine, fucose, and propionate), while C. jejuni only utilised serine. Metabolomic analysis of intestinal content from different gut sections showed the presence of all previously tested metabolites, except for fucose. A significantly larger amount of glucose was found in the jejunum of those pigs infected with C. coli, while neither strain utilised it in vitro. The analysis of the intestinal contents revealed a very low proportion of Campylobacterales in the total microbiome, suggesting that the small percentage of the inoculated Campylobacter strains in the gut microflora of the animals is too low to cause differences between the control and infected groups in the composition of the metabolome. Nevertheless, knowledge of specific nutritional requirements of the pathogens combined with proof of different metabolites in the intestinal segments may provide clues about the site of colonisation in the host and improve our understanding of this zoonotic germ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rath
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Janina Rzeznitzeck
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elisa Peh
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Waldmann
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra von Altrock
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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6
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Jagirdar G, Elsner M, Scharf C, Simm S, Borucki K, Peter D, Lalk M, Methling K, Linnebacher M, Krohn M, Wolke C, Lendeckel U. Re-Expression of Tafazzin Isoforms in TAZ-Deficient C6 Glioma Cells Restores Cardiolipin Composition but Not Proliferation Rate and Alterations in Gene Expression. Front Genet 2022; 13:931017. [PMID: 35957687 PMCID: PMC9358009 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.931017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tafazzin—an acyltransferase—is involved in cardiolipin (CL) remodeling. CL is associated with mitochondrial function, structure and more recently with cell proliferation. Various tafazzin isoforms exist in humans. The role of these isoforms in cardiolipin remodeling is unknown. Aim of this study was to investigate if specific isoforms like Δ5 can restore the wild type phenotype with respect to CL composition, cellular proliferation and gene expression profile. In addition, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanism by which tafazzin can modulate gene expression by applying promoter analysis and (Ingenuity Pathway Analyis) IPA to genes regulated by TAZ-deficiency. Expression of Δ5 and rat full length TAZ in C6-TAZ- cells could fully restore CL composition and—as proven for Δ5—this is naturally associated with restoration of mitochondrial respiration. A similar restoration of CL-composition could not be observed after re-expression of an enzymatically dead full-length rat TAZ (H69L; TAZMut). Re-expression of only rat full length TAZ could restore proliferation rate. Surprisingly, the Δ5 variant failed to restore wild-type proliferation. Further, as expected, re-expression of the TAZMut variant completely failed to reverse the gene expression changes, whereas re-expression of the TAZ-FL variant largely did so and the Δ5 variant to somewhat less extent. Very likely TAZ-deficiency provokes substantial long-lasting changes in cellular lipid metabolism which contribute to changes in proliferation and gene expression, and are not or only very slowly reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Jagirdar
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Elsner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Scharf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Simm
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Peter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology, and Immunotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mathias Krohn
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology, and Immunotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carmen Wolke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- *Correspondence: Uwe Lendeckel,
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7
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Rzeznitzeck J, Hoerr FJ, Rychlik I, Methling K, Lalk M, Rath A, von Altrock A, Rautenschlein S. Morphology, microbiota, and metabolome along the intestinal tract of female turkeys. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102046. [PMID: 36130451 PMCID: PMC9489512 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Rzeznitzeck
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexandra Rath
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants and Forensic Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra von Altrock
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants and Forensic Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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8
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Schultz D, Cuypers F, Skorka SB, Rockstroh J, Gesell Salazar M, Krieger J, Albrecht D, Völker U, Hammerschmidt S, Lalk M, Siemens N, Methling K. Bioactive lipid screening during respiratory tract infections with bacterial and viral pathogens in mice. Metabolomics 2022; 18:39. [PMID: 35687250 PMCID: PMC9185708 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory tract infections are a worldwide health problem for humans and animals. Different cell types produce lipid mediators in response to infections, which consist of eicosanoids like hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) or oxylipins like hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (HDHAs). Both substance classes possess immunomodulatory functions. However, little is known about their role in respiratory infections. OBJECTIVES Here, we aimed to analyze the lipid mediator imprint of different organs of C57BL/6J mice after intranasal mono-infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Staphylococcus aureus or Influenza A virus (IAV) as wells as pneumococcal-IAV co-infection. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were infected with different pathogens and lungs, spleen, and plasma were collected. Lipid mediators were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. In addition, spatial-distribution of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide 1-phosphates (C1P) in tissue samples was examined using MALDI-MS-Imaging. The presence of bacterial pathogens in the lung was confirmed via immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS We found IAV specific changes for different HDHAs and HETEs in mouse lungs as well as enhanced levels of 20-HETE in severe S. aureus infection. Moreover, MALDI-MS-Imaging analysis showed an accumulation of C1P and a decrease of S1P during co-infection in lung and spleen. Long chain C1P was enriched in the red and not in the white pulp of the spleen. CONCLUSIONS Lipid mediator analysis showed that host synthesis of bioactive lipids is in part specific for a certain pathogen, in particular for IAV infection. Furthermore, MS-Imaging displayed great potential to study infections and revealed changes of S1P and C1P in lungs and spleen of co-infected animals, which was not described before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schultz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fabian Cuypers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian B Skorka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Rockstroh
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Jakob Krieger
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dirk Albrecht
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nikolai Siemens
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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9
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Brott S, Thomas F, Behrens M, Methling K, Bartosik D, Dutschei T, Lalk M, Michel G, Schweder T, Bornscheuer U. Connecting algal polysaccharide degradation to formaldehyde detoxification. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200269. [PMID: 35561127 PMCID: PMC9400963 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is a toxic metabolite that is formed in large quantities during bacterial utilization of the methoxy sugar 6‐O‐methyl‐d‐galactose, an abundant monosaccharide in the red algal polysaccharide porphyran. Marine bacteria capable of metabolizing porphyran must therefore possess suitable detoxification systems for formaldehyde. We demonstrate here that detoxification of formaldehyde in the marine Flavobacterium Zobellia galactanivorans proceeds via the ribulose monophosphate pathway. Simultaneously, we show that the genes encoding the key enzymes of this pathway are important for maintaining high formaldehyde resistance. Additionally, these genes are upregulated in the presence of porphyran, allowing us to connect porphyran degradation to the detoxification of formed formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Brott
- Universität Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | | | - Maike Behrens
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Karen Methling
- Universität Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Daniel Bartosik
- Universität Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Theresa Dutschei
- Universität Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Michael Lalk
- Universität Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Universite, Station Biologique de Roscoff, FRANCE
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Universität Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Uwe Bornscheuer
- Greifswald University, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, GERMANY
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Greinacher A, Schönborn L, Siegerist F, Steil L, Palankar R, Handtke S, Reder A, Thiele T, Aurich K, Methling K, Lalk M, Völker U, Endlich N. Pathogenesis of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). Semin Hematol 2022; 59:97-107. [PMID: 35512907 PMCID: PMC8863951 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT; synonym, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, is associated with high-titer immunoglobulin G antibodies directed against platelet factor 4 (PF4). These antibodies activate platelets via platelet FcγIIa receptors, with platelet activation greatly enhanced by PF4. Here we summarize the current concepts in the pathogenesis of VITT. We first address parallels between heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and VITT, and provide recent findings on binding of PF4 to adenovirus particles and non-assembled adenovirus proteins in the 2 adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccines, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and Ad26.COV2.S. Further, we discuss the potential role of vaccine constituents such as glycosaminoglycans, EDTA, polysorbate 80, human cell-line proteins and nucleotides as potential binding partners of PF4. The immune response towards PF4 in VITT is likely triggered by a proinflammatory milieu. Human cell-line proteins, non-assembled virus proteins, and potentially EDTA may contribute to the proinflammatory state. The transient nature of the immune response towards PF4 in VITT makes it likely that-as in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia -marginal zone B cells are key for antibody production. Once high-titer anti-PF4 antibodies have been formed 5 to 20 days after vaccination, they activate platelets and granulocytes. Activated granulocytes undergo NETosis and the released DNA also forms complexes with PF4, which fuels the Fcγ receptor-dependent cell activation process, ultimately leading to massive thrombin generation. Finally, we summarize our initial observations indicating that VITT-like antibodies might also be present in rare patients with recurrent venous and arterial thrombotic complications, independent of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Greinacher
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany,Corresponding author: Prof. Dr Andreas Greinacher, Institut für Transfusions medizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany. Tel: +49 383 486 5482; fax: +49 383 486 5489
