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Desai HH, T M Serajuddin A. Development of lipid-based SEDDS using digestion products of long-chain triglyceride for high drug solubility: Formulation and dispersion testing. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123953. [PMID: 38417725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
A self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) containing long chain lipid digestion products (LDP) and surfactants was developed to increase solubility of two model weakly basic drugs, cinnarizine and ritonavir, in the formulation. A 1:1.2 w/w mixture of glyceryl monooleate (Capmul GMO-50; Abitec) and oleic acid was used as the digestion product, and a 1:1 w/w mixture of Tween 80 and Cremophor EL was the surfactant used. The ratio between LDP and surfactant was 1:1 w/w. Since the commercially available Capmul GMO-50 is not pure monoglyceride and contained di-and-triglycerides, the digestion product used would provide 1:2 stoichiometric molar ratio of monoglyceride and fatty acid after complete digestion in gastrointestinal fluid. Both cinnarizine and ritonavir had much higher solubility in oleic acid (536 and 72 mg/g, respectively) than that in glyceryl monooleate and glyceryl trioleate. Therefore, by incorporating oleic acid in place of glyceryl trioleate in the formulation, the solubility of cinnarizine and ritonavir could be increased by 5-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively, as compared to a formulation without the fatty acid. The formulation dispersed readily in aqueous media, and adding 3 mM sodium taurocholate, which is generally present in GI fluid, remarkably improved the dispersibility of SEDDS and reduced particle size of dispersions. Thus, the use of digestion products of long-chain triglycerides as components of SEDDS can enhance the drug loading of weakly basic compounds and increase dispersibility in GI fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta H Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA; Present Address: Pace Life Sciences, 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Abu T M Serajuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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Attia KAM, El-Olemy A, Serag A, Abbas AEF, Eid SM. Environmentally sustainable DRS-FTIR probe assisted by chemometric tools for quality control analysis of cinnarizine and piracetam having diverged concentration ranges: Validation, greenness, and whiteness studies. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 302:123161. [PMID: 37478754 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel diffuse reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopic method accompanied by chemometrics was optimized to fulfill the white analytical chemistry and green analytical chemistry principles for the quantification of cinnarizine and piracetam for the first time without any prior separation in their challenging pharmaceutical preparation, which has a pretty substantial difference in the concentration of cinnarizine/piracetam (1:16). Furthermore, the suggested method was used for cinnarizine/piracetam dissolution testing as an effective alternative to traditional methods. For the cinnarizine/piracetam dissolution tests, we used a dissolution vessel with 900 mL of phosphate buffer pH 2.5 at 37 °C ± 0.5 °C, then the sampling was carried out by frequent withdrawal of 20 µl samples from the dissolution vessel at a one-minute interval, over one hour, then representative fourier transform infrared spectra were recorded. To create a partial-least-squares regression model, a fractional factorial design with 5 different levels and 2 factors was used. This led to the creation of 25 mixtures, 15 as a calibration set and 10 as a validation set, with varying concentration ranges: 1-75 and 16-1000 μg/mL for cinnarizine/piracetam, respectively. Upon optimization of the partial-least-squares regression model, in terms of latent variables and spectral region, root mean square error of cross-validation of 0.477 and 0.270, for cinnarizine/piracetam respectively, were obtained. The optimized partial-least-squares regression model was further validated, providing good results in terms of recovery% (around 98 to 102 %), root mean square error of prediction (0.436 and 3.329), relative root mean square error of prediction (1.210 and 1.245), bias-corrected mean square error of prediction (0.059 and 0.081), and limit of detection (0.125 and 2.786) for cinnarizine/piracetam respectively. Ultimately, the developed method was assessed for whiteness, greenness, and sustainability using five assessment tools. the developed method achieved a greener national environmental method index and complementary green analytical procedure index quadrants with higher eco-scale assessment scores (91), analytical greenness metric scores (0.87), and red-greenblue 12 algorithm scores (89.7) than the reported methods, showing high practical and environmental acceptance for quality control of cinnarizine/piracetam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A M Attia
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Olemy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Serag
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Emad F Abbas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Sherif M Eid
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza 12585, Egypt.
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Maghsoodi M, Mollaie Astemal S, Nokhodchi A, Kiaie H, Talebi F. The effect of anionic Eudragit polymers on drug supersaturation and in vitro permeation improvement. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37096982 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2206495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present study, Cinnarizine was selected as a weakly basic drug with poor aqueous solubility to investigate the supersaturation maintaining the ability of different types of anionic Eudragit polymers (Eudragits L100-55, L100 and S100). Furthermore, the interplay between polymer-mediated supersaturation maintenance and in vitro permeation enhancement was studied. METHODS The effect of Eudragit polymers on the pH-induced supersaturation of Cinnarizine was examined under different pHs (6.4, 6.8 and 7.8). Moreover, the effect of Eudragit polymers on the permeation of Cinnarizine through the Caco-2 membrane was investigated. RESULTS The aggregate size of Eudragit polymers in solution was determined and it was found that the size of polymer aggregate was bigger when lower pH or more hydrophobic polymer was used, which corresponded strongly with improved drug supersaturation. Based on the findings, hydrophobic Cinnarizine-polymer interactions seemed to be essential in determining the impact of Eudragit polymers on maintaining the Cinnarizine supersaturation. The permeation study demonstrated that the rate of drug permeation through the Caco-2 membrane increased in the presence of Eudragit polymers, but their effect on maintaining supersaturation was more significant than their effect on the drug permeation rate. Moreover, the highest level of Cinnarizine supersaturation observed in a non-permeation condition did not correlate with the optimal absorption in a permeation condition. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the integration of permeation and supersaturation assays is needed to reliably predict the impact of supersaturation maintenance by polymers on the absorption of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Maghsoodi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Lupin Pharmaceutical Research Center, Coral Springs, Florida, USA
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Hossein Kiaie
