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Maghsoodi M, Mollaie Astemal S, Nokhodchi A, Kiaie H, Talebi F. The effect of anionic Eudragit polymers on drug supersaturation and in vitro permeation improvement. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37096982 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2206495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present study, Cinnarizine was selected as a weakly basic drug with poor aqueous solubility to investigate the supersaturation maintaining the ability of different types of anionic Eudragit polymers (Eudragits L100-55, L100 and S100). Furthermore, the interplay between polymer-mediated supersaturation maintenance and in vitro permeation enhancement was studied. METHODS The effect of Eudragit polymers on the pH-induced supersaturation of Cinnarizine was examined under different pHs (6.4, 6.8 and 7.8). Moreover, the effect of Eudragit polymers on the permeation of Cinnarizine through the Caco-2 membrane was investigated. RESULTS The aggregate size of Eudragit polymers in solution was determined and it was found that the size of polymer aggregate was bigger when lower pH or more hydrophobic polymer was used, which corresponded strongly with improved drug supersaturation. Based on the findings, hydrophobic Cinnarizine-polymer interactions seemed to be essential in determining the impact of Eudragit polymers on maintaining the Cinnarizine supersaturation. The permeation study demonstrated that the rate of drug permeation through the Caco-2 membrane increased in the presence of Eudragit polymers, but their effect on maintaining supersaturation was more significant than their effect on the drug permeation rate. Moreover, the highest level of Cinnarizine supersaturation observed in a non-permeation condition did not correlate with the optimal absorption in a permeation condition. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the integration of permeation and supersaturation assays is needed to reliably predict the impact of supersaturation maintenance by polymers on the absorption of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Maghsoodi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Lupin Pharmaceutical Research Center, Coral Springs, Florida, USA
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Hossein Kiaie
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Maghsoodi M, Astemal SM, Nokhodchi A, Kiaie H, Khoshfetrat AB, Talebi F. An Insight into Eudragit S100 Preserving Mechanism of Cinnarizine Supersaturation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:80. [PMID: 35233687 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, supersaturation of weakly basic drug solution in the gastrointestinal tract can be followed by precipitation, and this can compromise the bioavailability of drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Eudragit® S100 on the pH-induced supersaturation of cinnarizine and to examine the preserving mechanism of cinnarizine supersaturation by Eudragit®. Variables, including pH of media, ionic strength, and degree of supersaturation, were studied to investigate the effects of these parameters on cinnarizine supersaturation in the presence and absence of Eudragit®. The size of the Eudragit® aggregate in solution using dynamic light scattering was determined. The effect of Eudragit® on the transport of cinnarizine through the Caco-2 membrane was also investigated. The particle size study of Eudragit® aggregates showed that the size of these aggregates become large when the pH was lowered. Supersaturation experiments also demonstrated that Eudragit® preserved higher cinnarizine supersaturation with increasing ionic strength of the solution. The phase separation behavior of cinnarizine solution as a function of the degree of the supersaturation could be readily explained by considering the drug amorphous solubility. In vitro permeation studies revealed that the rate of cinnarizine permeation across Caco-2 cells increased in the presence of Eudragit®. According to the obtained results, the aggregation status of Eudragit® and nonspecific hydrophobic cinnarizine-Eudragit® interactions seemed to be essential in determining the effect of Eudragit® on cinnarizine supersaturation.
