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Li K, Zhang X, Wang D, Tuan RS, Ker DFE. Synergistic effects of growth factor-based serum-free medium and tendon-like substrate topography on tenogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 146:213316. [PMID: 36736265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Addressing clinical challenges for tendon injuries requires a deeper understanding of the effects that biological and biophysical cues have on tenogenesis. Although prior studies have identified tenogenic growth factors (GFs) or elucidated the effects of substrate topography on tenocyte behavior, few have characterized their combined effect in the presence of a tendon-like substrate. In this study, we assessed the effect of biological (GFs) and biophysical (substrate topography) cues on tenogenic proliferation and differentiation under defined, serum-free conditions. Specifically, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured in a serum-free culture medium containing a GF cocktail comprised of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), either alone or in combination with tendon-like substrate topography produced by replica casting of tendon tissue sections. Our data demonstrated that the use of serum-free GF cocktail medium alone promoted hMSC proliferation, as shown via DNA staining as well as Ki67 protein levels and gene expression. In particular, gene expression of Ki67 was increased by 8.46-fold in all three donors relative to serum-free medium control. Also, serum-free GF cocktail promoted tenogenic differentiation, on the basis of expression of tendon-associated gene and protein markers, scleraxis (SCX), tenascin C (TNC), and collagen type I (COL1A1) including increased normalized collagen production by 1.4-fold in two donors relative to serum-free medium control. Interestingly, hMSCs cultured on a tendon-like substrate exhibited highly oriented cell morphology and extracellular matrix (ECM) alignment reminiscent of tendon. In particular, when this GF cocktail was combined with tendon-like topography, they showed a synergistically increased expression of tendon-related markers and anisotropic organization of ECM proteins with moderate-to-large effect sizes. Together, in addition to showing the utility of a GF cocktail for expansion and differentiation of tenocyte-like cells, our findings clearly demonstrate the synergistic relationship between GF-mediated and substrate topography-related effects on hMSC tenogenic differentiation. This information provides insights into the design of strategies that combine biological and biophysical cues for ex vivo tenocyte production and tendon tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Dai Fei Elmer Ker
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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2
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Decellularized tendon-based heparinized nanocomposite scaffolds for prospective regenerative applications: Chemical, physical, thermal, mechanical and in vitro biological evaluations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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T G D, Chen CH, Kuo CY, Shalumon KT, Chien YM, Kao HH, Chen JP. Development of high resilience spiral wound suture-embedded gelatin/PCL/heparin nanofiber membrane scaffolds for tendon tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:314-333. [PMID: 36075304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study develops a spiral wound scaffold based on gelatin/PCL/heparin (GPH) nanofiber membranes for tendon tissue engineering. By embedding sutures in dual layers of aligned GPH nanofiber membranes, prepared from mixed electrospinning of gelatin and PCL/heparin solutions, we fabricate a high resilience scaffold intended for the high loading environment experienced by tendons. The basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was anchored to GPH scaffold through bioaffinity between heparin and bFGF, aim to provide biological cues for maintenance of tenogenic phenotype. In addition, the aligned nanofiber morphology is expected to provide physical cues toward seeded tenocytes. With sustained release of bFGF, GPH-bFGF can enhance proliferation, up-regulate tenogenic gene expression, and increase synthesis of tendon-specific proteins by tenocytes in vitro. Furthermore, by properly maintaining tendon phenotypes, GPH-bFGF/tenocytes constructs showed improved mechanical properties over GPH-bFGF. From in vivo study using GPH-bFGF/tenocytes constructs to repair rabbit Achilles tendon defects, neotendon tissue formation was confirmed from histological staining and biomechanical analysis. These findings collectively demonstrate that the newly designed GPH-bFGF scaffold could provide a niche for inducing tendon tissue regeneration by effectively restoring the tendon tissue structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan T G
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - K T Shalumon
- Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College, MG University, Kochi 682013, India
| | - Yen-Miao Chien
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsi Kao
- Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Tai-Shan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
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4
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Wahed SB, Dunstan CR, Boughton PA, Ruys AJ, Faisal SN, Wahed TB, Salahuddin B, Cheng X, Zhou Y, Wang CH, Islam MS, Aziz S. Functional Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Composites for Ligament Reconstructions and Their Targeted Applications in the Restoration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112189. [PMID: 35683861 PMCID: PMC9182730 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of biomaterials as biomedical implants is a significant challenge. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and composites of such kind have been extensively used in medical implants, notably in the bearings of the hip, knee, and other joint prostheses, owing to its biocompatibility and high wear resistance. For the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) graft, synthetic UHMWPE is an ideal candidate due to its biocompatibility and extremely high tensile strength. However, significant problems are observed in UHMWPE based implants, such as wear debris and oxidative degradation. To resolve the issue of wear and to enhance the life of UHMWPE as an implant, in recent years, this field has witnessed numerous innovative methodologies such as biofunctionalization or high temperature melting of UHMWPE to enhance its toughness and strength. The surface functionalization/modification/treatment of UHMWPE is very challenging as it requires optimizing many variables, such as surface tension and wettability, active functional groups on the surface, irradiation, and protein immobilization to successfully improve the mechanical properties of UHMWPE and reduce or eliminate the wear or osteolysis of the UHMWPE implant. Despite these difficulties, several surface roughening, functionalization, and irradiation processing technologies have been developed and applied in the recent past. The basic research and direct industrial applications of such material improvement technology are very significant, as evidenced by the significant number of published papers and patents. However, the available literature on research methodology and techniques related to material property enhancement and protection from wear of UHMWPE is disseminated, and there is a lack of a comprehensive source for the research community to access information on the subject matter. Here we provide an overview of recent developments and core challenges in the surface modification/functionalization/irradiation of UHMWPE and apply these findings to the case study of UHMWPE for ACL repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia B. Wahed
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.B.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Colin R. Dunstan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Philip A. Boughton
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Andrew J. Ruys
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Shaikh N. Faisal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science & Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Tania B. Wahed
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh;
| | - Bidita Salahuddin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Xinying Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Chun H. Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Mohammad S. Islam
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Shazed Aziz
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Correspondence: (S.B.W.); (S.A.)