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Calzetti S, Negrotti A. Permanent non-progressive cinnarizine and flunarizine-induced parkinsonism: An under-recognized tardive syndrome in the elderly? J Neurol Sci 2023; 444:120526. [PMID: 36584558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Secondary parkinsonism induced by exposure to dopamine (DA) receptor antagonists as first and second generation antipsychotics, DA storage depleters, calcium channel blockers, benzamides substituted and other classes of drugs is traditionally believed to be completely reversible in most of patients following withdrawal of the offending drug even though after a variable time delay. The lack of recovery or initial full recovery with subsequent development of progressive parkinsonism has been regarded to result from an underlying subclinical degenerative process like PD unmasked by the inducing drug. These well-recognized clinical outcomes of drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) have disregarded the existence of another outcome, characterized by permanent non-progressive parkinsonism. This syndrome may fullfil the criteria of tardive parkinsonism, a controversial entity currently referred to as a persistent condition without indication of its long-term course and clinical features. On reviewing the published literature on DIP, we have identified two prospective long-term follow-up of elderly patients in which parkinsonism induced by the calcium channel antagonists cinnarizine and flunarizine became permanent and non-progressive following drug discontinuation in a non-negligible proportion of patients, consistent with the clinical concept of a true tardive syndrome, according to currently accepted criteria. The authors hypothesize that the development of tardive parkinsonism might be due to a neurotoxic effect of the pharmacodynamic proprieties of the calcium channel blockers and their metabolites, exerted on post-synaptic striatal neurons and/or a neurotoxic damage on presynaptic DA neurons in patients without an underlying subclinical degenerative parkinsonism, so accounting for the stable and non-progressive course over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Calzetti
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Anna Negrotti
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
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Mullangi S, Ravindhranath K, Yarala MR, Panchakarla RK. A sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of potential genotoxic impurities in Cinnarizine. Ann Pharm Fr 2023; 81:74-82. [PMID: 35792147 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the trace level determination of genotoxic impurities, Cinnamyl chloride and Benzhydryl chloride, in Cinnarizine drug substance was developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was successfully achieved on Atlantis d C18 column with dimensions 150× 4.6mm and particle size: 5μm. 0.1% Trifluoroacetic acid in water and 100% acetonitrile was used as mobile phases with gradient mode of elution at 1.0mL/min flow rate. Mass spectroscopic detection was carried out with selective ion monitoring (SIM) technique in positive mode at m/z 117 and 167 for Cinnamyl chloride and Benzhydryl chloride respectively. Developed method was proven to be selective, sensitive, and precise for the quantification of potential genotoxic impurities in Cinnarizine by validating as per the regulatory guidelines. The LOD and LOQ values observed for Cinnamyl chloride were 0.49 and 1.47ppm and for Benzhydryl chloride 0.55 and 1.67ppm respectively. Precision of the method at LOQ level was shown with good % RSD of 4.21. Method was proven linear from LOQ to 150% level with a correlation of 0.996 and accurate with a range of recovery from 86.4 to 100.8%. This highly sensitive method can be used to control both the genotoxic impurities in Cinnarizine drug substance by LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mullangi
- Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, 522502 Vaddeswaram, Guntur Dt., A.P., India
| | - K Ravindhranath
- Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, 522502 Vaddeswaram, Guntur Dt., A.P., India.
| | - M R Yarala
- Department of Pharmacy, GITAM deemed to be University, 530045 Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - R K Panchakarla
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Hyderabad, Medchal (Dist), 500078 Telangana, India
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Shafie'ei M, Kouhanjani MF, Akbari Z, Sarvipour N, Shekouh D, Gholampour M, Ardestani PM, Nemati H. Application of Cinnarizine in Migraine Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pain Pract 2022; 22:733-745. [PMID: 36148684 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the available data on the prophylactic effectiveness of cinnarizine in migraine disorder. BACKGROUND Cinnarizine has demonstrated encouraging potential in preventing the attacks of migraine. Therefore, we opted to evaluate whether its sole administration leads to positive outcomes. METHODS The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for English-only original interventional studies published until April 2022, then screened for relevancy and eligibility. The resulting data from the included studies, including the primary(i.e., headache episode frequency, intensity, duration, monthly timing, and analgesic intake frequency) and secondary(i.e., reported adverse events, quality of life, and activities of daily living) outcome changes compared to placebo and active controls(e.g., sodium valproate and propranolol) were then recorded by two independent assessors. Ultimately, these data were synthesized qualitatively and quantitatively(achieved by determining the mean difference via the random-effects model). RESULTS A total of 10 studies comprising seven randomized controlled trials and three quasi-experimental studies were included. Compared to placebo, cinnarizine demonstrated significant improvements in migraine episode frequency(Mean difference= -3.10; Confidence interval=[-3.33, -2.88]; P-value<0.001; I2 <0.001%), and intensity(Mean difference= -1.54; Confidence interval=[-2.08, -0.99]; P value<0.001; I2 <37.97%). Moreover, cinnarizine led to similar or better results when compared to active controls, including sodium valproate, topiramate, and propranolol. CONCLUSIONS Cinnarizine can be considered a safe and effective medication for migraine prophylaxis. However, the relatively small sample size made reaching a definite conclusion impossible. Therefore, a higher number of randomized controlled trials are recommended to be taken place to clarify the situation further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shafie'ei
- Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Farjoud Kouhanjani
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz, Iran.,Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbari
- Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nastaran Sarvipour
- Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Dorsa Shekouh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamid Nemati
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Sarouey LA, Rahimi-Moghaddam P, Tabatabaie F, Khanaliha K. Evaluating the Effect of Cinnarizine on Promastigotes and Amastigotes forms of Leishmania major. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:550-555. [PMID: 30421686 DOI: 10.2174/1871526518666181113114820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
As an important global disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with complications such as secondary infections and atrophic scars. The first line treatment with antimonials is expensive and reported to have serious side effects and enhance resistance development. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cinnarizine on standard strains of Leishmania major because of paucity of information on this subject. METHODS In this experimental study, four concentrations of the drug (5, 10, 15 and 20 μg/ml) were added to Leishmania major cultures at 24, 48 and 72 hours intervals. MTT assays were performed to determine parasite viability and drug toxicity. Leishmania major promastigotes were augmented to the in vitro cultured macrophages (J774 cells) and then incubated for 72 hours. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was ascertained by counting parasites. The inhibitory effect of the drug was compared with that of Glucantime. Flow-cytometry was performed to investigate apoptosis. Each test was repeated thrice. RESULTS The IC50 values of Cinnarizine after 72 hours were calculated to be 34.76 μg/ml and 23.73 μg/ml for promastigotes and amastigotes, respectively. The results of MTT assays showed 48 % promastigote viability after 72 hour-exposure to Cinnarizine at 20 μg/ml concentration. Programmed cell death in promastigote- and amastigote-infected macrophages was quantified to be 13.66 % and 98.7 %, respectively. Flow- cytometry analysis indicated that Cinnarizine induced early and late apoptosis in parasites. All treatments produced results which differed significantly from control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Cinnarizine showed low toxicity with anti-leishmanial and apoptosis effects on both promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms. Therefore, we may suggest further assessment on animal models of this drug as candidates for cutaneous leishmaniasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lima Asgharpour Sarouey
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Tabatabaie
