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Patel SH, Campbell NW, Emenim CE, Farino DO, Damen FW, Rispoli JV, Goergen CJ, Haus JM, Sabbaghi A, Carroll CC. Patellar tendon biomechanical and morphologic properties and their relationship to serum clinical variables in persons with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1653-1669. [PMID: 38400550 PMCID: PMC11222058 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Tendon biomechanical properties and fibril organization are altered in patients with diabetes compared to healthy individuals, yet few biomarkers have been associated with in vivo tendon properties. We investigated the relationships between in vivo imaging-based tendon properties, serum variables, and patient characteristics across healthy controls (n = 14, age: 45 ± 5 years, body mass index [BMI]: 24 ± 1, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]: 5.3 ± 0.1%), prediabetes (n = 14, age: 54 ± 5 years, BMI: 29 ± 2; HbA1c: 5.7 ± 0.1), and type 2 diabetes (n = 13, age: 55 ± 3 years, BMI: 33 ± 2, HbA1c: 6.7 ± 0.3). We used ultrasound speckle-tracking and measurements from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to estimate the patellar tendon in vivo tangent modulus. Analysis of plasma c-peptide, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), adiponectin, leptin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and C-reactive protein (CRP) was completed. We built regression models incorporating statistically significant covariates and indicators for the clinically defined groups. We found that tendon cross-sectional area normalized to body weight (BWN CSA) and modulus were lower in patients with type 2 diabetes than in healthy controls (p < 0.05). Our regression analysis revealed that a model that included BMI, leptin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), age, and group explained ~70% of the variability in BWN CSA (R2 = 0.70, p < 0.001). For modulus, including the main effects LDL, groups, HbA1c, age, BMI, cholesterol, IGF-1, c-peptide, leptin, and IL-6, accounted for ~54% of the variability in modulus (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.05). While BWN CSA and modulus were lower in those with diabetes, group was a poor predicter of tendon properties when considering the selected covariates. These data highlight the multifactorial nature of tendon changes with diabetes and suggest that blood variables could be reliable predictors of tendon properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam H. Patel
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Chinonso E. Emenim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Dominick O. Farino
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Frederick W. Damen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Joseph V. Rispoli
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Craig J. Goergen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Jacob M. Haus
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Chad C. Carroll
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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2
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Carroll CC, Campbell NW, Lewis RL, Preston SE, Garrett CM, Winstone HM, Barker AC, Vanos JM, Stouder LS, Reyes C, Fortino MA, Goergen CJ, Hass ZJ, Campbell WW. Greater Protein Intake Emphasizing Lean Beef Does Not Affect Resistance Training-Induced Adaptations in Skeletal Muscle and Tendon of Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial. J Nutr 2024; 154:1803-1814. [PMID: 38604504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although experimental research supports that resistance training (RT), especially with greater dietary protein intake, improves muscle mass and strength in older adults, comparable research on tendons is needed. OBJECTIVES We assessed the effects of a protein-rich diet emphasizing lean beef, compared with 2 control diets, on RT-induced changes in skeletal muscle and tendon size and strength in older women. METHODS We randomly assigned women [age: 66 ± 1 y, body mass index (BMI): 28 ± 1] to groups that consumed 1) 0.8 g total protein/kg body weight/day from mixed food sources (normal protein control, n = 16); 2) 1.4 g/kg/d protein from mixed food sources (high protein control, n = 17); or 3) 1.4 g/kg/d protein emphasizing unprocessed lean beef (high protein experimental group, n = 16). Participants were provided with all foods and performed RT 3 times/wk, 70% of 1-repetition maximum for 12 wk. We measured quadriceps muscle volume via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We estimated patellar tendon biomechanical properties and cross-sectional area (CSA) using ultrasound and MRI. RESULTS Dietary intake did not influence RT-induced increases in quadriceps strength (P < 0.0001) or muscle volume (P < 0.05). We noted a trend for an RT effect on mean tendon CSA (P = 0.07), with no differences among diets (P > 0.05). Proximal tendon CSA increased with RT (P < 0.05) with no difference between dietary groups (P > 0.05). Among all participants, midtendon CSA increased with RT (P ≤ 0.05). We found a decrease in distal CSA in the 0.8 g group (P < 0.05) but no change in the 1.4 g group (P > 0.05). Patellar tendon MRI signal or biomechanical properties were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that greater daily protein intake, emphasizing beef, did not influence RT-induced changes in quadriceps muscle strength or muscle volume of older women. Although we noted trends in tendon CSA, we did not find a statistically significant impact of greater daily protein intake from beef on tendon outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04347447.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad C Carroll