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Baek J, Lee KI, Ra HJ, Lotz MK, D'Lima DD. Collagen fibrous scaffolds for sustained delivery of growth factors for meniscal tissue engineering. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:77-93. [PMID: 34991339 PMCID: PMC8765117 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To mimic the ultrastructural morphology of the meniscus with nanofiber scaffolds coupled with controlled growth factor delivery to modulate cellular performance for tissue engineering of menisci. Methods: The authors functionalized collagen nanofibers by conjugating heparin to the following growth factors for sustained release: PDGF-BB, TGF-β1 and CTGF. Results: Incorporating growth factors increased human meniscal and synovial cell viability, proliferation and infiltration in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo; upregulated key genes involved in meniscal extracellular matrix synthesis and enhanced generation of meniscus-like tissue. Conclusion: The authors' results indicate that functionalizing collagen nanofibers can create a cell-favorable micro- and nanoenvironment and can serve as a system for sustained release of bioactive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Baek
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, MS126, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kwang Il Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ho Jong Ra
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, MS126, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin K Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Darryl D D'Lima
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, MS126, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 858 784 7816;
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6
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Balasubramaniyan K, Bhoobalan K, Jayaraman D, Sounderraj S, Muthuukumar KR, Santhini E. Development and assessment of biologically compatible anterior cruciate ligament using braided ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1306-1318. [PMID: 34931730 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) braided structure was surface modified with low temperature plasma and was coated with cationized gelatin and hyaluronic acid to improve its biocompatibility for the reconstruction of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The ligament was studied for its various mechanical properties. Surface modifications were studied through FESEM. Biological compatibility of the ligament was assessed in accordance to ISO 10993 standard. Tensile strength of the UHMWPE reconstructed ligament ranges between 2628 and 5937 N; maximum tensile strength was attained in 1600 denier 2/2 pattern of triple braided structure along with higher strain at failure of 36.1%. In 1600 denier 2/2 pattern of triple braid structure, the linear stiffness was found to be high at 375 N/mm. Among the developed materials, four braided structures namely as 800 denier 2/2 pattern of double braids and triple braids, 1600 denier 1/1 pattern of double braid and 2/2 pattern of triple braid were found to be mechanically suitable. Specifically, the 1600 denier 2/2 pattern of triple braid having higher mechanical properties was selected for coating. The results of in-vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity confirmed the extract of ACL to non-toxic and non-mutant. Furthermore, in-vivo analysis of the extract and the coated ACL graft proved the ligament to be non-irritant, non-sensitizer and also found to promote new tissue formation around the graft. Based on the results, the CG and HA coated ACL graft were concluded to be biocompatible and having considerable potential as an alternate for autograft/allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dhasarathi Jayaraman
- Spinning, Weaving and Knitting, The South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Coimbatore, India
| | - Shanmugam Sounderraj
- Weaving and Knitting, The South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Coimbatore, India
| | - K Rajendran Muthuukumar
- Centre of Excellence for Medical Textiles, The South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Coimbatore, India
| | - Elango Santhini
- Centre of Excellence for Medical Textiles, The South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Coimbatore, India
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7
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Strategies for inclusion of growth factors into 3D printed bone grafts. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:569-585. [PMID: 34156062 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There remains a critical need to develop new technologies and materials that can meet the demands of treating large bone defects. The advancement of 3-dimensional (3D) printing technologies has allowed the creation of personalized and customized bone grafts, with specific control in both macro- and micro-architecture, and desired mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the biomaterials used for the production of these bone grafts often possess poor biological properties. The incorporation of growth factors (GFs), which are the natural orchestrators of the physiological healing process, into 3D printed bone grafts, represents a promising strategy to achieve the bioactivity required to enhance bone regeneration. In this review, the possible strategies used to incorporate GFs to 3D printed constructs are presented with a specific focus on bone regeneration. In particular, the strengths and limitations of different methods, such as physical and chemical cross-linking, which are currently used to incorporate GFs to the engineered constructs are critically reviewed. Different strategies used to present one or more GFs to achieve simultaneous angiogenesis and vasculogenesis for enhanced bone regeneration are also covered in this review. In addition, the possibility of combining several manufacturing approaches to fabricate hybrid constructs, which better mimic the complexity of biological niches, is presented. Finally, the clinical relevance of these approaches and the future steps that should be taken are discussed.