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abdelmonem R, Hamed RR, Abdelhalim SA, ElMiligi MF, El-Nabarawi MA. Formulation and Characterization of Cinnarizine Targeted Aural Transfersomal Gel for Vertigo Treatment: A Pharmacokinetic Study on Rabbits. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6211-6223. [PMID: 32904111 PMCID: PMC7450212 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s258764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Cinnarizine is indicated orally for treating vertigo associated with Ménière's syndrome and has a local anesthetic effect as well. The present study aims to develop an aural Cinnarizine mucoadhesive transfersomal gel to overcome the first-pass metabolism. METHODS Eighteen Cinnarizine transfersomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration technique using different types of phosphatidylcholine and edge activators in different ratios. Formulae were tested for their appearance, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro drug release after eight hours. F1, F4, F7, F9, F10, and F12 were selected to be examined for particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. According to the previous parameters, F1 and F10 were incorporated into gels using different polymers according to factorial design 23. The eight gels were tested for appearance, pH, mucoadhesion, spreadability, drug content, in-vitro drug release after eight hours, and rheology. The transfersomal gel F1A was subjected to FTIR analysis and in-vivo pharmacokinetic study. RESULTS The transfersomal dispersion colors were ranging between the white and yellow. Their EE % ranged from 64.36±1.985% to 94.09±1.74%, and their in-vitro release percentages were between 61.82±1.92% and 95.92±1.18%. Also, the vesicles PS ranged from 212.3±30.05nm to 2150±35.35nm, DI from 0.238±0.134 to 1±0.00 and zeta potential from -57.5±2.54 to +4.73±1.57 mV. The transfersomal gels showed pseudoplastic behavior, pH range of 5.5 to 8, a mucoadhesive force of 169.188±1.26 to 321.212±6.94 (dyne/cm2×102), spreadability of 40 ±7.03mm to 138 ±3.77mm, and in-vitro drug release of 81.63±1.128% to 97.78±0.102%. The IR spectra of the (drug-excipients) physical mixture revealed that there were no shifts of incompatibility. The in-vivo pharmacokinetic study illustrated that [AUC]0-24 of F1A was significantly higher than that of tablets at (P< 0.05), equivalent to 703.563±26.470 and 494.256±9.621ɲg.hr/mL respectively. CONCLUSION The study revealed that Cinnarizine aural mucoadhesive targeted delivery provides an improved systemic bioavailability over the conventional oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Abdelmonem
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raghda Rabe Hamed
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally A Abdelhalim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F ElMiligi
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Patel M, Hirlekar R. Multicomponent cyclodextrin system for improvement of solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drug. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 14:104-115. [PMID: 32104443 PMCID: PMC7032147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interaction of Cinnarizine (CIN) with Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin (HPβCD) in the presence of Hydroxy Acids (HA). Various binary and ternary systems of CIN with HPβCD and HA were prepared by kneading and coevaporation methods. For the ternary systems, HA were tried in three different concentrations. The interaction in solution phase was studied in detail by the phase solubility method, and the solid phase interactions were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR). Phase solubility revealed the positive effect of HA on the complexation of CIN with HPβCD. Solid phase characterization confirmed the formation of inclusion complex in the ternary systems. Solubility and dissolution studies illustrated that out of three different concentrations tried, HA were most effective at the 1 M concentration level. Ternary systems were very effective in improving the solubility as well as dissolution profile of CIN than the CIN-HPβCD binary systems. FTIR, 1H-NMR and Molecular docking studies gave some insight at molecular level that actually which part of CIN was interacting with the HPβCD. Molecular docking and free energy calculation even enlighten the role of tartaric acid in increasing solubility of CIN in the ternary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Sector-8, C.B.D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400614, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Rajashree Hirlekar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Sector-8, C.B.D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400614, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, VES College of Pharmacy, Hashu Advani Memorial Complex, Behind Collector Colony, Chembur (E), Mumbai 400074, India
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Saeedi M, Khosravi MH, Bayatpoor ME. Comparing the Effects of Epley Maneuver and Cinnarizine on Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo; A Randomized Clinical Trial. Galen Med J 2019; 8:e866. [PMID: 34466453 PMCID: PMC8344059 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v8i0.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The fastest and safest treatment method of BPPV is repositioning maneuvers. In Iran, this methods are not widely used, and many physicians use medical therapy, despite their side effects, for management of BPPV. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial patients with BPPV were randomly allocated to Epley repositioning maneuver or Cinnarizine (25mg every 8 hours) for two weeks. The patients were evaluated for symptoms using visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring system before intervention, first and second weeks after intervention. In the second and third visitd the results of hallpike test was recorded for both groups. Results: 43 patients with a mean age of 46.88±11.08 years in two Epley and Cinnarizine group underwent analysis. The mean VAS score for improvement of symptoms after intervention was 1.66±1.06 in Epley and 1.50±0.91 in Cinnarizine group (P=0.57). Conclusion: we found that there is no significant difference between Epley maneuver and Cinnarizine for treatment and controlling symptoms of BPPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Saeedi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Khosravi
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Otorhinolaryngology Research Association (IORA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence to: Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Mollasadra st., Vanaq sq., Tehran, Iran Telephone Number: +982188620826 Email Address:
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Allen SA, Tomilov A, Cortopassi GA. Small molecules bind human mTOR protein and inhibit mTORC1 specifically. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:298-304. [PMID: 30028993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of mTOR activity (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. mTOR participates in two functional complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Since mTORC1 is specifically activated in multiple tumors, novel molecules that inhibit mTORC1 could be therapeutically important. To identify potentially novel modulators of mTOR pathways, we screened 1600 small molecule human drugs for mTOR protein binding, using novel biolayer interferometry technology. We identified several small molecules that bound to mTOR protein in a dose-dependent manner, on multiple chemical scaffolds. As mTOR participates in two major complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, the functional specificities of the binders were measured by S6Kinase and Akt phosphorylation assays. Three novel 'mTOR general' binders were identified, carvedilol, testosterone propionate, and hydroxyprogesterone, which inhibited both mTORC1 and mTORC2. By contrast, the piperazine drug cinnarizine dose-dependently inhibited mTORC1 but not mTORC2, suggesting it as a novel mTORC1-specific inhibitor. Some of cinnarizine's chemical analogs also inhibited mTORC1 specifically, whereas others did not. Thus we report the existence of a novel target for some related piperazines including cinnarizine and hydroxyzine, i.e. specific inhibition of mTORC1 activity. Since mTOR inhibition is a general anti-cancer strategy, and mTORC1 is specifically activated in some tumors, we suggest the piperazine scaffold, including cinnarizine and hydroxyzine, could be proposed for rational therapy in tumors in which mTORC1 is specifically activated. Related piperazines have shown toxicity to cancer cells in vitro as single agents and in combination chemotherapy. Thus piperazine-based mTOR inhibitors could become a novel chemotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Allen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., VM3B, UC Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Alexey Tomilov