| | - Linda Schönborn
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Siegerist
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leif Steil
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Raghavendra Palankar
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Handtke
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Reder
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Thiele
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Konstanze Aurich
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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11
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Surabhi S, Jachmann LH, Lalk M, Hammerschmidt S, Methling K, Siemens N. Bronchial Epithelial Cells Accumulate Citrate Intracellularly in Response to Pneumococcal Hydrogen Peroxide. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2971-2978. [PMID: 34623132 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract caused by various viral and bacterial pathogens, including influenza A virus (IAV), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. To understand the disease pathology, it is important to delineate host metabolic responses to an infection. In this study, metabolome profiling of mono- and coinfected human bronchial epithelial cells was performed. We show that IAV and S. aureus silently survive within the cells with almost negligible effects on the host metabolome. In contrast, S. pneumoniae significantly altered various host pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and amino acid metabolism. Intracellular citrate accumulation was the most prominent signature of pneumococcal infections and was directly attributed to the action of pneumococci-derived hydrogen peroxide. No coinfection specific metabolome signatures were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Surabhi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, University of Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lana H. Jachmann
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, University of Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, University of Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nikolai Siemens
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, University of Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
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12
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Gierse LC, Meene A, Schultz D, Schwaiger T, Schröder C, Mücke P, Zühlke D, Hinzke T, Wang H, Methling K, Kreikemeyer B, Bernhardt J, Becher D, Mettenleiter TC, Lalk M, Urich T, Riedel K. Influenza A H1N1 Induced Disturbance of the Respiratory and Fecal Microbiome of German Landrace Pigs - a Multi-Omics Characterization. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0018221. [PMID: 34612695 PMCID: PMC8510242 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00182-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza outbreaks represent a large burden for the health care system as well as the economy. While the role of the microbiome has been elucidated in the context of various diseases, the impact of respiratory viral infections on the human microbiome is largely unknown. In this study, swine was used as an animal model to characterize the temporal dynamics of the respiratory and gastrointestinal microbiome in response to an influenza A virus (IAV) infection. A multi-omics approach was applied on fecal samples to identify alterations in microbiome composition and function during IAV infection. We observed significantly altered microbial richness and diversity in the gastrointestinal microbiome after IAV infection. In particular, increased abundances of Prevotellaceae were detected, while Clostridiaceae and Lachnospiraceae decreased. Moreover, our metaproteomics data indicated that the functional composition of the microbiome was heavily affected by the influenza infection. For instance, we identified decreased amounts of flagellin, correlating with reduced abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiaceae, possibly indicating involvement of a direct immune response toward flagellated Clostridia during IAV infection. Furthermore, enzymes involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis were identified in higher abundances, while metabolome analyses revealed rather stable concentrations of SCFAs. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize effects on the composition and natural development of the upper respiratory tract microbiome. Our results showed that IAV infection resulted in significant changes in the abundance of Moraxellaceae and Pasteurellaceae in the upper respiratory tract. Surprisingly, temporal development of the respiratory microbiome structure was not affected. IMPORTANCE Here, we used swine as a biomedical model to elucidate the impact of influenza A H1N1 infection on structure and function of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract microbiome by employing a multi-omics analytical approach. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the temporal development of the porcine microbiome and to provide insights into the functional capacity of the gastrointestinal microbiome during influenza A virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Meene
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Schultz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Theresa Schwaiger
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schröder
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pierre Mücke
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniela Zühlke
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tjorven Hinzke
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V., Greifswald, Germany
| | - Haitao Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jörg Bernhardt
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tim Urich
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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13
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Schulz A, Methling K, Lalk M, Eisenbarth A, Keller M, Groschup MH. Ethanol inactivation of orthonairoviruses in ixodid ticks. Exp Appl Acarol 2021; 85:75-81. [PMID: 34542738 PMCID: PMC8486713 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00656-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ixodid ticks represent vectors and reservoirs for a broad range of zoonotic pathogens. Collected ticks from field studies are therefore usually stored in ethanol, which in higher concentrations effectively inactivates most of the known tick-borne pathogens. Although commonly practiced as gold standard for inactivation, hardly any scientific data demonstrate that ethanol sufficiently penetrates the comparatively thick cuticula of ticks. Therefore, Amblyomma hebraeum tick pools were stored for 21 days in ethanol (96%). Afterwards, the ethanol was removed and the ticks were homogenized. Quantitative 1H-NMR spectroscopic analysis was applied to determine the residual concentration of ethanol inside the ticks. 1H-NMR spectroscopic analysis revealed that ethanol constituted 28.3-42.6 mg of the total weight of three ticks in the pools (89.9-121.5 mg). In addition, the low-pathogenic Hazara orthonairovirus (HAZV) was used as a cell culture model for this study. The virus was exposed to ethanol concentrations between 0 and 60% and incubated under various temperature conditions for four time periods. Afterwards, the residual virus infectivity was determined by titration. Following ethanol exposure, HAZV did not grow in cells after 9 h of exposure to an ethanol concentration of 25%. These results demonstrate an extremely low ethanol resistance of the virus, which was generally in line with previously reported ethanol inactivation data for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV). After prolonged storage and impregnation, comparable ethanol concentrations are achieved in the ticks, indicating the suitability of this inactivation method also for Bunyaviruses in ticks. At the very least, a massive virus inactivation can be assumed. Definitive proof of virus inactivation would require a bioassay of ethanol-treated infected ticks under appropriate biosafety conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schulz
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - K Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Eisenbarth
- Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Hamburg, Abt. XXI, Außenstelle BNITM, Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Keller
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - M H Groschup
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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14
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Gierse LC, Meene A, Schultz D, Schwaiger T, Karte C, Schröder C, Wang H, Wünsche C, Methling K, Kreikemeyer B, Fuchs S, Bernhardt J, Becher D, Lalk M, Study Group K, Urich T, Riedel K. A Multi-Omics Protocol for Swine Feces to Elucidate Longitudinal Dynamics in Microbiome Structure and Function. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121887. [PMID: 33260576 PMCID: PMC7760263 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine are regarded as promising biomedical models, but the dynamics of their gastrointestinal microbiome have been much less investigated than that of humans or mice. The aim of this study was to establish an integrated multi-omics protocol to investigate the fecal microbiome of healthy swine. To this end, a preparation and analysis protocol including integrated sample preparation for meta-omics analyses of deep-frozen feces was developed. Subsequent data integration linked microbiome composition with function, and metabolic activity with protein inventories, i.e., 16S rRNA data and expressed proteins, and identified proteins with corresponding metabolites. 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metaproteomics analyses revealed a fecal microbiome dominated by Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Clostridiaceae. Similar microbiome compositions in feces and colon, but not ileum samples, were observed, showing that feces can serve as minimal-invasive proxy for porcine colon microbiomes. Longitudinal dynamics in composition, e.g., temporal decreased abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Streptococcaceae during the experiment, were not reflected in microbiome function. Instead, metaproteomics and metabolomics showed a rather stable functional state, as evident from short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) profiles and associated metaproteome functions, pointing towards functional redundancy among microbiome constituents. In conclusion, our pipeline generates congruent data from different omics approaches on the taxonomy and functionality of the intestinal microbiome of swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurin Christopher Gierse
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Alexander Meene
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Schultz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (D.S.); (K.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Theresa Schwaiger
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (T.S.); (C.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Claudia Karte
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (T.S.); (C.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Charlotte Schröder
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (T.S.); (C.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Haitao Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Christine Wünsche
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (D.S.); (K.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 70, 18055 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Stephan Fuchs
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Robert Koch Institute Wernigerode, Burgstraße 37, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany;
| | - Jörg Bernhardt
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (D.S.); (K.M.); (M.L.)
