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Farrell KD, Gao Y, Hughes DA, Henches R, Tu Z, Perkins MV, Zhang T, Francis CL. 3-Methoxy-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines highly active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115637. [PMID: 37524009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3-methoxy-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives which were highly active against autoluminescent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium marinum (Mm) in an in vitro assay were identified. SAR analysis showed that the most active compounds, which included a phenyl group bearing fluoro substituent(s) at C2, a methoxy function at C3, and a benzyl-heteroatom moiety at C6, exhibited in vitro MIC90 values generally around 0.63-1.26 μM against Mtb and Mm. However, these compounds were inactive against Mtb in vivo (mice), and investigations revealed very short metabolic half-lives (<10 min) when incubated with mouse liver microsomes. Multiple observations of side products produced from oxidative cleavage of the imidazole moiety during the chemical synthesis work suggested that this is a likely metabolic pathway leading to the lack of observed activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Farrell
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Yamin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Deborah A Hughes
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Team, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Robin Henches
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Team, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Zhengchao Tu
- Drug Discovery Pipeline & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Michael V Perkins
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Craig L Francis
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Team, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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2
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Samarasinghe I, Attygalle AB. Impact of Ambient Vapors on Spectra of 4-Nitroaniline Recorded under Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP) Mass Spectrometric Conditions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:205-217. [PMID: 36689202 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermally desorbed 4-nitroaniline (4-NA), upon atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), generates gaseous ions for its protonated species. The APCI mass spectrum recorded under mild in-source ion-activating conditions from 4-NA showed a peak at m/z 139, whereas that acquired under high ion-activating conditions showed two additional peaks at m/z 122 (•OH loss) and 92 (•NO loss). The spectrum changed instantaneously when acetonitrile vapor was introduced to the source. In the new spectrum, both m/z 122 and 92 peaks were absent, while a new peak appeared at m/z 93. Ion-mobility separation carried out with the m/z 139 ion revealed that the initial ion represented the thermodynamically favored nitro-protonated tautomer. The ion population changed to an ensemble dominated by the less-favored amino-protomer when acetonitrile vapor was introduced to the ion source. The amino-protomer, upon collisional activation, loses •NO2 to generate an m/z 93 ion, which was confirmed to be the 4-dehydroanilinium ion. Ion mobility provided a practical way to monitor the changes secured by acetonitrile vapor because the two protomers showed different arrival times. Under spray-ionization conditions, the formation of the thermodynamically less favored protomer has been attributed to kinetic trapping. Our study demonstrated that the less favored amino-protomer could be generated by introducing acetonitrile vapor under nonspray conditions. Apparently, under APCI conditions, protonated water vapor attaches to the nitro group to generate a proton-bound heterodimer, which upon activation dissociates to yield the nitro-protomer. In contrast, protonated acetonitrile makes a tighter complex preferentially with the amino group, which upon activation breaks to the amino-protomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishira Samarasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey07030, United States
| | - Athula B Attygalle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey07030, United States
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3
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Zhao S, Ali AS, Kong X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Skidmore MA, Forsyth CM, Savage GP, Wu D, Xu Y, Francis CL. 1-Benzyloxy-5-phenyltetrazole derivatives highly active against androgen receptor-dependent prostate cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114982. [PMID: 36495632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1-benzyloxy-5-phenyltetrazole derivatives and similar compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against androgen-receptor-dependent (22Rv1) and androgen-receptor independent (PC3) prostate cancer cells. The most active compounds had in vitro IC50 values against 22Rv1 cells of <50 nM and showed apparent selectivity for this cell type over PC3 cells; however, these active compounds had short half-lives when incubated with mouse liver microsomes and/or when plasma concentration was monitored during in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in mice or rats. Importantly, lead compound 1 exhibited promising inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, expression of AR and its splicing variant AR-v7 as well as AR regulated target genes in 22Rv1 cells, which are so called castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells, and a 22Rv1 CRPC xenograft tumour model in mice. Structural changes which omitted the N-O-benzyl moiety led to dramatic or total loss of activity and S-benzylation of a cysteine derivative, as a surrogate for in vivo S-nucleophiles, by representative highly active compounds, suggested a possible chemical reactivity basis for this "activity cliff" and poor pharmacokinetic profile. However, representative highly active compounds did not inhibit a cysteine protease, indicating that the mode of activity is unlikely to be protein modification by S-benzylation. Despite our efforts to elucidate the mode of action, the mechanism remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Abdelsalam S Ali
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Team, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Xinyu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | | | - Craig M Forsyth
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Team, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Craig L Francis
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Team, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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4