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., VM3B, UC Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gino A Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., VM3B, UC Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Deka SJ, Roy A, Manna D, Trivedi V. Integrating virtual screening and biochemical experimental approach to identify potential anti-cancer agents from drug databank. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2018; 16:1850002. [PMID: 29566637 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720018500026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical libraries constitute a reservoir of pharmacophoric molecules to identify potent anti-cancer agents. Virtual screening of heterocyclic compound library in conjugation with the agonist-competition assay, toxicity-carcinogenicity analysis, and string-based structural searches enabled us to identify several drugs as potential anti-cancer agents targeting protein kinase C (PKC) as a target. Molecular modeling study indicates that Cinnarizine fits well within the PKC C2 domain and exhibits extensive interaction with the protein residues. Molecular dynamics simulation of PKC-Cinnarizine complex at different temperatures (300, 325, 350, 375, and 400[Formula: see text]K) confirms that Cinnarizine fits nicely into the C2 domain and forms a stable complex. The drug Cinnarizine was found to bind PKC with a dissociation constant Kd of [Formula: see text]M. The breast cancer cells stimulated with Cinnarizine causes translocation of PKC-[Formula: see text] to the plasma membrane as revealed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence studies. Cinnarizine also dose dependently reduced the viability of MDAMB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with an IC[Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]g/mL, respectively. It is due to the disturbance of cell cycle of breast cancer cells with reduction of S-phase and accumulation of cells in G1-phase. It disturbs mitochondrial membrane potentials to release cytochrome C into the cytosol and activates caspase-3 to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. The cell death was due to induction of apoptosis involving mitochondrial pathway. Hence, the current study has assigned an additional role to Cinnarizine as an activator of PKC and potentials of the approach to identify new molecules for anti-cancer therapy. Thus, in silico screening along with biochemical experimentation is a robust approach to assign additional roles to the drugs present in the databank for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Jyoti Deka
- * Malaria Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ashalata Roy
- † Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Debasis Manna
- † Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Vishal Trivedi
- * Malaria Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Kirtane MV, Bhandari A, Narang P, Santani R. Cinnarizine: A Contemporary Review. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 71:1060-8. [PMID: 31750127 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-017-1120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnarizine, is approved for nausea, vomiting, motion sickness, inner ear disorders and is considered as first-line pharmacotherapy for management of vertigo. It acts by anti-vasoconstrictor activity, reducing blood viscosity and reducing nystagmus in labyrinth. Lack of adequate literature on clinical evidence of cinnarizine and its combination (dimenhydrinate) in vertigo management prompted this review. A specific MEDLINE literature search strategy was designed combining Medical Subject Headings, free-text keywords (like cinnarizine and vertigo) using Boolean operators (1970-2016) for clinical studies, clinical reviews and meta-analyses of cinnarizine. Analyses of studies validated cinnarizine's efficacy in peripheral and central vertigo versus placebo or other therapies, and was well-tolerated by the patients recruited across different studies. Cinnarizine and/ or its combinations are favorable in management of vestibular disorders wherein cinnarizine acts predominantly peripherally on labyrinth and dimenhydrinate acts centrally on vestibular nuclei and associated centers in brainstem. Combination therapy of cinnarizine and/ or its combinations demonstrated a better safety profile than either of the mono-components, offering a viable therapeutic option in vertigo management.
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Jhang KM, Huang JY, Nfor ON, Tung YC, Ku WY, Lee CT, Liaw YP. Extrapyramidal symptoms after exposure to calcium channel blocker-flunarizine or cinnarizine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 73:911-916. [PMID: 28386684 PMCID: PMC5486934 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-017-2247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Flunarizine (fz) and cinnarizine (cz) have well-known extrapyramidal side effects (EPSEs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and occurrence time of cz- and fz-related EPSEs. Method Patients who took fz or cz for more than 1 month were identified from the longitudinal health insurance database 2005 and 2010. Excluded were patients with any of the underlying diseases that may cause parkinsonism. Drug-induced EPSEs were defined as the new diagnosis of parkinsonism, dyskinesia, or secondary dystonia during drug use or within 3 months after discontinuing the medication. Age- and sex-matched controls were included in this study. Results Recruited for analysis were individuals who took fz (n = 26,133) and cz (n = 7186). The incidence rates of fz- and cz-induced EPSEs were 21.03 and 10.3 per 10,000 person-months, respectively. The hazard ratios (HRs) of EPSEs among fz and cz subjects were 8.03 (95% CI 6.55–9.84) and 3.41 (95% CI 2.50–4.63) when compared with the control individuals. Both fz and cz patients had a higher cumulative incidence of EPSEs than their control individuals (p < 0.001). Among subjects who took fz, the incidence of EPSEs was higher in the second than first year of drug exposure (45.59 vs 21.03 per 10,000 person-months). Conclusions Fz and cz significantly increased the risk of parkinsonism, dyskinesia, and dystonia. Potential benefits and risks should be weighed when considering long-term use of these drugs especially fz. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00228-017-2247-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ming Jhang
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Lu-Tung Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Tung
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yuan Ku
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Te Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Tawakkol SM, El-Zeiny MB, Hemdan A. Full spectrum and selected spectrum based chemometric methods for the simultaneous determination of Cinnarizine and Dimenhydrinate in laboratory prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical dosage form. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 173:892-896. [PMID: 27837737 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three chemometric methods namely, concentration residual augmented classical least squares (CRACLS), spectral residual augmented classical least squares (SRACLS) and partial least squares (PLS) were applied for the simultaneous quantitative determination of Cinnarizine and Dimenhydrinate in their binary mixtures. All techniques were applied with and without variable selection using genetic algorithm (GA) resulting in six models (CRACLS, GA-CRACLS, SRACLS, GA-SRACLS, PLS, GA-PLS). These models were applied for the simultaneous determination of the drugs in their laboratory prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical dosage form via handling their UV spectral data. It was found that GA based models are simpler and more robust than those built with the full spectral data. The proposed models were found to be simple, fast and require no preliminary separation steps; so they can be used for the routine analysis of this binary mixture in quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen M Tawakkol
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed B El-Zeiny
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), 12582 Al Hadaba Al Wosta, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - A Hemdan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October, Egypt
