The prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus in 4267 Turkish women with or without cervical lesions: A hospital-based study

Characteristics of Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Infection Patterns Among Women Aged 35-65 in Fujian Province, China: A Nine-Year Retrospective Observational Study

The assessment of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution could inform targeted cervical cancer prevention strategies. The epidemiology of HPV genotypes in terms of age and cervical lesions in Fujian Province, China has not been well described. This 9-year retrospective study aimed to delineate the prevalence pattern and trend of HPV genotypes among a large-scale community-based population. Deidentified data were retrieved from the national cervical cancer screening program in China. We included eligible women aged 35-65 years who underwent cervical cancer screening between 2014 and 2022 in Fujian Province. The HPV prevalence within distinct subpopulations was calculated, and trends in HPV prevalence over the years and across age groups were examined using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. A total of 551 604 women (median age 49 years [42, 54]; 0.10% with cervical cancer) were included in this study. The overall HPV prevalence was 11.72% (95% CI: 11.63%-11.80%), with HR-HPV (high-risk HPV) and HPV 16/18 prevalence at 10.02% (9.94%-10.10%) and 1.74% (1.71%-1.78%), respectively. HPV-52, 58, 16, 39, 51, and 68 were the most predominant genotypes in the general population. Nearly all genotypes, except for HPV-39 and 66, showed a decreasing trend in prevalence over the years, while a relatively high prevalence of HR-HPV was observed across all age groups. As lesion severity increased, HR-HPV and 9v-HPV prevalence also increased. Our study underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance of HPV prevalence in China. While the overall decline in HPV infections over the years is encouraging, the relatively high prevalence of HR-HPV warrants continued attention. Strengthening public health strategies-including prioritizing and promoting the current 9-valent vaccination, extending HPV testing and cervical cancer screening to older women where feasible, and developing future vaccines targeting more HR-HPV genotypes-will be crucial in eliminating cervical cancer and HPV-related disease in China and beyond.

Colposcopy Value in Young Child-bearing Women: Is New Recommendations Necessary?

Background

Cervical cancer is a common malignancy in women and HPV infection is directly linked to it and can be considerably prevented through routine screenings. Despite the belief about the persistence of HPV infection in older than 30-year-old women, high-grade lesions might be detected in younger ages; therefore, the purpose of the current study is to determine the worth of HPV infection screening in younger than 30-year-old women.

Materials and Methods

This cross-sectional study has been executed on 100 under 30-year-old women who have undergone genotyping. Fourteen HPV subtypes including HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68 were defined as high risk and the patients were categorized in HPV 16/18 or other high-risk groups. Pap smear and colposcopy were performed for both groups and interpreted as normal, low-risk and high-risk lesions and compared between the groups.

Results

In terms of demographic, clinical, and sexual behavioral characteristics, the present study exhibited similarity (P value > 0.05). Pap smear (P value = 0.100) and colposcopy (P value = 0.711) grading did not differ between those with HPV 16/18 versus other high-risk HPV patients. Pap smear and colposcopic findings were weekly in agreement (κ < 0.5, P value < 0.001).

Conclusion

Early cytological plus genotyping assessment in women at early child-bearing ages seems logical, as the cervical premalignant lesions have a slow progressing nature and can be easily treated in early stages.

The association between human papillomavirus infection, vaginal microecology, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women from Xinjiang, China

PURPOSE

This study analyzes the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, vaginal microecology, and cervical lesions to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer (CC) in the Xinjiang region.

METHODS

Real-time quantitative PCR was used for HPV genotyping and viral load. The Gram staining and dry biochemical enzyme kit were utilized to diagnose vaginal secretions. The χ2 test and Logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

The HPV infection rate among women in the Xinjiang region was 30.29%, of which the single HPV infection accounts for 77%. HPV16 and HPV52 were the main infection types. There was significant differences in the HPV infection rate and infection types among the Han, Uighur, Hui, and Kazakh ethnic groups. The viral load of HPV16 and HPV52 increases with the upgrade of cervical lesions. There were significant differences in vaginal microecology evaluation indicators H2O2, SNA, LE, GUS, trichomonas, clue cells, and lactobacilli among different ethnic groups. HPV negative patients with varying grades of cervical lesions exhibit a notable variance in H2O2 and LE, which is statistically significant. Single HPV infection and high viral load HPV significantly increase the risk of CC.