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Yue H, He F, Zhao Z, Duan Y. Plasma-based ambient mass spectrometry: Recent progress and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:95-130. [PMID: 34128567 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) has grown as a group of advanced analytical techniques that allow for the direct sampling and ionization of the analytes in different statuses from their native environment without or with minimum sample pretreatments. As a significant category of AMS, plasma-based AMS has gained a lot of attention due to its features that allow rapid, real-time, high-throughput, in vivo, and in situ analysis in various fields, including bioanalysis, pharmaceuticals, forensics, food safety, and mass spectrometry imaging. Tens of new methods have been developed since the introduction of the first plasma-based AMS technique direct analysis in real-time. This review first provides a comprehensive overview of the established plasma-based AMS techniques from their ion source configurations, mechanisms, and developments. Then, the progress of the representative applications in various scientific fields in the past 4 years (January 2017 to January 2021) has been summarized. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and propose the future directions of plasma-based AMS from our perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlu Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feiyao He
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongjun Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Fast and semiquantitative screening for sildenafil in herbal over-the-counter formulations with atmospheric pressure solid analysis probe (ASAP) to prevent medicinal adulteration. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 214:114720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ray AD, Clemens G, Holman SW. Application of open port sampling interface mass spectrometry (OPSI-MS) to deuterium exchange as an aid for structural elucidation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35 Suppl 2:e8536. [PMID: 31336014 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Deuterium exchange has been demonstrated to provide additional information to accurate mass measurement and collision-induced dissociation on unknown chemical structures. An enhanced method for rapid deuterium exchange could make this technique more routine for structural elucidation. Open port sampling interface mass spectrometry (OPSI-MS) with an aprotic solvent offers a rapid method for performing deuterium incorporation. METHODS Samples of standard drug molecules have been analysed by OPSI-MS directly from solids using a make-up flow of acetonitrile + 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. The resultant spectra were compared with those obtained by OPSI-MS analysis of the samples dissolved in deuterium oxide (D2 O). Solutions of these molecules in acetonitrile/D2 O were analysed using an Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP) at different temperatures to compare the suitability of this technique. RESULTS The number of exchangeable hydrogens was obtained through deuterium exchange using the OPSI source, although there was some incomplete exchange or back-exchange observed. Molecules with one to five exchangeable hydrogens were successfully analysed. ASAP analysis produced more complicated spectra with higher levels of incomplete or back-exchanged ions; this was more pronounced at higher temperatures. CONCLUSIONS The use of OPSI provides a method for the rapid determination of the number of exchangeable hydrogens within a molecule. This yields useful information as an aid to the structural elucidation of unknowns. ASAP produces incomplete exchange and cannot be used for incorporation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Ray
- Global Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Graeme Clemens
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Stephen W Holman
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
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Yun N, Kim HJ, Park SC, Park G, Kim MK, Choi YH, Jang YP. Localization of Major Ephedra Alkaloids in Whole Aerial Parts of Ephedrae Herba Using Direct Analysis in Real Time-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030580. [PMID: 33499348 PMCID: PMC7865826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based molecular imaging has been utilized to map the spatial distribution of target metabolites in various matrixes. Among the diverse mass spectrometry techniques, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is the most popular for molecular imaging due to its powerful spatial resolution. This unparalleled high resolution, however, can paradoxically act as a bottleneck when the bio-imaging of large areas, such as a whole plant, is required. To address this issue and provide a more versatile tool for large scale bio-imaging, direct analysis in real-time-time of flight-mass spectrometry (DART-TOF-MS), an ambient ionization MS, was applied to whole plant bio-imaging of a medicinal plant, Ephedrae Herba. The whole aerial part of the plant was cut into 10–20 cm long pieces, and each part was further cut longitudinally to compare the contents of major ephedra alkaloids between the outer surface and inner part of the stem. Using optimized DART-TOF-MS conditions, molecular imaging of major ephedra alkaloids of the whole aerial part of a single plant was successfully achieved. The concentration of alkaloids analyzed in this study was found to be higher on the inner section than the outer surface of stems. Moreover, side branches, which are used in traditional medicine, represented a far higher concentration of alkaloids than the main stem. In terms of the spatial metabolic distribution, the contents of alkaloids gradually decreased towards the end of branch tips. In this study, a fast and simple macro-scale MS imaging of the whole plant was successfully developed using DART-TOF-MS. This application on the localization of secondary metabolites in whole plants can provide an area of new research using ambient ionization mass spectroscopy and an unprecedented macro-scale view of the biosynthesis and distribution of active components in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Yun
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong 1, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (N.Y.); (S.C.P.); (G.P.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Division of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong 1, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.J.K.); (Y.H.C.)
| | - Sang Cheol Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong 1, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (N.Y.); (S.C.P.); (G.P.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Geonha Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong 1, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (N.Y.); (S.C.P.); (G.P.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Min Kyoung Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong 1, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (N.Y.); (S.C.P.); (G.P.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Young Hae Choi
- Division of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong 1, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.J.K.); (Y.H.C.)
