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Yeung J, Holinstat M. Who is the real 12-HETrE? Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 132:25-30. [PMID: 28259546 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenases, including lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450s, generate an array of structurally diverse oxylipins that modulate distinct biological responses in mammals. Depending on the source of tissues and enzymes, distinct oxylipins are generated with inherent cellular function. Here, we report structurally different forms of 12-HETrE, with distinct biological function in tissues as well as their derived enzymatic source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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2
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Lagarde M, Calzada C, Jouvène C, Bernoud-Hubac N, Létisse M, Guichardant M, Véricel E. Functional fluxolipidomics of polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxygenated metabolites in the blood vessel compartment. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 60:41-9. [PMID: 26484703 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of bioactive oxygenated metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their degradation or transformation products are made through multiple enzyme processes. The kinetics of the enzymes responsible for the different steps are known to be quite diverse, although not precisely determined. The location of the metabolites biosynthesis is diverse as well. Also, the biological effects of the primary and secondary products, and their biological life span are often completely different. Consequently, phenotypes of cells in response to these bioactive lipid mediators must then depend on their concentrations at a given time. This demands a fluxolipidomics approach that can be defined as a mediator lipidomics, with all measurements done as a function of time and biological compartments. This review points out what is known, even qualitatively, in the blood vascular compartment for arachidonic acid metabolites and number of other metabolites from polyunsaturated fatty acids of nutritional value. The functional consequences are especially taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lagarde
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - C Calzada
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Jouvène
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - N Bernoud-Hubac
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Létisse
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Guichardant
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - E Véricel
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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3
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Gabbs M, Leng S, Devassy JG, Monirujjaman M, Aukema HM. Advances in Our Understanding of Oxylipins Derived from Dietary PUFAs. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:513-40. [PMID: 26374175 PMCID: PMC4561827 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.007732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the main mediators of PUFA effects in the body. They are formed via cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 pathways, resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, mono-, di-, and tri-hydroxy fatty acids (FAs), epoxy FAs, lipoxins, eoxins, hepoxilins, resolvins, protectins (also called neuroprotectins in the brain), and maresins. In addition to the well-known eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid, recent developments in lipidomic methodologies have raised awareness of and interest in the large number of oxylipins formed from other PUFAs, including those from the essential FAs and the longer-chain n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs. Oxylipins have essential roles in normal physiology and function, but can also have detrimental effects. Compared with the oxylipins derived from n-3 PUFAs, oxylipins from n-6 PUFAs generally have greater activity and more inflammatory, vasoconstrictory, and proliferative effects, although there are notable exceptions. Because PUFA composition does not necessarily reflect oxylipin composition, comprehensive analysis of the oxylipin profile is necessary to understand the overall physiologic effects of PUFAs mediated through their oxylipins. These analyses should include oxylipins derived from linoleic and α-linolenic acids, because these largely unexplored bioactive oxylipins constitute more than one-half of oxylipins present in tissues. Because collated information on oxylipins formed from different PUFAs is currently unavailable, this review provides a detailed compilation of the main oxylipins formed from PUFAs and describes their functions. Much remains to be elucidated in this emerging field, including the discovery of more oxylipins, and the understanding of the differing biological potencies, kinetics, and isomer-specific activities of these novel PUFA metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harold M Aukema
- Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
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Setkowicz M, Mastalerz L, Gielicz A, Wojas-Pelc A, Sanak M. Lack of association of ALOX12 and ALOX15B polymorphisms with psoriasis despite altered urinary excretion of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Br J Dermatol 2014; 172:337-44. [PMID: 24975552 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pro- and anti-inflammatory metabolites of arachidonic acid - eicosanoids - participate in skin homeostasis, affecting the growth and differentiation of keratinocytes. Alterations of 12-lipoxygenase (LOX) and 15-LOX and their metabolites have been described in the epidermis of patients with psoriasis, but systemic production of 12-LOX and 15-LOX eicosanoids has not been studied in the disease. OBJECTIVES To ascertain the frequencies of the genetic variants ALOX12 rs1126667 and ALOX15 rs11568070 in cases and controls, and to compare urinary metabolites of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) between patients with psoriasis and healthy controls. METHODS Patients with psoriasis (n = 200) were stratified depending on the severity of their dermal lesions. Genotyping was performed using a 5'-nuclease real-time assay. The concentrations of 12(S)-HETE, its metabolites and 15(S)-HETE were determined in urine samples using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Tetranor-12(S)-HETE metabolite excretion was significantly higher in urine of patients with psoriasis, while excretion of 12(S)-HETE was decreased. Neither 12(S)-HETE nor tetranor-12(S)-HETE correlated with the type of disease or severity score. No difference in urinary 15(S)-HETE was found between the study groups. Genotype distribution of the ALOX12 rs1126667 or ALOX15 rs11568070 polymorphisms did not discriminate for the disease or its severity. CONCLUSIONS Systemic metabolism of 12(S)-HETE is accelerated in psoriasis because excretion of the tetranor-12(S)-HETE inactivation product is elevated. No correlation with the severity or extent of psoriasis is detectable. We propose that in patients with psoriasis, 12(S)-HETE to tetranor-12(S)-HETE conversion could be at least a marker for this disease, in which inflammation of the skin can induce microsomal beta-oxidation of this eicosanoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Setkowicz
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 8 Skawinska Str., 31-066, Krakow, Poland
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5
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Powell WS, Rokach J. Biosynthesis, biological effects, and receptors of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and oxoeicosatetraenoic acids (oxo-ETEs) derived from arachidonic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:340-55. [PMID: 25449650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid can be oxygenated by a variety of different enzymes, including lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P450s, and can be converted to a complex mixture of oxygenated products as a result of lipid peroxidation. The initial products in these reactions are hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HpETEs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Oxoeicosatetraenoic acids (oxo-ETEs) can be formed by the actions of various dehydrogenases on HETEs or by dehydration of HpETEs. Although a large number of different HETEs and oxo-ETEs have been identified, this review will focus principally on 5-oxo-ETE, 5S-HETE, 12S-HETE, and 15S-HETE. Other related arachidonic acid metabolites will also be discussed in less detail. 5-Oxo-ETE is synthesized by oxidation of the 5-lipoxygenase product 5S-HETE by the selective enzyme, 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase. It actions are mediated by the selective OXE receptor, which is highly expressed on eosinophils, suggesting that it may be important in eosinophilic diseases such as asthma. 5-Oxo-ETE also appears to stimulate tumor cell proliferation and may also be involved in cancer. Highly selective and potent OXE receptor antagonists have recently become available and could help to clarify its pathophysiological role. The 12-lipoxygenase product 12S-HETE acts by the GPR31 receptor and promotes tumor cell proliferation and metastasis and could therefore be a promising target in cancer therapy. It may also be involved as a proinflammatory mediator in diabetes. In contrast, 15S-HETE may have a protective effect in cancer. In addition to GPCRs, higher concentration of HETEs and oxo-ETEs can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and could potentially regulate a variety of processes by this mechanism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3626St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada.
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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Armstrong MM, Diaz G, Kenyon V, Holman TR. Inhibitory and mechanistic investigations of oxo-lipids with human lipoxygenase isozymes. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4293-7. [PMID: 24924423 PMCID: PMC4112157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxo-lipids, a large family of oxidized human lipoxygenase (hLOX) products, are of increasing interest to researchers due to their involvement in different inflammatory responses in the cell. Oxo-lipids are unique because they contain electrophilic sites that can potentially form covalent bonds through a Michael addition mechanism with nucleophilic residues in protein active sites and thus increase inhibitor potency. Due to the resemblance of oxo-lipids to LOX substrates, the inhibitor potency of 4 different oxo-lipids; 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-(E,Z,Z,Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), 15-oxo-5,8,11,13-(Z,Z,Z,E)-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-oxo-ETE), 12-oxo-5,8,10,14-(Z,Z,E,Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-oxo-ETE), and 13-oxo-9,11-(Z,E)-octadecadienoic acid (13-oxo-ODE) were determined against a library of LOX isozymes; leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase (h5-LOX), human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase-1 (h15-LOX-1), human platelet 12-lipoxygenase (h12-LOX), human epithelial 15-lipoxygenase-2 (h15-LOX-2), soybean 15-lipoxygenase-1 (s15-LOX-1), and rabbit reticulocyte 15-LOX (r15-LOX). 15-Oxo-ETE exhibited the highest potency against h12-LOX, with an IC₅₀=1 ± 0.1 μM and was highly selective. Steady state inhibition kinetic experiments determined 15-oxo-ETE to be a mixed inhibitor against h12-LOX, with a Kic value of 0.087 ± 0.008 μM and a Kiu value of 2.10 ± 0.8 μM. Time-dependent studies demonstrated irreversible inhibition with 12-oxo-ETE and h15-LOX-1, however, the concentration of 12-oxo-ETE required (Ki=36.8 ± 13.2 μM) and the time frame (k₂=0.0019 ± 0.00032 s(-1)) were not biologically relevant. These data are the first observations that oxo-lipids can inhibit LOX isozymes and may be another mechanism in which LOX products regulate LOX activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Armstrong
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Giovanni Diaz
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Victor Kenyon
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States.