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
| | - Nathan Wc Campbell
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Rebecca L Lewis
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sarah E Preston
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Chloe M Garrett
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Hannah M Winstone
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Anna C Barker
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Johnny M Vanos
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lucas S Stouder
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Camila Reyes
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Matthew A Fortino
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Zachary J Hass
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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McNish R, Lohse K, Pruthi S, Hastings MK, Zheng J, Zellers JA. Achilles tendon assessment on quantitative MRI: Sources of variability and relationships to tendinopathy. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14650. [PMID: 38712745 PMCID: PMC11081531 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative MRI (qMRI) measures are useful in assessing musculoskeletal tissues, but application to tendon has been limited. The purposes of this study were to optimize, identify sources of variability, and establish reproducibility of qMRI to assess Achilles tendon. Additionally, preliminarily estimates of effect of tendon pathology on qMRI metrics and structure-function relationships between qMRI measures and ankle performance were examined. T1, T1ρ, T2, and T2* maps of the Achilles tendon were obtained using a 3T MRI scanner. In participants with asymptomatic tendons (n = 21), MRI procedures were repeated twice, and region of interest selection was performed by three raters. Variance decomposition and reproducibility statistics were completed. To estimate the effect of pathology, qMRI measures from individuals with asymptomatic tendons were compared to qMRI measures from a pilot group of individuals with Achilles tendinopathy (n = 7). Relationships between qMRI and ankle performance measures were assessed. Between-participant variation accounted for the majority of variability (46.7%-64.0%) in all qMRI measures except T2*. ICCs met or exceeded 0.7 for all qMRI measures when averaged across raters or scans. Relaxation times were significantly longer in tendinopathic tendons (mean (SD) T1: 977.8 (208.6) ms, T1ρ: 35.4 (7.1) ms, T2: 42.8 (7.9) ms, T2*: 14.1 (7.6) ms, n = 7) compared to asymptomatic control tendons (T1: 691.7 (32.4) ms, T1ρ: 24.0 (3.6) ms, T2: 24.4 (7.5) ms, T2*: 9.5 (3.4) ms, n = 21) (p < 0.011 for all comparisons). T1 related to functional performance measures in symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. Study findings suggest that qMRI is reliable to assess the Achilles tendon. qMRI quantitatively assesses the presence of tendon pathology and relates to functional performance outcomes, supporting the utility of incorporating qMRI in research and clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reika McNish
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Keith Lohse
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Saksham Pruthi
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mary K Hastings
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer A Zellers
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Monte A, Skypala J, Vilimek D, Juras V, Jandacka D. Correlations between Achilles tendon material and structural properties and quantitative magnetic resonance imagining in different athletic populations. J Biomech 2023; 159:111796. [PMID: 37696235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Achilles tendon stiffness (kAT) and Young's modulus (yAT) are important determinants of tendon function. However, their evaluation requires sophisticated equipment and time-consuming procedures. The goal of this study was twofold: to compare kAT and yAT between populations using the classical approach proposed in the literature (a combination of ultrasound and force data) and the MRI technique to understand the MRI's capability in determining differences in kAT and yAT. Furthermore, we investigated potential correlations between short and long T2* relaxation time, kAT and yAT to determine whether T2* relaxation time may be associated with material or structural properties. Twelve endurance and power athlete, and twelve healthy controls were recruited. AT T2* short and long components were measured using standard gradient echo MRI at rest, while kAT and yAT were evaluated using the classical method (combination of ultrasound and dynamometric measurements). Power athletes had the highest kAT (3064 ± 260, 