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Madi C, Hsein H, Busignies V, Tchoreloff P, Mazel V. Tableting behavior of freeze and spray-dried excipients in pharmaceutical formulations. Int J Pharm 2024; 656:124059. [PMID: 38552753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Most of biopharmaceuticals, in their liquid form, are prone to instabilities during storage. In order to improve their stability, lyophilization is the most commonly used drying technique in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, certain applications of biopharmaceutical products can be considered by oral administration and tablets are the most frequent solid pharmaceutical dosage form used for oral route. Thus, the tableting properties of freeze-dried products used as cryo and lyoprotectant could be a key element for future pharmaceutical developments and applications. In this study, we investigated the properties that might play a particular role in the specific compaction behavior of freeze-dried excipients. The tableting properties of freeze-dried trehalose, lactose and mannitol were investigated and compared to other forms of these excipients (spray-dried, commercial crystalline and commercial crystalline milled powders). The obtained results showed a specific behavior in terms of compressibility, tabletability and brittleness for the amorphous powders obtained after freeze-drying. The comparison with the other powders showed that this specific tableting behavior is linked to both the specific texture and the physical state (amorphization) of these freeze-dried powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Madi
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400, Talence, France; Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Hesam Universite, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Hassana Hsein
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400, Talence, France; Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Hesam Universite, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Virginie Busignies
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400, Talence, France; Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Hesam Universite, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Pierre Tchoreloff
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400, Talence, France; Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Hesam Universite, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Vincent Mazel
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400, Talence, France; Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Hesam Universite, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
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2
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Matji A, Donato N, Gagol A, Morales E, Carvajal L, Serrano DR, Worku ZA, Healy AM, Torrado JJ. Predicting the critical quality attributes of ibuprofen tablets via modelling of process parameters for roller compaction and tabletting. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:209-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Bastidas CY, von Plessing C, Troncoso J, del P. Castillo R. Evaluation of the microscopic distribution of florfenicol in feed pellets for salmon by Fourier Transform infrared imaging and multivariate analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 152:257-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Grdešič P, Vrečer F, Ilić I. Flow and compaction properties of hypromellose: new directly compressible versus the established grades. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 42:1877-86. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1181079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Grdešič
- Krka, tovarna zdravil, d.d., Novo mesto, Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - Franc Vrečer
- Krka, tovarna zdravil, d.d., Novo mesto, Novo mesto, Slovenia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ilija Ilić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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5
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Klukkert M, Wu JX, Rantanen J, Carstensen JM, Rades T, Leopold CS. Multispectral UV imaging for fast and non-destructive quality control of chemical and physical tablet attributes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 90:85-95. [PMID: 26657202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of tablet quality attributes in direct vicinity of the production process requires analytical techniques that allow fast, non-destructive, and accurate tablet characterization. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of multispectral UV imaging as a reliable, rapid technique for estimation of the tablet API content and tablet hardness, as well as determination of tablet intactness and the tablet surface density profile. One of the aims was to establish an image analysis approach based on multivariate image analysis and pattern recognition to evaluate the potential of UV imaging for automatized quality control of tablets with respect to their intactness and surface density profile. Various tablets of different composition and different quality regarding their API content, radial tensile strength, intactness, and surface density profile were prepared using an eccentric as well as a rotary tablet press at compression pressures from 20MPa up to 410MPa. It was found, that UV imaging can provide both, relevant information on chemical and physical tablet attributes. The tablet API content and radial tensile strength could be estimated by UV imaging combined with partial least squares analysis. Furthermore, an image analysis routine was developed and successfully applied to the UV images that provided qualitative information on physical tablet surface properties such as intactness and surface density profiles, as well as quantitative information on variations in the surface density. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that UV imaging combined with image analysis is an effective and non-destructive method to determine chemical and physical quality attributes of tablets and is a promising approach for (near) real-time monitoring of the tablet compaction process and formulation optimization purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Klukkert
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jian X Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jens M Carstensen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Claudia S Leopold
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Germany.