| | | | - Tim Urich
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.U.); (K.R.); Tel.: +49-3834-420-5904 (T.U.); +49-3834-420-5900 (K.R.)
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.U.); (K.R.); Tel.: +49-3834-420-5904 (T.U.); +49-3834-420-5900 (K.R.)
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15
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Volzke J, Schultz D, Kordt M, Müller M, Bergmann W, Methling K, Kreikemeyer B, Müller-Hilke B. Inflammatory Joint Disease Is a Risk Factor for Streptococcal Sepsis and Septic Arthritis in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:579475. [PMID: 33117382 PMCID: PMC7576673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic arthritis is a medical emergency associated with high morbidity and mortality, yet hardly any novel advances exist for its clinical management. Despite septic arthritis being a global health burden, experimental data uncovering its etiopathogenesis remain scarce. In particular, any interplay between septic arthritis and preceding joint diseases are unknown as is the contribution of the synovial membrane to the onset of inflammation. Using C57BL/6 mice as a model to study sepsis, we discovered that Group A Streptococcus (GAS) – an important pathogen causing septic arthritis - was able to invade the articular microenvironment. Bacterial invasion resulted in the infiltration of immune cells and detrimental inflammation. In vitro infected fibroblast-like synoviocytes induced the expression of chemokines (Ccl2, Cxcl2), inflammatory cytokines (Tnf, Il6), and integrin ligands (ICAM-1, VCAM-1). Apart from orchestrating immune cell attraction and retention, synoviocytes also upregulated mediators impacting on bone remodeling (Rankl) and cartilage integrity (Mmp13). Using collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 × B10.Q F1 mice, we could show that an inflammatory joint disease exacerbated subsequent septic arthritis which was associated with an excessive release of cytokines and eicosanoids. Importantly, the severity of joint inflammation controlled the extent of bone erosions during septic arthritis. In order to ameliorate septic arthritis, our results suggest that targeting synoviocytes might be a promising approach when treating patients with inflammatory joint disease for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Volzke
- Core Facility for Cell Sorting and Cell Analysis, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Schultz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcel Kordt
- Core Facility for Cell Sorting and Cell Analysis, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Core Facility for Cell Sorting and Cell Analysis, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wendy Bergmann
- Core Facility for Cell Sorting and Cell Analysis, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Müller-Hilke
- Core Facility for Cell Sorting and Cell Analysis, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Leonard A, Möhlis K, Schlüter R, Taylor E, Lalk M, Methling K. Exploring metabolic adaptation of Streptococcus pneumoniae to antibiotics. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:441-454. [PMID: 32210362 PMCID: PMC7292801 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the common causes of community acquired pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. Analyzing the metabolic adaptation toward environmental stress conditions improves our understanding of its pathophysiology and its dependency on host-derived nutrients. In this study, extra- and intracellular metabolic profiles were evaluated to investigate the impact of antimicrobial compounds targeting different pathways of the metabolome of S. pneumoniae TIGR4Δcps. For the metabolomics approach, we analyzed the complex variety of metabolites by using 1H NMR, HPLC-MS, and GC–MS as different analytical techniques. Through this combination, we detected nearly 120 metabolites. For each antimicrobial compound, individual metabolic effects were detected that often comprised global biosynthetic pathways. Cefotaxime altered amino acids metabolism and carbon metabolism. The purine and pyrimidine metabolic pathways were mostly affected by moxifloxacin treatment. The combination of cefotaxime and azithromycin intensified the stress response compared with the use of the single antibiotic. However, we observed that three cell wall metabolites were altered only by treatment with the combination of the two antibiotics. Only moxifloxacin stress-induced alternation in CDP-ribitol concentration. Teixobactin-Arg10 resulted in global changes of pneumococcal metabolism. To meet the growing requirements for new antibiotics, our metabolomics approach has shown to be a promising complement to other OMICs investigations allowing insights into the mode of action of novel antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Leonard
- Institute for Biochemistry, Metabolomics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kevin Möhlis
- Institute for Biochemistry, Metabolomics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Imaging Center of the Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, F.-L-Jahn-Str. 15, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Edward Taylor
- University of Lincoln, School of Life Sciences, Green Lane, LN67DL, Lincoln, England, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute for Biochemistry, Metabolomics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute for Biochemistry, Metabolomics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
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17
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Sousa J, Westhoff P, Methling K, Lalk M. The Absence of Pyruvate Kinase Affects Glucose-Dependent Carbon Catabolite Repression in Bacillus subtilis. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100216. [PMID: 31590319 PMCID: PMC6835821 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate is a key intermediate of diverse metabolic pathways of central carbon metabolism. In addition to being the end product of glycolysis, pyruvate is an essential carbon distribution point to oxidative metabolism, amino acid and fatty acid syntheses, and overflow metabolite production. Hence, a tight regulation of pyruvate kinase (Pyk) activity is of great importance. This study aimed to analyze targeted metabolites from several pathways and possible changes in Bacillus subtilis lacking Pyk. Wild type and Δpyk cells were cultivated in chemically defined medium with glucose and pyruvate as carbon sources, and the extracted metabolites were analyzed by 1H-NMR, GC-MS, HPLC-MS, and LC-MS/MS. The results showed that the perturbation created in the pyruvate node drove an adaptation to new conditions by altering the nutritional compounds’ consumption. In Δpyk, pyruvate, which is subject to glucose-dependent carbon catabolite repression, did not comply with the hierarchy in carbon source utilization. Other metabolic alterations were observed such as the higher secretion of the overflow metabolites acetoin and 2,3-butanediol by Δpyk. Our results help to elucidate the regulatory transport of glucose and pyruvate in B. subtilis and possible metabolic reroute to alternative pathways in the absence of Pyk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Sousa
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
- Innovayt S/A, Av. João Paulo II 30, 4715-213 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Philipp Westhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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18
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Schultz D, Methling K, Rothe M, Lalk M. Eicosanoid Profile of Influenza A Virus Infected Pigs. Metabolites 2019; 9:E130. [PMID: 31277231 PMCID: PMC6680658 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9070130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections caused by the Influenza A virus (IAV) are a worldwide problem for human and animal health. Within this study, we analyzed the impact of IAV infection on the immune-related lipidome (eicosanoids) of the pig as new infection model. For this purpose, we performed HPLC-MS/MS using dynamic multiple reaction monitoring and analyzed lung, spleen, blood plasma and bronchoalveolar lavages. IAV infection leads to collective changes in the levels of the analyzed hydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (HETEs), hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (HDHAs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and moreover, unique eicosanoid changes in several sample types, even under mild infection conditions. In accordance with different mouse infection studies, we observed infection-related patterns for 12-HETE, 15-HETE and 17-HDHA, which seem to be common for IAV infection. Using a long-term approach of 21 days we established an experimental setup that can be used also for bacterial-viral coinfection experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schultz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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19