2714 ± 260 and 2238 ± 189 N/mm for power athletes, endurance athletes and healthy control, respectively) and yAT (2.39 ± 0.28, 1.64 ± 0.22 and 1.97 ± 0.32 GPa for power athletes, endurance athletes and healthy control, respectively) and the lowest T2* short component (0.58 ± 0.07, 0.77 ± 0.06 and 0.74 ± 0.08 ms for power athletes, endurance athletes and healthy control, respectively). Endurance athletes had the highest T2* long component value. No correlations were reported between T2* long component, kAT or yAT in the investigated populations, whereas the T2* short component was negatively correlated with yAT. These results suggest that T2* short component could be used to investigate the differences in AT material properties in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Monte
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Jiri Skypala
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Vilimek
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, Ostrava - Poruba 70800, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Juras
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Jandacka
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Zellers JA, Edalati M, Eekhoff JD, McNish R, Tang SY, Lake SP, Mueller MJ, Hastings MK, Zheng J. Quantative MRI predicts tendon mechanical behavior, collagen composition, and organization. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2329-2338. [PMID: 36324161 PMCID: PMC10151441 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) measures have provided insights into the composition, quality, and structure-function of musculoskeletal tissues. Low signal-to-noise ratio has limited application to tendon. Advances in scanning sequences and sample positioning have improved signal from tendon allowing for evaluation of structure and function. The purpose of this study was to elucidate relationships between tendon qMRI metrics (T1, T2, T1ρ and diffusion tensor imaging [DTI] metrics) with tendon tissue mechanics, collagen concentration and organization. Sixteen human Achilles tendon specimens were collected, imaged with qMRI, and subjected to mechanical testing with quantitative polarized light imaging. T2 values were related to tendon mechanics [peak stress (rsp = 0.51, p = 0.044), equilibrium stress (rsp = 0.54, p = 0.033), percent relaxation (rsp = -0.55, p = 0.027), hysteresis (rsp = -0.64, p = 0.007), linear modulus (rsp = 0.67, p = 0.009)]. T1ρ had a statistically significant relationship with percent relaxation (r = 0.50, p = 0.048). Collagen content was significantly related to DTI measures (range of r = 0.56-0.62). T2 values from a single slice of the midportion of human Achilles tendons were strongest predictors of tendon tensile mechanical metrics. DTI diffusivity indices (mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity) were strongly correlated with collagen content. These findings build on a growing body of literature supporting the feasibility of qMRI to characterize tendon tissue and noninvasively measure tendon structure and function. Statement of Clinical Significance: Quantitative MRI can be applied to characterize tendon tissue and is a noninvasive measure that relates to tendon composition and mechanical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Zellers
- Program in Physical Therapy; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Masoud Edalati
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Jeremy D. Eekhoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Reika McNish
- Program in Physical Therapy; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Simon Y. Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Spencer P. Lake
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science; Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Michael J. Mueller
- Program in Physical Therapy; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Mary K. Hastings
- Program in Physical Therapy; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Jie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
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Pringels L, Cook JL, Witvrouw E, Burssens A, Vanden Bossche L, Wezenbeek E. Exploring the role of intratendinous pressure in the pathogenesis of tendon pathology: a narrative review and conceptual framework. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1042-1048. [PMID: 36323498 PMCID: PMC10423488 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of tendon pathology in athletes, the underlying pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Various aetiological theories have been presented and rejected in the past, but the tendon cell response model still holds true. This model describes how the tendon cell is the key regulator of the extracellular matrix and how pathology is induced by a failed adaptation to a disturbance of tissue homeostasis. Such failure has been attributed to various kinds of stressors (eg, mechanical, thermal and ischaemic), but crucial elements seem to be missing to fully understand the pathogenesis. Importantly, a disturbance of tissue pressure homeostasis has not yet been considered a possible factor, despite it being associated with numerous pathologies. Therefore, we conducted an extensive narrative literature review on