1
|
Evaluation of a Raman Chemometric Method for Detecting Protein Structural Conformational Changes in Solution. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:573-586. [PMID: 36152698 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Raman scattering shows promise as a powerful routine tool, to determine both secondary and the smaller tertiary structural changes that precede aggregation in both solutions and solids. A method was developed utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) of Raman spectra for detection of small, but meaningful, pH induced changes in tertiary protein structure linked to aggregate formation using α-lactalbumin solutions as a model. The sample preparation and spectral parameters, were optimized for a bulk Raman probe. Analysis of large regions (600-1850 cm-1) yielded principal component (PC) scores useful for semi-quantitative comparison of protein conformation between formulations. PC loadings corresponded to specific structural peaks known to change with solution pH. PCA of circular dichroism (CD) spectra of dilute solutions yielded similar results. Sucrose is a common formulation excipient with a Raman spectrum that overlaps many protein peaks. With sucrose in the protein solution, the ability of PCA to discern protein structural changes from the Raman spectra was somewhat reduced. Analysis of a more limited spectral region (1530-1780 cm-1) with negligible sucrose spectral contribution improved the discrimination of protein conformational states. The new Raman method accurately distinguished differences in protein structure in concentrated solutions. The long-term goal is to explore Raman characterization as a routine monitoring tool of protein stability in both solution and solid states.
Collapse
|
2
|
Foster M, Brooks W, Jahn P, Hedberg J, Andersson A, Ashton AL. Demonstration of a compact deep UV Raman spatial heterodyne spectrometer for biologics analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200021. [PMID: 35452175 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments are increasingly important classes of biotherapeutics. However, these products are both challenging and expensive to manufacture. New process analytical technologies used to monitor these products during their manufacture are of significant interest. Deep UV Raman spectroscopy promises to provide the required specificity and accuracy, however instruments, have historically been large and complex. In this paper, a new deep UV Raman instrument is described using a solid-state laser and a spatial heterodyne spectrometer. The instrument overcomes practical limitations of the technique and could readily be used for online measurement. A series of observations have been made of biopharmaceutical products, including immunoglobulin G and domain antibodies. Where high levels of both specificity and linearity when measuring samples of different concentration with a precision of better than 0.05 mg/mL has been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Foster
- IS-Instruments Ltd, Pipers Business Centre, Tonbridge, UK
| | - William Brooks
- IS-Instruments Ltd, Pipers Business Centre, Tonbridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Krupová M, Kessler J, Bouř P. Recent Trends in Chiroptical Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications of Vibrational Circular Dichroism and Raman Optical Activity. Chempluschem 2020; 85:561-575. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Krupová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
- Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University Ke Karlovu 3 12116 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kessler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bouř
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Keiderling TA. Structure of Condensed Phase Peptides: Insights from Vibrational Circular Dichroism and Raman Optical Activity Techniques. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3381-3419. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Keiderling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street m/c 111, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang C, Springall JS, Wang X, Barman I. Rapid, quantitative determination of aggregation and particle formation for antibody drug conjugate therapeutics with label-free Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1081:138-145. [PMID: 31446951 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lot release and stability testing of biologics are essential parts of the quality control strategy for ensuring therapeutic material dosed to patients is safe and efficacious, and consistent with previous clinical and toxicological experience. Characterization of protein aggregation is of particular significance, as aggregates may lose the intrinsic pharmaceutical properties as well as engage with the immune system instigating undesirable downstream immunogenicity. While important, real-time identification and quantification of subvisible particles in the monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug products remains inaccessible with existing techniques due to limitations in measurement time, sensitivity or experimental conditions. Here, owing to its exquisite molecular specificity, non-perturbative nature and lack of sample preparation requirements, we propose label-free Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate analysis as a solution to this unmet need. By leveraging subtle, but consistent, differences in vibrational modes of the biologics, we have developed a support vector machine-based regression model that provides fast, accurate prediction for a wide range of protein aggregations. Moreover, in blinded experiments, the model shows the ability to precisely differentiate between aggregation levels in mAb like product samples pre- and post-isothermal incubation, where an increase in aggregate levels was experimentally determined. In addition to offering fresh insights into mAb like product-specific aggregation mechanisms that can improve engineering of new protein therapeutics, our results highlight the potential of Raman spectroscopy as an in-line analytical tool for monitoring protein particle formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy S Springall