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Young Pyo Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong 1, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (N.Y.); (S.C.P.); (G.P.); (M.K.K.)
- Division of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong 1, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.J.K.); (Y.H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-9421
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8
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Naim A, Farenc M, Hubert-Roux M, Chavagnan T, Cirriez V, Welle A, Vantomme A, Kirillov E, Carpentier JF, Afonso C, Giusti P. Paraffin-Inert Atmospheric Solid Analysis Probe: A Fast and Easy Approach To Characterize Extremely Air-Sensitive Organometallic Complexes by Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2922-2925. [PMID: 31841630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rational characterization of most organometallic compounds is hampered by their high reactivity, in particular, toward oxygen and water. Mass spectrometry experiments require physical introduction of the sample in the ionization source. So, the main challenge is to transfer air-sensitive organometallic compounds from inert atmosphere to the ionization source. In this aim, we have developed an easy technique that allows the analysis of air-sensitive compounds using the atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP). This method consists of a glass capillary filled with the sample (solid or liquid) and sealed by a paraffin plug to maintain the inert sample until the ionization process. It is illustrated through the structural characterization of a new highly air-sensitive dinuclear zirconium complex supported by an original switchable stilbene platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Naim
- Normandy University , INSA Rouen, UMR 6014, University of Rouen, Chimie Organique et Bioorganique - Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA), 76821 Mont Saint Aignan , France
| | - Mathilde Farenc
- Total Research and Technologies Gonfreville BP 27, 76700 Harfleur , France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization , TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur , France
| | - Marie Hubert-Roux
- Normandy University , INSA Rouen, UMR 6014, University of Rouen, Chimie Organique et Bioorganique - Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA), 76821 Mont Saint Aignan , France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization , TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur , France
| | - Thierry Chavagnan
- University of Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226 , 35000 Rennes , France
| | - Virginie Cirriez
- Total Research and Technologies Feluy , Zone Industrielle C, B-7181 Feluy , Belgium
| | - Alexandre Welle
- Total Research and Technologies Feluy , Zone Industrielle C, B-7181 Feluy , Belgium
| | - Aurelien Vantomme
- Total Research and Technologies Feluy , Zone Industrielle C, B-7181 Feluy , Belgium
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- University of Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226 , 35000 Rennes , France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- University of Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226 , 35000 Rennes , France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandy University , INSA Rouen, UMR 6014, University of Rouen, Chimie Organique et Bioorganique - Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA), 76821 Mont Saint Aignan , France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization , TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur , France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- Total Research and Technologies Gonfreville BP 27, 76700 Harfleur , France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization , TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur , France
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9
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York M, Jarvis KE, Freemont JA, Ryan JH, Savage GP, Logan SA, Bright L. A Scalable, Combined-Batch, and Continuous-Flow Synthesis of a Bio-Inspired UV-B Absorber. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new, chromatography-free synthesis for the preparation of an experimental UV-B absorber is reported. A key step of the process is a one-pot partial reduction of a symmetrical imide with a sequential dehydration step. The synthesis uses several continuous-flow steps to increase sample throughput and was used to prepare sufficient material to support further testing activities in >99% purity.
