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Cao C, Zhang H, He Z, Zhang K, Qian Z, Shen J, Zheng L, Xue M, Sun S, Li C, Zhao W, Jing J, Ma R, Ge X, Yao B. Octanoic acid mitigates busulfan-induced blood-testis barrier damage by alleviating oxidative stress and autophagy. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:180. [PMID: 38862993 PMCID: PMC11165768 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of male infertility continues to encounter an array of challenges and constraints, necessitating an in-depth exploration of novel therapeutic targets to enhance its efficacy. As an eight-carbon medium-chain fatty acid, octanoic acid (OCA) shows promise for improving health, yet its impact on spermatogenesis remains inadequately researched. METHODS Mass spectrometry was performed to determine the fatty acid content and screen for a pivotal lipid component in the serum of patients with severe spermatogenesis disorders. The sperm quality was examined, and histopathological analysis and biotin tracer tests were performed to assess spermatogenesis function and the integrity of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) in vivo. Cell-based in vitro experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of OCA administration on Sertoli cell dysfunction. This research aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which OCA may influence the function of Sertoli cells. RESULTS A pronounced reduction in OCA content was observed in the serum of patients with severe spermatogenesis disorders, indicating that OCA deficiency is related to spermatogenic disorders. The protective effect of OCA on reproduction was tested in a mouse model of spermatogenic disorder induced by busulfan at a dose 30 mg/kg body weight (BW). The mice in the study were separated into distinct groups and administered varying amounts of OCA, specifically at doses of 32, 64, 128, and 256 mg/kg BW. After evaluating sperm parameters, the most effective dose was determined to be 32 mg/kg BW. In vivo experiments showed that treatment with OCA significantly improved sperm quality, testicular histopathology and BTB integrity, which were damaged by busulfan. Moreover, OCA intervention reduced busulfan-induced oxidative stress and autophagy in mouse testes. In vitro, OCA pretreatment (100 µM) significantly ameliorated Sertoli cell dysfunction by alleviating busulfan (800 µM)-induced oxidative stress and autophagy. Moreover, rapamycin (5 µM)-induced autophagy led to Sertoli cell barrier dysfunction, while OCA administration exerted a protective effect by alleviating autophagy. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that OCA administration suppressed oxidative stress and autophagy to alleviate busulfan-induced BTB damage. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the toxicology of busulfan and a promising avenue for the development of novel OCA-based therapies for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaowanyue He
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kemei Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhang Qian
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaming Shen
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengqi Xue
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuwei Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Jing
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rujun Ma
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xie Ge
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Gan J, Shi Y, Zhao R, Li D, Jin H, Wu M, Liu Z, Li X, Xu A, Li Y, Lin Z, Wu F. Adipose c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase promotes angiotensin II-induced and deoxycorticosterone acetate salt-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction by inhibition of adiponectin production and activation of SGK1 in mice. J Hypertens 2024; 42:856-872. [PMID: 38164960 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) is a central mediator involved in the development of obesity and its complications. However, the roles of adipose JNK1/2 in hypertension remain elusive. Here we explored the role of adipose JNK1/2 in hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS The roles of adipose JNK1/2 in hypertension were investigated by evaluating the impact of adipose JNK1/2 inactivation in both angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt-induced hypertensive mice. Specific inactivation of JNK1/2 in adipocytes significantly alleviates Ang II-induced and DOCA salt-induced hypertension and target organ damage in mice. Interestingly, such beneficial effects are also observed in hypertensive mice after oral administration of JNK1/2 inhibitor SP600125. Mechanistically, adipose JNK1/2 acts on adipocytes to reduce the production of adiponectin (APN), then leads to promote serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) phosphorylation and increases epithelial Na + channel α-subunit (ENaCα) expression in both renal cells and adipocytes, respectively, finally exacerbates Na + retention. In addition, chronic treatment of recombinant mouse APN significantly augments the beneficial effects of adipose JNK1/2 inactivation in DOCA salt-induced hypertension. By contrast, the blood pressure-lowering effects of adipose JNK1/2 inactivation are abrogated by adenovirus-mediated SGK1 overexpression in Ang II -treated adipose JNK1/2 inactivation mice. CONCLUSION Adipose JNK1/2 promotes hypertension and targets organ impairment via fine-tuning the multiorgan crosstalk among adipose tissue, kidney, and blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Yaru Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui