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Singh I, Kamboj S, Rana V. Quality by Design Based Fabrication of Iron Oxide Induced Mucoadhesive Microspheres for Enhanced Bioavalibility of Cinnarizine. Curr Drug Deliv 2016; 14:1154-1169. [PMID: 27758691 DOI: 10.2174/1567201813666161018152836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was aimed to enhance the mucoadhesive potential of Eudragit RS 100 and RL 100 using iron oxide. METHODS Microspheres of Eudragit RS/RL100, containing cinnarizine, were prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation technique employing 32 full factorial design. Eudragit RS or RL (X1) and iron oxide (X2) concentrations were the independent variables. Particle size, entrapment efficiency, mucoadhesion, zeta potential and t90% were the response variables. Microspheres when characterized by FTIR-ATR and DSC confirm entrapment of drug. RESULTS SEM analysis of microspheres exhibits roughness/micropores responsible for drug release. Particle size of Eudragit RS and Eudragit RL microspheres was found to increase from 275.60±2.68 to 438.72±22.73 nm and 283.14±1.95 to 475.55±29.66 nm. Incorporation of iron oxide increases zeta potential from 0.88±0.18 to 10.74±1.78 mV and 1.12±0.11 to 14.44±2.44 mV for Eudragit RS and RL microspheres, respectively. Highest mucoadhesion and zeta potential were obtained when 4.5% w/v of X1 and 20% w/v of X2 were used in the formulation of microspheres. CONCLUSION The r2 values were significantly higher (P < 0.01) for the Langmuir equation as compared to Freundlich equation, indicating the involvement of electrostatic forces in the specific adsorption of mucin on to Eudragit microspheres. In vivo study indicates 2.5 to 3 times increased bioavailabity of cinnarizine through mucoadhesive microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderbir Singh
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, Punjab. India
| | - Sunil Kamboj
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, Punjab. India
| | - Vikas Rana
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, Punjab. India
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Scholtz AW, Ilgner J, Loader B, Pritschow BW, Weisshaar G. Cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of vertigo in medical practice. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2016; 128:341-7. [PMID: 26659910 PMCID: PMC4875047 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-015-0905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of the fixed combination of cinnarizine 20 mg and dimenhydrinate 40 mg in the treatment of vertigo of various origins have been investigated in a prospective, noninterventional study involving private practices throughout Germany. A total of 1275 patients with an average age of 61.2 years participated in the study. The vertigo symptoms, measured by a validated mean vertigo score (primary efficacy endpoint) improved by 61 % in the course of the observational period (median: 6 weeks). Concomitant symptoms frequently associated with vertigo such as nausea, vomiting and tinnitus were also markedly reduced by 84, 85 and 51 %, respectively. Overall efficacy has been rated by the physicians as 'very much improved' or 'much improved' in 95 % of the patients. A total of 47 patients (3.7 %) reported 51 adverse drug reactions (all nonserious). The results indicate a good tolerability and efficacy of the fixed combination of cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of vertigo in daily medical practice, which is in line with previous findings of numerous interventional, randomised, double-blind, controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne-Wulf Scholtz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Neurotology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Justus Ilgner
- Department of Oto-Laryngology and Plastic Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Loader
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rudolfstiftung Tertiary Teaching Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd W Pritschow
- Medical Department, Hennig Arzneimittel, Floersheim am Main, Germany
| | - Gerhard Weisshaar
- Medical Department, Hennig Arzneimittel, Floersheim am Main, Germany
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Tal D, Shemy S, Kaminski-Graif G, Wiener G, Hershkovitz D. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and motion sickness medications. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:2350-4. [PMID: 27178852 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Seasickness is a widespread problem among naval crew, and has a major impact on their performance at sea. The three pharmacological agents most commonly employed in the treatment of seasickness are dimenhydrinate, cinnarizine, and scopolamine. At present, the effectiveness of anti-seasickness drugs is tested by a process of "trial and error", while sailing and exposed to sea conditions. A physiological test to evaluate the action of a drug might save crew members long periods of suffering, as well as simplifying the procedure of selecting the appropriate treatment for each individual. The cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) test has come to be recognized as a reliable procedure for the objective evaluation of saccular function. It was the hypothesis of the present study that cVEMP otolith responses may be affected by anti-motion sickness drugs, which might thus make cVEMP a useful clinical neurophysiological tool for the assessment of drug absorption and efficacy. METHODS Thirty male sailors who regularly took medication for the treatment of seasickness participated in the study. Participants underwent the cVEMP test pre- and 1h post-drug administration. RESULTS A statistically significant decrease in p13 latency was found after administration of scopolamine compared with baseline (14.46ms vs. 15.09ms, p=0.0049), with significant prolongation of the binaural average inter-latency in this group. No differences were found in the dimenhydrinate and cinnarizine study groups. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that scopolamine absorption can be verified by changes in cVEMP latencies. SIGNIFICANCE The potential of the cVEMP test for predicting action of scopolamine on the vestibular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Tal
- Motion Sickness and Human Performance Laboratory, Israel Naval Medical Institute, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Shir Shemy
- Motion Sickness and Human Performance Laboratory, Israel Naval Medical Institute, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Kaminski-Graif
- Motion Sickness and Human Performance Laboratory, Israel Naval Medical Institute, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Haifa, Israel
| | - Guy Wiener
- Motion Sickness and Human Performance Laboratory, Israel Naval Medical Institute, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dov Hershkovitz
- Motion Sickness and Human Performance Laboratory, Israel Naval Medical Institute, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Haifa, Israel
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Christiansen ML, Holm R, Abrahamsson B, Jacobsen J, Kristensen J, Andersen JR, Müllertz A. Effect of food intake and co-administration of placebo self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems on the absorption of cinnarizine in healthy human volunteers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 84:77-82. [PMID: 26775868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Positive food effects may be observed for low aqueous soluble compounds, these effects could potentially be circumvented using lipid based formulations. However, as all compounds are not chemically stable in lipid based systems, alternative dosage regimes could be investigated to evade the stability issue. The two aims for this present study were therefore; i) to investigate if a nutritional drink, Fresubin Energy®, could induce food effect in humans for the poorly soluble compound cinnarizine; and ii) to investigate if co-administration of a self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) with a conventional cinnarizine tablet could reduce the observed food-effect. A commercial conventional cinnarizine tablet was dosed to 10 healthy volunteers in a cross-over design in both fasted and fed state, with and without co-administration of a SNEDDS, with a one week wash-out period between dosing. The fed state was induced using a nutritional drink (Fresubin Energy®) and gastric emptying was assessed by administration of paracetamol as a marker. The pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the nutritional drink delayed the uptake and increased the fraction of absorbed cinnarizine, indicative of a food effect on the compound. This was in agreement with a previous dog study and indicates that the nutritional drink can be used for inducing the same level of food effect in humans. Though not statistically significant, the co-administration of SNEDDS exhibited a tendency towards a reduction of the observed food effect and an increased absorption of cinnarizine in the fasted state; based upon the individual ratios, which was not reflected in the mean data. However, the co-administration of SNEEDS in the fasted state, also induce a slower gastric emptying rate, which was observed as a delayed tmax for both cinnarizine and paracetamol.