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Ponsuksili S, Trakooljul N, Hadlich F, Methling K, Lalk M, Murani E, Wimmers K. Genetic Regulation of Liver Metabolites and Transcripts Linking to Biochemical-Clinical Parameters. Front Genet 2019; 10:348. [PMID: 31057604 PMCID: PMC6478805 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the central metabolic role of the liver, hepatic metabolites and transcripts reflect the organismal physiological state. Biochemical-clinical plasma biomarkers, hepatic metabolites, transcripts, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes of some 300 pigs were integrated by weighted correlation networks and genome-wide association analyses. Network-based approaches of transcriptomic and metabolomics data revealed linked of transcripts and metabolites of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). This finding was evidenced by using a NADP/NADPH assay and HDAC4 and G6PD transcript quantification with the latter coding for first limiting enzyme of this pathway and by RNAi knockdown experiments of HDAC4. Other transcripts including ARG2 and SLC22A7 showed link to amino acids and biomarkers. The amino acid metabolites were linked with transcripts of immune or acute phase response signaling, whereas the carbohydrate metabolites were highly enrich in cholesterol biosynthesis transcripts. Genome-wide association analyses revealed 180 metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTL) (p < 10-4). Trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (p = 6 × 10-9), being strongly correlated with plasma creatinine (CREA), showed strongest association with SNPs on chromosome 6 that had pleiotropic effects on PRODH2 expression as revealed by multivariate analysis. Consideration of shared marker association with biomarkers, metabolites, and transcripts revealed 144 SNPs associated with 44 metabolites and 69 transcripts that are correlated with each other, representing 176 mQTL and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). This is the first work to report genetic variants associated with liver metabolite and transcript levels as well as blood biochemical-clinical parameters in a healthy porcine model. The identified associations provide links between variation at the genome, transcriptome, and metabolome level molecules with clinically relevant phenotypes. This approach has the potential to detect novel biomarkers displaying individual variation and promoting predictive biology in medicine and animal breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Functional Genome Analysis Research Unit, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Functional Genome Analysis Research Unit, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Functional Genome Analysis Research Unit, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute for Biochemistry - Metabolomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute for Biochemistry - Metabolomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Functional Genome Analysis Research Unit, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Functional Genome Analysis Research Unit, Dummerstorf, Germany.,Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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20
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Viana F, Paz LC, Methling K, Damgaard CF, Lalk M, Schramm A, Lund MB. Distinct effects of the nephridial symbionts Verminephrobacter and Candidatus Nephrothrix on reproduction and maturation of its earthworm host Eisenia andrei. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:4768062. [PMID: 29272384 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Verminephrobacter, the most common specific symbionts in the nephridia (excretory organs) of lumbricid earthworms, have been shown to improve reproduction of the garden earthworm Aporrectodea tuberculata under nutrient limitation. It is unknown how general this beneficial trait is in the Verminephrobacter-earthworm symbiosis, whether other nephridial symbionts also affect host fitness and what the mechanism of the fitness increase is. Here we report beneficial effects of Verminephrobacter and Candidatus Nephrothrix on life history traits of the compost worm Eisenia andrei, which in addition to these two symbionts also hosts Agromyces-like bacteria in its mixed nephridial community: while growth was identical between control, Verminephrobacter-free and aposymbiotic worms, control worms produced significantly more cocoons and offspring than both Verminephrobacter-free and aposymbiotic worms, confirming the reproductive benefit of Verminephrobacter in a second host with different ecology and feeding behavior. Furthermore, worms with Verminephrobacter and Ca. Nephrothrix, or with only Ca. Nephrothrix present, reached sexual maturity significantly earlier than aposymbiotic worms; this is the first evidence for a beneficial role of Ca. Nephrothrix in earthworms. Riboflavin content in cocoons and whole earthworms was unaffected by the presence or absence of nephridial symbionts, suggesting that nutritional supplementation with this vitamin does not play a major role in this symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Viana
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura-Carlota Paz
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian F Damgaard
- Section for Plant and Insect Ecology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Schramm
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie B Lund
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Shaulov Y, Shimokawa C, Trebicz-Geffen M, Nagaraja S, Methling K, Lalk M, Weiss-Cerem L, Lamm AT, Hisaeda H, Ankri S. Escherichia coli mediated resistance of Entamoeba histolytica to oxidative stress is triggered by oxaloacetate. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007295. [PMID: 30308066 PMCID: PMC6181410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amebiasis, a global intestinal parasitic disease, is due to Entamoeba histolytica. This parasite, which feeds on bacteria in the large intestine of its human host, can trigger a strong inflammatory response upon invasion of the colonic mucosa. Whereas information about the mechanisms which are used by the parasite to cope with oxidative and nitrosative stresses during infection is available, knowledge about the contribution of bacteria to these mechanisms is lacking. In a recent study, we demonstrated that enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O55 protects E. histolytica against oxidative stress. Resin-assisted capture (RAC) of oxidized (OX) proteins coupled to mass spectrometry (OX-RAC) was used to investigate the oxidation status of cysteine residues in proteins present in E. histolytica trophozoites incubated with live or heat-killed E. coli O55 and then exposed to H2O2-mediated oxidative stress. We found that the redox proteome of E. histolytica exposed to heat-killed E. coli O55 is enriched with proteins involved in redox homeostasis, lipid metabolism, small molecule metabolism, carbohydrate derivative metabolism, and organonitrogen compound biosynthesis. In contrast, we found that proteins associated with redox homeostasis were the only OX-proteins that were enriched in E. histolytica trophozoites which were incubated with live E. coli O55. These data indicate that E. coli has a profound impact on the redox proteome of E. histolytica. Unexpectedly, some E. coli proteins were also co-identified with E. histolytica proteins by OX-RAC. We demonstrated that one of these proteins, E. coli malate dehydrogenase (EcMDH) and its product, oxaloacetate, are key elements of E. coli-mediated resistance of E. histolytica to oxidative stress and that oxaloacetate helps the parasite survive in the large intestine. We also provide evidence that the protective effect of oxaloacetate against oxidative stress extends to Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Shaulov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa Israel
| | - Chikako Shimokawa
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Meirav Trebicz-Geffen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa Israel
| | - Shruti Nagaraja
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa Israel
| | - Karen Methling
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lea Weiss-Cerem
- Faculty of Biology, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayelet T. Lamm
- Faculty of Biology, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hajime Hisaeda
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Serge Ankri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa Israel
- * E-mail:
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22
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Leonard A, Gierok P, Methling K, Gómez-Mejia A, Hammerschmidt S, Lalk M. Metabolic inventory of Streptococcus pneumoniae growing in a chemical defined environment. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:705-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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23
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Zwicker P, Schultze N, Niehs S, Albrecht D, Methling K, Wurster M, Wachlin G, Lalk M, Lindequist U, Haertel B. Differential effects of Helenalin, an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactone, on the proteome, metabolome and the oxidative stress response in several immune cell types. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Zwicker P, Schultze N, Niehs S, Methling K, Wurster M, Albrecht D, Bernhardt J, Wachlin G, Lalk M, Lindequist U, Haertel B. A proteomic approach for the identification of immunotoxic properties of Tulipalin A. Proteomics 2016; 16:2997-3008. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Zwicker
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University; Greifswald Germany
| | - Nadin Schultze
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University; Greifswald Germany
| | - Sarah Niehs
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Metabolism/Metabolomics; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University; Greifswald Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Metabolism/Metabolomics; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University; Greifswald Germany
| | - Martina Wurster
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Metabolism/Metabolomics; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University; Greifswald Germany