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6
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Wray PS, Sinclair WE, Jones JW, Clarke GS, Both D. The use of in situ near infrared imaging and Raman mapping to study the disproportionation of a drug HCl salt during dissolution. Int J Pharm 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Šimek M, Grünwaldová V, Kratochvíl B. Hot-stage microscopy for determination of API fragmentation: comparison with other methods. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:583-9. [PMID: 25996632 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1026608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the fragmentation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is a phenomenon that is mentioned in many literature sources, no well-suited analytical tools for its investigation are currently known. We used the hot-stage microscopy method, already presented in our previous work, and studied the real fragmentation of the tadalafil particles in model tablets which were prepared under different compaction pressures. The morphology, spectral imaging and evaluation of plastic and elastic energies were also analyzed to support the hot-stage method. The prepared blend of tadalafil and excipients was compacted under a several forces from 5 to 35 kN to reveal the trend of fragmentation. The exact fragmentation of tadalafil with increased compaction pressure was revealed by the hot-stage microscopic method and it was in good agreement with plastic and elastic energies. Conversely, spectral imaging, which is being used for this analysis, was considered to be inaccurate methodology as mainly agglomerates, not individual particles, were measured. The availability of the hot-stage microscopic method equips pharmaceutical scientists with an in vitro assessment technique that will more reliably determine the fragmentation of the API in finished tablets and the behavior of the particles when compacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Šimek
- a Department of Solid State Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Prague , Czech Republic and.,b Zentiva k.s. , Prague , Czech Republic
| | | | - Bohumil Kratochvíl
- a Department of Solid State Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Prague , Czech Republic and
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8
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Zhou L, Xu M, Wu Z, Shi X, Qiao Y. PAT: From Western solid dosage forms to Chinese materia medica preparations using NIR-CI. Drug Test Anal 2015; 8:71-85. [PMID: 25877484 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI) is an emerging technology that combines traditional near-infrared spectroscopy with chemical imaging. Therefore, NIR-CI can extract spectral information from pharmaceutical products and simultaneously visualize the spatial distribution of chemical components. The rapid and non-destructive features of NIR-CI make it an attractive process analytical technology (PAT) for identifying and monitoring critical control parameters during the pharmaceutical manufacturing process. This review mainly focuses on the pharmaceutical applications of NIR-CI in each unit operation during the manufacturing processes, from the Western solid dosage forms to the Chinese materia medica preparations. Finally, future applications of chemical imaging in the pharmaceutical industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Zhou
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China, 100102.,Pharmaceutical Engineering and New Drug Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) of Ministry of Education, China, 100102.,Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineering of State Administration of TCM, Beijing, China, 100102.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Basic and Development Research on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China, 100102
| | - Manfei Xu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China, 100102.,Pharmaceutical Engineering and New Drug Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) of Ministry of Education, China, 100102.,Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineering of State Administration of TCM, Beijing, China, 100102.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Basic and Development Research on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China, 100102
| | - Zhisheng Wu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China, 100102.,Pharmaceutical Engineering and New Drug Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) of Ministry of Education, China, 100102.,Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineering of State Administration of TCM, Beijing, China, 100102.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Basic and Development Research on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China, 100102
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China, 100102.,Pharmaceutical Engineering and New Drug Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) of Ministry of Education, China, 100102.,Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineering of State Administration of TCM, Beijing, China, 100102.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Basic and Development Research on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China, 100102
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China, 100102.,Pharmaceutical Engineering and New Drug Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) of Ministry of Education, China, 100102.,Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineering of State Administration of TCM, Beijing, China, 100102.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Basic and Development Research on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China, 100102
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9
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Kazarian SG, Ewing AV. Applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging to tablet dissolution and drug release. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1207-21. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.801452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Szakonyi G, Zelkó R. Water content determination of superdisintegrants by means of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 63:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Zidan AS, Rahman Z, Sayeed V, Raw A, Yu L, Khan MA. Crystallinity evaluation of tacrolimus solid dispersions by chemometric analysis. Int J Pharm 2011; 423:341-50. [PMID: 22100517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Different destructive and nondestructive analytical methods, namely powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Raman and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and imaging, to detect and characterize tacrolimus trace crystallinity in an amorphous solid dispersion (SD) using chemometric analysis were developed. The SD was spiked with different percentages of the crystalline drug to construct an array of SDs with different crystallinity percentages. Partial least square (PLS) regression analysis was employed to compare the performance of the calibration models created using these analytical methods. The obtained results indicated a significant interaction between tacrolimus and the employed polymer and a drug dissolution dependency on the crystalline fraction within the SDs. Using two PLS factors, these analytical methods were ranked according to its specificity to detect the trace crystallinity of SDs as NIR>PXRD>Raman>DSC. Through the application of PLS, root-mean-squared error of calibration values of 2.91%, 5.36%, 7.07% and 11.58% were calculated for the calibration models constructed by NIR, PXRD, Raman and DSC, respectively. Having a prediction error of 2.1% and a correlation coefficient of 0.99, it is demonstrated that combined NIR imaging and chemometric analysis outperformed the other methods in detecting trace crystallinity in tacrolimus amorphous systems. The spatial distributions of amorphous and crystalline drug were also obtained in order to allow for studying the crystallization dissemination in the solid dispersions. Consequently, NIR and NIR imaging coupled with chemometry was shown to be a powerful tool for the prediction of drug crystallinity within SDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Zidan