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3
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An innovative wax-based enteric coating for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical oral products. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Smeets A, Re IL, Clasen C, Van den Mooter G. Fixed dose combinations for cardiovascular treatment via coaxial electrospraying: Coated amorphous solid dispersion particles. Int J Pharm 2019; 577:118949. [PMID: 31837403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
As a result of an aging population, the need for fixed dose combinations in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, that are easy to swallow and administer, has been growing remarkably. In this work, the feasibility of coaxial electrospraying (CES) was investigated to manufacture in one single step, a powder of individually coated particles containing atenolol (ATE), lovastatin (LOV) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). To improve the dissolution rate of the poorly water soluble LOV, an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of LOV with Soluplus® (SOL) was formulated and Eudragit S100®, an enteric copolymer that only dissolves above pH 7, was applied as coating to avoid LOV hydrolysis in acidic medium. Furthermore, ATE was added to the inner ASD compartment and the acidic ASA was embedded in the coating layer. With regard to the uncoated ASD particles, which were prepared with single nozzle electrospraying, the rate and extent of the LOV dissolution was increased, even to an extent of 100% for the 1/1/6 (ATE/LOV/SOL) ratio. Hence, this ratio was selected and coated particles with proper release of the three APIs could be successfully produced via CES. However, a peculiar behaviour of the coating performance was observed. Regarding LOV, the enteric layer of the particles performed as expected in acidic medium and supersaturation was obtained after the switch to a neutral pH, but in contrast, over 50% of ATE was released after 90 min in acidic medium. Nonetheless, hardly any ATE was released under acidic circumstances from ATE tablets that were, as a benchmark, manually dip-coated with Eudragit S100®. Two different model APIs, namely paracetamol (well soluble) and fenofibrate (poorly soluble) were tested as well, revealing similar discrepancy in the coating performance. The coating layer formed during CES is most likely less dense as compared to the layer produced with tablet coating and consequently, more permeable for highly soluble APIs, but not for the poorly soluble compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Smeets
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ida Lo Re
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Clasen
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Soft Matter Rheology and Technology, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Shams T, Illangakoon UE, Parhizkar M, Harker AH, Edirisinghe S, Orlu M, Edirisinghe M. Electrosprayed microparticles for intestinal delivery of prednisolone. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2018.0491. [PMID: 30158187 PMCID: PMC6127171 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single and coaxial electrospraying was used to prepare Eudragit L100-55 polymer microparticles containing prednisolone as the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Different compositions of prednisolone and Eudragit L100-55 were used to develop five different formulations with different polymer : drug ratios. The resultant microparticles had a toroidal shape with a narrow size distribution. Prednisolone was present in an amorphous physical state, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Dissolution studies were carried out in order to investigate the feasibility of the proposed system for site-specific release of prednisolone. The release rates were interpreted in terms of diffusion-controlled release. It was shown that utilization of pH-responsive Eudragit L100-55 could minimize the release of prednisolone in the acidic conditions of the stomach, which was followed by rapid release as the pH of the release medium was adjusted to 6.8 after the first 2 h. This is especially desirable for the treatment of conditions including inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shams
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - U E Illangakoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - M Parhizkar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - A H Harker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - S Edirisinghe
- Maidstone Hospital, Hermitage Lane, Maidstone ME16 9QQ, UK
| | - M Orlu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London School of Pharmacy, Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - M Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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6
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Maghsoodi M, Nokhodchi A, Oskuei MA, Heidari S. Formulation of Cinnarizine for Stabilization of Its Physiologically Generated Supersaturation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:139. [PMID: 30868302 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologically generated supersaturation and subsequent crystallization of a weakly basic drug in the small intestine leads to compromised bioavailability. In this study, the pH-induced crystallization of cinnarizine (CNZ) in the presence of different polymers was investigated. Inhibitory effect of Eudragit L100 (Eu) on crystallization of CNZ at varying supersaturation ratios was examined. The effect of Eu on the dissolution behavior of CNZ from CNZ/Eu physical mixtures (PMs) and solid dispersions (SDs) was assessed. Results showed that both Eu and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) have a considerable maintenance effect on supersaturation of CNZ but Eu was more effective than HPMC. When Eudragit was used the phenomenon of liquid-liquid phase separation (formation of colloidal phase) was observed at supersaturation ratio of 20 times above the solubility of the drug. PMs showed a higher area under the dissolution curve (AUDC) compared with plain CNZ. In contrast, SDs showed a lower AUDC than plain CNZ. For SDs, the AUDC was limited by the slow release of the drug from Eu in acidic pH which in turn hindered the creation of CNZ supersaturation following the transition of acidic to neutral pH. From these findings, it can be concluded that the ability of the formulation to generate supersaturation state and also maintain the supersaturation is vital for improving the dissolution of CNZ.