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Lamie NT, Yehia AM. Development of normalized spectra manipulating spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of Dimenhydrinate and Cinnarizine binary mixture. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 150:142-150. [PMID: 26037499 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous determination of Dimenhydrinate (DIM) and Cinnarizine (CIN) binary mixture with simple procedures were applied. Three ratio manipulating spectrophotometric methods were proposed. Normalized spectrum was utilized as a divisor for simultaneous determination of both drugs with minimum manipulation steps. The proposed methods were simultaneous constant center (SCC), simultaneous derivative ratio spectrophotometry (S(1)DD) and ratio H-point standard addition method (RHPSAM). Peak amplitudes at isoabsorptive point in ratio spectra were measured for determination of total concentrations of DIM and CIN. For subsequent determination of DIM concentration, difference between peak amplitudes at 250 nm and 267 nm were used in SCC. While the peak amplitude at 275 nm of the first derivative ratio spectra were used in S(1)DD; then subtraction of DIM concentration from the total one provided the CIN concentration. The last RHPSAM was a dual wavelength method in which two calibrations were plotted at 220 nm and 230 nm. The coordinates of intersection point between the two calibration lines were corresponding to DIM and CIN concentrations. The proposed methods were successfully applied for combined dosage form analysis, Moreover statistical comparison between the proposed and reported spectrophotometric methods was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine T Lamie
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali M Yehia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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Salama AH, Aburahma MH. Ufasomes nano-vesicles-based lyophilized platforms for intranasal delivery of cinnarizine: preparation, optimization, ex-vivo histopathological safety assessment and mucosal confocal imaging. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:706-15. [PMID: 25996631 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1048553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To circumvent the low and erratic absorption of orally administrated cinnarizine (CN), intranasal lyophilized gels containing unsaturated fatty acid liposomes (ufasomes) and encapsulating CN were prepared from oleic acid using a simple assembling strategy. The effects of varying drug concentration and cholesterol percentage on ufasomes size, polydispersity index and entrapment efficiency were investigated using 3(1)4(1) full factorial design. The optimized ufasomes that contained 14% cholesterol relative to oleic acid displayed spherical morphology with average size of 788 nm and entrapment efficiency of 80.49%. To overcome the colloidal instability of CN-loaded ufasomes dispersions and their short residence time in the nasal cavity, the ufasomes were incorporated into mucoadhesive hydrogels that were lyophilized into unit dosage forms for accurate dosing. Scanning electron micrographs of the lyophilized gel revealed that the included ufasomes were intact, non-aggregating and maintained their spherical morphology. Rheological characterization of reconstituted ufasomal lyophilized gel ensured ease of application. Furthermore, the gel induced minor histopathological alterations in sheeps' nasal mucosa. Ex-vivo confocal laser imaging confirmed the ability of ufasomes to penetrate deep through nasal mucosa layers. The results highlighted in the current work confirm the feasibility of using CN-loaded ufasomal gels for intranasal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Hamed Salama
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , National Research Center , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt and
| | - Mona Hassan Aburahma
- b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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Lamie NT. Comparative study of spectrophotometric methods manipulating ratio spectra: an application on pharmaceutical binary mixture of cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 141:193-201. [PMID: 25677532 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Four simple, specific, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods are developed and validated for simultaneous determination of cinnarizine (CIN) and dimenhydrinate (DIM) in a binary mixture with overlapping spectra, without preliminary separation. The first method is dual wavelength spectrophotometry (DW), the second is a ratio difference spectrophotometric one (RD) which measures the difference in amplitudes between 250 and 270 nm of ratio spectrum, the third one is novel constant center spectrophotometric method (CC) and the fourth method is mean centering of ratio spectra (MCR). The calibration curve is linear over the concentration range of 4-20 and 10-45 μg/ml for CIN and DIM, respectively. These methods are tested by analyzing synthetic mixtures of the above drugs and they are applied to commercial pharmaceutical preparation of the subjected drugs. The validity of results was assessed by applying standard addition technique. The results obtained were found to agree statistically with those obtained by a reported method, showing no significant difference with respect to accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine T Lamie
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kasr El-Aini Street, ET 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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Abstract
Cinnarizine is a piperazine derivative with antihistaminic, antiserotonergic, antidopaminergic, and calcium channel-blocking activities. A comprehensive profile was performed on cinnarizine including its description and the different methods of analysis. The 1H NMR and 13C one- and two-dimensional NMR methods were used. In addition, infrared and mass spectral analyses were performed which all confirmed the structure of cinnarizine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia G Haress
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Schmeel LC, Schmeel FC, Kim Y, Blaum-Feder S, Endo T, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. In vitro efficacy of cinnarizine against lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:835-841. [PMID: 25667464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Multiple myeloma, a well-known but still incurable disease, is a hematological malignancy of B-lymphocytes. While standard chemotherapy regimens have been used for years, novel agents, such as lenalidomide and bortezomib, have become an essential part of today's therapies. Nevertheless, new therapeutical strategies are required in the future. Aberrant activation of wingless-related integration site (WNT)/β-catenin signaling promotes the development of several types of cancer. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the WNT pathway is also activated in lymphoma and myeloma. Thus, the WNT signaling molecules are attractive candidates for the development of targeted therapies. To this extent, we recently confirmed that the diuretic agent ethacrynic acid (EA) and the antifungal agent ciclopirox olamine (CIC) inhibit WNT signaling. Cinnarizine has similar chemical features to those of CIC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thus, in this study the antitumor effect of cinnarizine on myeloma and lymphoma cells was investigated by DiOC6 and propidium iodide (PI)-staining in flow cytometry. RESULTS Cinnarizine triggered a significant apoptotic activity in all tested myeloma and lymphoma cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, healthy cells were mainly unaffected. CONCLUSION These results reveal a significant selective induction of apoptosis by cinnarizine that might result from an inhibition of WNT signaling and suggest an in vivo efficacy against lymphoma and myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Christopher Schmeel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Carsten Schmeel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany Department of Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine Blaum-Feder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tomoyuki Endo