| | - Dirk Albrecht
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University; Greifswald Germany
| | - Jörg Bernhardt
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University; Greifswald Germany
| | - Gerhild Wachlin
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University; Greifswald Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Metabolism/Metabolomics; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University; Greifswald Germany
| | - Ulrike Lindequist
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University; Greifswald Germany
| | - Beate Haertel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University; Greifswald Germany
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25
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Shahi P, Trebicz-Geffen M, Nagaraja S, Hertz R, Baumel-Alterzon S, Methling K, Lalk M, Mazumder M, Samudrala G, Ankri S. N-acetyl ornithine deacetylase is a moonlighting protein and is involved in the adaptation of Entamoeba histolytica to nitrosative stress. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36323. [PMID: 27808157 PMCID: PMC5093748 DOI: 10.1038/srep36323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of the Entamoeba histolytica parasite to toxic levels of nitric oxide (NO) that are produced by phagocytes may be essential for the establishment of chronic amebiasis and the parasite's survival in its host. In order to obtain insight into the mechanism of E. histolytica's adaptation to NO, E. histolytica trophozoites were progressively adapted to increasing concentrations of the NO donor drug, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) up to a concentration of 110 μM. The transcriptome of NO adapted trophozoites (NAT) was investigated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). N-acetyl ornithine deacetylase (NAOD) was among the 208 genes that were upregulated in NAT. NAOD catalyzes the deacetylation of N-acetyl-L-ornithine to yield ornithine and acetate. Here, we report that NAOD contributes to the better adaptation of the parasite to nitrosative stress (NS) and that this function does not depend on NAOD catalytic activity. We also demonstrated that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is detrimental to E. histolytica exposed to NS and that this detrimental effect is neutralized by NAOD or by a catalytically inactive NAOD (mNAOD). These results establish NAOD as a moonlighting protein, and highlight the unexpected role of this metabolic enzyme in the adaptation of the parasite to NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Shahi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O.B. 9649, 31096 Haifa Israel
| | - Meirav Trebicz-Geffen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O.B. 9649, 31096 Haifa Israel
| | - Shruti Nagaraja
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O.B. 9649, 31096 Haifa Israel
| | - Rivka Hertz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O.B. 9649, 31096 Haifa Israel
| | - Sharon Baumel-Alterzon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O.B. 9649, 31096 Haifa Israel
| | - Karen Methling
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mohit Mazumder
- Jawaharlal Nehru University School of Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Serge Ankri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O.B. 9649, 31096 Haifa Israel
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26
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Hoerr V, Duggan GE, Zbytnuik L, Poon KKH, Große C, Neugebauer U, Methling K, Löffler B, Vogel HJ. Characterization and prediction of the mechanism of action of antibiotics through NMR metabolomics. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:82. [PMID: 27159970 PMCID: PMC4862084 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria has reduced our ability to combat infectious diseases. At the same time the numbers of new antibiotics reaching the market have decreased. This situation has created an urgent need to discover novel antibiotic scaffolds. Recently, the application of pattern recognition techniques to identify molecular fingerprints in ‘omics’ studies, has emerged as an important tool in biomedical research and laboratory medicine to identify pathogens, to monitor therapeutic treatments or to develop drugs with improved metabolic stability, toxicological profile and efficacy. Here, we hypothesize that a combination of metabolic intracellular fingerprints and extracellular footprints would provide a more comprehensive picture about the mechanism of action of novel antibiotics in drug discovery programs. Results In an attempt to integrate the metabolomics approach as a classification tool in the drug discovery processes, we have used quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopy to study the metabolic response of Escherichia coli cultures to different antibiotics. Within the frame of our study the effects of five different and well-known antibiotic classes on the bacterial metabolome were investigated both by intracellular fingerprint and extracellular footprint analysis. The metabolic fingerprints and footprints of bacterial cultures were affected in a distinct manner and provided complementary information regarding intracellular and extracellular targets such as protein synthesis, DNA and cell wall. While cell cultures affected by antibiotics that act on intracellular targets showed class-specific fingerprints, the metabolic footprints differed significantly only when antibiotics that target the cell wall were applied. In addition, using a training set of E. coli fingerprints extracted after treatment with different antibiotic classes, the mode of action of streptomycin, tetracycline and carbenicillin could be correctly predicted. Conclusion The metabolic profiles of E. coli treated with antibiotics with intracellular and extracellular targets could be separated in fingerprint and footprint analysis, respectively and provided complementary information. Based on the specific fingerprints obtained for different classes of antibiotics, the mode of action of several antibiotics could be predicted. The same classification approach should be applicable to studies of other pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Hoerr
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Gavin E Duggan
- Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Lori Zbytnuik
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Karen K H Poon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Christina Große
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ute Neugebauer
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bettina Löffler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans J Vogel
- Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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27
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Siegmund W, Modess C, Scheuch E, Methling K, Keiser M, Nassif A, Rosskopf D, Bednarski PJ, Borlak J, Terhaag B. Metabolic activation and analgesic effect of flupirtine in healthy subjects, influence of the polymorphic NAT2, UGT1A1 and GSTP1. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 79:501-13. [PMID: 25264565 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The rare association of flupirtine with liver injury is most likely caused by reactive quinone diimines and their oxidative formation may be influenced by the activities of N-acetyltransferases (NAT) that conjugate the less toxic metabolite D13223, and by glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) that generate stable terminal glucuronides and mercapturic acid derivatives, respectively. The influence of genetic polymorphisms of NAT2, UGT1A1 and GSTP1 on generation of the terminal mercapturic acid derivatives and analgesic effects was evaluated to identify potential genetic risk factors for hepatotoxicity of flupirtine. METHODS Metabolic disposition of flupirtine was measured after intravenous administration (100 mg), after swallowing an immediate-release (IR) tablet (100 mg) and after repeated administration of modified release (MR) tablets (400 mg once daily 8 days) in 36 selected healthy subjects. Analgesic effects were measured using pain models (delayed onset of muscle soreness, electric pain). RESULTS Flupirtine IR was rapidly but incompletely absorbed (∼ 72%). Repeated administration of flupirtine MR showed lower bioavailability (∼ 60%). Approximately 12% of bioavailable flupirtine IR and 8% of bioavailable flupiritine MR was eliminated as mercapturic acid derivatives into the urine independent of the UGT1A1, NAT2 and GSTP1 genotype. Carriers of variant GSTP1 alleles showed lower bioavailability but increased intestinal secretion of flupirtine and increased efficiency in experimental pain. Flupirtine was not a substrate for ABCB1 and ABCC2. CONCLUSIONS Formation of mercapturic acid derivatives is a major elimination route for flupirtine in man. However, the theoretically toxic pathway is not influenced by the frequent polymorphisms of UGT1A1, NAT2 and GSTP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Siegmund