- AstraZeneca, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, Biopharmaceutical Product Development, Analytical Sciences, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- AstraZeneca, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, Biopharmaceutical Product Development, Analytical Sciences, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jung N, Windbergs M. Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical research and industry. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the fast-developing fields of pharmaceutical research and industry, the implementation of Raman spectroscopy and related technologies has been very well received due to the combination of chemical selectivity and the option for non-invasive analysis of samples. This chapter explores established and potential applications of Raman spectroscopy, confocal Raman microscopy and related techniques from the early stages of drug development research up to the implementation of these techniques in process analytical technology (PAT) concepts for large-scale production in the pharmaceutical industry. Within this chapter, the implementation of Raman spectroscopy in the process of selection and optimisation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and investigation of the interaction with excipients is described. Going beyond the scope of early drug development, the reader is introduced to the use of Raman techniques for the characterization of complex drug delivery systems, highlighting the technical requirements and describing the analysis of qualitative and quantitative composition as well as spatial component distribution within these pharmaceutical systems. Further, the reader is introduced to the application of Raman techniques for performance testing of drug delivery systems addressing drug release kinetics and interactions with biological systems ranging from single cells up to complex tissues. In the last part of this chapter, the advantages and recent developments of integrating Raman technologies into PAT processes for solid drug delivery systems and biologically derived pharmaceutics are discussed, demonstrating the impact of the technique on current quality control standards in industrial production and providing good prospects for future developments in the field of quality control at the terminal part of the supply chain and various other fields like individualized medicine.
On the way from the active drug molecule (API) in the research laboratory to the marketed medicine in the pharmacy, therapeutic efficacy of the active molecule and safety of the final medicine for the patient are of utmost importance. For each step, strict regulatory requirements apply which demand for suitable analytical techniques to acquire robust data to understand and control design, manufacturing and industrial large-scale production of medicines. In this context, Raman spectroscopy has come to the fore due to the combination of chemical selectivity and the option for non-invasive analysis of samples. Following the technical advancements in Raman equipment and analysis software, Raman spectroscopy and microscopy proofed to be valuable methods with versatile applications in pharmaceutical research and industry, starting from the analysis of single drug molecules as well as complex multi-component formulations up to automatized quality control during industrial production.
Collapse
|
7
|
Buckley K, Ryder AG. Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing: A Short Review. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:1085-1116. [PMID: 28534676 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817703270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is currently undergoing its biggest transformation in a century. The changes are based on the rapid and dramatic introduction of protein- and macromolecule-based drugs (collectively known as biopharmaceuticals) and can be traced back to the huge investment in biomedical science (in particular in genomics and proteomics) that has been ongoing since the 1970s. Biopharmaceuticals (or biologics) are manufactured using biological-expression systems (such as mammalian, bacterial, insect cells, etc.) and have spawned a large (>€35 billion sales annually in Europe) and growing biopharmaceutical industry (BioPharma). The structural and chemical complexity of biologics, combined with the intricacy of cell-based manufacturing, imposes a huge analytical burden to correctly characterize and quantify both processes (upstream) and products (downstream). In small molecule manufacturing, advances in analytical and computational methods have been extensively exploited to generate process analytical technologies (PAT) that are now used for routine process control, leading to more efficient processes and safer medicines. In the analytical domain, biologic manufacturing is considerably behind and there is both a huge scope and need to produce relevant PAT tools with which to better control processes, and better characterize product macromolecules. Raman spectroscopy, a vibrational spectroscopy with a number of useful properties (nondestructive, non-contact, robustness) has significant potential advantages in BioPharma. Key among them are intrinsically high molecular specificity, the ability to measure in water, the requirement for minimal (or no) sample pre-treatment, the flexibility of sampling configurations, and suitability for automation. Here, we review and discuss a representative selection of the more important Raman applications in BioPharma (with particular emphasis on mammalian cell culture). The review shows that the properties of Raman have been successfully exploited to deliver unique and useful analytical solutions, particularly for online process monitoring. However, it also shows that its inherent susceptibility to fluorescence interference and the weakness of the Raman effect mean that it can never be a panacea. In particular, Raman-based methods are intrinsically limited by the chemical complexity and wide analyte-concentration-profiles of cell culture media/bioprocessing broths which limit their use for quantitative analysis. Nevertheless, with appropriate foreknowledge of these limitations and good experimental design, robust analytical methods can be produced. In addition, new technological developments such as time-resolved detectors, advanced lasers, and plasmonics offer potential of new Raman-based methods to resolve existing limitations and/or provide new analytical insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Buckley
