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Mu J, Hao P, Duan H, Zhao W, Wang Z, Yang Z, Li X. Non-human primate models of focal cortical ischemia for neuronal replacement therapy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1456-1474. [PMID: 37254891 PMCID: PMC10414004 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231179544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence, stroke remains incurable due to the limited regeneration capacity in the central nervous system. Neuronal replacement strategies are highly diverse biomedical fields that attempt to replace lost neurons by utilizing exogenous stem cell transplants, biomaterials, and direct neuronal reprogramming. Although these approaches have achieved encouraging outcomes mostly in the rodent stroke model, further preclinical validation in non-human primates (NHP) is still needed prior to clinical trials. In this paper, we briefly review the recent progress of promising neuronal replacement therapy in NHP stroke studies. Moreover, we summarize the key characteristics of the NHP as highly valuable translational tools and discuss (1) NHP species and their advantages in terms of genetics, physiology, neuroanatomy, immunology, and behavior; (2) various methods for establishing NHP focal ischemic models to study the regenerative and plastic changes associated with motor functional recovery; and (3) a comprehensive analysis of experimentally and clinically accessible outcomes and a potential adaptive mechanism. Our review specifically aims to facilitate the selection of the appropriate NHP cortical ischemic models and efficient prognostic evaluation methods in preclinical stroke research design of neuronal replacement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Mu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Hao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Duan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijue Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Adlung A, Paschke NK, Golla AK, Bauer D, Mohamed SA, Samartzi M, Fatar M, Neumaier-Probst E, Zöllner FG, Schad LR. 23 Na MRI in ischemic stroke: Acquisition time reduction using postprocessing with convolutional neural networks. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4474. [PMID: 33480128 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative 23 Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides tissue sodium concentration (TSC), which is connected to cell viability and vitality. Long acquisition times are one of the most challenging aspects for its clinical establishment. K-space undersampling is an approach for acquisition time reduction, but generates noise and artifacts. The use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is increasing in medical imaging and they are a useful tool for MRI postprocessing. The aim of this study is 23 Na MRI acquisition time reduction by k-space undersampling. CNNs were applied to reduce the resulting noise and artifacts. A retrospective analysis from a prospective study was conducted including image datasets from 46 patients (aged 72 ± 13 years; 25 women, 21 men) with ischemic stroke; the 23 Na MRI acquisition time was 10 min. The reconstructions were performed with full dataset (FI) and with a simulated dataset an image that was acquired in 2.5 min (RI). Eight different CNNs with either U-Net-based or ResNet-based architectures were implemented with RI as input and FI as label, using batch normalization and the number of filters as varying parameters. Training was performed with 9500 samples and testing included 400 samples. CNN outputs were evaluated based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and structural similarity (SSIM). After quantification, TSC error was calculated. The image quality was subjectively rated by three neuroradiologists. Statistical significance was evaluated by Student's t-test. The average SNR was 21.72 ± 2.75 (FI) and 10.16 ± 0.96 (RI). U-Nets increased the SNR of RI to 43.99 and therefore performed better than ResNet. SSIM of RI to FI was improved by three CNNs to 0.91 ± 0.03. CNNs reduced TSC error by up to 15%. The subjective rating of CNN-generated images showed significantly better results than the subjective image rating of RI. The acquisition time of 23 Na MRI can be reduced by 75% due to postprocessing with a CNN on highly undersampled data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Adlung
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadia K Paschke
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alena-Kathrin Golla
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Intelligent Systems in Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dominik Bauer
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Intelligent Systems in Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sherif A Mohamed
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Melina Samartzi
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marc Fatar
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eva Neumaier-Probst
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank G Zöllner
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Intelligent Systems in Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Yuan X, Rosenberg JT, Liu Y, Grant SC, Ma T. Aggregation of human mesenchymal stem cells enhances survival and efficacy in stroke treatment. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:1033-1048. [PMID: 31537468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been shown to enhance stroke lesion recovery by mediating inflammation and tissue repair through secretion of trophic factors. However, low cell survival and reduced primitive stem cell function of culture-expanded hMSCs are the major challenges limiting hMSC therapeutic efficacy in stroke treatment. In this study, we report the effects of short-term preconditioning of hMSCs via three-dimensional (3D) aggregation on stroke lesion recovery after intra-arterial (IA) transplantation of 3D aggregate-derived hMSCs (Agg-D hMSCs) in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model. Compared with two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture, Agg-D hMSCs exhibited increased resistance to ischemic stress, secretory function and therapeutic outcome. Short-term preconditioning via 3D aggregation reconfigured hMSC energy metabolism and altered redox cycle, which activated the PI3K/AKT pathway and enhanced resistance to in vitro oxidative stress. Analysis of transplanted hMSCs in MCAO rats using ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging at 21.1 T showed increased hMSC persistence and stroke lesion reduction by sodium (23Na) imaging in the Agg-D hMSC group compared with 2D hMSC control. Behavioral analyses further revealed functional improvement in MCAO animal treated with Agg-D hMSCs compared with saline control. Together, the results demonstrated the improved outcome for Agg-D hMSCs in the MCAO model and suggest short-term 3D aggregation as an effective preconditioning strategy for hMSC functional enhancement in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jens T Rosenberg