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Bui P, Imaizumi S, Beedanagari SR, Reddy ST, Hankinson O. Human CYP2S1 metabolizes cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 39:180-90. [PMID: 21068195 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.035121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP2S1 is a recently described dioxin-inducible cytochrome P450. We previously demonstrated that human CYP2S1 oxidizes a number of carcinogens but only via the peroxide shunt. In this article, we investigated whether human CYP2S1 can metabolize cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-derived lipid peroxides in a NADPH-independent fashion. Human CYP2S1 metabolizes prostaglandin G(2) (PGG(2)) (K(m) = 0.267 ± 0.072 μM) into several products including 12S-hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT). It also metabolizes prostaglandin H(2) (PGH(2)) (K(m) = 11.7 ± 2.8 μM) into malondialdehyde, 12-HHT, and thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)). The turnover to 12-HHT by human CYP2S1 (1.59 ± 0.04 min(-1)) is 40-fold higher than that of TXA(2) (0.04 min(-1)). In addition to PGG(2) and PGH(2) metabolism, human CYP2S1 efficiently metabolizes the hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5S-, 12S-, and 15S-) and 13S-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid into 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (turnover = 16.7 ± 0.3 min(-1)), 12-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid 1 (11.5 ± 0.9 min(-1)), 15-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (16.9 ± 0.8 min(-1)), and 13-octadecadienoic acid (20.2 ± 0.9 min(-1)), respectively. Other cytochromes P450 such as CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, and 3A4 underwent similar conversions but at slower rates. The fatty acid hydroperoxides were also converted by human CYP2S1 to several epoxyalcohols. Our data indicate that fatty acid endoperoxides and hydroperoxides represent endogenous substrates of CYP2S1 and suggest that the enzyme CYP2S1 may play an important role in the inflammatory process because some of the products that CYP2S1 produces play important roles in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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8
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Brink C, Dahlén SE, Drazen J, Evans JF, Hay DWP, Rovati GE, Serhan CN, Shimizu T, Yokomizo T. International Union of Pharmacology XLIV. Nomenclature for the Oxoeicosanoid Receptor. Pharmacol Rev 2004; 56:149-57. [PMID: 15001665 DOI: 10.1124/pr.56.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxoeicosanoids are a family of biologically active arachidonic acid derivatives that have been intimately linked with cellular migration. These metabolites are not only potent chemotaxins but also elicit oxygen radical production as well as induce secretory events in different cells. The most potent native ligand reported is 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), and the cell membrane receptor activated has now been cloned. This receptor is distinct from those receptors activated by either the prostaglandins or the leukotrienes. The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the molecular evidence and highlight the significance of this receptor. In addition, an official nomenclature for this oxoeicosanoid receptor is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Brink
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7131, Hôpital Broussais, Bâtiment Les Mariniers, Paris, France.
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9
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Waddington E, Sienuarine K, Puddey I, Croft K. Identification and Quantitation of Unique Fatty Acid Oxidation Products in Human Atherosclerotic Plaque Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Anal Biochem 2001; 292:234-44. [PMID: 11355856 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of lipoproteins, particularly low-density lipoprotein, is thought to play a major role in the development of atherosclerosis. We set out to identify and quantitate the major fatty acid oxidation products in human atherosclerotic plaque obtained from individuals undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Oxidized lipids were extracted from plaque homogenate under conditions to prevent artifactual oxidation. Identification and quantitation was performed using HPLC and GC-MS. High levels of hydroxyoctadecanoic acids (0.51 +/- 0.17 ng/microg of linoleic acid), 15-hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid (HETE) (0.66 +/- 0.24 ng/microg of arachidonic acid), and 11-HETE (0.84 +/- 0.24 ng/microg of arachidonic acid) were detected in all atherosclerotic plaques (n = 10). Low levels of 9-oxo-octadecanoic acid (oxoODE) (0.04 +/- 0.01 ng/microg of linoleic acid), were present in all samples, while 13-oxoODE (0.01 +/- 0.008 ng/microg of linoleic acid) was present in only 4 of the 10 plaque samples. Of interest was the identification of two previously unidentified compounds in atherosclerotic plaque, 11-oxo-eicosatetranoic acid in 9 of the 10 samples and 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatetranoic acid in 3 samples. Chiral analysis revealed that all the major compounds identified in this study are of a nonenzymatic origin. This study is the first to provide a convenient HPLC method to quantify all the products of both linoleic acid and arachidonic acid oxidation in human atherosclerotic plaque. The quantitation of lipid peroxidation products in plaque may be important given the potential biological activity of these compounds and their possible relationship to plaque pathogenesis and instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Waddington
- Department of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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10