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High precision microfluidic microencapsulation of bacteriophages for enteric delivery. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:522-530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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On demand manufacturing of patient-specific liquid capsules via co-ordinated 3D printing and liquid dispensing. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Characterization and in vitro release kinetics of antimalarials from whey protein-based hydrogel biocomposites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40090-018-0139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Vinner GK, Vladisavljević GT, Clokie MRJ, Malik DJ. Microencapsulation of Clostridium difficile specific bacteriophages using microfluidic glass capillary devices for colon delivery using pH triggered release. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186239. [PMID: 29023522 PMCID: PMC5638336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria acquiring multidrug antibiotic resistance is a global health threat to mankind. This has motivated a renewed interest in developing alternatives to conventional antibiotics including bacteriophages (viruses) as therapeutic agents. The bacterium Clostridium difficile causes colon infection and is particularly difficult to treat with existing antibiotics; phage therapy may offer a viable alternative. The punitive environment within the gastrointestinal tract can inactivate orally delivered phages. C. difficile specific bacteriophage, myovirus CDKM9 was encapsulated in a pH responsive polymer (Eudragit® S100 with and without alginate) using a flow focussing glass microcapillary device. Highly monodispersed core-shell microparticles containing phages trapped within the particle core were produced by in situ polymer curing using 4-aminobenzoic acid dissolved in the oil phase. The size of the generated microparticles could be precisely controlled in the range 80 μm to 160 μm through design of the microfluidic device geometry and by varying flow rates of the dispersed and continuous phase. In contrast to free 'naked' phages, those encapsulated within the microparticles could withstand a 3 h exposure to simulated gastric fluid at pH 2 and then underwent a subsequent pH triggered burst release at pH 7. The significance of our research is in demonstrating that C. difficile specific phage can be formulated and encapsulated in highly uniform pH responsive microparticles using a microfluidic system. The microparticles were shown to afford significant protection to the encapsulated phage upon prolonged exposure to an acid solution mimicking the human stomach environment. Phage encapsulation and subsequent release kinetics revealed that the microparticles prepared using Eudragit® S100 formulations possess pH responsive characteristics with phage release triggered in an intestinal pH range suitable for therapeutic purposes. The results reported here provide proof-of-concept data supporting the suitability of our approach for colon targeted delivery of phages for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurinder K. Vinner
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martha R. J. Clokie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Danish J. Malik
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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11
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Tawfeek HM, Abdellatif AAH, Dennison TJ, Mohammed AR, Sadiq Y, Saleem IY. Colonic delivery of indometacin loaded PGA-co-PDL microparticles coated with Eudragit L100-55 from fast disintegrating tablets. Int J Pharm 2017; 531:80-89. [PMID: 28818458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the efficient targeting and delivery of indometacin (IND), as a model anti-inflammatory drug to the colon for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. We prepared fast disintegrating tablets (FDT) containing IND encapsulated within poly(glycerol-adipate-co-ɷ-pentadecalactone), PGA-co-PDL, microparticles and coated with Eudragit L100-55 at different ratios (1:1.5, 1:1, 1:0.5). Microparticles encapsulated with IND were prepared using an o/w single emulsion solvent evaporation technique and coated with Eudragit L-100-55 via spray drying. The produced coated microparticles (PGA-co-PDL-IND/Eudragit) were formulated into optimised FTD using a single station press. The loading, in vitro release, permeability and transport of IND from PGA-co-PDL-IND/Eudragit microparticles was studied in Caco-2 cell lines. IND was efficiently encapsulated (570.15±4.2μg/mg) within the PGA-co-PDL microparticles. In vitro release of PGA-co-PDL-IND/Eudragit microparticles (1:1.5) showed significantly (p<0.05, ANOVA/Tukey) lower release of IND 13.70±1.6 and 56.46±3.8% compared with 1:1 (89.61±2.5, 80.13±2.6%) and 1:0.5 (39.46±0.9 & 43.38±3.12) after 3 and 43h at pH 5.5 and 6.8, respectively. The permeability and transport studies indicated IND released from PGA-co-PDL-IND/Eudragit microparticles had a lower permeability coefficient of 13.95±0.68×10-6cm/s compared to free IND 23.06±3.56×10-6cm/s. These results indicate the possibility of targeting anti-inflammatory drugs to the colon using FDTs containing microparticles coated with Eudragit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M Tawfeek