the possible role of intratendinous pressure in the pathogenesis of tendon pathology. This review explores the current understanding of pressure dynamics and the role of tissue pressure in the pathogenesis of other disorders with structural similarities to tendons. By bridging these insights with known structural changes that occur in tendon pathology, a conceptual model was constituted. This model provides an overview of the possible mechanism of how an increase in intratendinous pressure might be involved in the development and progression of tendon pathology and contribute to tendon pain. In addition, some therapies that could reduce intratendinous pressure and accelerate tendon healing are proposed. Further experimental research is encouraged to investigate our hypotheses and to initiate debate on the relevance of intratendinous pressure in tendon pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Pringels
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jill L Cook
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erik Witvrouw
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Burssens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Vanden Bossche
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evi Wezenbeek
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Yeung CYC, Svensson RB, Yurchenko K, Malmgaard-Clausen NM, Tryggedsson I, Lendal M, Jokipii-Utzon A, Olesen JL, Lu Y, Kadler KE, Schjerling P, Kjaer M. Disruption of day-to-night changes in circadian gene expression with chronic tendinopathy. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 36810732 DOI: 10.1113/jp284083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Overuse injury in tendon tissue (tendinopathy) is a frequent and costly musculoskeletal disorder and represents a major clinical problem with unsolved pathogenesis. Studies in mice have demonstrated that circadian clock-controlled genes are vital for protein homeostasis and important in the development of tendinopathy. We performed RNA sequencing, collagen content and ultrastructural analyses on human tendon biopsies obtained 12 h apart in healthy individuals to establish whether human tendon is a peripheral clock tissue and we performed RNA sequencing on patients with chronic tendinopathy to examine the expression of circadian clock genes in tendinopathic tissues. We found time-dependent expression of 280 RNAs including 11 conserved circadian clock genes in healthy tendons and markedly fewer (23) differential RNAs with chronic tendinopathy. Further, the expression of COL1A1 and COL1A2 was reduced at night but was not circadian rhythmic in synchronised human tenocyte cultures. In conclusion, day-to-night changes in gene expression in healthy human patellar tendons indicate a conserved circadian clock as well as the existence of a night reduction in collagen I expression. KEY POINTS: Tendinopathy is a major clinical problem with unsolved pathogenesis. Previous work in mice has shown that a robust circadian rhythm is required for collagen homeostasis in tendons. The use of circadian medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of tendinopathy has been stifled by the lack of studies on human tissue. Here, we establish that the expression of circadian clock genes in human tendons is time dependent, and now we have data to corroborate that circadian output is reduced in diseased tendon tissues. We consider our findings to be of significance in advancing the use of the tendon circadian clock as a therapeutic target or preclinical biomarker for tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yan Chloé Yeung
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René B Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kateryna Yurchenko
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj M Malmgaard-Clausen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Tryggedsson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marius Lendal
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Jokipii-Utzon
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens L Olesen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yinhui Lu
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karl E Kadler
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Fang Y, Zhu D, Wu W, Yu W, Li S, Ma Y. Assessment of Achilles Tendon Changes After Long‐Distance Running Using Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetization Transfer
MR
Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 56:814-823. [PMID: 35060638 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Fang
- Department of Radiology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai China
| | - Dantian Zhu
- Department of Radiology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai China
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Department of Radiology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Department of Radiology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai China
| | - Shaolin Li
- Department of Radiology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai China
| | - Ya‐Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology University of California, San Diego San Diego California USA
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