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Samuel C Grant
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Abstract
To bridge the gap between rodent and human studies, the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable committee suggests that nonhuman primates (NHPs) be used for preclinical, translational stroke studies. Owing to the fact that vast majority of ischemic strokes are caused by transient or permanent occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel eventually leading to brain infarction, ischemia induced by endovascular methods closely mimics thromboembolic or thrombotic cerebrovascular occlusion in patients. This review will make a thorough summary of transient or permanent occlusions of a cerebral blood vessel in NHPs using endovascular methods. Then, advantages and disadvantages, and potential applications will be analyzed for each kind of models. Additionally, we also make a further analysis based on different kinds of emboli, various occlusion sites, infract size, abnormal hemodynamics, and potential dysfunctions. Experimental models of ischemic stroke in NHPs are valuable tools to analyze specific facets of stroke in patients, especially those induced by endovascular methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ankush Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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5
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Martínez-Valverde T, Sánchez-Guerrero A, Vidal-Jorge M, Torné R, Castro L, Gandara D, Munar F, Poca MA, Sahuquillo J. Characterization of the Ionic Profile of the Extracellular Space of the Injured and Ischemic Brain: A Microdialysis Study. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:74-85. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Martínez-Valverde
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Sánchez-Guerrero
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marian Vidal-Jorge
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Torné
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Castro
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dario Gandara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisca Munar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Antonia Poca
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Sahuquillo
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Wetterling F, Chatzikonstantinou E, Tritschler L, Meairs S, Fatar M, Schad LR, Ansar S. Investigating potentially salvageable penumbra tissue in an in vivo model of transient ischemic stroke using sodium, diffusion, and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:82. [PMID: 27927188 PMCID: PMC5143461 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current-state-of-the-art technique to clinically investigate acute (0-24 h) ischemic stroke tissue. However, reduced apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-considered a marker of tissue damage-was observed to reverse spontaneously during the subacute stroke phase (24-72 h) which means that low ADC cannot be used to reflect the damaged tissue after 24 h in experimental and clinical studies. One reason for the change in ADC is that ADC values drop with cytotoxic edema (acute phase) and rise when vasogenic edema begins (subacute phase). Recently, combined 1H- and 23Na-MRI was proposed as a more accurate approach to improve delineation between reversible (penumbra) and irreversible ischemic injury (core). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of reperfusion on the ADC and the sodium MRI signal after experimental ischemic stroke in rats in well-defined areas of different viability levels of the cerebral lesion, i.e. core and penumbra as defined via perfusion and histology. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in male rats by using the intraluminal filament technique. MRI sodium, perfusion and diffusion measurement was recorded before reperfusion, shortly after reperfusion and 24 h after reperfusion. The animals were reperfused after 90 min of ischemia. RESULTS Sodium signal in core did not change before reperfusion, increased after reperfusion while sodium signal in penumbra was significantly reduced before reperfusion, but showed no changes after reperfusion compared to control. The ADC was significantly decreased in core tissue at all three time points compared to contralateral side. This decrease recovered above commonly applied viability thresholds in the core after 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Reduced sodium-MRI signal in conjunction with reduced ADC can serve as a viability marker for penumbra detection and complement hydrogen diffusion- and perfusion-MRI in order to facilitate time-independent assessment of tissue fate and cellular bioenergetics failure in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Wetterling
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Trinity Institute of Neuroscience, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eva Chatzikonstantinou
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Laurent Tritschler
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,CESP, INSERM UMRS1178, Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Stephen Meairs
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marc Fatar
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Saema Ansar
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. .,Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sölvegatan 17, BMC A13, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