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Zhang J, Wang RJ, Chen M, Liu XY, Ma K, Xu HY, Deng WS, Ye YC, Li WX, Chen XY, Sun HT. Collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffolds loaded with neural stem cells improve neurological function in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1068-1077. [PMID: 33269752 PMCID: PMC8224125 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One reason for the poor therapeutic effects of stem cell transplantation in traumatic brain injury is that exogenous neural stem cells cannot effectively migrate to the local injury site, resulting in poor adhesion and proliferation of neural stem cells at the injured area. To enhance the targeted delivery of exogenous stem cells to the injury site, cell therapy combined with neural tissue engineering technology is expected to become a new strategy for treating traumatic brain injury. Collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffolds, prepared using a freeze-drying method, have stable physical and chemical properties. These scaffolds also have good cell biocompatibility because of their high porosity, which is suitable for the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells. In the present study, collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffolds loaded with neural stem cells were used to treat a rat model of traumatic brain injury, which was established using the controlled cortical impact method. At 2 months after the implantation of collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffolds loaded with neural stem cells, there was significantly improved regeneration of neurons, nerve fibers, synapses, and myelin sheaths in the injured brain tissue. Furthermore, brain edema and cell apoptosis were significantly reduced, and rat motor and cognitive functions were markedly recovered. These findings suggest that the novel collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffold loaded with neural stem cells can improve neurological function in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, China (approval No. 2017-0007.2) on February 10, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Graduate School, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Ren-Jie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Graduate School, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Graduate School, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui-You Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Graduate School, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Wu-Sheng Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Chao Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Graduate School, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Xin Li
- Graduate School, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-Yi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Tao Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
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Grogan SP, Baek J, D'Lima DD. Meniscal tissue repair with nanofibers: future perspectives. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2517-2538. [PMID: 32975146 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The knee menisci are critical to the long-term health of the knee joint. Because of the high incidence of injury and degeneration, replacing damaged or lost meniscal tissue is extremely clinically relevant. The multiscale architecture of the meniscus results in unique biomechanical properties. Nanofibrous scaffolds are extremely attractive to replicate the biochemical composition and ultrastructural features in engineered meniscus tissue. We review recent advances in electrospinning to generate nanofibrous scaffolds and the current state-of-the-art of electrospun materials for meniscal regeneration. We discuss the importance of cellular function for meniscal tissue engineering and the application of cells derived from multiple sources. We compare experimental models necessary for proof of concept and to support translation. Finally, we discuss future directions and potential for technological innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn P Grogan
- Shiley Center for Orthopedic Research & Education at Scripps Clinic 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, MS126, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jihye Baek
- Shiley Center for Orthopedic Research & Education at Scripps Clinic 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, MS126, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Darryl D D'Lima
- Shiley Center for Orthopedic Research & Education at Scripps Clinic 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, MS126, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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10
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Lü J, Shi Y, Wang Y, Kang X, Bian X, Yuan B, Zhu M, Tang K. [Research progress of structured repair of tendon-bone interface]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2019; 33:1064-1070. [PMID: 31512444 PMCID: PMC8355852 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201811139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In sports system, the tendon-bone interface has the effect of tensile and bearing load, so the effect of healing plays a crucial role in restoring joint function. The process of repair is the formation of scar tissue, so it is difficult to achieve the ideal effect for morphology and biomechanical strength. The tissue engineering method can promote the tendon-bone interface healing from the seed cells, growth factors, and scaffolds, and is a new direction in the field of development of the tendon-bone interface healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtong Lü
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P.R.China
| | - Youxing Shi
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P.R.China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P.R.China
| | - Xia Kang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P.R.China
| | - Xuting Bian
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P.R.China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P.R.China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P.R.China
| | - Kanglai Tang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038,
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11