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10
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Chakrabarty S, Shelver WL, Hakk H, Smith DJ. Atmospheric Solid Analysis Probe and Modified Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Screening and Semi-Quantification of Zilpaterol in Urine and Tissues of Sheep. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10871-10880. [PMID: 30295475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ambient ionization mass spectrometric methods including desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP) have great potential for applications requiring real-time screening of target molecules in complex matrixes. Such techniques can also rapidly produce repeatable semiquantitative data, with minimal sample preparation, relative to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In this study, a commercial ASAP probe was used to conduct both ASAP-MS and modified DESI (MDESI) MS analyses. We conducted real-time qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of the leanness-enhancing agent zilpaterol in incurred sheep urine, kidney, muscle, liver, and lung samples using ASAP-MS and MDESI MS. Using ASAP, limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) in urine were 1.1 and 3.7 ng/mL, respectively, while for MDESI MS they were 1.3 and 4.4 ng/mL, respectively. The LODs for tissues were 0.1-0.4 ng/g using ASAP, and 0.2-0.6 ng/g with MDESI MS. The LOQs of the tissues in ASAP were 0.4-1.2 ng/g and 0.5-2.1 ng/g in MDESI MS. Trace levels of zilpaterol were accurately analyzed in urine and tissues of sheep treated with dietary zilpaterol HCl. The correlation coefficient ( R2) between semiquantitative ASAP-MS and MDESI MS results of urine samples was 0.872. The data from ASAP and MDESI MS were validated using LC-MS/MS; urinary zilpaterol concentrations ≥5.0 ng/mL or tissue zilpaterol concentrations ≥1.5 ng/g were detected by ASAP and MDESI MS, respectively, 100% of the time. Forty samples could be analyzed in triplicate, directly from biological matrixes in under an hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhashis Chakrabarty
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service , Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory , 1616 Albrecht Boulevard , Fargo , North Dakota 58102 , United States
| | - Weilin L Shelver
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service , Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory , 1616 Albrecht Boulevard , Fargo , North Dakota 58102 , United States
| | - Heldur Hakk
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service , Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory , 1616 Albrecht Boulevard , Fargo , North Dakota 58102 , United States
| | - David J Smith
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service , Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory , 1616 Albrecht Boulevard , Fargo , North Dakota 58102 , United States
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5-Amino-3-(diethylamino)-5H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,6]thiatriazine 1,1-Dioxide. MOLBANK 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/m1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the quest for discovery of novel bioactive molecules, new heterocyclic ring systems provide templates for exploration of uncharted chemical space. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a new benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,6]thiatriazine derivative from readily available 1,2-diaminobenzimidazole and N,N-diethyl-N′-chlorosulfonyl chloroformamidine. The product structure, confirmed by X-ray crystallography, bears an exocyclic NH2 group, which should enable synthesis of an extended range of derivatives of this unusual scaffold.
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12
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Mendes Siqueira AL, Beaumesnil M, Hubert-Roux M, Loutelier-Bourhis C, Afonso C, Bai Y, Courtiade M, Racaud A. Atmospheric Solid Analysis Probe Coupled to Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry, a Fast and Simple Method for Polyalphaolefin Characterization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1678-1687. [PMID: 29855890 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyalphaolefins (PAOs) are polymers produced from linear alpha olefins through catalytic oligomerization processes. The PAOs are known as synthetic high-performance base stock fluids used to improve the efficiency of many other synthetic products. In this study, we report the direct characterization of PAOs using atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP) coupled with ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS). We studied different PAOs grades exhibiting low- and high-viscosity index. Specific adjustments of the ASAP source parameters permitted the monitoring of ionization processes as three mechanisms could occur for these compounds: hydride abstraction, nitrogen addition, and/or the formation of [M-2H]+• ions. Several series of fragment ions were obtained, which allowed the identification of the alpha olefin used to synthesize the PAO. The use of the ion mobility separation dimension provides information on isomeric species. In addition, the drift time versus m/z plots permitted rapid comparison between PAO samples and to evidence their complexity. These 2D plots appear as fingerprints of PAO samples. To conclude, the resort to ASAP-IMS-MS provides a rapid characterization of the PAO samples in a direct analysis approach, without any sample preparation. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luiza Mendes Siqueira
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
- TOTAL Marketing Services, Research Center, 69360, Solaize, France
| | - Mathieu Beaumesnil
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
- TOTAL Marketing Services, Research Center, 69360, Solaize, France
| | - Marie Hubert-Roux
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Loutelier-Bourhis
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.