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Knight J, Taylor GW, Wright P, Clare AS, Rowley AF. Eicosanoid biosynthesis in an advanced deuterostomate invertebrate, the sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1436:467-78. [PMID: 9989276 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The eicosanoid generating potential of tunic, branchial basket, intestine, ovary and tadpole larvae from the sea squirt, Ciona intestinalis, was examined using a combination of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and enzyme immunoassay. All organs examined synthesized the lipoxygenase products 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE) and 8-HEPE implying that both 8- and 12-lipoxygenase activity are widely distributed in this species. In addition, tunic and branchial basket generated significant amounts of 8,15-diHEPE and smaller amounts of 8,15-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (8,15-diHETE), while tunic alone generated small amounts of conjugated tetraene-containing material with a UV chromophore and mass ion characteristic of a lipoxin-like compound. The broad range lipoxygenase inhibitors, esculetin and nordihydroguaiaretic acid, both caused a significant dose dependent inhibition of 12-HEPE and 8,15-diHEPE biosynthesis in tunic, while the specific 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, REV-5901, and the specific 5-lipoxygenase activating protein inhibitor, MK-866, had no observable effect on the lipoxygenase profile of this tissue. Tunic, branchial basket, intestine and ovary all generated significant amounts of prostaglandin (PG) E and PGF immunoreactive material and smaller amounts of thromboxane B immunoreactive material as measured by enzyme immunoassay. The non-specific cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, indomethacin, the selective COX-1 inhibitors, resveratrol and valerylsalicylate, and the specific COX-2 inhibitors, NS-398, etolodac and DFU (5,5-dimethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-methylsulphonyl) phenyl-2(5H)-furanone) all caused a significant dose dependent inhibition of the biosynthesis of PGE immunoreactive material. However, the specific COX-2 inhibitors were most effective, perhaps implying that a COX-2-like enzyme may be present in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Knight
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, UK
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11
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Khanapure SP, Shi XX, Powell WS, Rokach J. Total Synthesis of a Potent Proinflammatory 5-Oxo-ETE and Its 6,7-Dihydro Biotransformation Product. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9716993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash P. Khanapure
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901 and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 3626 St-Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada
| | - Xiao-Xin Shi
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901 and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 3626 St-Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada
| | - William S. Powell
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901 and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 3626 St-Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901 and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 3626 St-Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada
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12
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Powell WS, Wang L, Khanapure SP, Manna S, Rokach J. High-pressure liquid chromatography of oxo-eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid. Anal Biochem 1997; 247:17-24. [PMID: 9126365 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1997.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Eicosanoids are a large group of biologically active metabolites of arachidonic acid and related C20 fatty acids. Many of these compounds contain hydroxyl groups which can be converted to oxo groups by a variety of substrate-specific dehydrogenases. In many cases, this results in a reduction in potency, but in others, such as the oxidation of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid to its oxo metabolite 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, there is a dramatic increase in biological activity. Thus, it is often very important to analyze the relative amounts of oxo- and hydroxy-eicosanoids formed by various cells and tissues. The present study was designed to compare the chromatographic behavior of oxo-eicosanoids and their hydroxy counterparts in commonly used mobile phases for reversed-phase and normal-phase HPLC. We examined three groups of eicosanoids: prostaglandins, leukotriene B4 and some of its metabolites, and monohydroxy-eicosanoids and their oxo metabolites. We found that in reversed-phase HPLC, the retention times of oxo-eicosanoids were longer than those of the corresponding hydroxy-eicosanoids in mobile phases containing acetonitrile as the major organic component, whereas the reverse was true for mobile phases containing methanol. Normal-phase HPLC using mobile phases containing hexane, isopropanol, and acetic acid gave excellent separation of oxo- and hydroxy-eicosanoids. Increasing the concentration of acetic acid in the mobile phase selectively reduced the retention times of oxo-eicosatetraenoic acids compared to monohydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids, whereas the reverse was true for isopropanol. Differences in the chromatographic behavior of oxo- and hydroxy-eicosanoids can be useful clues in the structural characterization of these compounds, as illustrated by the chromatographic properties of a complex series of LTB4 metabolites formed by rat neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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13
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Khanapure SP, Wang SS, Powell WS, Rokach J. Synthesis of 10,11-Dihydro-12-oxo-LTB(4), a Key Biochemical Intermediate. J Org Chem 1997; 62:325-330. [PMID: 11671406 DOI: 10.1021/jo9614957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the 5(S)-hydroxy-10,11-dihydro-12-oxo-6(Z),8(E),14(Z)-eicosatrienoic acid (10,11-dihydro-12-oxo-LTB(4)) (3) is reported. This compound is a key pivotal intermediate in the biotransformation of LTB(4) by the so-called "LTB(4) reductase pathway".
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash P. Khanapure
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901 and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 3626 St-Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada
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