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SHARMA AK, PRASHAR P, BHARTI OK, THACHAMVALLY R, THAKUR R, KUMAR N, SHANMUGASUNDARAM K, SINGHA H, BHATTACHARYA TK, GULATI BR, ISLOOR S, PANDA AK, SHARMA J, HARA M, KNOBEL D. Diagnosis of rabies using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction on post-mortem skin tissue specimens of the nasolabial plate in a rabies suspected cow: a case study. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:844-848. [PMID: 37331817 PMCID: PMC10466064 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In India, rabies in cattle is under-reported. Religious sentiments hamper its diagnosis, discouraging post-mortem examination, particularly opening the cranium. Specimens of peripheral tissue innervated by the cranial nerves could potentially be used as alternative diagnostic specimens to the brain. Herein, we present a case study of a novel approach for diagnosing rabies in a cow suspected of having rabies, using skin tissue specimens of the nasolabial plate obtained post-mortem. Brain and nasolabial tissue specimens tested positive for rabies using conventional reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. This approach has been previously shown to have a high diagnostic sensitivity in animals. We encourage further studies with more nasolabial plate skin specimens for both post- and antemortem diagnosis of rabies in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Riyesh THACHAMVALLY
- Indian Council of Agriculture Research-National Research
Center on Equines (ICAR-NRCE), Hisar, India
| | - Rashmi THAKUR
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Himachal Pradesh,
India
| | - Naveen KUMAR
- Indian Council of Agriculture Research-National Research
Center on Equines (ICAR-NRCE), Hisar, India
| | | | - Harisankar SINGHA
- Indian Council of Agriculture Research-National Research
Center on Equines (ICAR-NRCE), Hisar, India
| | - Tarun Kumar BHATTACHARYA
- Indian Council of Agriculture Research-National Research
Center on Equines (ICAR-NRCE), Hisar, India
| | - Baldev Raj GULATI
- Indian Council of Agriculture Research-National Institute of
Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shrikrishna ISLOOR
- KVAFSU-CVA, Rabies Diagnostic Laboratory, WOAH Reference
Laboratory for Rabies, Veterinary College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ashok Kumar PANDA
- Dr. GC Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,
Palampur, India
| | - Jyotsna SHARMA
- Ayush Department, Ayurvedic Health Centre, Himachal Pradesh,
India
| | - Mankaran HARA
- Shri Guru Ram Dass Institute of Medical Sciences and
Research, Punjab, India
| | - Darryn KNOBEL
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre,
Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Park CH, Kuboniwa S, Murakami R, Shiwa N, Inoue S, Kimitsuki K, Gomez MRR, Espino MJM, Cabic AGB, Esposo SMC, Manalo DL. Immunohistochemical detection of virus antigen in the nasal planum of rabid dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1563-1569. [PMID: 34470975 PMCID: PMC8569877 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabies virus is one of the most neurotropic of all viruses infecting mammals. During the terminal phases of infection, the virus spreads to peripheral tissues, including the skin. The external skin of the nose, called the nasal planum, is a sensory organ where numerous nerve bundles and terminal nerves are distributed. Therefore, the nasal planum is expected to serve as a postmortem diagnostic material. However, the distribution of rabies virus antigens in the nasal planum in rabid animals has not yet been studied. In this study, the nasal planum was obtained from 45 rabid dogs. In all rabid dogs, the viral antigen was detected in the peripheral nerve tissues, Merkel cells, and squamous cells. The viral antigen in the epidermis exhibited three patterns: first, a diffuse positive pattern from the basal layer to the squamous layer; second, a reticular positive pattern along the cell membrane in the squamous layer; and third, a basal layer pattern of the epidermis. In the dermis, viral antigens were detected more often in lamellated corpuscles just beneath the rete pegs. These results suggest that the nasal planum could serve as a useful alternative source for postmortem diagnosis in rabies endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kuboniwa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Ryo Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Nozomi Shiwa
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimitsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Ma Ricci R Gomez
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City1781, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Daria L Manalo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City1781, Philippines
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