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Bier R, Eder C, Schiele SA, Briesen H. Selective anomer crystallization from aqueous solution: Monitoring lactose recovery under mutarotation limitation via attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform spectroscopy and theoretical rate analysis. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:790-812. [PMID: 37769945 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Lactose is typically produced via cooling crystallization either from whey or whey permeate (edible grade) or from aqueous solution (pharmaceutical grade). While in solution, lactose is present in 2 anomeric forms, α- and β-lactose. During cooling crystallization under standard process conditions, only α-lactose crystallizes, depleting the solution of α-anomer. In practice, mutarotation kinetics are often assumed to be much faster than crystallization. However, some literature reports limitation of crystallization by mutarotation. In the present research, we investigate the influence of operating conditions on mutarotation in lactose crystallization and explore the existence of an operation regimen where mutarotation can be disregarded in the crystallization process. Therefore, we study crystallization from aqueous lactose solutions by inline monitoring of concentrations of α- and β-lactose via attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform spectroscopy. By implementing a linear cooling profile of 9 K/h to a minimum temperature of 10°C, we measured a remarkable increase in β/α ratio, reaching a maximum of 2.19. This ratio exceeds the equilibrium level by 36%. However, when the same cooling profile was applied to a minimum temperature of 25°C, the deviation was significantly lower, with a maximum β/α ratio of 1.72, representing only an 8% deviation from equilibrium. We also performed a theoretical assessment of the influence of process parameters on crystallization kinetics. We conclude that mutarotation needs to be taken into consideration for efficient crystallization control if the crystal surface area and supersaturation are sufficiently high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Bier
- Process Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Cornelia Eder
- Process Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Simon A Schiele
- Process Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Heiko Briesen
- Process Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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2
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Vassaki M, Hadjicharalambous C, Turhanen PA, Demadis KD. Structural Diversity in Antiosteolytic Bisphosphonates: Deciphering Structure-Activity Trends in Ultra Long Controlled Release Phenomena. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5563-5581. [PMID: 37982716 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonate (BP)-based treatments have been extensively prescribed for bone-related conditions, particularly for osteoporosis. Their low bioavailability creates the need for prescribed dosage increase to reach therapeutic levels but generates a plethora of undesirable side effects. A viable approach to alleviating these issues is to design and exploit controlled release strategies. Herein, the controlled release profiles of 15 structurally characterized BPs (actual drugs and structural analogs) were thoroughly studied from tablets containing three (cellulose, lactose, and silica) or two (cellulose, and silica) excipients in human stomach-simulated pH conditions. The BPs were of two types, alkyl-BPs and amino-BPs. Alkyl-BPs included four derivatives of etidronate (acid, disodium, tetra-sodium, and monopotassium forms), medronic acid, and three analogs of etidronate, in which the -CH3 group was replaced by the moieties -H, -CH2CH2CH3, and -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3. Amino-BPs included the commercial drugs pamidronate, alendronate, neridronate, and ibandronate, as well as three analog compounds. Release curves were constructed based on data taken from 1H NMR peak integration and were expressed as "% BP release" vs time. The controlled release profiles (initial release rate, plateau value, etc.) were correlated with certain structural features (number of hydrogen and metal-oxygen bonds), showing that the molecular and crystal lattice features of each BP profoundly influence its release characteristics. It was concluded that for all BPs, in general, the initial rate became lower as the total number of lattice interactions increased. For the alkyl-BPs elongation of the alkyl side chain seems to decelerate the release. Amino-BPs, in general, show slower release than the alkyl-BPs. No adverse effects of alkyl- and amino-BP drugs on NIH3T3 cell viability were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vassaki
- Crystal Engineering, Growth and Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece
| | | | - Petri A Turhanen
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FIN-70211, Finland
| | - Konstantinos D Demadis
- Crystal Engineering, Growth and Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece
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3
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Ozel B, McClements DJ, Arikan C, Kaner O, Oztop MH. Challenges in dried whey powder production: Quality problems. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Darmali C, Liu YC, Mansouri S, Yazdanpanah N, Nagy ZK, Woo MW. Strategy for Non-Seeded Crystallization of Slow-to-Crystallize Compounds with an Oscillatory Dynamic Baffled Crystallizer: A Case Study with α-Lactose Monohydrate. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Darmali
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yiqing Claire Liu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shahnaz Mansouri
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Zoltan K. Nagy
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Meng W. Woo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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5
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Sánchez-García YI, Gutiérrez-Méndez N, Landeros-Martínez LL, Ramos-Sánchez VH, Orozco-Mena R, Salmerón I, Leal-Ramos MY, Sepúlveda DR. Crystallization of Lactose-Protein Solutions in the Presence of Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2684-2694. [PMID: 35175029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lactose is commonly crystallized in the presence of whey proteins, forming co-crystals of lactose and proteins. This work hypothesized that flavonoids such as rutin or epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) could be incorporated into the lactose and protein co-crystal structure since flavonoids may interact with both lactose and proteins. The interactions between whey proteins and flavonoids were first studied. Then, lactose-protein solutions were crystallized with and without flavonoids, measuring the kinetic parameters of crystallization and characterizing the resulting crystals. The incorporation of flavonoids in lactose-protein co-crystals depended on the hydrophilic nature of flavonoids. The hydrophilic EGCG was scarcely enclosed in the crystal lattice of lactose and avoided the inclusion of whey proteins in the crystals. In contrast, the less water-soluble rutin interacted with whey proteins and lactose, leading to the formation of co-crystals containing lactose, protein, and a large concentration of rutin (3.468 ± 0.392 mg per 100 mg of crystals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanira I Sánchez-García