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Kumpfmüller J, Methling K, Fang L, Pfeifer BA, Lalk M, Schweder T. Production of the polyketide 6-deoxyerythronolide B in the heterologous host Bacillus subtilis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1209-1220. [PMID: 26432460 PMCID: PMC4717160 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyketides, such as erythromycin, are complex natural products with diverse therapeutic applications. They are synthesized by multi-modular megaenzymes, so-called polyketide synthases (PKSs). The macrolide core of erythromycin, 6-deoxyerythronolide B (6dEB), is produced by the deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) that consists of three proteins each with a size of 330–370 kDa. We cloned and investigated the expression of the corresponding gene cluster from Saccharopolyspora erythraea, which comprises more than 30 kb, in Bacillus subtilis. It is shown that the DEBS genes are functionally expressed in B. subtilis when the native eryAI–III operon was separated into three individual expression cassettes with optimized ribosomal binding sites. A synthesis of 6dEB could be detected by using the acetoin-inducible acoA promoter and a fed-batch simulating EnBase-cultivation strategy. B. subtilis was capable of the secretion of 6dEB into the medium. In order to improve the 6dEB production, several genomic modifications of this production strain were tested. This included the knockout of the native secondary metabolite clusters of B. subtilis for the synthesis of surfactin (26 kb), bacillaene (76 kb), and plipastatin (38 kb). It is revealed that the deletion of the prpBD operon, responsible for propionyl-CoA utilization, resulted in a significant increase of the 6dEB product yield when exogenous propionate is provided. Although the presented B. subtilis 6dEB production strain is not competitive with established Escherichia coli 6dEB production strains, the results of this study indicate that B. subtilis is a suitable heterologous host for the secretory production of a complex polyketide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kumpfmüller
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, 904 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260-4200, USA
| | - Blaine A Pfeifer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, 904 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260-4200, USA
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
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Zwicker P, Schultze N, Niehs S, Methling K, Wurster M, Bernhardt J, Drwal M, Nickel J, Dunkel M, Wachlin G, Lalk M, Preissner R, Lindequist U, Haertel B. An in vitro approach for evaluating the immunotoxic potential of Cannabidiol. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Schultze N, Zwicker P, Niehs S, Methling K, Wurster M, Bernhardt J, Drwa M, Nickel J, Dunkel M, Wachlin G, Lalk M, Preissner R, Lindequist U, Haertel B. Evaluation of the immunotoxic potential of Tulipalin A by a combination of functional in-vitro investigations and omics analyses. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pané-Farré CA, Alius MG, Modeß C, Methling K, Blumenthal T, Hamm AO. Anxiety sensitivity and expectation of arousal differentially affect the respiratory response to caffeine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:1931-9. [PMID: 25471197 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE This study aimed to test how expectations and anxiety sensitivity influence respiratory and autonomic responses to caffeine. OBJECTIVES The current study investigated the effects of expected vs. unexpected caffeine ingestion in a group of persons prone to the anxiety-provoking effect of caffeine (high anxiety sensitive persons, that is, persons scoring at least one SD above the mean on the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (Peterson and Reiss 1992)) as compared to low-anxious controls. METHODS Autonomic arousal (heart rate, skin conductance level), respiratory responding (expired CO2, minute ventilation), and subjective report were assessed in high and low anxiety sensitive participants immediately after beverage consumption and at absorption peak (30 min post-consumption) in four separate sessions during which either coffee (expectation of caffeine) or bitter lemon soda (no expectation of caffeine) was crossed with 4 mg/kg caffeine vs. no drug. RESULTS High and low anxiety sensitive persons showed comparable autonomic arousal and symptom reports to caffeine which was modulated by expectation, i.e., greater for coffee. Respiratory responding (CO2 decrease, minute ventilation increase) was more accentuated when caffeine was both expected and administered in the low anxiety sensitive group but more accentuated when caffeine was unexpectedly administered in the high anxiety sensitive group. Autonomic arousal and respiratory effects were observable within a few minutes after caffeine administration and were most pronounced at maximum absorption. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the modulating role of expectancies in respiratory responding to caffeine in low vs. high anxiety sensitive persons and might have important implications for the better understanding of unexpected panic attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane A Pané-Farré
- Department of Physiological and Clinical Psychology/Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Franz-Mehring-Str. 47, 17487, Greifswald, Germany,
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Scheuch E, Methling K, Bednarski PJ, Oswald S, Siegmund W. Quantitative LC-MS/MS determination of flupirtine, its N-acetylated and two mercapturic acid derivatives in man. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:377-85. [PMID: 25459937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The non-opiate analgesic drug flupirtine was shown in vitro to undergo hydrolysis followed by N-acetylation to form D13223, glucuronidation and conjugation with glutathione to form the stable mercapturic acid derivatives M-424 and M-466. To quantify flupirtine and its metabolites in samples obtained in a clinical study in healthy subjects selected on their genotype of NAT2, UGT1A1 and GSTP1, two LC-MS/MS methods were developed. The validation range for flupirtine and D-13223 in serum was 0.5-500 ng/ml. For urine and feces, the validation ranges for flupirtine and D-13223 were 20-5000 ng/ml and 5.0-5000 ng/ml, respectively. M-424 and M-466 could be quantified in urine between 5.0 and 5000 ng/ml. Free flupirtine and D-13223 were separated from serum, urine and feces with liquid-liquid extraction. For flupirtine and D-13223, the chromatography was performed on a XTerra C18 column isocratically with a mobile phase consisting of ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.5mM) and acetonitrile (50:50; v/v), for M-466 and M-424 a Synergi(®) Fusion-RP column was used and a linear gradient method with water/HCOOH (pH 3) and acetonitrile. The mass spectrometer operated both with electro spray ionization in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. The developed methods fulfilled the current FDA criteria on bioanalytical method validation for accuracy (error: -16.9 to 11.2%), precision (1.2-13.4%), recovery, stability and matrix effects over the observed analytical range. Thus, the methods were suitable to quantify flupirtine absorption and metabolic disposition in man after single intravenous and oral dosing (100mg) and repeated oral administration (400mg once daily).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Scheuch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (ES, WS) of the Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Karen Methling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (KM, PJB), University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Patrick J Bednarski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (KM, PJB), University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Oswald
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (ES, WS) of the Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Siegmund
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (ES, WS) of the Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
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Handtke S, Volland S, Methling K, Albrecht D, Becher D, Nehls J, Bongaerts J, Maurer KH, Lalk M, Liesegang H, Voigt B, Daniel R, Hecker M. Cell physiology of the biotechnological relevant bacterium Bacillus pumilus-an omics-based approach. J Biotechnol 2014; 192 Pt A:204-14. [PMID: 25281541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Members of the species Bacillus pumilus get more and more in focus of the biotechnological industry as potential new production strains. Based on exoproteome analysis, B. pumilus strain Jo2, possessing a high secretion capability, was chosen for an omics-based investigation. The proteome and metabolome of B. pumilus cells growing either in minimal or complex medium was analyzed. In total, 1542 proteins were identified in growing B. pumilus cells, among them 1182 cytosolic proteins, 297 membrane and lipoproteins and 63 secreted proteins. This accounts for about 43% of the 3616 proteins encoded in the B. pumilus Jo2 genome sequence. By using GC-MS, IP-LC/MS and H NMR methods numerous metabolites were analyzed and assigned to reconstructed metabolic pathways. In the genome sequence a functional secretion system including the components of the Sec- and Tat-secretion machinery was found. Analysis of the exoproteome revealed secretion of about 70 proteins with predicted secretion signals. In addition, selected production-relevant genome features such as restriction modification systems and NRPS clusters of B. pumilus Jo2 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Handtke
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Sonja Volland
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Dirk Albrecht
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Jenny Nehls
- Institute of Biochemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
| | | | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Heiko Liesegang
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Birgit Voigt
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Michael Hecker
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany.