| | - Yang Bai
- TOTAL Marketing Services, Research Center, 69360, Solaize, France
| | - Marion Courtiade
- TOTAL Marketing Services, Research Center, 69360, Solaize, France
| | - Amandine Racaud
- TOTAL Marketing Services, Research Center, 69360, Solaize, France
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Gaiffe G, Cole RB, Lacpatia S, Bridoux MC. Characterization of Fluorinated Polymers by Atmospheric-Solid-Analysis-Probe High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (ASAP/HRMS) Combined with Kendrick-Mass-Defect Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6035-6042. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gaiffe
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- DAM, DIF, CEA, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - Richard B. Cole
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sabrina Lacpatia
- Laboratoire Central de la Préfecture de Police, 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015 Paris, France
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14
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Jagerdeo E, Wriston A. Rapid analysis of forensic-related samples using two ambient ionization techniques coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometers. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:782-790. [PMID: 28263006 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE This paper highlights the versatility of interfacing two ambient ionization techniques, Laser Diode Thermal Desorption (LDTD) and Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP), to high-resolution mass spectrometers and demonstrate the method's capability to rapidly generate high-quality data from multiple sample types with minimal, if any, sample preparation. METHODS For ASAP-MS analysis of solid and liquid samples, the material was transferred to a capillary surface before being introduced into the mass spectrometer. For LDTD-MS analysis, samples were solvent extracted, spotted in a 96-well plate, and the solvent was evaporated before being introduced into the mass spectrometer. All analyses were performed using Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization in positive mode. RESULTS Seven consumer "Spice" packets were combined and analyzed by both ASAP and LDTD, which identified 11 synthetic cannabinoids/cathinones by full MS and MS/MS experiments. To further show the usefulness of these techniques, black tar heroin was analyzed, which resulted in the identification of heroin and its impurities (monoacetylmorphine, papaverine, and noscapine). These experiments were performed on the LTQ-Orbitrap to demonstrate the ability to perform both parallel and serial MS and MSn experiments. CONCLUSIONS Interfacing LDTD and ASAP to high-resolution mass spectrometers allows for expeditious analysis of a wide range of samples, with minimal or no sample preparation. Both allow for rapid full scan, MS/MS, and/or MSn experiments from a single sample introduction. Published in 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshwar Jagerdeo
- Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, Quantico, VA, 22135, USA
| | - Amanda Wriston
- Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, Quantico, VA, 22135, USA
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15
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Chen W, Nkosi TA, Combrinck S, Viljoen AM, Cartwright-Jones C. Rapid analysis of the skin irritant p -phenylenediamine (PPD) in henna products using atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:119-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Xiao X, Miller LL, Parchert KJ, Hayes D, Hochrein JM. Atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectrometry for the rapid identification of pollens and semi-quantification of flavonoid fingerprints. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1639-1646. [PMID: 27321852 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE From allergies to plant reproduction, pollens have important impacts on the health of human and plant populations, yet identification of pollen grains remains difficult and time-consuming. Low-volatility flavonoids generated from pollens cannot be easily characterized and quantified with current analytical techniques. METHODS Here we present the novel use of atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectrometry (ASAP-MS) for the characterization of flavonoids in pollens. Flavonoid patterns were generated for pollens collected from different plant types (trees and bushes) in addition to bee pollens from distinct geographic regions. Standard flavonoids (kaempferol and rhamnazin) and those produced from pollens were compared and assessed with ASAP-MS using low-energy collision MS/MS. Results for a semi-quantitative method for assessing the amount of a flavonoid in pollens are also presented. RESULTS Flavonoid patterns for pollen samples were distinct with variability in the number and relative abundance of flavonoids in each sample. Pollens contained 2-5 flavonoids, and all but Kochia scoparia contained kaempferol or kaempferol isomers. We establish this method as a reliable and applicable technique for analyzing low-volatility compounds with minimal sample preparation. Standard curves were generated using 0.2-5 μg of kaempferol; from these experiments, it was estimated that there is approximately 2 mg of kaempferol present in 1 g of P. nigra italica pollen. CONCLUSIONS Pollens can be characterized with a simple flavonoid pattern rather than analyzing the whole product pattern or the products-temperature profiles. ASAP-MS is a rapid analytical technique that can be used to distinguish between plant pollens and between bee pollens originating from different regions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Xiao
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Lance L Miller
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | | | - Dulce Hayes
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
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17
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Crevelin EJ, Salami FH, Alves MNR, De Martinis BS, Crotti AEM, Moraes LAB. Direct Analysis of Amphetamine Stimulants in a Whole Urine Sample by Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:944-947. [PMID: 26907179 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are among illicit stimulant drugs that are most often used worldwide. A major challenge is to develop a fast and efficient methodology involving minimal sample preparation to analyze ATS in biological fluids. In this study, a urine pool solution containing amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, sibutramine, and fenfluramine at concentrations ranging from 0.5 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL was prepared and analyzed by atmospheric solids analysis probe tandem mass spectrometry (ASAP-MS/MS) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). A urine sample and saliva collected from a volunteer contributor (V1) were also analyzed. The limit of detection of the tested compounds ranged between 0.002 and 0.4 ng/mL in urine samples; the signal-to-noise ratio was 5. These results demonstrated that the ASAP-MS/MS methodology is applicable for the fast detection of ATS in urine samples with great sensitivity and specificity, without the need for cleanup, preconcentration, or chromatographic separation. Thus ASAP-MS/MS could potentially be used in clinical and forensic toxicology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Crevelin