- The Graduate School, Graduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry School, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua PC 31125, México
| | - Néstor Gutiérrez-Méndez
- The Graduate School, Graduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry School, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua PC 31125, México
| | - Linda L Landeros-Martínez
- The Graduate School, Graduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry School, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua PC 31125, México
| | - Víctor H Ramos-Sánchez
- The Graduate School, Graduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry School, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua PC 31125, México
| | - Raúl Orozco-Mena
- The Graduate School, Graduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry School, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua PC 31125, México
| | - Iván Salmerón
- The Graduate School, Graduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry School, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua PC 31125, México
| | - Martha Y Leal-Ramos
- The Graduate School, Graduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry School, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua PC 31125, México
| | - David R Sepúlveda
- Research Center for Food and Development, Civil Association (CIAD A.C.), Cuauhtémoc PC 31125, México
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6
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Jadhav P, Patil P, Bhagwat D, Gaikwad V, Mehta PP. Recent advances in orthogonal analytical techniques for microstructural understanding of inhalable particles: Present status and future perspective. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Alothaid H, Aldughaim MS, Yusuf AO, Yezdani U, Alhazmi A, Habibullah MM, Khan MG. A comprehensive study of the basic formulation of supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) of albendazolum. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2119-2126. [PMID: 34612775 PMCID: PMC8510591 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1986601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Albendazolum (ABZ) is a BCS class II drug. It has challenging biopharmaceutical properties, which include poor solubility and dissolution rate. These properties have laid the ground for developing a supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) to form oil-in-water nanoemulsion in situ to improve the oral bioavailability of ABZ. Based on the ABZ solubility, emulsifying ability, and stability after dispersion in an aqueous phase, an optimal self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) consisting of oleic acid, Tween® 20, and PEG 600 (X:Y:Z, w/w) was identified, having 10% (w/w) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) E15 lv as its precipitation inhibitor. The optimized system possessed a small mean globule size value (89.2 nm), good dispersion properties (polydispersity index (PDI): 0.278), and preserved the supersaturated state of ABZ. S-SNEDDS was transformed into solid supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SS-SNEDDS) using microcrystalline cellulose as a solid material. The developed S-SNEDDS were characterized for globule size, pH, turbidity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and flow properties. The data obtained from the results suggest that this S-SNEDDS formulation can enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability of ABZ for appropriate clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Alothaid
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Umama Yezdani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, MRM College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India
| | - Alaa Alhazmi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M Habibullah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Wijayasinghe R, Bogahawaththa D, Chandrapala J, Vasiljevic T. Crystallization behavior and crystal properties of lactose as affected by lactic, citric, or phosphoric acid. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11050-11061. [PMID: 33069405 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of acids in a lactose-containing system can affect its crystallization. The crystallization kinetics of lactose solutions were investigated as affected by lactic, citric, or phosphoric acid at a concentration of 0.05, 1, or 4% (wt/wt) as compared with that of pure lactose. The crystallization behavior of lactose was affected differently by the presence of all 3 acids and was mostly concentration dependent. The presence of 1 and 4% citric or phosphoric acid reduced the crystal yield significantly (≥18%) as compared with that of pure lactose (∼82%). Thermographic analysis of lactose crystals showed that the presence of 1% lactic, 0.05 and 1% citric, and 4% phosphoric acids in the lactose solutions induced the formation of amorphous lactose. X-Ray diffraction analysis revealed that the lactose crystallized mainly into α-lactose monohydrate, stable anhydrous α-lactose, and anhydrous crystals containing α-lactose and β-lactose in a molar ratio of 5:3 and 4:1. Average size of the lactose particles, comprising of several crystallites, declined depending on the type of the acids and their concentration, but size of a single crystallite was not altered. The findings suggested that the lactose crystallization and crystal properties are governed by the lactose-water interactions, which can be influenced by the presence of acids in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wijayasinghe
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities and College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Werribee campus, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - D Bogahawaththa
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities and College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Werribee campus, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - J Chandrapala
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - T Vasiljevic
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities and College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Werribee campus, Victoria 3030, Australia.
