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Cerofolini L, Parigi G, Ravera E, Fragai M, Luchinat C. Solid-state NMR methods for the characterization of bioconjugations and protein-material interactions. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 122:101828. [PMID: 36240720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein solid-state NMR has evolved dramatically over the last two decades, with the development of new hardware and sample preparation methodologies. This technique is now ripe for complex applications, among which one can count bioconjugation, protein chemistry and functional biomaterials. In this review, we provide our account on this aspect of protein solid-state NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cerofolini
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Florence Data Science, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy.
| | - Marco Fragai
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Hung I, Gan Z. High-Resolution NMR of S = 3/2 Quadrupole Nuclei by Detection of Double-Quantum Satellite Transitions via Protons. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4734-4740. [PMID: 32459488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Indirect NMR detection via protons under fast magic-angle spinning can help overcome the low sensitivity and resolution of low-γ quadrupole nuclei such as 35Cl. A robust and efficient method is presented for indirectly acquiring the double-quantum satellite-transition (DQ-ST) spectra of quadrupole nuclei. For a spin S = 3/2, the DQ-STs have a much smaller second-order quadrupolar broadening, one-ninth compared to that of the central transition. Thus, they can provide a factor of up to 18 in resolution enhancement. The indirect detection of DQ-STs via protons is carried out using the heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (HMQC) experiment with the transfer of populations in double-resonance (TRAPDOR) recoupling mechanism. The resolution enhancement by detecting DQ-STs and the high efficiency of the TRAPDOR-HMQC experiment are demonstrated by 35Cl NMR of several active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hung
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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Hong YL, Manjunatha Reddy GN, Nishiyama Y. Selective detection of active pharmaceutical ingredients in tablet formulations using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2020; 106:101651. [PMID: 32058901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2020.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-level characterization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is crucial in pharmaceutical industry because APIs play an important role in physicochemical properties of drug formulations. However, the analysis of targeted APIs in intact tablet formulations is less straightforward due to the coexistence of excipients as major components and different APIs at dilute concentrations (often below 10 wt% loading). Although solid-state (ss) NMR spectroscopy is widely used to investigate short-range order, polymorphism, and pseudo-polymorphism in neat pharmaceutical compounds, the analysis of complex drug formulations is often limited by overlapped signals that originate from structurally different APIs and excipients. In particular, such examples are frequently encountered in the analysis of 1H ssNMR spectra of pharmaceutical formulations. While the high-resolution in 1H ssNMR spectra can be attained by, for example, high magnetic fields accompanied by fast magic-angle spinning (MAS) approaches, the spectral complexity associated with the mixtures of compounds hinders the accurate determination of chemical shifts and through-space proximities. Here we propose a fast MAS (70 kHz) NMR experiment for the selective detection of 1H signals associated with an API from a severely overlapped NMR spectrum of a tablet formulation. Spectral simplification is achieved by combining (i) symmetry-based dipolar recoupling (SR412) rotational-echo saturation-pulse double-resonance (RESPDOR) with phase-modulate (PM) saturation pulses, (ii) radio frequency-driven recoupling (RFDR), and (iii) double-quantum excitation using Back-to-Back (BaBa) pulse sequence elements. First, 1H sites in close proximities to 14N nuclei of an API are excited using a PM-S-RESPDOR sequence, and simultaneously, the other unwanted 1H signals of excipients are suppressed. Then, 1H magnetization transfer to adjacent 1H sites in the API is achieved by spin diffusion process using a RFDR sequence, which polarizes to 1H sites within the crystalline API regions of the drug formulation. Next, a PM-S-RESPDOR-RFDR sequence is combined with a Back-to-Back (BaBa) sequence to elucidate local-structures and 1H-1H proximities of the API in a dosage form. The PM-S-RESPDOR-RFDR-BaBa experiment is employed in one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) versions to selectively detect the 1H ssNMR spectrum of l-cysteine (10.6 wt% or 0.11 mg) in a commercial formulation, and compared with the spectra of neat l-cysteine recorded using a standard BaBa experiment. The 2D 1H double-quantum-single-quantum (DQ-SQ) spectrum of the API (l-cysteine)-detected pharmaceutical tablet is in good agreement with the 2D 1H DQ-SQ spectrum obtained from the pure API molecule. Furthermore, the sensitivity and robustness of the experiment is examined by selectively detecting 1H{14N} signals in an amino acid salt, l-histidine.H2O.HCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lee Hong
- Nanocrystallography Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, and AIST-Kyoto University Chemical Energy Materials Open Innovation Laboratory (ChEM-OIL), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- Nanocrystallography Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; NMR Division, SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; JEOL RESONANCE Inc., Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8558, Japan.