| | - Ruyi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
- Department of clinical pharmacy, the Forth People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng
| | - Hua Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Maolan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Zhen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yulin Li
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Zhuofeng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- The laboratory of Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
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Zhang Z, Li X, Cao C. Octanoic acid-rich enteral nutrition attenuated hypercatabolism through the acylated ghrelin-POMC pathway in endotoxemic rats. Nutrition 2024; 119:112329. [PMID: 38215672 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic disorders and no response to intravenous nutrition because of sepsis have been urgent problems for clinical nutrition support. Enteral nutrition (EN) has been an important clinical therapeutic measure in septic patients; however, simple EN has not demonstrated good performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of octanoic acid (OA)-rich EN on hypercatabolism in endotoxemic rats and test whether OA-rich EN could attenuate hypercatabolism through the acylated ghrelin-proopiomelanocortin (POMC) pathway. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + EN and LPS + EN + OA (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg, respectively) groups to investigate the effects of different concentrations of OA-rich EN on hypercatabolism in endotoxemic rats. The rats were then randomly divided into four groups: sham, LPS, LPS + OA, and LPS + OA + Go-CoA-Tat, to test whether OA-rich EN attenuated hypercatabolism through the acylated ghrelin-POMC pathway. Rats received nutrition support via a gastric tube for 3 d (100 kcal/kg daily). Insulin resistance, muscle protein synthesis and atrophy, inflammatory cytokines, ghrelin in circulation and hypothalamus, ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT), and the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-autophagy-POMC pathway were measured. RESULTS Compared with simple EN, OA-rich EN promoted the acylation of ghrelin in a dose-dependent manner and attenuated POMC-mediated hypercatabolism in endotoxemic rats. Inhibition of GOAT activity decreased the level of acylated ghrelin and aggravated POMC-mediated hypercatabolism conferred by OA-rich EN. CONCLUSIONS OA-rich EN could increase the level of acylated ghrelin and attenuate hypercatabolism through the acylated ghrelin-POMC pathway compared with simple EN in endotoxemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun Cao
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Tang J, Li X, Li W, Cao C. Effects of enteral nutrition supplemented with octanoic acid on lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury: role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/STAT-1/myeloid differentiation factor 88 pathway. Nutrition 2023; 116:112216. [PMID: 37776839 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enteral nutrition is the key therapy in septic patients. Different formulas of enteral nutrition have various effects on gastrointestinal sepsis. Therefore, we investigated the effects of enteral nutrition supplemented with octanoic acid on lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury and explored the potential mechanism. METHODS First, to investigate the effects of enteral nutrition supplemented with octanoic acid on lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury, rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, lipopolysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide + enteral nutrition, and lipopolysaccharide + enteral nutrition + octanoic acid. Then, to explore whether enteral nutrition supplemented with octanoic acid can prevent lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/STAT-1/myeloid differentiation factor 88 pathway, rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham, lipopolysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide + enteral nutrition + octanoic acid, lipopolysaccharide + enteral nutrition + octanoic acid + SR202, and lipopolysaccharide + pioglitazone. All rats received nutritional support for 3 d. We examined the serum levels of inflammatory factors, pathologic changes, goblet cell density, intestinal tight junction protein expression, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/STAT-1/myeloid differentiation factor 88 pathway in the ileum and colon. The effect of octanoic acid on intestinal epithelium injury was also explored in vitro. RESULTS Enteral nutrition supplemented with octanoic acid significantly decreased the serum levels of inflammatory factors and prevented intestinal barrier dysfunction compared with enteral nutrition alone (P < 0.05). Inhibiting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/STAT-1/myeloid differentiation factor 88 pathway exacerbated effects of enteral nutrition supplemented with octanoic acid on intestinal injury (P < 0.05). Activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/STAT-1/myeloid differentiation factor 88 pathway prevented intestinal injury (P < 0.05). Octanoic acid also exerted a similar effect on intestinal epithelium injury in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Enteral nutrition supplemented with octanoic acid prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/STAT-1/myeloid differentiation factor 88 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Dunn E, Zhang B, Sahota VK, Augustin H. Potential benefits of medium chain fatty acids in aging and neurodegenerative disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1230467. [PMID: 37680538 PMCID: PMC10481710 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1230467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a large class of neurological disorders characterized by progressive dysfunction and death of neurones. Examples include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Aging is the primary risk factor for neurodegeneration; individuals over 65 are more likely to suffer from a neurodegenerative disease, with prevalence increasing with age. As the population ages, the social and economic burden caused by these diseases will increase. Therefore, new therapies that address both aging and neurodegeneration are imperative. Ketogenic diets (KDs) are low carbohydrate, high-fat diets developed initially as an alternative treatment for epilepsy. The classic ketogenic diet provides energy via long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs); naturally occurring medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), on the other hand, are the main components of the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic diet. MCT-based diets are more efficient at generating the ketone bodies that are used as a secondary energy source for neurones and astrocytes. However, ketone levels alone do not closely correlate with improved clinical symptoms. Recent findings suggest an alternative mode of action for the MCFAs, e.g., via improving mitochondrial biogenesis and glutamate receptor inhibition. MCFAs have been linked to the treatment of both aging and neurodegenerative disease via their effects on metabolism. Through action on multiple disease-related pathways, MCFAs are emerging as compounds with notable potential to promote healthy aging and ameliorate neurodegeneration. MCFAs have been shown to stimulate autophagy and restore mitochondrial function, which are found to be disrupted in aging and neurodegeneration. This review aims to provide insight into the metabolic benefits of MCFAs in neurodegenerative disease and healthy aging. We will discuss the use of MCFAs to combat dysregulation of autophagy and mitochondrial function in the context of "normal" aging, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hrvoje Augustin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
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Zhao M, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Zhang W, Gong Y, Tang Y, Chen F, Zhang J, Liu G, Zhang H, Li Y, Mai K, Ai Q. Effects of supplemental octanoate on hepatic lipid metabolism, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant capacity and inflammation-related genes expression of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fed with high soybean oil diet. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162633. [PMID: 37051230 PMCID: PMC10083288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary high soybean oil (SO) levels might cause hepatic lipid deposition, induce oxidative stress and inflammatory response in aquatic animals, while octanoate (OCT) is beneficial to metabolism and health in mammals. However, the effect of OCT has been studied rarely in aquatic animals. In this study, a 10-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of supplemental OCT on hepatic lipid metabolism, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fed with high SO levels diet. The negative control diet contained 7% fish oil (FO), while the positive control diet contained 7% SO. The other four experimental diets were supplemented with 0.7, 2.1, 6.3 and 18.9 g/kg sodium octanoate (OCT) based on the positive control diet. Results showed that OCT supplementation effectively reduced the hepatic crude lipid, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and non-esterified free fatty acids contents, and alleviated lipid accumulation caused by the SO diet. Meanwhile, OCT supplementation decreased the serum TG, TC, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, increased the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, improved the serum lipid profiles and alleviated hepatic injury. Furthermore, with the supplementation of OCT, the mRNA expression of genes related to lipogenesis (acc1, scd1, fas, srebp1, dgat1 and cebpα) and fatty acid (FA) transport (fabp3, fatp and cd36) were down-regulated, while the mRNA expression of genes related to lipolysis (atgl, hsl and lpl) and FA β-oxidation (cpt1 and mcad) were up-regulated. Besides that, dietary OCT increased the total antioxidant capacity, activities of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase and the content of reduced glutathione, decreased the content of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde and relieved hepatic oxidative stress. Supplementation of 0.7 and 2.1 g/kg OCT down-regulated the mRNA expression of genes related to pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnfα, il1β and ifnγ), and suppressed hepatic inflammatory response. In conclusion, supplementation with 0.7-2.1 g/kg OCT could reduce hepatic lipid accumulation, relieve oxidative stress and regulate inflammatory response in large yellow croaker fed the diet with high SO levels, providing a new way to alleviate the hepatic fat deposition in aquatic animals.
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