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Handtke S, Schroeter R, Jürgen B, Methling K, Schlüter R, Albrecht D, van Hijum SAFT, Bongaerts J, Maurer KH, Lalk M, Schweder T, Hecker M, Voigt B. Bacillus pumilus reveals a remarkably high resistance to hydrogen peroxide provoked oxidative stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85625. [PMID: 24465625 PMCID: PMC3896406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus pumilus is characterized by a higher oxidative stress resistance than other comparable industrially relevant Bacilli such as B. subtilis or B. licheniformis. In this study the response of B. pumilus to oxidative stress was investigated during a treatment with high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide at the proteome, transcriptome and metabolome level. Genes/proteins belonging to regulons, which are known to have important functions in the oxidative stress response of other organisms, were found to be upregulated, such as the Fur, Spx, SOS or CtsR regulon. Strikingly, parts of the fundamental PerR regulon responding to peroxide stress in B. subtilis are not encoded in the B. pumilus genome. Thus, B. pumilus misses the catalase KatA, the DNA-protection protein MrgA or the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase AhpCF. Data of this study suggests that the catalase KatX2 takes over the function of the missing KatA in the oxidative stress response of B. pumilus. The genome-wide expression analysis revealed an induction of bacillithiol (Cys-GlcN-malate, BSH) relevant genes. An analysis of the intracellular metabolites detected high intracellular levels of this protective metabolite, which indicates the importance of bacillithiol in the peroxide stress resistance of B. pumilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Handtke
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schroeter
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Britta Jürgen
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dirk Albrecht
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sacha A. F. T. van Hijum
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and Division Processing and Safety, NIZO Food Research B.V., Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Hecker
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Birgit Voigt
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, Germany
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Mader D, Liebeke M, Winstel V, Methling K, Leibig M, Götz F, Lalk M, Peschel A. Role of N-terminal protein formylation in central metabolic processes in Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:7. [PMID: 23320528 PMCID: PMC3557171 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial protein biosynthesis usually depends on a formylated methionyl start tRNA but Staphylococcus aureus is viable in the absence of Fmt, the tRNAMet formyl transferase. fmt mutants exhibit reduced growth rates indicating that the function of certain proteins depends on formylated N-termini but it has remained unclear, which cellular processes are abrogated by the lack of formylation. Results In order to elucidate how global metabolic processes are affected by the absence of formylated proteins the exometabolome of an S. aureus fmt mutant was compared with that of the parental strain and the transcription of corresponding enzymes was analyzed to identify possible regulatory changes. The mutant consumed glucose and other carbon sources slower than the wild type. While the turnover of several metabolites remained unaltered fmt inactivation led to increases pyruvate release and, concomitantly, reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. In parallel, the release of the pyruvate-derived metabolites lactate, acetoin, and alanine was reduced. The anaerobic degradation of arginine was also reduced in the fmt mutant compared to the wild-type strain. Moreover, the lack of formylated proteins caused increased susceptibility to the antibiotics trimethoprim and sulamethoxazole suggesting that folic acid-dependant pathways were perturbed in the mutant. Conclusions These data indicate that formylated proteins are crucial for specific bacterial metabolic processes and they may help to understand why it has remained important during bacterial evolution to initiate protein biosynthesis with a formylated tRNAMet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Mader
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Schroeter R, Voigt B, Jürgen B, Methling K, Pöther DC, Schäfer H, Albrecht D, Mostertz J, Mäder U, Evers S, Maurer KH, Lalk M, Mascher T, Hecker M, Schweder T. The peroxide stress response of Bacillus licheniformis. Proteomics 2011; 11:2851-66. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Revised: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Reszka P, Schulz R, Methling K, Lalk M, Bednarski PJ. Synthesis, enzymatic evaluation, and docking studies of fluorogenic caspase 8 tetrapeptide substrates. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:103-17. [PMID: 19918833 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, enzymatic evaluation, and molecular modeling studies of new fluorogenic tetrapeptide-based substrates selective for caspase 8, having the general structure Ac-IETD-AXX, are described. Various fluorescent reporter groups (AXX), i.e., 3- and 4-substituted coumarins and quinolin-2(1H)-ones were synthesized by von Pechmann condensation. They were subsequently coupled with the caspase-8-selective tetrapeptide Ac-IETD-OH under newly developed synthetic conditions to give the desired substrates in good yields and in high enantiomeric purity. Based on K(M) and V(max) values, the new compounds proved to be excellent substrates for recombinant human caspase 8. In contrast, the K(M) values for the same compounds as substrates for human caspase 3 were approximately 10-20-fold higher. Molecular modeling studies based on the X-ray crystal structures of both human caspases 3 and 8 revealed that there is sufficient room within both active sites to accommodate substrates with moderately bulky substituents in the 3- and 4-positions of the fluorogenic coumarins and quinolin-2(1H)-ones. Automated docking of the substrates into the active sites of both human caspases 3 and 8 with the program AutoDock 3 gave structures similar to the published crystallographic structures for the same tetrapeptide bound to caspase 8 in the form of an irreversible inhibitor. The calculated binding energies for the new substrates to either caspase 3 or 8 showed little difference between the substrates, consistent with the K(M) data. In addition, the calculated binding energies (DeltaG) to caspase 8 were considerably more negative than those to caspase 3, also consistent with the K(M) data. A possible molecular interaction that might explain the selectivity of the IETD tetrapeptide motif for caspase 8 over caspase 3 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Reszka
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn Strasse 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Scheuch E, Methling K, Ullrich A, Runge D, Terhaag B, Siegmund W. Metabolism of the analgesic flupirtin in man. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.lb392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anett Ullrich
- PRIMACYT Cell Culture Technology GmbHSchwerinGermany
| | - Dieter Runge
- PRIMACYT Cell Culture Technology GmbHSchwerinGermany