CONCLUSIONS

This study indicates that HPV infection and vaginal microecology differ among ethnic groups, which have a strong correlation with the progression of CC, offering guidance on CC screening and interventions in the Xinjiang area.

Study on the detection rate, genetic polymorphism, viral load, persistent infection capacity, and pathogenicity of human papillomavirus type 81

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 81 has recently become one of the most common low-risk HPV types; however, literature focusing on it is limited. This study aimed to analyze the reasons for the increased detection rate of HPV81 and investigate its evolving pathogenicity. We analyzed the detection rates and trends of HPV81 in 229 061 exfoliated cervical cell samples collected from 2014 to 2023; collected samples of HPV81 single infections from two different time periods; and analyzed the allele frequencies, positive selection, viral load, persistent infection capacity, and pathogenicity of E6 and E7 genotypes. We found that the detection rate of HPV81 ranked first among the low-risk types in exfoliated cervical cells and exhibited a significantly increasing trend (p < 0.001). The frequency of the E6 prototype allele of HPV81 (n = 317) was significantly increased (p = 0.018) and demonstrated the strongest adaptive capacity. The viral load and persistent infection capacity of the E6 prototype were significantly higher than those of the mutants, thus serving as key drivers for increasing the detection rate of HPV81 and enhancing its pathogenicity. The viral load was positively correlated with persistent infection capacity and pathogenicity. Persistent infection was a crucial factor in the pathogenicity of HPV81. Successful adaptive evolution of HPV81 is accompanied by enhanced pathogenicity.

Prevalence and genotype screening of human papillomavirus among women attending a private hospital in Northern Cyprus: an 11-year retrospective study

BACKGROUND

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted pathogen both in men and women. Accumulating epidemiological evidence supports a strong association between HPV infection and cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, and penis. Currently, data on the HPV prevalence and genotyping is lacking in Northern Cyprus, a region in which HPV vaccination is not freely accessible via the national immunization program. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HPV type-specific prevalence in women with and without cytological abnormalities living in Northern Cyprus.

METHODS

A total of 885 women who presented to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between January 2011 and December 2022 were included in the study. Samples were collected for cytology. Cervical specimens were investigated for the presence of HPV-DNA and genotyping of HPV was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR). Cytological examination was interpreted according to the Bethesda system.

RESULTS

Among all patients, overall high-risk HPV DNA prevalence was 44.3%. HPV-16 and HPV-18 positivity was found in 10.4% and 3.7% of women respectively, while other high-risk HPV (OHR-HPV) was the most frequent type of HPV (30.2%). The highest frequency of HPV infection was observed in the 30-55 age group (51.0%), followed by the < 30 age group (45.7%). Co-infection with two or more HPV types was observed in 17.0% of all positive samples, in which the prevalence of HPV-16 + HPV-18 was 2.3%, HPV-16 + OHR-HPV and HPV-18 + OHR-HPV was 12.0% and 5.1%, respectively. Among the screened patients, 37.5% had abnormal and 62.5% had normal cytology results. HR-HPV positivity was 65.7% and 34.0% in patients with abnormal and normal cytology. The highest incidence of HRC-HPV was OHR-HPV types (44.7%) in positive cytology cases. Among women with a cytology result of ASCUS, L-SIL, H-SIL and unspecified dysplasia, 52.1%, 67.6%, 97.5% and 75.6% were respectively infected with HR-HPV.

CONCLUSION

The present study provides the latest epidemiological data related to HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among women living in Northern Cyprus. Considering the unavailability of free vaccination in the community, it is imperative to implement local HPV screening programs and provide guidelines on HPV prevention and measures during early school education.