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Rietveld IB, Barrio M, Lloveras P, Céolin R, Tamarit JL. Polymorphism of spironolactone: An unprecedented case of monotropy turning to enantiotropy with a huge difference in the melting temperatures. Int J Pharm 2018; 552:193-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Newman
- Seventh Street Development Group; PO Box 251 Kure Beach NC 28449 USA
| | - Cen Chen
- Crystal Pharmatech; B4-101, Biobay, 218 Xinghu Street, Suzhou Industrial Park Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Carlos Sanrame
- Crystal Pharmatech; Suite 500-B, 3000 Eastpark Blvd Cranbury NJ 08512 USA
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Zhao L, Pinon AC, Emsley L, Rossini AJ. DNP-enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy of active pharmaceutical ingredients. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:583-609. [PMID: 29193278 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy has become a valuable tool for the characterization of both pure and formulated active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, NMR generally suffers from poor sensitivity that often restricts NMR experiments to nuclei with favorable properties, concentrated samples, and acquisition of one-dimensional (1D) NMR spectra. Here, we review how dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) can be applied to routinely enhance the sensitivity of solid-state NMR experiments by one to two orders of magnitude for both pure and formulated APIs. Sample preparation protocols for relayed DNP experiments and experiments on directly doped APIs are detailed. Numerical spin diffusion models illustrate the dependence of relayed DNP enhancements on the relaxation properties and particle size of the solids and can be used for particle size determination when the other factors are known. We then describe the advanced solid-state NMR experiments that have been enabled by DNP and how they provide unique insight into the molecular and macroscopic structure of APIs. For example, with large sensitivity gains provided by DNP, natural isotopic abundance, 13 C-13 C double-quantum single-quantum homonuclear correlation NMR spectra of pure APIs can be routinely acquired. DNP also enables solid-state NMR experiments with unreceptive quadrupolar nuclei such as 2 H, 14 N, and 35 Cl that are commonly found in APIs. Applications of DNP-enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy for the molecular level characterization of low API load formulations such as commercial tablets and amorphous solid dispersions are described. Future perspectives for DNP-enhanced solid-state NMR experiments on APIs are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Arthur C Pinon
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
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Namespetra AM, Hirsh DA, Hildebrand MP, Sandre AR, Hamaed H, Rawson JM, Schurko RW. 35Cl solid-state NMR spectroscopy of HCl pharmaceuticals and their polymorphs in bulk and dosage forms. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01069e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the use of 35Cl SSNMR for the structural fingerprinting of HCl salts of pharmaceuticals in both bulk and dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Namespetra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor, N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - David A. Hirsh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor, N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Marcel P. Hildebrand
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor, N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Anthony R. Sandre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor, N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Hiyam Hamaed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor, N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor, N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Robert W. Schurko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor, N9B 3P4 Canada
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Hirsh DA, Rossini AJ, Emsley L, Schurko RW. 35Cl dynamic nuclear polarization solid-state NMR of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:25893-25904. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04353d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we show how to obtain efficient dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhanced 35Cl solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectra at 9.4 T and demonstrate how they can be used to characterize the molecular-level structure of hydrochloride salts of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in both bulk and low wt% API dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Hirsh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- Canada
| | - Aaron J. Rossini
- Department of Chemistry
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
- US DOE Ames Laboratory
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Robert W. Schurko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- Canada