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Younis Sadiq
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Imran Y Saleem
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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12
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Okwuosa TC, Pereira BC, Arafat B, Cieszynska M, Isreb A, Alhnan MA. Fabricating a Shell-Core Delayed Release Tablet Using Dual FDM 3D Printing for Patient-Centred Therapy. Pharm Res 2016; 34:427-437. [PMID: 27943014 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individualizing gastric-resistant tablets is associated with major challenges for clinical staff in hospitals and healthcare centres. This work aims to fabricate gastric-resistant 3D printed tablets using dual FDM 3D printing. METHODS The gastric-resistant tablets were engineered by employing a range of shell-core designs using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and methacrylic acid co-polymer for core and shell structures respectively. Filaments for both core and shell were compounded using a twin-screw hot-melt extruder (HME). CAD software was utilized to design a capsule-shaped core with a complementary shell of increasing thicknesses (0.17, 0.35, 0.52, 0.70 or 0.87 mm). The physical form of the drug and its integrity following an FDM 3D printing were assessed using x-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), thermal analysis and HPLC. RESULTS A shell thickness ≥0.52 mm was deemed necessary in order to achieve sufficient core protection in the acid medium. The technology proved viable for incorporating different drug candidates; theophylline, budesonide and diclofenac sodium. XRPD indicated the presence of theophylline crystals whilst budesonide and diclofenac sodium remained amorphous in the PVP matrix of the filaments and 3D printed tablets. Fabricated tablets demonstrated gastric resistant properties and a pH responsive drug release pattern in both phosphate and bicarbonate buffers. CONCLUSIONS Despite its relatively limited resolution, FDM 3D printing proved to be a suitable platform for a single-process fabrication of delayed release tablets. This work reveals the potential of dual FDM 3D printing as a unique platform for personalising delayed release tablets to suit an individual patient's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tochukwu C Okwuosa
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Beatriz C Pereira
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Basel Arafat
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Milena Cieszynska
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Abdullah Isreb
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Mohamed A Alhnan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK.
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Paprskářová A, Možná P, Oga EF, Elhissi A, Alhnan MA. Instrumentation of Flow-Through USP IV Dissolution Apparatus to Assess Poorly Soluble Basic Drug Products: a Technical Note. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:1261-6. [PMID: 26573157 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Supersaturation and precipitation are common limitations encountered especially with poorly soluble basic drugs. The aims of this work were to explore the pattern of dissolution and precipitation of poorly soluble basic drugs using a United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) IV dissolution apparatus and to compare it to the widely used USP II dissolution apparatus. In order to investigate the influence of gastric emptying time on bioavailability, tables of two model drugs (dipyridamole 100 mg and cinnarizine 15 mg) were investigated and pH change from 1.2 to 6.8 were achieved after 10, 20 or 30 min using USP II or USP IV dissolution apparatuses. Using USP II, dipyridamole and cinnarizine concentrations dropped instantly as a result of drug precipitation with drug crystals evident in the dissolution vessel. At pH change times of 10, 20 and 30 min, the total amount of dissolved drug was dependent on pH change time. Using USP IV, at a flow rate of 8 ml/min, it was possible to have comparable release to agitation at 50 rpm using USP II suggesting that comparable hydrodynamic forces are possible. No drop in drug percentage occurs as the dissolved fraction was readily emptied from the flow cell, preventing drug accumulation in the dissolution medium. However, a negligible percentage of drug release took place following pH change. In conclusion, the use of the flow-through cell dissolution provided laminar flow, use of realistic fluid volumes and avoided precipitation of dissolved drug fraction in the gastric phase as it is discharged before pH change.