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ingo G H Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Abouelatta SM, Aboelwafa AA, Khalil RM, ElGazayerly ON. Floating lipid beads for the improvement of bioavailability of poorly soluble basic drugs: in-vitro optimization and in-vivo performance in humans. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 89:82-92. [PMID: 25448073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The challenge in developing oral drug delivery systems of poorly soluble basic drugs is primarily due to their pH dependent solubility. Cinnarizine (CNZ), a model for a poorly soluble basic drug, has pH dependent solubility; where it dissolves readily at low pH in the stomach and exhibits a very low solubility at pH values greater than 4. It is also characterized by a short half life of 3-6h, which requires frequent daily administration resulting in poor patient compliance. In an attempt to solve these problems, extended release floating lipid beads were formulated. A 2(4) full factorial design was utilized for optimization of the effects of various independent variables; lipid:drug ratio, % Pluronic F-127, % Sterotex, and Gelucire 43/01:Gelucire 50/13 ratio, on the loading efficiency and release of CNZ from the lipid beads. In-vivo pharmacokinetic study of the optimized CNZ-lipid beads compared to Stugeron® (reference standard) was performed in healthy human volunteers. A promising approach for enhancing the bioavailability of the poorly soluble basic drug, CNZ, utilizing novel and simple floating lipid beads was successfully developed. Zero order release profile of CNZ was achieved for 12h. Mean AUC0-24 and AUC0-∞ of the optimized CNZ-loaded lipid beads were 4.23 and 6.04 times that of Stugeron® tablets respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M Abouelatta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Aboelwafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rawia M Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omaima N ElGazayerly
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Teggi R, Gatti O, Sykopetrites V, Quaglieri S, Benazzo M, Bussi M. Association of cinnarizine and betahistine in prophylactic therapy for Ménière's disease with and without migraine. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2014; 34:349-53. [PMID: 25709150 PMCID: PMC4299158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prophylactic therapy of Ménière's disease (MD) includes betahistine and calcium-blockers (the latter also useful for migraine prevention). The aim of our work was to assess the efficacy of combined therapy with cinnarizine and betahistine in MD subjects both with and without migraine and poorly responsive to betahistine alone. Fifty-two MD subjects were included who were poorly responsive to betahistine during 6 months of follow-up; 29 were migraineurs. Combined therapy was administered with betahistine 48 mg/day and cinnarizine 20 mg BID for 1 month, 20 mg/day for 2 weeks and 20 mg every 2 days for 2 more weeks, and then repeated. Results were collected over 6 months of follow-up. MD subjects with and without migraine demonstrated a decrease in both vertigo spells and migrainous attacks during combined therapy (from 9.4 to 3.8 and from 6.8 to 5.9 in 6 months, respectively, for vertigo spells, while migraine decreased from 3.8 to 1 in 6 months, respectively). A correlation was seen between decrease of vertigo spells and headaches in the sample of MD subjects with migraine. Our data support a proactive role for cinnarizine in preventing vertigo spells, especially in MD patients with migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Teggi
- Division of ENT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy;,Address for correspondence: Roberto Teggi, Division of ENT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy. Tel. +39 02 26433522. Fax +39 02 26433508. E-mail: teggi.roberto@ hsr.it
| | - O. Gatti
- Division of ENT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - V. Sykopetrites
- Division of ENT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Quaglieri
- Division of ENT, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - M. Benazzo
- Division of ENT, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - M. Bussi
- Division of ENT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Pinto EG, da Costa-Silva TA, Tempone AG. Histamine H1-receptor antagonists against Leishmania (L.) infantum: an in vitro and in vivo evaluation using phosphatidylserine-liposomes. Acta Trop 2014; 137:206-10. [PMID: 24905294 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Considering the limited and toxic therapeutic arsenal available for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the drug repositioning approach could represent a promising tool to the introduction of alternative therapies. Histamine H1-receptor antagonists are drugs belonging to different therapeutic classes, including antiallergics and anxyolitics. In this work, we described for the first time the activity of H1-antagonists against L. (L.) infantum and their potential effectiveness in an experimental hamster model. The evaluation against promastigotes demonstrated that chlorpheniramine, cinnarizine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, quetiapine and risperidone exerted a leishmanicidal effect against promastigotes, with IC50 values in the range of 13-84μM. The antihistaminic drug cinnarizine demonstrated effectiveness against the intracellular amastigotes, with an IC50 value of 21μM. The mammalian cytotoxicity was investigated in NCTC cells, resulting in IC50 values in the range of 57-229μM. Cinnarizine was in vivo studied as a free formulation and entrapped into phosphatidylserine-liposomes. The free drug was administered for eight consecutive days at 50mg/kg by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) and at 100mg/kg by oral route to L. infantum-infected hamsters, but showed lack of effectiveness in both regimens, as detected by real time PCR. The liposomal formulation was administered by i.p. route at 3mg/kg for eight days and reduced the parasite burden to 54% in liver when compared to untreated group; no improvement was observed in the spleen of infected hamsters. Cinnarizine is the first antihistaminic drug with antileishmanial activity and could be used as scaffold for drug design studies for VL.