- Nanoscale Biophotonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland - Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alan G Ryder
- Nanoscale Biophotonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland - Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paudel A, Raijada D, Rantanen J. Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical product design. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 89:3-20. [PMID: 25868453 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Almost 100 years after the discovery of the Raman scattering phenomenon, related analytical techniques have emerged as important tools in biomedical sciences. Raman spectroscopy and microscopy are frontier, non-invasive analytical techniques amenable for diverse biomedical areas, ranging from molecular-based drug discovery, design of innovative drug delivery systems and quality control of finished products. This review presents concise accounts of various conventional and emerging Raman instrumentations including associated hyphenated tools of pharmaceutical interest. Moreover, relevant application cases of Raman spectroscopy in early and late phase pharmaceutical development, process analysis and micro-structural analysis of drug delivery systems are introduced. Finally, potential areas of future advancement and application of Raman spectroscopic techniques are discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Liebner R, Meyer M, Hey T, Winter G, Besheer A. Head to head comparison of the formulation and stability of concentrated solutions of HESylated versus PEGylated anakinra. J Pharm Sci 2014; 104:515-26. [PMID: 25445200 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although PEGylation of biologics is currently the gold standard for half-life extension, the technology has a number of limitations, most importantly the non-biodegradability of PEG and the extremely high viscosity at high concentrations. HESylation is a promising alternative based on coupling to the biodegradable polymer hydroxyethyl starch (HES). In this study, we are comparing HESylation with PEGylation regarding the effect on the protein's physicochemical properties, as well as on formulation at high concentrations, where protein stability and viscosity can be compromised. For this purpose, the model protein anakinra is coupled to HES or PEG by reductive amination. Results show that coupling of HES or PEG had practically no effect on the protein's secondary structure, and that it reduced protein affinity by one order of magnitude, with HESylated anakinra more affine than the PEGylated protein. The viscosity of HESylated anakinra at protein concentrations up to 75 mg/mL was approximately 40% lower than that of PEG-anakinra. Both conjugates increased the apparent melting temperature of anakinra in concentrated solutions. Finally, HESylated anakinra was superior to PEG-anakinra regarding monomer recovery after 8 weeks of storage at 40°C. These results show that HESylating anakinra offers formulation advantages compared with PEGylation, especially for concentrated protein solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Liebner
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximillians-University Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Parchaňský V, Kapitán J, Bouř P. Inspecting chiral molecules by Raman optical activity spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
11
|
Hamrang Z, Rattray NJW, Pluen A. Proteins behaving badly: emerging technologies in profiling biopharmaceutical aggregation. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:448-58. [PMID: 23769716 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over recent decades biotechnology has made significant advances owing to the emergence of powerful biochemical and biophysical instrumentation. The development of such technologies has enabled high-throughput assessment of compounds, the implementation of recombinant DNA technology, and large-scale manufacture of monoclonal antibodies. Such innovations have ultimately resulted in the current experienced biopharmaceutical stronghold in the therapeutic market. Yet aggregate prediction and profiling remains a challenge in the formulation of biopharmaceuticals due to artifacts associated with each analytical method. We review some emerging trends and novel technologies that offer a promising potential for accurately predicting and profiling protein aggregation at various stages of biopharmaceutical product design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hamrang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Self-assembling nanoparticles for intra-articular delivery of anti-inflammatory proteins. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7665-75. [PMID: 22818981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intra-articular delivery of therapeutics to modulate osteoarthritis (OA) is challenging. Delivery of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), the natural protein inhibitor of IL-1, to modulate IL-1-based inflammation through gene therapy or bolus protein injections has emerged as a promising therapy for OA. However, these approaches suffer from rapid clearance and reduced potency over time. Nano/microparticles represent a promising strategy for overcoming the shortcomings of intra-articular drug delivery. However, these delivery vehicles are limited for delivery of protein therapeutics due to their hydrophobic character, low drug loading efficiency, and harsh chemical conditions during particle processing. We designed a new block copolymer that assembles into submicron-scale particles and provides for covalently tethering proteins to the particle surface for controlled intra-articular protein delivery. This block copolymer self-assembles into 300 nm-diameter particles with a protein tethering moiety for surface covalent conjugation of IL-1Ra protein. This copolymer particle system efficiently bound IL-1Ra and maintained protein bioactivity in vitro. Furthermore, particle-tethered IL-1Ra bound specifically to target synoviocyte cells via surface IL-1 receptors. Importantly, IL-1Ra nanoparticles inhibited IL-1-mediated signaling to equivalent levels as soluble IL-1Ra. Finally, the ability of nanoparticles to retain IL-1Ra in the rat stifle joint was evaluated by in vivo imaging over 14 days. IL-1Ra-tethered nanoparticles significantly increased the retention time of IL-1Ra in the rat stifle joint over 14 days with enhanced IL-1Ra half-life (3.01 days) compared to that of soluble IL-1Ra (0.96 days) and without inducing degenerative changes in cartilage structure or composition.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mangialardo S, Gontrani L, Leonelli F, Caminiti R, Postorino P. Role of ionic liquids in protein refolding: native/fibrillar versus treated lysozyme. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21593d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