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7
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Lee KC, Yu JF, Lee YS, Huang GJ, Chan HL, Lin IT, Chen JH. In Vivo Sodium MRI for Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke at 7 T: Preliminary Results. J Med Biol Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-015-0072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Wetterling F, Gallagher L, Mullin J, Holmes WM, McCabe C, Macrae IM, Fagan AJ. Sodium-23 magnetic resonance imaging has potential for improving penumbra detection but not for estimating stroke onset time. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:103-10. [PMID: 25335803 PMCID: PMC4294399 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue sodium concentration increases in irreversibly damaged (core) tissue following ischemic stroke and can potentially help to differentiate the core from the adjacent hypoperfused but viable penumbra. To test this, multinuclear hydrogen-1/sodium-23 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure the changing sodium signal and hydrogen-apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the ischemic core and penumbra after rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Penumbra and core were defined from perfusion imaging and histologically defined irreversibly damaged tissue. The sodium signal in the core increased linearly with time, whereas the ADC rapidly decreased by >30% within 20 minutes of stroke onset, with very little change thereafter (0.5-6 hours after MCAO). Previous reports suggest that the time point at which tissue sodium signal starts to rise above normal (onset of elevated tissue sodium, OETS) represents stroke onset time (SOT). However, extrapolating core data back in time resulted in a delay of 72 ± 24 minutes in OETS compared with actual SOT. At the OETS in the core, penumbra sodium signal was significantly decreased (88 ± 6%, P=0.0008), whereas penumbra ADC was not significantly different (92 ± 18%, P=0.2) from contralateral tissue. In conclusion, reduced sodium-MRI signal may serve as a viability marker for penumbra detection and can complement hydrogen ADC and perfusion MRI in the time-independent assessment of tissue fate in acute stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Wetterling
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lindsay Gallagher
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jim Mullin
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William M Holmes
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chris McCabe
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - I Mhairi Macrae
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew J Fagan
- Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging, St James's Hospital/Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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9
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O'Donnell ME, Chen YJ, Lam TI, Taylor KC, Walton JH, Anderson SE. Intravenous HOE-642 reduces brain edema and Na uptake in the rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke: evidence for participation of the blood-brain barrier Na/H exchanger. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:225-34. [PMID: 23149557 PMCID: PMC3564192 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral edema forms in the early hours of ischemic stroke by processes involving increased transport of Na and Cl from blood into brain across an intact blood-brain barrier (BBB). Our previous studies provided evidence that the BBB Na-K-Cl cotransporter is stimulated by the ischemic factors hypoxia, aglycemia, and arginine vasopressin (AVP), and that inhibition of the cotransporter by intravenous bumetanide greatly reduces edema and infarct in rats subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). More recently, we showed that BBB Na/H exchanger activity is also stimulated by hypoxia, aglycemia, and AVP. The present study was conducted to further investigate the possibility that a BBB Na/H exchanger also participates in edema formation during ischemic stroke. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to pMCAO and then brain edema and Na content assessed by magnetic resonance imaging diffusion-weighed imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy Na spectroscopy, respectively, for up to 210 minutes. We found that intravenous administration of the specific Na/H exchange inhibitor HOE-642 significantly decreased brain Na uptake and reduced cerebral edema, brain swelling, and infarct volume. These findings support the hypothesis that edema formation and brain Na uptake during the early hours of cerebral ischemia involve BBB Na/H exchanger activity as well as Na-K-Cl cotransporter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E O'Donnell
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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10
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Wetterling F, Ansar S, Handwerker E. Sodium-23 magnetic resonance imaging during and after transient cerebral ischemia: multinuclear stroke protocols for double-tuned23Na/1H resonator systems. Phys Med Biol 2012; 57:6929-46. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/21/6929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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12
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Boada FE, Qian Y, Nemoto E, Jovin T, Jungreis C, Jones SC, Weimer J, Lee V. Sodium MRI and the assessment of irreversible tissue damage during hyper-acute stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2012; 3:236-45. [PMID: 24323779 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-012-0168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sodium MRI (sMRI) has undergone a tremendous amount of technical development during the last two decades that makes it a suitable tool for the study of human pathology in the acute setting within the constraints of a clinical environment. The salient role of the sodium ion during impaired ATP production during the course of brain ischemia makes sMRI an ideal tool for the study of ischemic tissue viability during stroke. In this paper, the current limitations of conventional MRI for the determination of tissue viability during evolving brain ischemia are discussed. This discussion is followed by a summary of the known findings about the dynamics of tissue sodium changes during brain ischemia. A mechanistic model for the explanation of these findings is presented together with the technical requirements for its investigation using clinical MRI scanners. An illustration of the salient features of the technique is also presented using a nonhuman primate model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando E Boada
- MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,
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13
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Wey HY, Duong TQ. Multimodal MRI of nonhuman primate stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2012; 3:84-9. [PMID: 24323756 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-012-0145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death. Despite decades of research, no neuroprotective drug has proven to be effective clinically. One widely accepted view to account for this negative outcome is that the rodent stroke model simply does not adequately reflect the complexity of human stroke. Recent failures of several high-profile neuroprotective drugs for stroke treatment in phase III clinical trials further underscore the importance of developing adequate animal models for stroke research. The brain organization and vascular circuitry of nonhuman primates (NHPs) are more homologous with humans than the widely used rodent for stroke modeling. The Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable, a national committee commissioned by the American Heart Association, recommended that clinically relevant NHP stroke models be established for developing and assessing neuroprotective drugs. The aim of this article is to review the challenges and applications of magnetic resonance imaging studies of NHP stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Athinoula. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachussetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 120, 2nd Ave., Charlestown, Boston, MA, USA,
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14
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Qian Y, Zhao T, Zheng H, Weimer J, Boada FE. High-resolution sodium imaging of human brain at 7 T. Magn Reson Med 2011; 68:227-33. [PMID: 22144258 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of high-resolution sodium magnetic resonance imaging on human brain at 7 T was demonstrated in this study. A three-dimensional anisotropic resolution data acquisition was used to address the challenge of low signal-to-noise ratio associated with high resolution. Ultrashort echo-time sequence was used for the anisotropic data acquisition. Phantoms and healthy human brains were studied on a whole-body 7-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Sodium images were obtained at two high nominal in-plane resolutions (1.72 and 0.86 mm) at a slice thickness of 4 mm. Signal-to-noise ratio in the brain image (cerebrospinal fluid) was measured as 14.4 and 6.8 at the two high resolutions, respectively. The actual in-plane resolution was measured as 2.9 and 1.6 mm, 69-86% larger than their nominal values. The quantification of sodium concentration on the phantom and brain images enabled better accuracy at the high nominal resolutions than at the low nominal resolution of 3.44 mm (measured resolution 5.5 mm) due to the improvement of in-plane resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxian Qian
- MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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15
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D'Arceuil HE, de Crespigny AJ. Imaging Stroke Evolution after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Non-human Primates. Open Neuroimag J 2011; 5:216-24. [PMID: 22253663 PMCID: PMC3256846 DOI: 10.2174/1874440001105010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews imaging approaches applied to the study of stroke in nonhuman primates. We briefly survey the various surgical and minimally invasive experimental stroke models in nonhuman primates, followed by a summary of studies using computed tomography, positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to monitor stroke from the hyperacute phase (within minutes of the onset of cerebral ischemia) to the chronic phase (1 month and beyond).
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Affiliation(s)
- H E D'Arceuil
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Wetterling F, Gallagher L, Macrae IM, Junge S, Fagan AJ. Regional and temporal variations in tissue sodium concentration during the acute stroke phase. Magn Reson Med 2011; 67:740-9. [PMID: 21678490 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A technique for noninvasively quantifying the concentration of sodium ((23) Na) ions was applied to the study of ischemic stroke. (23) Na-magnetic resonance imaging techniques have shown considerable potential for measuring subtle changes in ischemic tissue, although studies to date have suffered primarily from poor signal/noise ratio. In this study, accurate quantification of tissue sodium concentration (TSC) was achieved in (23) Na images with voxel sizes of 1.2 μL acquired in 10 min. The evolution of TSC was investigated from 0.5 to 8 h in focal cortical and subcortical ischemic tissue following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat (n = 5). Infarct volumes determined from TSC measurements correlated significantly with histology (P = 0.0006). A delayed linear model was fitted to the TSC time course data in each voxel, which revealed that the TSC increase was more immediate (0.2 ± 0.1 h delay time) in subcortical ischemic tissue, whereas it was delayed by 1.6 ± 0.5 h in ischemic cortex (P = 0.0002). No significant differences (P = 0.5) were measured between TSC slope rates in cortical (10.2 ± 1.1 mM/h) and subcortical (9.7 ± 1.1 mM/h) ischemic tissue. The data suggest that any TSC increase measured in ischemic tissue indicates infarction (core) and regions exhibiting a delay to TSC increase indicate potentially salvageable tissue (penumbra).
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