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda H Salami
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela N R Alves
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno S De Martinis
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio E M Crotti
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A B Moraes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Xiao X, Miller LL, Bernstein R, Hochrein JM. Thermal degradation of β-carotene studied by ion mobility atmospheric solid analysis probe mass spectrometry: full product pattern and selective ionization enhancement. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:309-314. [PMID: 27041662 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric solid analysis probe mass spectrometry has the capability of capturing full product patterns simultaneously including both volatile and semi-volatile compounds produced at elevated temperatures. Real-time low-energy collision-induced fragmentation combined with ion mobility separations enables rapid identification of the chemical structures of products. We present here for the first time the recognition of full product patterns resulting from the thermal degradation of β-carotene at temperatures up to 600 °C. Solvent vapor-induced ionization enhancement is observed, which reveals parallel thermal dissociation processes that lead to even- and odd-numbered mass products. The drift-time distributions of high mass products, along with β-carotene, were monitored with temperature, showing multiple conformations that are associated with the presence of two β-rings. Products of masses 346/347, however, show a single conformation distribution, which indicates the separation of two β-rings resulting from the direct bond scission at the polyene hydrocarbon chain. The thermal degradation pathways are evaluated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Xiao
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Smoluch M, Mielczarek P, Silberring J. Plasma-based ambient ionization mass spectrometry in bioanalytical sciences. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:22-34. [PMID: 25988731 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-based ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques are gaining growing interest due to their specific features, such as the need for little or no sample preparation, its high analysis speed, and the ambient experimental conditions. Samples can be analyzed in gas, liquid, or solid forms. These techniques allow for a wide range of applications, like warfare agent detection, chemical reaction control, mass spectrometry imaging, polymer identification, and food safety monitoring, as well as applications in biomedical science, e.g., drug and pharmaceutical analysis, medical diagnostics, biochemical analysis, etc. Until now, the main drawback of plasma-based techniques is their quantitative aspect, but a lot of efforts have been done to improve this obstacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Smoluch
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Sklodowskiej St. 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
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WANG SK, WEI XY, WANG YG, LI ZK, CHEN YX, XU DD, TENG QQ, LI WT, LIU XX, ZHOU MY, ZONG ZM. Compositional features of extracts from Shenmu char powder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-5813(16)30005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Briône W, Brekelmans M, Eijndhoven FV, Schenkel E, Noij T. Development and validation of a method for the analysis of hydroxyzine hydrochloride in extracellular solution used in in vitro preclinical safety studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:69-73. [PMID: 26163869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the process of drug development, preclinical safety studies are to be performed that require the analysis of the compound at very low concentrations with high demands on the performance of the analytical methods. In the current study, a UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantify hydroxyzine hydrochloride in an extracellular solution used in a hERG assay in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10μM (4.5ng/ml-4.5μg/ml). Chromatographic separation was achieved isocratically on an Acquity BEH C18 analytical column. The assay was validated at concentrations of 0.11-1.1ng/ml in end solution for hydroxyzine hydrochloride. Linearity was demonstrated over the range of concentrations of 0.06-0.17ng/ml and over the range of concentrations of 0.6-1.7ng/ml in end solution with the coefficient of correlation r>0.99. Accuracy of the achieved concentration, intra-run, and inter-run precision of the method were well within the acceptance criteria (being mean recovery of 80-120% and relative standard deviation ≤10.0%). The limit of quantification in extracellular solution was 0.09ng/ml. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride in extracellular solution proved to be stable when stored in the fridge at 4-8°C for at least 37 days, at room temperature for at least 16 days and at +35°C for at least 16 days. The analytical method was successfully applied in hERG assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Briône
- UCB Pharma S.A., Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine L'Alleud, Belgium.
| | - Mari Brekelmans
- WIL Research Europe B.V., Hambakenwetering 7, 5231 DD 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Freek van Eijndhoven
- WIL Research Europe B.V., Hambakenwetering 7, 5231 DD 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Schenkel
- UCB Pharma S.A., Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine L'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Theo Noij
- WIL Research Europe B.V., Hambakenwetering 7, 5231 DD 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Ambient ionization MS has become very popular in analytical science and has now evolved as an effective analytical tool in metabolomics, biological tissue imaging, protein and small molecule drug analysis, where biological samples are probed in a rapid and direct fashion with minimal sample preparation at ambient conditions. However, certain inherent challenges continue to hinder the vibrant prospects of these methods for in situ analyses or to replace conventional methods in bioanalysis. This review provides an introduction to the field and its application in bioanalysis, with an emphasis on the most recent developments and applications. Furthermore, ongoing challenges or limitations related to quantitation, sensitivity, selectivity, instrumentation and mass range of these ambient methods will also be discussed.