14
|
Brewster VL, Ashton L, Goodacre R. Monitoring the glycosylation status of proteins using Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6074-81. [PMID: 21699257 DOI: 10.1021/ac2012009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based biopharmaceuticals are becoming increasingly widely used as therapeutic agents, and the characterization of these biopharmaceuticals poses a significant analytical challenge. In particular, monitoring posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as glycosylation, is an important aspect of this characterization because these glycans can strongly affect the stability, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics of these biotherapeutic drugs. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool, with many emerging applications in the bioprocessing arena. Although the technique has a relatively rich history in protein science, only recently has Raman spectroscopy been investigated for assessing posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, trimethylation, and ubiquitination. In this investigation, we develop for the first time Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analyses, including principal components analysis and partial least-squares regression, for the determination of the glycosylation status of proteins and quantifying the relative concentrations of the native ribonuclease (RNase) A protein and RNase B glycoprotein within mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Brewster
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cao X, Masatani P, Torraca G, Wen ZQ. Identification of a mixed microparticle by combined microspectroscopic techniques: a real forensic case study in the biopharmaceutical industry. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 64:895-900. [PMID: 20719052 DOI: 10.1366/000370210792080957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Identification of foreign microparticles in drug products is one of the first steps in evaluating the nature of particle contamination and its consequences for product quality. To characterize various foreign particles, we use spectral database search methods as well as a number of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques. Here, we report a case study involving the identification and root-cause investigation of a microparticle consisting of four compounds. Foreign microparticles consisting of mixtures pose unique challenges for identification as their spectra are difficult to interpret and general database searches usually return unsatisfactory results. Moreover, sample separation through purification and other manipulations is time consuming and often difficult for these microparticles due to their small sizes and the limited quantities of the components. Here we demonstrate an applicable methodology that combines multiple microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques to identify a heterogeneous microparticle without the need for sample purification or chemical separation. This methodology primarily combines Raman, infrared, and energy dispersive X-ray microspectroscopic techniques to obtain complementary spectral information for the identification of heterogeneous particles. With this methodology, the mixed microparticle investigated in this study was determined to consist of polyisobutylene, hydrated magnesium silicate, titanium dioxide, and silica, likely originating from the vial stopper material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Cao
- Department of Formulation & Analytical Resources, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liégeois V. A Vibrational Raman Optical Activity Study of 1,1′-Binaphthyl Derivatives. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:2017-25. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
17
|
Cao X, Wen ZQ, Vance A, Torraca G. Raman microscopic applications in the biopharmaceutical industry: in situ identification of foreign particulates inside glass containers with aqueous formulated solutions. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 63:830-834. [PMID: 19589222 DOI: 10.1366/000370209788701026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Particle identification is an important analytical procedure for quality control and assurance in the biopharmaceutical industry. Rapid and reliable identification of micro-particles helps in evaluating the nature of particle contamination and its consequences on the product quality regulated by internal and external standards. Raman microscopy is one of the microspectroscopic techniques that can be used to identify micro-particles with the advantage of in situ detection. In this paper we demonstrate that a visible laser Raman microscope was particularly useful to identify micro-particles that were inside glass containers such as glass syringes, vials, and test tubes, which are commonly used as containers for aqueous formulated drugs. The examples include the identifications of a droplet-like particle inside a pre-filled glass syringe, a fibrous particle inside a glass test tube, and a white particle inside a glass vial; all of these examples usually demand challenging or time-consuming sample manipulation for other techniques. The Raman microscopic technique was shown to be able to solve these challenging micro-particle identifications due to its ability to carry out detection in situ. Particularly in the example of micro-droplet identification, the Raman microscopic technique was the only choice for a fast and successful particle detection. For all three identifications, Raman in situ detection has significantly accelerated particle analysis and avoided potential sample secondary contamination or losses owing to none or minimal sample manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Cao
- Department of Formulation & Analytical Resources, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|