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10
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Batghare AH, Roy K, Moholkar VS. Investigations in physical mechanism of ultrasound-assisted antisolvent batch crystallization of lactose monohydrate from aqueous solutions. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 67:105127. [PMID: 32334378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sonication is known to enhance crystallization of lactose from aqueous solutions. This study has attempted to reveal the mechanistic features of antisolvent crystallization of lactose monohydrate from aqueous solutions. Experiments were conducted in three protocols, viz. mechanical stirring, mechanical stirring with sonication and sonication at elevated static pressure. Mechanical stirring provided macroconvection while sonication induced microconvection in the system. Other experimental parameters were initial lactose concentration and rate of antisolvent (ethanol) addition. Kinetic parameters of crystallization were coupled with simulations of bubble dynamics. The growth rate of crystals, rate of nucleation, average size of crystal crop and total lactose yield in different protocols were related to nature of convection in the medium. Macroconvection assisted nucleation but could not give high growth rate. Microconvection comprised of microstreaming due to ultrasound and acoustic (or shock) waves due to transient cavitation. Sonication at atmospheric static pressure enhanced growth rate but reduced nucleation. However, with elimination of cavitation at elevated static pressure, sonication enhanced both nucleation and growth rate resulting in almost complete lactose recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit H Batghare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Kuldeep Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Vijayanand S Moholkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India.
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11
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Gajjar P, Styliari ID, Nguyen TTH, Carr J, Chen X, Elliott JA, Hammond RB, Burnett TL, Roberts K, Withers PJ, Murnane D. 3D characterisation of dry powder inhaler formulations: Developing X-ray micro computed tomography approaches. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 151:32-44. [PMID: 32268190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carrier-based dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations need to be accurately characterised for their particle size distributions, surface roughnesses, fines contents and flow properties. Understanding the micro-structure of the powder formulation is crucial, yet current characterisation methods give incomplete information. Commonly used techniques like laser diffraction (LD) and optical microscopy (OM) are limited due to the assumption of sphericity and can give variable results depending on particle orientation and dispersion. The aim of this work was to develop new three dimensional (3D) powder analytical techniques using X-ray computed tomography (XCT) that could be employed for non-destructive metrology of inhaled formulations. α-lactose monohydrate powders with different characteristics have been analysed, and their size and shape (sphericity/aspect ratio) distributions compared with results from LD and OM. The three techniques were shown to produce comparable size distributions, while the different shape distributions from XCT and OM highlight the difference between 2D and 3D imaging. The effect of micro-structure on flowability was also analysed through 3D measurements of void volume and tap density. This study has demonstrated for the first time that XCT provides an invaluable, non-destructive and analytical approach to obtain number- and volume-based particle size distributions of DPI formulations in 3D space, and for unique 3D characterisation of powder micro-structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gajjar
- Henry Moseley X-ray Imaging Facility, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - I D Styliari
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - T T H Nguyen
- Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J Carr
- Henry Moseley X-ray Imaging Facility, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - X Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - J A Elliott
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - R B Hammond
- Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T L Burnett
- Henry Moseley X-ray Imaging Facility, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - K Roberts
- Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - P J Withers
- Henry Moseley X-ray Imaging Facility, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - D Murnane
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.