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Direct characterization of polyurethanes and additives by atmospheric solid analysis probe with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ASAP-TOF-MS). Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7175-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ding X, Duan Y. Plasma-based ambient mass spectrometry techniques: The current status and future prospective. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:449-73. [PMID: 24338668 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-based ambient mass spectrometry is emerging as a frontier technology for direct analysis of sample that employs low-energy plasma as the ionization reagent. The versatile sources of ambient mass spectrometry (MS) can be classified according to the plasma formation approaches; namely, corona discharge, glow discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, and microwave-induced discharge. These techniques allow pretreatment-free detection of samples, ranging from biological materials (e.g., flies, bacteria, plants, tissues, peptides, metabolites, and lipids) to pharmaceuticals, food-stuffs, polymers, chemical warfare reagents, and daily-use chemicals. In most cases, plasma-based ambient MS performs well as a qualitative tool and as an analyzer for semi-quantitation. Herein, we provide an overview of the key concepts, mechanisms, and applications of plasma-based ambient MS techniques, and discuss the challenges and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Ding
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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25
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Xie RL, Zong ZM, Wang WL, Yan HL, Fan X, Wei ZH, Mayyas M, Wei XY. Characterization of Volatiles in Coal Tar Pitch by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Pressure Solid Analysis Probe/Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.966378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Carrizo D, Domeño C, Nerín I, Alfaro P, Nerín C. Atmospheric pressure solid analysis probe coupled to quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry as a tool for screening and semi-quantitative approach of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxo-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in complex matrices. Talanta 2015; 131:175-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Li ZK, Wei XY, Yang ZS, Yan HL, Wei ZH, Li Y, Zong ZM. Characterization of Extracts from Geting Bituminous Coal. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.989529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Stokes P, Parker D, Mosely J. Modification of a gas chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometer as an alternative to automated atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:2024-2030. [PMID: 25132303 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe (ASAP) has been successfully introduced into laboratories as a routine analytical tool but the technique is labour-intensive and is not easily automated. This paper describes the modifications made to an existing atmospheric pressure gas chromatography (APGC) system to enable the automated analysis of samples that would have otherwise been analysed by ASAP. METHODS Liquid samples were injected into a 1 m piece of fused silica guard column using a standard split/splitless gas chromatography (GC) inlet, oven and autosampler. A novel timing delay circuit was developed and integrated into the system to control acquisition start times and a bespoke heating block/calibrant delivery system was used to transport either the calibration or reference compound into the ionisation source. RESULTS The modified system has allowed the successful analysis of those samples requiring ASAP to be carried out in a fully automated manner using APGc. The analysis is rapid and can be carried out in less than 2 min. The results obtained are directly comparable with those obtained by ASAP. A typical mass accuracy of better than 5 mm/z units was achieved, allowing the molecules to be identified based on their elemental formulae. CONCLUSIONS An existing APGC system has been successfully modified and is suitable for the automatic analysis of samples normally analysed by ASAP. The APGC instrument incorporates the use of a novel reference compound and delivery system which allows accurate mass measurements to be performed. This and the other modifications described have allowed the technique to be incorporated into an existing suite of mass spectrometry-based experiments for use in the characterisation of organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stokes
- Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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29
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Albert A, Shelley JT, Engelhard C. Plasma-based ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: state-of-the-art in qualitative and quantitative analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6111-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7989-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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30
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Doué M, Dervilly-Pinel G, Gicquiau A, Pouponneau K, Monteau F, Le Bizec B. High Throughput Identification and Quantification of Anabolic Steroid Esters by Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Mass Spectrometry for Efficient Screening of Drug Preparations. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5649-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Doué
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus
et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, CS 50707, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Gaud Dervilly-Pinel
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus
et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, CS 50707, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Audrey Gicquiau
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus
et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, CS 50707, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Karinne Pouponneau
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus
et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, CS 50707, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Fabrice Monteau
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus
et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, CS 50707, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus
et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, CS 50707, Nantes, F-44307, France
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Patel DN, Li L, Kee CL, Ge X, Low MY, Koh HL. Screening of synthetic PDE-5 inhibitors and their analogues as adulterants: analytical techniques and challenges. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 87:176-90. [PMID: 23721687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The popularity of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction has led to the increase in prevalence of illicit sexual performance enhancement products. PDE-5 inhibitors, namely sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil, and their unapproved designer analogues are being increasingly used as adulterants in the herbal products and health supplements marketed for sexual performance enhancement. To date, more than 50 unapproved analogues of prescription PDE-5 inhibitors were found as adulterants in the literature. To avoid detection of such adulteration by standard screening protocols, the perpetrators of such illegal products are investing time and resources to synthesize exotic analogues and devise novel means for adulteration. A comprehensive review of conventional and advance analytical techniques to detect and characterize the adulterants is presented. The rapid identification and structural elucidation of unknown analogues as adulterants is greatly enhanced by the wide myriad of analytical techniques employed, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (LC-FT-ICR-MS), liquid chromatograph-hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer with information dependent acquisition, ultra high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS), ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) and immunoassay methods. The many challenges in detecting and characterizing such adulterants, and the need for concerted effort to curb adulteration in order to safe guard public safety and interest are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhavalkumar Narendrabhai Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Smith MJP, Cameron NR, Mosely JA. Evaluating Atmospheric pressure Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP) mass spectrometry for the analysis of low molecular weight synthetic polymers. Analyst 2013; 137:4524-30. [PMID: 22890238 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35556f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP) mass spectrometry has facilitated the ionisation of oligomers from low molecular weight synthetic polymers, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG: M(n) = 1430) and poly(styrene) (PS: M(n) = 1770), directly from solids, providing a fast and efficient method of identification. Ion source conditions were evaluated and it was found that the key instrument parameter was the ion source desolvation temperature which, when set to 600 °C was sufficient to vapourise the heavier oligomers for ionisation. PS, a non-polar polymer that is very challenging to analyse by MALDI or ESI without the aid of metal salts to promote cationisation, was ionised promptly by ASAP resulting in the production of radical cations. A small degree of in-source dissociation could be eliminated by control of the instrument ion source voltages. The fragmentation observed through in-source dissociation could be duplicated in a controlled manner through Collision-Induced Dissociation (CID) of the radical cations. PEG, which preferentially ionises through adduction with alkali metal cations in MALDI and ESI, was observed as a protonated molecular ion by ASAP. In-source dissociation could not be eliminated entirely and the fragmentation observed resulted from cleavage of the C-C and C-O backbone bonds, as opposed to only C-O bond cleavage observed from tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J P Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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Chernetsova ES, Morlock GE. Determination of drugs and drug-like compounds in different samples with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:875-83. [PMID: 24737631 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time (DART), a relatively new ionization source for mass spectrometry, ionizes small-molecule components from different kinds of samples without any sample preparation and chromatographic separation. The current paper reviews the published data available on the determination of drugs and drug-like compounds in different matrices with DART-MS, including identification and quantitation issues. Parameters that affect ionization efficiency and mass spectra composition are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Chernetsova
- Research and Educational Center of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklucho-Maklay st., Bldg. 8/2, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
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Pan H, Lundin G. Rapid detection and identification of impurities in ten 2-naphthalenamines using an atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe in conjunction with ion mobility mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2011; 17:217-225. [PMID: 21828413 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe (ASAP), in conjunction with ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IM-ToF-MS), has been applied to the impurity profiling study of ten 2-naphthalenamines. The impurity profiles achieved by ASAP-IM-MS were compared with those obtained by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). All the impurities at the level of 0.1 area % and above, except for one, detected by LC-ESI-MS, were also found by ASAP-IMS analyses. In addition, one non-polar compound was detected by ASAP-IM-MS alone. The IM-MS plot of ion drift time versus m/z values offered sufficient separation between the impurities with different m/z. Therefore, instead of LC as a separation tool, IM-MS is able to provide fingerprint profiling for the ten samples analysed. The time of each analysis has been reduced from 25 min by LC-MS to less than 3 min by ASAP-IM-MS. When collision energy was applied for the selected precursor ion in the transfer T-wave, a clean MS/MS spectrum was obtained for structural elucidation of unknown impurities. The hyphenation of ASAP and IM-MS techniques represents a highly efficient approach for rapid detection and identification of impurities generated in complex reactions involved in pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefeng Pan
- AstraZeneca R&D, Department of Analytical Science, Pharmaceutical Development, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden.
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Fussell RJ, Chan D, Sharman M. An assessment of atmospheric-pressure solids-analysis probes for the detection of chemicals in food. Trends Analyt Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhang X, Jia B, Huang K, Hu B, Chen R, Chen H. Tracing Origins of Complex Pharmaceutical Preparations Using Surface Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8060-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100407k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinglei Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
| | - Bin Jia
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
| | - Keke Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
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Bruns EA, Perraud V, Greaves J, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Mass Spectrometry: A New Approach for Airborne Particle Analysis. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5922-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101028j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Bruns
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Véronique Perraud
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - John Greaves
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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Domin MA, Steinberg BD, Quimby JM, Smith NJ, Greene AK, Scott LT. Routine analysis and characterization of highly insoluble polycyclic aromatic compounds by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART). Analyst 2010; 135:700-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b923300h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lloyd JA, Harron AF, McEwen CN. Combination Atmospheric Pressure Solids Analysis Probe and Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Ion Source. Anal Chem 2009; 81:9158-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901324j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Andrew F. Harron
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Charles N. McEwen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Luosujärvi L, Laakkonen UM, Kostiainen R, Kotiaho T, Kauppila TJ. Analysis of street market confiscated drugs by desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization and desorption electrospray ionization coupled with mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:1401-1404. [PMID: 19343705 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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