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Desiniotis A, Kyprianou N. Advances in the design and synthesis of prazosin derivatives over the last ten years. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:1405-18. [PMID: 22148952 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.641534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mechanistic, translational and pharmacological studies led to the identification and discovery of the preferred localization, binding characteristics, structure and functional properties of α1-adrenoceptor (α1-AR) subtypes in the bladder neck, bladder and prostate gland. The evidence gathered on α1-ARs, provided a molecular platform for the development of subtype-selective antagonists, resulting in more effective approaches targeting those receptors for the treatment of outlet bladder obstruction and benign prostate hyperplasia. AREAS COVERED Advances over the last decade in the design and optimization of Prazosin, Doxazosin and Terazosin quinazoline-based derivatives as α1-AR antagonists. Evidence on the metabolic and growth interference action by these agents, in addition to their smooth-muscle-relaxing effects. The new action recognition emerges from data on the inhibitory effect of quinazoline-based antagonists on primary tumor growth and progression to metastasis. In addition to the cellular findings in the prostate, functional validation and therapeutic effects of selected lead pharmaceutically optimized derivatives in the context of impairing vascularity and triggering tumor apoptosis. EXPERT OPINION Knowledge on targeting intracellular signalling pathways driving the cellular response via an α1-AR-dependent and independent antagonistic action, must be invested towards the optimization of new agents that while bypassing AR, exhibit improved pharmacological efficacy against human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Desiniotis
- University of Kentucky Medical Center, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Combs Cancer Research Building, Room 306, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Roy BN, Singh GP, Godbole HM, Nehate SP. Stabilization of quinapril by incorporating hydrogen bonding interactions. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 71:395-405. [PMID: 20502545 PMCID: PMC2865811 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.57288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study stability of various known solvates of quinapril hydrochloride has been compared with nitromethane solvate. Nitromethane solvate was found to be more stable compared to other known solvates. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of quinapril nitromethane solvate shows intermolecular hydrogen bonding between quinapril molecule and nitromethane. Stabilization of quinapril by forming strong hydrogen bonding network as in case of co-crystals was further studied by forming co-crystal with tris(hydroxymethyl)amino methane. Quinapril free base forms a stable salt with tris(hydroxymethyl)amino methane not reported earlier. Quinapril tris(hydroxymethyl)amino methane salt found to be stable even at 80° for 72 h i.e. hardly any formation of diketopiperazine and diacid impurity. As expected single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals tris(hydroxymethyl)amino methane salt of quinapril shows complex hydrogen bonding network between the two entities along with ionic bond. The properties of this stable salt - stable in solid as well as solution phase, might lead to an alternate highly stable formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Roy
- Lupin Ltd. (Research Park), 46A, 47A - Nande Village, Mulshi Taluka, Pune-411 042, India
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Chieng N, Rades T, Aaltonen J. An overview of recent studies on the analysis of pharmaceutical polymorphs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:618-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Asmadi A, Kendrick J, Leusen FJJ. Crystal Structure Prediction and Isostructurality of Three Small Molecules. Chemistry 2010; 16:12701-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aldi Asmadi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP (UK), Fax: (+44) 1274‐236155
| | - John Kendrick
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP (UK), Fax: (+44) 1274‐236155
| | - Frank J. J. Leusen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP (UK), Fax: (+44) 1274‐236155
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Characterization of solvatomorphs of methotrexate using thermoanalytical and other techniques. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2009; 59:245-57. [PMID: 19819822 DOI: 10.2478/v10007-009-0024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Identification and characterization of different forms of methotrexate were carried out by crystallization from different solvents. Five different forms of the drug were obtained. Appearance of a desolvation endotherm in the DSC accompanied by mass loss in TGA for forms I, II, IV and V showed these forms to be acetonitrile solvate hydrate (form I), trihydrate (forms II and IV) and dimethylformamide solvate (form V), respectively. However, the desolvation peak was absent in form III (obtained from methanol) indicating the absence of any solvent of crystallization. This form was found to be partially crystalline by its XRPD pattern. Solution calorimetry was further used to differentiate between the forms as they differ in lattice energy, resulting in different enthalpies of solution. The dissolution and solubility profiles were correlated with the enthalpy of solution and subsequently with crystallinity of all the forms; the least endothermic form (form III) had the highest dissolution rate.
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Nauha E, Saxell H, Nissinen M, Kolehmainen E, Schäfer A, Schlecker R. Polymorphism and versatile solvate formation of thiophanate-methyl. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b905511h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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