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12
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Gajjar P, Styliari ID, Nguyen TTH, Carr J, Chen X, Elliott JA, Hammond RB, Burnett TL, Roberts K, Withers PJ, Murnane D. WITHDRAWN: 3D characterisation of dry powder inhaler formulations: Developing X-ray micro computed tomography approaches. Int J Pharm 2020:118988. [PMID: 31935476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Gajjar
- Henry Moseley X-ray Imaging Facility, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - I D Styliari
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - T T H Nguyen
- Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J Carr
- Henry Moseley X-ray Imaging Facility, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - X Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - J A Elliott
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - R B Hammond
- Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T L Burnett
- Henry Moseley X-ray Imaging Facility, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - K Roberts
- Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - P J Withers
- Henry Moseley X-ray Imaging Facility, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - D Murnane
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK.
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13
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The effect of invertase concentration on quality parameters of fondant. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:4242-4250. [PMID: 31477995 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fondant is a saturated sugar solution which is a paste- or cream-like heterogeneous system consisting of a solid phase (saccharose crystals), a liquid phase (saturated saccharose solution and glucose/invert sugar) and a gaseous phase. Fondant is used as a filling material and as a coating material for pastry, confectionery and chocolate products. Therefore, mechanical properties are important for both machinability and sensory properties of the fondant. In the present study, the invertase enzyme was added at different concentrations (0.1-0.5%) to investigate its effect on the textural and rheological properties of the fondant during the storage period as well as on the sugar composition. After the first week of storage, the hardness of the control sample decreased from the initial value of 221.1-69.24 g and 48.22 g for the addition of 0.1 and 0.5% enzyme. G' and G″ values of the fondant decreased by treatment with invertase enzyme. The positive effect of the invertase addition to fondant was also perceived in sensory evaluation. Therefore, using invertase enzyme enabled the product having desired quality characteristics. The results of the present study highlighted that invertase enzyme can be used to soften the product improving the sensory characteristics and machinability and reducing or eliminating the crystallization of sucrose which negatively affects the quality parameters. Depending on the intended purpose of the fondant, the invertase concentration can be optimized.
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15
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Simone E, Tyler AII, Kuah D, Bao X, Ries ME, Baker D. Optimal Design of Crystallization Processes for the Recovery of a Slow-Nucleating Sugar with a Complex Chemical Equilibrium in Aqueous Solution: The Case of Lactose. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Simone
- Food Colloids and Processing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Arwen I. I. Tyler
- Food Colloids and Processing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Daniel Kuah
- Food Colloids and Processing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Xiaofan Bao
- Food Colloids and Processing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Michael E. Ries
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Daniel Baker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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16
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Sánchez-García YI, Gutiérrez-Méndez N, Orozco-Mena RE, Ramos-Sánchez VH, Leal-Ramos MY. Individual and combined effect of pH and whey proteins on lactose crystallization. Food Res Int 2018; 116:455-461. [PMID: 30716968 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lactose is recovered by crystallization from cheese whey that is a by-product of cheesemaking. The whey used for the recovery of lactose usually has a residual content of protein that alters the crystallization of lactose. In addition, the pH of whey may fluctuate depending on the cheese variety. However, there is little information on how the pH modifies the effect that whey proteins have on lactose crystallization. Accordingly, this work aimed to evaluate the individual and combined effect of whey proteins and pH on the kinetics of crystallization, the crystal size distribution and the crystallinity of lactose. The addition of whey proteins in lactose solutions (25% v/v) modified the process of lactose crystallization. However, the effect that whey proteins had on lactose crystallization heavily depended on the pH. The number of crystals per milliliter as well as the growth and size distribution of crystals was the most affected with the changes in pH (pHs of 7, 5.5 and 4) and the addition of whey proteins (0 and 0.63%). All the treatment produced mostly α-lactose monohydrated but some treatments also generated crystals of β-lactose (pH 5.5, 0% of proteins). Amorphous lactose was observed mainly in lactose solutions adjusted at pH 7 and added with whey proteins. This particular treatment also incorporated the highest amount of protein into the lattice of lactose crystals. The results of this work highlight the importance of controlling the pH of lactose crystallization, especially if there is a presence of whey proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanira I Sánchez-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Posgrado, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Néstor Gutiérrez-Méndez
- Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Posgrado, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Raúl E Orozco-Mena
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Victor H Ramos-Sánchez
- Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Posgrado, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Martha Y Leal-Ramos
- Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Posgrado, Chihuahua, Mexico
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Pinto JT, Zellnitz S, Guidi T, Roblegg E, Paudel A. Assessment of Dry Powder Inhaler Carrier Targeted Design: A Comparative Case Study of Diverse Anomeric Compositions and Physical Properties of Lactose. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2827-2839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana T. Pinto
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Zellnitz
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tomaso Guidi
- R&D Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
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18
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Vinodhini K, Srinivasan K. The Effect of Power, Pulse Rate and Treatment Time of Sonication on the Nucleation and Growth of α-Lactose Monohydrate (α-LM) Single Crystals from Aqueous Solution. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201700227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Vinodhini
- Crystal Growth Laboratory; Department of Physics; School of Physical Sciences; Bharathiar University; Coimbatore 641 046 Tamil Nadu India
| | - K. Srinivasan
- Crystal Growth Laboratory; Department of Physics; School of Physical Sciences; Bharathiar University; Coimbatore 641 046 Tamil Nadu India
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19
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Adhikari BM, Truong T, Bansal N, Bhandari B. Influence of gas addition on crystallisation behaviour of lactose from supersaturated solution. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Effect of Carbonation of Supersaturated Lactose Solution on Crystallisation Behaviour of Alpha-Lactose Monohydrate. FOOD BIOPHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-016-9462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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McLeod J, Paterson A, Bronlund J, Jones J. The effect of agitation on the nucleation of α-lactose monohydrate. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Shaffer K, Paterson A, Davies C, Hebbink G. Nucleation of lactose using continuous orifice flow. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Pandalaneni K, Amamcharla J. Focused beam reflectance measurement as a tool for in situ monitoring of the lactose crystallization process. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5244-5253. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Siddique H, Brown CJ, Houson I, Florence AJ. Establishment of a Continuous Sonocrystallization Process for Lactose in an Oscillatory Baffled Crystallizer. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Humera Siddique
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative
Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallization, Technology
Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron J. Brown
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative
Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallization, Technology
Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Houson
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative
Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallization, Technology
Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair J. Florence
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative
Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallization, Technology
Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, United Kingdom
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25
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Zhang Z, Sun DW, Zhu Z, Cheng L. Enhancement of Crystallization Processes by Power Ultrasound: Current State-of-the-Art and Research Advances. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 PRChina
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 PRChina
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre; Univ. College Dublin, Natl. Univ. of Ireland; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 PRChina
| | - Lina Cheng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 PRChina
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26
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Parimaladevi P, Srinivasan K. Achievement of favorable uniform crystal size distribution of alpha-lactose monohydrate (α-LM) through swift cooling process. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Zamanipoor MH, Mancera RL. The emerging application of ultrasound in lactose crystallisation. Trends Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wong SY, Hartel RW. Crystallization in lactose refining-a review. J Food Sci 2014; 79:R257-72. [PMID: 24517206 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the dairy industry, crystallization is an important separation process used in the refining of lactose from whey solutions. In the refining operation, lactose crystals are separated from the whey solution through nucleation, growth, and/or aggregation. The rate of crystallization is determined by the combined effect of crystallizer design, processing parameters, and impurities on the kinetics of the process. This review summarizes studies on lactose crystallization, including the mechanism, theory of crystallization, and the impact of various factors affecting the crystallization kinetics. In addition, an overview of the industrial crystallization operation highlights the problems faced by the lactose manufacturer. The approaches that are beneficial to the lactose manufacturer for process optimization or improvement are summarized in this review. Over the years, much knowledge has been acquired through extensive research. However, the industrial crystallization process is still far from optimized. Therefore, future effort should focus on transferring the new knowledge and technology to the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yee Wong
- Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706
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Patel SR, Murthy ZVP. Lactose Recovery Processes from Whey: A Comparative Study Based on Sonocrystallization. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2011.594142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Correa Cuevas LP, Aguilar Franco M, Hernández Baltazar E. Indirect microwave heating to pharmaceutical excipients: Lactose hydrate. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Fu N, Woo MW, Moo FT, Chen XD. Microcrystallization of lactose during droplet drying and its effect on the property of the dried particle. Chem Eng Res Des 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Wong SY, Bund RK, Connelly RK, Hartel RW. Determination of the dynamic metastable limit for α-lactose monohydrate crystallization. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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McLeod J, Paterson A, Jones J, Bronlund J. Primary nucleation of alpha-lactose monohydrate: The effect of supersaturation and temperature. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Patel SR, Murthy ZVP. Effect of process parameters on crystal size and morphology of lactose in ultrasound-assisted crystallization. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Yucel U, Coupland JN. Ultrasonic Characterization of Lactose Crystallization in Gelatin Gels. J Food Sci 2011; 76:E48-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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38
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Patel SR, Murthy ZVP. Optimization of process parameters by Taguchi method in the recovery of lactose from whey using sonocrystallization. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Alksnis E. Biological clock and the origin of life. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09291011003650781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgars Alksnis
- a Aldols, Ltd. , VEF-Balozi-968/969, Olaines pag. Rigas raj, Medemciems, LV-2127, Latvia
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40
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Ho R, Muresan AS, Hebbink GA, Heng JYY. Influence of fines on the surface energy heterogeneity of lactose for pulmonary drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2009; 388:88-94. [PMID: 20038447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the blending of lactose fines to the overall adhesion property of coarse alpha-lactose monohydrate carrier particles were investigated. Five samples, three of them commercial samples from DOMO (Lactohale) LH100, LH210, and LH250) whilst the other two are blends of LH210 and LH250, were studied. Characterisation included particle sizing, SEM, PXRD and IGC. Dispersive surface energy gamma(SV)(d) was determined using a finite concentration IGC method to obtain a distribution profile. The gamma(SV)(d) distribution of lactose crystals was found to vary from 40 to 48mJ/m(2). The unmilled coarse crystalline lactose sample (LH100) gamma(SV)(d) was lowest and showed less heterogeneity than the milled sample (LH250). Fines (LH210) were found to have the highest gamma(SV)(d) value. The samples with loaded LH210 were found to have a higher energy than LH100. The amount of LH210 in Blend 1 was not able to decrease surface energy heterogeneity, whereas sample Blend 2 showed adequate loading of fines to obtain a relatively homogeneous surface. Addition of fines resulted in an increase in gamma(SV)(d), suggesting that coarse lactose surfaces were replaced by surfaces of the fines. Increasing the loading of fines may result in a more homogeneous surface energy of lactose particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Ho
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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41
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Patel SR, Murthy ZVP. Ultrasound assisted crystallization for the recovery of lactose in an anti-solvent acetone. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200900227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Langrish T. Assessing the relative tendency of different materials to crystallize in spray drying: A comparison between sodium chloride and lactose. J FOOD ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Mimouni A, Schuck P, Bouhallab S. Isothermal batch crystallization of alpha-lactose: A kinetic model combining mutarotation, nucleation and growth steps. Int Dairy J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Influence of ageing, grinding and preheating on the thermal behaviour of α-lactose monohydrate. Int J Pharm 2008; 361:131-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dhumal RS, Biradar SV, Paradkar AR, York P. Ultrasound assisted engineering of lactose crystals. Pharm Res 2008; 25:2835-44. [PMID: 18592354 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To engineer lactose crystals of desired size, shape, surface and particle size distribution (PSD) as a carrier for dry powder inhalers (DPI) by ultrasound assisted in-situ seeding. METHODS Lactose crystals were obtained from solution by ultrasound assisted in-situ seeding, followed by growth in viscous glycerin solution. The crystals were characterized for physical properties and 63-90 mum size fractions of different batches were mixed with salbutamol sulphate (SS) and compared for in-vitro deposition. RESULTS Cooling crystallization with stirring for 10-20 h resulted in crystals with wide PSD and varied shape. Application of ultrasound resulted in rapid and complete crystallization in 5 min with rod-shaped fine crystals (15-30 microm) and narrow PSD. In-situ seeded batches yielded micro-fine rod-shaped seed crystals. Seeding followed by growth in glycerin showed desirable size, high elongation ratio, smooth surface and narrow PSD, while growth under stirring showed high elongation ratio with rough surface. Crystals grown in glycerin showed highest dispersibility and fine particle fraction (FPF) of SS. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound assisted in-situ seeding, followed by ordered growth in glycerin offers rapid technique for separation of nuclei induction from crystal growth yielding desirable characteristics for better dispersion and in-vitro deposition when employed as DPI carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra S Dhumal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Erandawane, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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46