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Said SS, Yin H, Elfarnawany M, Nong Z, O'Neil C, Leong H, Lacefield JC, Mequanint K, Pickering JG. Fortifying Angiogenesis in Ischemic Muscle with FGF9-Loaded Electrospun Poly(Ester Amide) Fibers. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801294. [PMID: 30785239 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of angiogenic growth factors lessens ischemia in preclinical models but has demonstrated little benefit in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Augmenting the wrapping of nascent microvessels by mural cells constitutes an alternative strategy to regenerating a functional microvasculature, particularly if integrated with a sustained delivery platform. Herein, electrospun poly(ester amide) (PEA) nanofiber mats are fabricated for delivering a mural cell-targeting factor, fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9). Proof-of-principle is established by placing FGF9/FGF2-loaded PEA fiber mats on the chick chorioallantoic membrane and identifying enhanced angiogenesis by 3D power Doppler micro-ultrasound imaging. To assess the delivery system in ischemic muscle, FGF9-loaded PEA fiber mats are implanted onto the surface of the tibialis anterior muscle of mice with hindlimb ischemia. The system supplies FGF9 into the tibialis anterior muscle and yields a neo-microvascular network with enhanced mural cell coverage up to 28 days after injury. The regenerating muscle that receives FGF9 display near-normal sized myofibers and reduced interstitial fibrosis. Moreover, the mice demonstrate improved locomotion. These findings of locally released FGF9 from PEA nanofibers raise prospects for a microvascular remodeling approach to improve muscle health in peripheral vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somiraa S. Said
- School of Biomedical EngineeringWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Hao Yin
- Robarts Research InstituteWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Mai Elfarnawany
- Department of OtolaryngologyWestern University London Ontario N6A 5W9 Canada
| | - Zengxuan Nong
- Robarts Research InstituteWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Caroline O'Neil
- Robarts Research InstituteWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Hon Leong
- Department of Surgery (Urology)Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryWestern University London Ontario N6A 5C1 Canada
| | - James C. Lacefield
- School of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringDepartment of Medical BiophysicsWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- School of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - J. Geoffrey Pickering
- Robarts Research InstituteDepartment of Medicine (Cardiology)Department of BiochemistryDepartment of Medical BiophysicsSchulich School of Medicine and DentistryWestern UniversityLondon Health Sciences Centre 339 Windermere Rd London Ontario N6A 5A5 Canada
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12
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Subacute Clinical Features After Arthroscopy Surgical Reconstruction of Complete Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture: A Case-Control Study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2018; 41:596-601. [PMID: 30269932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features in the subacute phase after surgical reconstruction of complete anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR) with respect to healthy participants. METHODS A case-control observational study was performed. A total sample of 80 participants was recruited from an outpatient clinic and divided into case (n = 40 patients after ACLR reconstruction in subacute phase) and control (n = 40 healthy participants) groups. Outcomes, including pain intensity, range of motion (ROM), stability, and functionality were assessed by the visual analogue scale, universal goniometer, the Star Excursion Balance Test, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, respectively. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences (P > .05) for sex, side, age, and body mass index between patients with ACLR after reconstruction surgery and healthy participants. Statistically significant differences (P < .001) with a large effect size (Rosenthal r) from -0.86 to -0.93 were shown for ROM (median ± interquartile range [IQR], -70.00° ± 10.00°) and Star Excursion Balance Test (mean ± standard deviation, -38.31 cm ± 4.52 cm) reduction, as well as higher visual analogue scale (median ± IQR, 7.00 ± 1.00) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (median ± IQR, 68.77 ± 6.29) scores in favor of the ACLR reconstructed group, with respect to the healthy control group. CONCLUSIONS Measurable clinical differences of functionality, stability, and ROM should be considered during the evaluation of patients at a subacute period after complete ACLR reconstruction surgery with respect to healthy matched controls.
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13
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Font Tellado S, Chiera S, Bonani W, Poh PS, Migliaresi C, Motta A, Balmayor ER, van Griensven M. Heparin functionalization increases retention of TGF-β2 and GDF5 on biphasic silk fibroin scaffolds for tendon/ligament-to-bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:150-166. [PMID: 29550439 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The tendon/ligament-to-bone transition (enthesis) is a highly specialized interphase tissue with structural gradients of extracellular matrix composition, collagen molecule alignment and mineralization. These structural features are essential for enthesis function, but are often not regenerated after injury. Tissue engineering is a promising strategy for enthesis repair. Engineering of complex tissue interphases such as the enthesis is likely to require a combination of biophysical, biological and chemical cues to achieve functional tissue regeneration. In this study, we cultured human primary adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMCs) on biphasic silk fibroin scaffolds with integrated anisotropic (tendon/ligament-like) and isotropic (bone/cartilage like) pore alignment. We functionalized those scaffolds with heparin and explored their ability to deliver transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) and growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF5). Heparin functionalization increased the amount of TGF-β2 and GDF5 remaining attached to the scaffold matrix and resulted in biological effects at low growth factor doses. We analyzed the combined impact of pore alignment and growth factors on AdMSCs. TGF-β2 and pore anisotropy synergistically increased the expression of tendon/ligament markers and collagen I protein content. In addition, the combined delivery of TGF-β2 and GDF5 enhanced the expression of cartilage markers and collagen II protein content on substrates with isotropic porosity, whereas enthesis markers were enhanced in areas of mixed anisotropic/isotropic porosity. Altogether, the data obtained in this study improves current understanding on the combined effects of biological and structural cues on stem cell fate and presents a promising strategy for tendon/ligament-to-bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Regeneration of the tendon/ligament-to-bone interphase (enthesis) is of significance in the repair of ruptured tendons/ligaments to bone to improve implant integration and clinical outcome. This study proposes a novel approach for enthesis regeneration based on a biomimetic and integrated tendon/ligament-to-bone construct, stem cells and heparin-based delivery of growth factors. We show that heparin can keep growth factors local and biologically active at low doses, which is critical to avoid supraphysiological doses and associated side effects. In addition, we identify synergistic effects of biological (growth factors) and structural (pore alignment) cues on stem cells. These results improve current understanding on the combined impact of biological and structural cues on the multi-lineage differentiation capacity of stem cells for regenerating complex tissue interphases.