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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12
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Van Eerdenbrugh B, Taylor LS. Application of mid-IR spectroscopy for the characterization of pharmaceutical systems. Int J Pharm 2011; 417:3-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Lanzarotta A, Lakes K, Marcott CA, Witkowski MR, Sommer AJ. Analysis of Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Tablet Cores Utilizing Macroscopic Infrared Spectroscopy and Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5972-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200957d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lanzarotta
- Trace Examination Section, FDA Forensic Chemistry Center, 6751 Steger Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, United States
| | - Kendra Lakes
- Molecular Microspectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, United States
| | | | - Mark R. Witkowski
- Trace Examination Section, FDA Forensic Chemistry Center, 6751 Steger Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, United States
| | - Andre J. Sommer
- Molecular Microspectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, United States
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14
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Amigo JM. Practical issues of hyperspectral imaging analysis of solid dosage forms. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:93-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Kazarian SG, Chan KLA. Micro- and macro-attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging. Plenary Lecture at the 5th International Conference on Advanced Vibrational Spectroscopy, 2009, Melbourne, Australia. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 64:135A-152A. [PMID: 20482963 DOI: 10.1366/000370210791211673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging has become a very powerful method in chemical analysis. In this review paper we describe a variety of opportunities for obtaining FT-IR images using the attenuated total reflection (ATR) approach and provide an overview of fundamental aspects, accessories, and applications in both micro- and macro-ATR imaging modes. The advantages and versatility of both ATR imaging modes are discussed and the spatial resolution of micro-ATR imaging is demonstrated. Micro-ATR imaging has opened up many new areas of study that were previously precluded by inadequate spatial resolution (polymer blends, pharmaceutical tablets, cross-sections of blood vessels or hair, surface of skin, single live cells, cancerous tissues). Recent applications of ATR imaging in polymer research, biomedical and forensic sciences, objects of cultural heritage, and other complex materials are outlined. The latest advances include obtaining spatially resolved chemical images from different depths within a sample, and surface-enhanced images for macro-ATR imaging have also been presented. Macro-ATR imaging is a valuable approach for high-throughput analysis of materials under controlled environments. Opportunities exist for chemical imaging of dynamic aqueous systems, such as dissolution, diffusion, microfluidics, or imaging of dynamic processes in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, England
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16
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Lanzarotta A, Baumann L, Story GM, Witkowski MR, Khan F, Sommers A, Sommer AJ. Rapid molecular imaging using attenuated total internal reflection planar array infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of counterfeit pharmaceutical tablets. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 63:979-991. [PMID: 19796479 DOI: 10.1366/000370209789379321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A planar array infrared (PA-IR) spectrograph containing an attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) accessory has been constructed in order to permit rapid analysis of poorly transmitting materials. The technique has been optimized to allow molecular spectroscopic information to be collected in roughly 2 seconds with a corresponding peak-to-peak noise value as low as 2.14 x 10(-4) absorbance units. Additionally, up to 150 spectra could be extracted from sample sizes as large as 6 mm where each spatial element measured 40 x 200 microm at the sample position. An application study for this technique entailed developing an embedding method that allows cross-sectioned pharmaceutical tablets to be brought into intimate contact with the internal reflection element (IRE) of the accessory. A supplemental investigation involved calculating the yield strength of multiple IRE materials in order to determine the maximum amount of pressure that can be applied to a sample without damaging the IRE. Finally, feasibility was demonstrated for using the instrument/accessory as a means to rapidly authenticate suspected counterfeit pharmaceutical tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lanzarotta
- Molecular Microspectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA.
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17
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Intraorally fast-dissolving particles of a poorly soluble drug: Preparation and in vitro characterization. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71:271-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Wray P, Chan K, Kimber J, Kazarian SG. Compaction of Pharmaceutical Tablets with Different Polymer Matrices Studied by FTIR Imaging and X-Ray Microtomography. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:4269-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Amigo JM, Cruz J, Bautista M, Maspoch S, Coello J, Blanco M. Study of pharmaceutical samples by NIR chemical-image and multivariate analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Pharmaceutical applications of vibrational chemical imaging and chemometrics: a review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:533-53. [PMID: 18819769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of chemical imaging (CI) has gifted spectroscopy an additional dimension. Chemical imaging systems complement chemical identification by acquiring spatially located spectra that enable visualization of chemical compound distributions. Such techniques are highly relevant to pharmaceutics in that the distribution of excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredient informs not only a product's behavior during manufacture but also its physical attributes (dissolution properties, stability, etc.). The rapid image acquisition made possible by the emergence of focal plane array detectors, combined with publication of the Food and Drug Administration guidelines for process analytical technology in 2001, has heightened interest in the pharmaceutical applications of CI, notably as a tool for enhancing drug quality and understanding process. Papers on the pharmaceutical applications of CI have been appearing in steadily increasing numbers since 2000. The aim of the present paper is to give an overview of infrared, near-infrared and Raman imaging in pharmaceutics. Sections 2 and 3 deal with the theory, device set-ups, mode of acquisition and processing techniques used to extract information of interest. Section 4 addresses the pharmaceutical applications.
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Awa K, Okumura T, Shinzawa H, Otsuka M, Ozaki Y. Self-modeling curve resolution (SMCR) analysis of near-infrared (NIR) imaging data of pharmaceutical tablets. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 619:81-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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