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Bhandari B, Burel B. Prediction of Lactose Crystals Present in Supersaturated Lactose and Whey Solutions by Measuring the Water Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910601024938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Traini D, Young PM, Jones M, Edge S, Price R. Comparative study of erythritol and lactose monohydrate as carriers for inhalation: atomic force microscopy and in vitro correlation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005; 27:243-51. [PMID: 16330191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Revised: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion of micronised salbutamol sulphate to two carrier excipients, lactose monohydrate and erythritol, was investigated using the atomic force microscope (AFM) colloid probe technique and correlated with their respective physico-mechanical properties and aerosolisation performance. The particle size, morphology and moisture sorption properties of the carriers were similar thereby allowing direct comparison of functionality. AFM force measurements (n = 1024 force curves) were obtained between salbutamol sulphate drug probes (n = 4) and the excipients, as 63-90 microm sieve fractions and atomically smooth crystals. In general, significant differences in drug adhesion to lactose monohydrate and erythritol were observed (ANOVA, p<0.05), with erythritol exhibiting relatively greater adhesiveness. A linear relationship between drug probe adhesion to lactose monohydrate and drug probe adhesion to erythritol was established with salbutamol sulphate-lactose monohydrate adhesion being 60-70% of that of the erythritol system. In vitro analysis suggested good correlation with the adhesion measurements. The aerosolisation of salbutamol sulphate from erythritol carrier particles was significantly less (ANOVA, p<0.05) than from lactose monohydrate, with a fine particle dose (<6.4 microm) of 41.9 +/- 7.4 microg and 24.9 +/- 3.1 microg for the lactose monohydrate and erythritol carriers, respectively (n = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Traini
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy (A15), University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Cheung EY, Harris KDM, Johnston RL, Hadden KL, Zakrzewski M. Polymorphism of a Novel Sodium Ion Channel Blocker. J Pharm Sci 2003; 92:2017-26. [PMID: 14502541 DOI: 10.1002/jps.10434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
2-[[4-(4-Fluorophenoxy)phenyl]-methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide, a member of the semicarbazone family which has shown potential therapeutic use as anticonvulsants, has been found to exist in two polymorphic forms denoted A and B. In addition to reporting aspects of the physical characterization of both forms, the crystal structure of polymorph A has been determined directly from powder X-ray diffraction data using the Genetic Algorithm technique for structure solution, followed by Rietveld refinement. This structure is compared with that of polymorph B, which was determined previously from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. Knowledge of the crystal structures of the two polymorphs provides the opportunity for establishing structure-property relationships. This work further emphasizes the scope and utility of ab initio structure solution from powder X-ray diffraction data in the pharmaceuticals field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Y Cheung
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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49
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Raghavan SL, Ristic RI, Sheen DB, Sherwood JN. Dissolution kinetics of single crystals of alpha-lactose monohydrate. J Pharm Sci 2002; 91:2166-74. [PMID: 12226843 DOI: 10.1002/jps.10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The dissolution kinetics of alpha-lactose monohydrate (alphaLM) single crystals were studied by a flow-cell method at different undersaturations. Linear dissolution profiles were obtained as a function of time for all the faces except the (010) face. The dissolution rates, obtained from these profiles, were anisotropic and varied considerably with undersaturation. At low undersaturations (0-2%), the order of dissolution rate was (110) > (100) > (011) = (110) > (010). This order changed with increasing undersaturation (>5%) to (011) >> (100) > (110) > (110) > (010). In alphaLM crystals in which lattice strain was induced by synchrotron X-irradiation, the rates of dissolution of all faces increased with increasing strain. The increase was less significant for the (011) faces than for the remainder. Under this constraint, the (010) face became the fastest dissolving one and the [011]face became the slowest one. The results of all experiments are explained on the basis that although dislocations may act as initiating dissolution centers at very low undersaturations, these sources rapidly give way to two-dimensional nucleation of randomly distributed dissolution sites as the undersaturation is increased. Under these conditions, which better reflect the normal dissolution processes of materials, bulk lattice strain plays the most significant role in defining the dissolution rate. The results show a potential route to the controlled engineering of the dissolution behavior of crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Raghavan
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
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