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14
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Kim JH, Choi YJ, Yi HG, Wang JH, Cho DW, Jeong YH. A cell-laden hybrid fiber/hydrogel composite for ligament regeneration with improved cell delivery and infiltration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:055010. [PMID: 28944762 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa7b51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ligament, a fibrous connective tissue between bones, is a unique tissue in human anatomy because it has complex viscoelastic properties and is very tough. Moreover, it is an important tissue for regeneration because frequent injuries occur, but there are limited types of substitutes that can be used as a tissue replacement. In this study, we present a stem cell-laden fiber/hydrogel composite structure with a layered fibrous structure, which can enhance cell infiltration, topographical cue and mechanical properties. It can promote cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation of the ligament phenotype with the help of a growth factor. The mechanical properties of the developed structure were experimentally identified using tensile tests, while cell viability and various functionalities were verified through culture tests using mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hwa Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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15
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Wang Z, Wen F, Lim PN, Zhang Q, Konishi T, Wang D, Teoh SH, Thian ES. Nanomaterial scaffolds to regenerate musculoskeletal tissue: signals from within for neovessel formation. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1385-1391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Celikkin N, Rinoldi C, Costantini M, Trombetta M, Rainer A, Święszkowski W. Naturally derived proteins and glycosaminoglycan scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:1277-1299. [PMID: 28575966 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) aims to mimic the complex environment where organogenesis takes place using advanced materials to recapitulate the tissue niche. Cells, three-dimensional scaffolds and signaling factors are the three main and essential components of TE. Over the years, materials and processes have become more and more sophisticated, allowing researchers to precisely tailor the final chemical, mechanical, structural and biological features of the designed scaffolds. In this review, we will pose the attention on two specific classes of naturally derived polymers: fibrous proteins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). These materials hold great promise for advances in the field of regenerative medicine as i) they generally undergo a fast remodeling in vivo favoring neovascularization and functional cells organization and ii) they elicit a negligible immune reaction preventing severe inflammatory response, both representing critical requirements for a successful integration of engineered scaffolds with the host tissue. We will discuss the recent achievements attained in the field of regenerative medicine by using proteins and GAGs, their merits and disadvantages and the ongoing challenges to move the current concepts to practical clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehar Celikkin
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, 141 Woloska str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chiara Rinoldi
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, 141 Woloska str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marco Costantini
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Trombetta
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, 141 Woloska str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
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17
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Velázquez-Saornil J, Ruíz-Ruíz B, Rodríguez-Sanz D, Romero-Morales C, López-López D, Calvo-Lobo C. Efficacy of quadriceps vastus medialis dry needling in a rehabilitation protocol after surgical reconstruction of complete anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6726. [PMID: 28445290 PMCID: PMC5413255 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several new rehabilitation modalities have been proposed after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Among these, trigger point dry needling (TrP-DN) might be useful in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome associated with ACL reconstruction to reduce pain intensity, increase knee flexion range and modify the mechanical properties of the quadriceps muscle during late-stage rehabilitation. To date, this is the first randomized clinical trial to support the use of TrP-DN in the early rehabilitation process after ACL reconstruction. The aim of this study was to determine the pain intensity, range of motion (ROM), stability, and functionality improvements by adding quadriceps vastus medialis TrP-DN to the rehabilitation protocol (Rh) provided to subacute ACL reconstructed patients. METHODS This randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial (NCT02699411) included 44 subacute patients with surgical reconstruction of complete ACL rupture. The patients were randomized into 2 intervention groups: Rh (n = 22) or Rh + TrP-DN (n = 22). Pain intensity, ROM, stability, and functionality were measured at baseline (A0) and immediately (A1), 24 hours (A2), 1 week (A3), and 5 weeks (A4) after the first treatment. RESULTS Comparing statistically significant differences (P ≤ .001; Eta = 0.198-0.360) between both groups, pain intensity (at A1), ROM (at A1, A2, and A3), and functionality (at A2, A3, and A4) were increased. Nevertheless, the rest of measurements did not show significant differences (P > .05). CONCLUSION Quadriceps vastus medialis TrP-DN in conjunction with a rehabilitation protocol in subacute patients with surgical reconstruction of complete ACL rupture increases ROM (short-term) and functionality (short- to mid-term). Although there was an increase in pain intensity with the addition of TrP-DN, this was not detected beyond immediately after the first treatment. Furthermore, stability does not seem to be modified after TrP-DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Velázquez-Saornil
- Physiotherapy Department, Physical Therapy and Health Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Health, Exercise and Sport, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid
| | - Beatriz Ruíz-Ruíz
- Physiotherapy Department, Physical Therapy and Health Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Health, Exercise and Sport, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid
| | - David Rodríguez-Sanz
- Physiotherapy Department, Physical Therapy and Health Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Health, Exercise and Sport, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid
| | - Carlos Romero-Morales
- Physiotherapy Department, Physical Therapy and Health Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Health, Exercise and Sport, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid
| | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol
| | - Cesar Calvo-Lobo
- Nursing and Physical Therapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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18
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Pauly HM, Sathy BN, Olvera D, McCarthy HO, Kelly DJ, Popat KC, Dunne NJ, Haut Donahue TL. * Hierarchically Structured Electrospun Scaffolds with Chemically Conjugated Growth Factor for Ligament Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:823-836. [PMID: 28350237 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee is vital for proper joint function and is commonly ruptured during sports injuries or car accidents. Due to a lack of intrinsic healing capacity and drawbacks with allografts and autografts, there is a need for a tissue-engineered ACL replacement. Our group has previously used aligned sheets of electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers to develop solid cylindrical bundles of longitudinally aligned nanofibers. We have shown that these nanofiber bundles support cell proliferation and elongation and the hierarchical structure and material properties are similar to the native human ACL. It is possible to combine multiple nanofiber bundles to create a scaffold that attempts to mimic the macroscale structure of the ACL. The goal of this work was to develop a hierarchical bioactive scaffold for ligament tissue engineering using connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)-conjugated nanofiber bundles and evaluate the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on these scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. CTGF was immobilized onto the surface of individual nanofiber bundles or scaffolds consisting of multiple nanofiber bundles. The conjugation efficiency and the release of conjugated CTGF were assessed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, assays, and immunofluorescence staining. Scaffolds were seeded with MSCs and maintained in vitro for 7 days (individual nanofiber bundles), in vitro for 21 days (scaled-up scaffolds of 20 nanofiber bundles), or in vivo for 6 weeks (small scaffolds of 4 nanofiber bundles), and ligament-specific tissue formation was assessed in comparison to non-CTGF-conjugated control scaffolds. Results showed that CTGF conjugation encouraged cell proliferation and ligament-specific tissue formation in vitro and in vivo. The results suggest that hierarchical electrospun nanofiber bundles conjugated with CTGF are a scalable and bioactive scaffold for ACL tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Pauly
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Binulal N Sathy
- 2 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dinorath Olvera
- 2 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- 3 School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- 2 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland .,4 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland .,5 Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,6 Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ketul C Popat
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado.,7 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- 2 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland .,3 School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, United Kingdom .,8 Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tammy Lynn Haut Donahue
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado.,7 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
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19
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Chen C, Zhao ML, Zhang RK, Lu G, Zhao CY, Fu F, Sun HT, Zhang S, Tu Y, Li XH. Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds fabricated by a 3D bioprinter improved mechanical properties and neurological function after spinal cord injury in rats. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1324-1332. [PMID: 28120511 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatments promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery for spinal cord injury (SCI) are still in the early stages of development. Most approaches have been focused on providing supportive substrates for guiding neurons and overcoming the physical and chemical barriers to healing that arise after SCI. Although collagen has become a promising natural substrate with good compatibility, its low mechanical properties restrict its potential applications. The mechanical properties mainly rely on the composition and pore structure of scaffolds. For the composition of a scaffold, we used heparin sulfate to react with collagen by crosslinking. For the structure, we adopted a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to fabricate a scaffold with a uniform pore distributions. We observed that the internal structure of the scaffold printed with a 3D bioprinter was regular and porous. We also found that both the compression modulus and strengths of the scaffold were significantly enhanced by the collagen/heparin sulfate composition compared to a collagen scaffold. Meanwhile, the collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold presented good biocompatibility when it was co-cultured with neural stem cells in vitro. We also demonstrated that heparin sulfate modification significantly improved bFGF immobilization and absorption to the collagen by examining the release kinetics of bFGF from scaffolds. Two months after implantating the scaffold into transection lesions in T10 of the spinal cord in rats, the collagen/heparin sulfate group demonstrated significant recovery of locomotor function and according to electrophysiological examinations. Parallel to functional recovery, collagen/heparin sulfate treatment further ameliorated the pathological process and markedly increased the number of neurofilament (NF) positive cells compared to collagen treatment alone. These data suggested that a collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold fabricated by a 3D bioprinter could enhance the mechanical properties of collagen and provide continuous guidance channels for axons, which would improve the neurological function after SCI. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1324-1332, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhao
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Ren-Kun Zhang
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300162, China.,Department of Radiology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Chang-Yu Zhao
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Feng Fu
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Hong-Tao Sun
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300162, China
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20