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A trial for the design and optimization of pH-sensitive microparticles for intestinal delivery of cinnarizine. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:195-209. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Xu J, Li W, Liu Z, Li J, Zhao X, Li D, Guo S, Zhang X. Preparation, characterization and pharmacokinetics evaluation of clarithromycin-loaded Eudragit(®) L-100 microspheres. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 41:287-93. [PMID: 25652786 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-015-0261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to prepare pH-dependent clarithromycin microsphere formulation by emulsion solvent evaporation method, employing Eudragit(®) L-100. Prepared microspheres were evaluated by carrying out in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetics studies. Drug-polymer interactions were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry analyses and results showed that clarithromycin was molecularly dispersed in the polymer. The particle size distribution of microspheres was found over the range of 10~50 μm. The drug is hardly released in the HCl solution pH 1.2 in the first 2 h, but is rapidly released in phosphate buffer pH 7.2, and the cumulated release reached 98.1 % at 8 h. The pharmacokinetic profiles were conducted open, randomized, two-period crossover design with a 7-day interval between doses in healthy beagle dogs. The results indicated that the extent of absorption of the clarithromycin-load microspheres was the same as pure drug, but different in the rate of drug absorption in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Xu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jinghan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - DongYang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Segale L, Mannina P, Giovannelli L, Danan H, Esposito P, Galli L, Pattarino F. A novel dense CO2 supercritical fluid technology for the development of microparticulate delivery systems containing ketoprofen. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:491-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Alhnan MA, Murdan S, Basit AW. Encapsulation of poorly soluble basic drugs into enteric microparticles: A novel approach to enhance their oral bioavailability. Int J Pharm 2011; 416:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alhnan MA, Basit AW. In-process crystallization of acidic drugs in acrylic microparticle systems: influence of physical factors and drug-polymer interactions. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:3284-3293. [PMID: 21500197 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Emulsion-solvent evaporation is an established method to fabricate amorphous drug-loaded microparticles. In some cases, however, the encapsulated drug is present in its crystalline form, which can affect drug release and negatively impact on other characteristics of the final product. This work aimed to investigate the factors that are responsible for the formation (and inhibition) of drug crystals in modified-release microparticles. Five acidic drugs were encapsulated into Eudragit S or Eudragit L microparticles. Drug crystallinity was observed when indometacin and naproxen were encapsulated, while crystallization was not observed in the case of ketoprofen, salicylic acid, or paracetamol (acetaminophen). All drug-loaded microparticles had single glass transition temperature (T(g) ) intermediate between the T(g) of the drug and that of the polymer. The drop in T(g) in the case of the paracetamol-loaded particles was higher than predicted from the Gordon-Taylor equation, indicating that paracetamol was acting as a plasticizer in this system. After melt quenching in the presence of the Eudragit polymers, the crystallization of paracetamol was inhibited. The ratio of drug to polymer in the microparticles was the major determinant of drug crystallization, as was the solubility of the drug in the processing solvent. This work confirms that drug crystallization is a complex phenomenon, and that drug-polymer molecular interactions play a role in the inhibition of drug crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Alhnan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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Alhnan MA, Basit AW. Engineering polymer blend microparticles: An investigation into the influence of polymer blend distribution and interaction. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 42:30-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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