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Waldau D, Methling K, Mikolasch A, Schauer F. Characterization of new oxidation products of 9H-carbazole and structure related compounds by biphenyl-utilizing bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 81:1023-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Methling K, Reszka P, Lalk M, Vrana O, Scheuch E, Siegmund W, Terhaag B, Bednarski PJ. Investigation of the in vitro metabolism of the analgesic flupirtine. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 37:479-93. [PMID: 19074524 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.024364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro metabolism of flupirtine, ethyl-N-[2-amino-6-(4-fluorophenylmethyl-amino)pyridine-3-yl]carbamate, a centrally acting analgesic with muscle tone-reducing activity, was studied. Two flupirtine metabolites were already known: the N-acetylated analog D13223 and 4-fluorohippuric acid. The structure of flupirtine suggested that redox chemistry may play a role in metabolism, and cyclic voltammetry studies showed that the drug undergoes facile and irreversible redox reactions. Thus, oxidative metabolism was investigated first. With CYP3A1-induced rat liver microsomes an 18% turnover of flupirtine and a 20 to 25% turnover of D13223 took place over 30 min, but less than 5% turnover of flupirtine was observed with all human liver microsomal preparations tested, evidence that cytochrome P450 does not contribute appreciably to the metabolism in humans. Likewise, no involvement of human monoamine oxidase (isoforms A and B) was found for either flupirtine or D13223. In contrast, flupirtine was an excellent substrate for both human myeloperoxidase and horse radish peroxidase (HRP). These enzymes produced detectable amounts of oxidation products. Incubations of flupirtine with HRP produced an oxidation product that could be trapped with glutathione, the resulting glutathione conjugate was characterized by mass spectrometry and NMR. Metabolism of D13223 by both peroxidases was also observed but to a much lesser extent. Porcine liver esterases cleave the carbamate group of flupirtine, and both human N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2 acetylated the hydrolysis product, presumably descarboethoxyflupirtine, with nearly equal efficiencies to yield D13223. Incubations of human liver microsomes with flupirtine or the metabolite D13223 together with UDP-glucuronic acid gave two isomeric N-glucuronides in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Methling
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Libnow S, Methling K, Hein M, Michalik D, Harms M, Wende K, Flemming A, Köckerling M, Reinke H, Bednarski PJ, Lalk M, Langer P. Synthesis of indirubin-N′-glycosides and their anti-proliferative activity against human cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:5570-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Reszka P, Methling K, Lalk M, Xiao Z, Weisz K, Bednarski PJ. Control of aspartate epimerization during the coupling of caspase specific tetrapeptides with aromatic amines by using N-[[(dimethylamino)-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]-pyridin-1-yl]methylene]-N-methylmethanaminium hexafluorophosphate N-oxide (HATU) as a coupling reagent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Methling K, Kopf J, Michalik M, Reinke H, Bürger C, Oberender H, Peseke K. Synthesis of Acyclic C‐Nucleoside Analogues Using (E)‐1,2‐Dideoxy‐1‐dimethylamino‐4,5:6,7‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐d‐arabino‐hept‐1‐en‐3‐ulose. J Carbohydr Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/car-120026457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Methling
- a Fachbereich Chemie , Universität Rostock , Rostock , D‐18051 , Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopf
- c Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie , Universität Hamburg , Hamburg , D‐20146 , Germany
| | - Manfred Michalik
- d Leibniz‐Institut für Organische Katalyse , Buchbinderstraße 5‐6, Rostock , D‐18055 , Germany
| | - Helmut Reinke
- a Fachbereich Chemie , Universität Rostock , Rostock , D‐18051 , Germany
| | - Christiane Bürger
- b Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Medizinische Fakultät , Universität Rostock , Rostock , D‐18051 , Germany
| | - Heiderose Oberender
- b Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Medizinische Fakultät , Universität Rostock , Rostock , D‐18051 , Germany
| | - Klaus Peseke
- a Fachbereich Chemie , Universität Rostock , Rostock , D‐18051 , Germany
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Rahn T, Nguyen VTH, Dang THT, Ahmed Z, Methling K, Lalk M, Fischer C, Spannenberg A, Langer P. Synthesis of 1,3,5-Tricarbonyl Derivatives by Condensation of 1,3-Bis(silyl enol ethers) with Acid Chlorides. J Org Chem 2007; 72:1957-61. [PMID: 17286437 DOI: 10.1021/jo062153w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A variety of 1,3,5-tricarbonyl derivatives were prepared by reaction of 1,3-bis(silyl enol ethers) with acid chlorides under mild conditions. This includes reactions of both aromatic and aliphatic acid chlorides and bis(acid chlorides). The yields vary depending on the type of acid chloride employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rahn
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Otero I, Methling K, Feist H, Michalik M, Quincoces J, Reinke H, Peseke K. Syntheses of Acyclo‐C‐nucleoside Analogs from 2,3:4,5‐Di‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐xylose. J Carbohydr Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300500388693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iran Otero
- a Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock , Rostock , Germany
- b Facultad de Química y Farmacia , Universidad Central de Las Villas , Santa Clara , Cuba
| | - Karen Methling
- a Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock , Rostock , Germany
| | - Holger Feist
- a Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock , Rostock , Germany
| | | | - José Quincoces
- d Universidade Bandeirante de Sao Paulo, Rua Maria Candida , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Helmut Reinke
- a Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock , Rostock , Germany
| | - Klaus Peseke
- a Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock , Rostock , Germany
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Rode H, Koerbe S, Besch A, Methling K, Loose J, Otto HH. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of pseudosaccharinamine derivatives as potential elastase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:2789-98. [PMID: 16377194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2005] [Revised: 11/12/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudosaccharinamine derivatives were evaluated for elastase inhibitory activity. Ester derivatives of pseudosaccharinamine displayed reversible and high inhibition of human leukocyte elastase (HLE) as compared to porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). Cyanomethyl (2S,3S)-2-(1,1-dioxobenzo[d]isothiazol-3-ylamino)-3-methylpentanoate was found to inhibit HLE at Ki=0.8 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haridas Rode
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Meyer W, Marszewska K, Amirmostofian M, Igreja RP, Hardtke C, Methling K, Viviani MA, Chindamporn A, Sukroongreung S, John MA, Ellis DH, Sorrell TC. Molecular typing of global isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-a pilot study to standardize techniques on which to base a detailed epidemiological survey. Electrophoresis 1999; 20:1790-9. [PMID: 10435451 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2683(19990101)20:8<1790::aid-elps1790>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A total of 356 clinical isolates of the encapsulated basidiomycetous fungus Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, obtained from Australia, Argentina, Brazil, India, Italy, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, South Africa, Thailand and the USA, were analyzed to lay the basis for a comprehensive evaluation of the global genetic structure of C. neoformans. Two polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based typing techniques were standardized: PCR fingerprinting using a single primer specific to minisatellite or microsatellite DNA, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using two combinations of three 20- to 22-mer random primers. Previous studies showed that the resultant profiles are reproducible and stable over time. Identical results were obtained in two different laboratories and by different scientists in the same laboratory. Both typing techniques separated the isolates into four major groups (VNI and VNII, serotype A; VNIII, serotype A/D; and VNIV, serotype D). The majority (78%) of isolates belonged to VNI, compared with 18% VNII, 1% VNIII and 3% VNIV. All US isolates could be differentiated by a unique, strain-specific PCR fingerprint or RAPD pattern in contrast to most of the non-US isolates, which showed a substantially higher degree of genetic homogeneity, with some clonality, in different parts of the world. Isolates obtained from the same patient at different times and from different body sites, had identical banding patterns. Both typing techniques should provide powerful tools for epidemiological studies of medically important fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Meyer
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Molecular Mycology Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Department of Medicine at Westmead Hospital, ICPMR, NSW, Australia.
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