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Teuschl A, Heimel P, Nürnberger S, van Griensven M, Redl H, Nau T. A Novel Silk Fiber-Based Scaffold for Regeneration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Histological Results From a Study in Sheep. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:1547-57. [PMID: 26957219 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516631954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of ongoing problems with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, new approaches in the treatment of ACL injuries, particularly strategies based on tissue engineering, have gained increasing research interest. To allow for ACL regeneration, a structured scaffold that provides a mechanical basis, has cells from different sources, and comprises mechanical as well as biological factors is needed. Biological materials, biodegradable polymers, and composite materials are being used and tested as scaffolds. The optimal scaffold for ACL regeneration should be biocompatible and biodegradable to allow tissue ingrowth but also needs to have the right mechanical properties to provide immediate mechanical stability. HYPOTHESES The study hypotheses were that (1) a novel degradable silk fiber-based scaffold with mechanical properties similar to the native ACL will be able to initiate ligament regeneration after ACL resection and reconstruction under in vivo conditions and (2) additional cell seeding of the scaffold with autologous stromal vascular fraction-containing adipose-derived stem cells will increase regenerative activity. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 33 mountain sheep underwent ACL resection and randomization to 2 experimental groups: (1) ACL reconstruction with a scaffold alone and (2) ACL reconstruction with a cell-seeded scaffold. Histological evaluation of the intra-articular portion of the reconstructed/regenerated ligament was performed after 6 and 12 months. RESULTS After 6 months, connective tissue surrounded the silk scaffold with ingrowth in some areas. The cell-seeded scaffolds had a significant lower silk content compared with the unseeded scaffolds and demonstrated a higher content of newly formed tissue. After 12 months, the density of the silk fibers decreased significantly, and the ingrowth of newly formed tissue increased in both groups. No differences between the 2 groups regarding silk fiber degradation and regenerated tissue were detected at 12 months. CONCLUSION The novel silk fiber-based scaffold was able to stimulate ACL regeneration under in vivo conditions. Additional cell seeding led to increased tissue regeneration and decreased silk fiber content at 6 months, whereas these differences were not present at 12 months. CLINICAL RELEVANCE ACL regeneration using a silk fiber-based scaffold with and without additional cell seeding may provide a new treatment option after joint injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Teuschl
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Nürnberger
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria Department of Traumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Nau
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Said SS, O'Neil C, Yin H, Nong Z, Pickering JG, Mequanint K. Concurrent and Sustained Delivery of FGF2 and FGF9 from Electrospun Poly(ester amide) Fibrous Mats for Therapeutic Angiogenesis. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:584-96. [PMID: 26955972 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis has emerged as a potential strategy to treat ischemic vascular diseases. However, systemic or local administration of growth factors is usually inefficient for maintaining the effective concentration at the site of interest due to their rapid clearance or degradation. In this study, we report a differential and sustained release of an angiogenic factor, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), and an arteriogenic factor, fibroblast growth factor-9 (FGF9), from α-amino acid-derived biodegradable poly(ester amide) (PEA) fibers toward targeting neovessel formation and maturation. FGF2 and FGF9 were dual loaded using a mixed blend and emulsion electrospinning technique and exhibited differential and sustained release from PEA fibers over 28 days with preserved bioactivity. In vitro angiogenesis assays showed enhanced endothelial cell (EC) tube formation and directed migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and stabilized EC/SMC tube formation. FGF2/FGF9-loaded PEA fibers did not induce inflammatory responses in vitro using human monocytes or in vivo after their subcutaneous implantation into mice. Histological examination showed that FGF2/FGF9-loaded fibers induced cell niche recruitment around the site of implantation. Furthermore, controlled in vivo delivery of FGF9 to mouse tibialis anterior (TA) muscle resulted in a dose-dependent expansion of mesenchymal progenitor-like cell layers and extracellular matrix deposition. Our data suggest that the release of FGF2 and FGF9 from PEA fibers offers an efficient differential and sustained growth factor delivery strategy with relevance to therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somiraa S Said
- 1 Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - Caroline O'Neil
- 2 Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - Hao Yin
- 2 Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - Zengxuan Nong
- 2 Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - J Geoffrey Pickering
- 2 Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada .,3 Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada .,4 Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada .,5 Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- 1 Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada .,6 Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
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22
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Lessim S, Oughlis S, Lataillade JJ, Migonney V, Changotade S, Lutomski D, Poirier F. Protein selective adsorption properties of a polyethylene terephtalate artificial ligament grafted with poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (polyNaSS): correlation with physicochemical parameters of proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:065021. [PMID: 26658022 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/6/065021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Immediately after surgical placement of biomaterials, a first step consists in the adsorption of proteins from the biological environment on the artificial surfaces. Because the composition of the adsorbed protein layer modulates the cell response to the implanted material, researchers in the biomaterials field have focused on coating proteins or peptides onto surfaces to improve cell response and therefore the long-term compatibility of the implant. However, some materials used in tissue engineering, mainly synthetic polymers, are too hydrophobic to allow the optimal adsorption of proteins and have to be first submitted to physical or chemical treatments. In our laboratory, we have demonstrated that grafting of poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (polyNaSS) onto biomaterials can strongly modulate the protein adsorption and the cellular response compared to unmodified surfaces. In this study, we used a liquid chromatography strategy coupled to proteomics to evaluate the adsorptive properties of a polyethylene terephtalate (PET) artificial ligament grafted with polyNaSS, and to identify and analyse proteins adsorbed on PET fibers. Results obtained with platelet rich plasma (PRP) proteins demonstrated that grafting significantly increases the protein adsorption of the PET and also selectively modulates the adsorption of proteins on PET fibers. Finally, regarding physicochemical parameters calculated from the amino acid sequence of identified proteins, we found that the aliphatic index is highly correlated with the selective adsorption of proteins onto the polyNaSS/PET surface. Therefore, the proteomic approach complemented with physicochemical property evaluation could provide a powerful tool for the elaboration of new biomaterials based on protein layer deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lessim
- Université Paris 13-UMR CNRS 7244-CSPBAT-LBPS-UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
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23
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Font Tellado S, Balmayor ER, Van Griensven M. Strategies to engineer tendon/ligament-to-bone interface: Biomaterials, cells and growth factors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 94:126-40. [PMID: 25777059 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Integration between tendon/ligament and bone occurs through a specialized tissue interface called enthesis. The complex and heterogeneous structure of the enthesis is essential to ensure smooth mechanical stress transfer between bone and soft tissues. Following injury, the interface is not regenerated, resulting in high rupture recurrence rates. Tissue engineering is a promising strategy for the regeneration of a functional enthesis. However, the complex structural and cellular composition of the native interface makes enthesis tissue engineering particularly challenging. Thus, it is likely that a combination of biomaterials and cells stimulated with appropriate biochemical and mechanical cues will be needed. The objective of this review is to describe the current state-of-the-art, challenges and future directions in the field of enthesis tissue engineering focusing on four key parameters: (1) scaffold and biomaterials, (2) cells, (3) growth factors and (4) mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Font Tellado
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Elizabeth R Balmayor
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Martijn Van Griensven
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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24
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Ryan CNM, Fuller KP, Larrañaga A, Biggs M, Bayon Y, Sarasua JR, Pandit A, Zeugolis DI. An academic, clinical and industrial update on electrospun, additive manufactured and imprinted medical devices. Expert Rev Med Devices 2015; 12:601-12. [DOI: 10.1586/17434440.2015.1062364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Leong NL, Kabir N, Arshi A, Nazemi A, Wu B, Petrigliano FA, McAllister DR. Evaluation of polycaprolactone scaffold with basic fibroblast growth factor and fibroblasts in an athymic rat model for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1859-68. [PMID: 25744933 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common ligamentous injury often necessitating surgery. Current surgical treatment options include ligament reconstruction with autograft or allograft, which have their inherent limitations. Thus, there is interest in a tissue-engineered substitute for use in ACL regeneration. However, there have been relatively few in vivo studies to date. In this study, an athymic rat model of ACL reconstruction was used to evaluate electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) grafts, with and without the addition of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and human foreskin fibroblasts. We examined the regenerative potential of tissue-engineered ACL grafts using histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing up to 16 weeks postoperatively. Histology showed infiltration of the grafts with cells, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated aligned collagen deposition with minimal inflammatory reaction. Mechanical testing of the grafts demonstrated significantly higher mechanical properties than immediately postimplantation. Acellular grafts loaded with bFGF achieved 58.8% of the stiffness and 40.7% of the peak load of healthy native ACL. Grafts without bFGF achieved 31.3% of the stiffness and 28.2% of the peak load of healthy native ACL. In this in vivo rodent model study for ACL reconstruction, the histological and mechanical evaluation demonstrated excellent healing and regenerative potential of our electrospun PCL ligament graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Luanne Leong
- 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nima Kabir
- 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Armin Arshi
- 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Azadeh Nazemi
- 2Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ben Wu
- 2Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Frank A Petrigliano
- 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David R McAllister
- 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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26
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Leong NL, Kabir N, Arshi A, Nazemi A, Wu BM, McAllister DR, Petrigliano FA. Athymic rat model for evaluation of engineered anterior cruciate ligament grafts. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 25867958 DOI: 10.3791/52797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common ligamentous injury that often requires surgery because the ACL does not heal well without intervention. Current treatment strategies include ligament reconstruction with either autograft or allograft, which each have their associated limitations. Thus, there is interest in designing a tissue-engineered graft for use in ACL reconstruction. We describe the fabrication of an electrospun polymer graft for use in ACL tissue engineering. This polycaprolactone graft is biocompatible, biodegradable, porous, and is comprised of aligned fibers. Because an animal model is necessary to evaluate such a graft, this paper describes an intra-articular athymic rat model of ACL reconstruction that can be used to evaluate engineered grafts, including those seeded with xenogeneic cells. Representative histology and biomechanical testing results at 16 weeks postoperatively are presented, with grafts tested immediately post-implantation and contralateral native ACLs serving as controls. The present study provides a reproducible animal model with which to evaluate tissue engineered ACL grafts, and demonstrates the potential of a regenerative medicine approach to treatment of ACL rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Leong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles;
| | - Nima Kabir
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Armin Arshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Azadeh Nazemi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Ben M Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles
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