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Taghdiri F, Togha M, Razeghi Jahromi S, Refaeian F. Cinnarizine for the prophylaxis of migraine associated vertigo: a retrospective study. Springerplus 2014; 3:231. [PMID: 24834377 PMCID: PMC4021030 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of cinnarizine for the prophylaxis of migraine associated vertigo in the vestibular migraine and migraine with brainstem aura. Background Vestibular migraine and migraine with brainstem aura are two principal clinical syndromes that frequently are associated with vertigo. Since cinnarizine is a well-tolerated calcium channel blocker which has acceptable effect on both vertigo and migraine headache, we carried out this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this medication in vestibular migraine and also migraine with brainstem aura associated with vertigo. Methods This was a retrospective, single-center, open-label, investigation of the effects of cinnarizine on vestibular migraine and migraine with associated with vertigo. We assessed the change in monthly frequency of vertigo and also frequency, duration and intensity of migraine attacks after one, two and three months of cinnarizine administration. Results The mean frequency of vertigo and also the mean frequency, duration and intensity of migraine headaches per month were reduced significantly after three months of cinnarizine therapy (all p < 0.001). Conclusion This study suggests that cinnarizine is safe and effective in reducing both headache and vertigo aspects of “migraine plus vertigo” among the patients who suffer from either vestibular migraine or migraine with brainstem aura associated with vertigo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foad Taghdiri
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Togha
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Neurology, Neurology Ward, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini St, 11367-46911 Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Soodeh Razeghi Jahromi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Refaeian
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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ASHRAFI MR, NAJAFI Z, SHAFIEI M, HEIDARI K, TOGHA M. Cinnarizine versus Topiramate in Prophylaxis of Migraines among Children and Adolescents: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Iran J Child Neurol 2014; 8:18-27. [PMID: 25657766 PMCID: PMC4307364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Migraines, a common health problem in children and adolescents, still do not have an FDA approved preventive treatment for patients under the age of 18 years. This study compares and contrasts the efficacy and safety of cinnarizine and topiramate in preventing pediatric migraines. MATERIALS & METHODS In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial 44 migrainous (from 4-15 years of age) were equally allocated to receive cinnarizine or topiramate. The primary efficacy measure was monthly migraine frequency. Secondary efficacy measures were monthly migraine intensity and ≥ 50% responder rate. Efficacy measures were recorded at the baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS During the double-blind phase of the study, monthly migraine frequency and intensity were significantly decreased in both the cinnarizine and topiramate groups when compared to the baseline. However, at the end of the study, the cinnarizine group exhibits a significant decrease from the baseline in the mean monthly migraine intensity when compared to the topiramate group (4.7 vs. 3, respectively; 95% CI = -0.8 to -3.2). CONCLUSION No significant difference between cinnarizine and topiramate was found for the prevention of pediatric migraines. Both treatments were well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Reza ASHRAFI
- Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children’s Medical Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Ira
| | - Zeinab NAJAFI
- Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children’s Medical Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masih SHAFIEI
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem HEIDARI
- Department of epidemiology and biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh TOGHA
- Iranian Centre of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abdelrahman MM. Simultaneous determination of Cinnarizine and Domperidone by area under curve and dual wavelength spectrophotometric methods. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 113:291-296. [PMID: 23735208 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Accurate, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of Cinnarizine and Domperidone, a binary mixture with overlapping spectra, without preliminary separation. These methods include area under the curve (AUC) and dual wavelength spectrophotometry. For the AUC method, the area under curve of mixture solutions in the wavelength ranges 241-258 nm and 280-292 nm were selected for determination of Cinnarizine and Domperidone and by applying Cramer's rule, concentration of each drug was obtained. In dual wavelength method, two wavelengths were selected for each drug in a way so that the difference in absorbance is zero for another drug. Domperidone shows equal absorbance at 240.2 nm and 273.2 nm, where the differences in absorbance were measured for the determination of Cinnarizine. Similarly, differences in absorbance at 230.8 nm and 259.2 nm were measured for determination of Domperidone. The proposed methods were applied for determination of Cinnarizine and Domperidone over the concentration ranges of 2-20 and 2-22 μg mL(-1), respectively. The suggested methods were validated as per USP guidelines and the results revealed that they are reliable, reproducible and precise for routine use with short analysis time. The results obtained by the proposed methods were statistically compared to the reported method, and there was no significant difference between them regarding both accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Abdelrahman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bani-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St., 62111 Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Basu B, Bagadiya A, Makwana S, Vipul V, Batt D, Dharamsi A. Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tablets of cinnarizine using superdisintegrant blends and subliming material. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2012; 2:266-73. [PMID: 22247895 PMCID: PMC3255354 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.90885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to develop fast dissolving tablet of cinnarizine. A combination of super disintegrants, i.e., sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and crosscarmellose sodium (CCS) were used along with camphor as a subliming material. An optimized concentration of camphor was added to aid the porosity of the tablet. A 32 full factorial design was applied to investigate the combined effect of two formulation variables: Amount of SSG and CCS. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy was performed to identify the physicochemical interaction between drug and polymer. IR spectroscopy showed that there is no interaction of drug with polymer. In the present study, direct compression was used to prepare the tablets. The powder mixtures were compressed into tablet using flat face multi punch tablet machine. Camphor was sublimed from the tablet by exposing the tablet to vacuum drier at 60°C for 12 hours. All the formulations were evaluated for their characteristics such as average weight, hardness, wetting time, friability, content uniformity, dispersion time (DT), and dissolution rate. An optimized tablet formulation (F 9) was found to have good hardness of 3.30 ± 0.10 kg/cm2, wetting time of 42.33 ± 4.04 seconds, DT of 34.67 ± 1.53 seconds, and cumulative drug release of not less than 99% in 16 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Basu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Atmiya Institute of Pharmacy, Yogidham Gurukul, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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Patel BP, Patel JK, Rajput GC, Thakor RS. Formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving tablets of cinnarizine. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 72:522-5. [PMID: 21218071 PMCID: PMC3013568 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.73930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop mouth dissolve tablets of cinnarizine by effervescent, superdisintegrant addition and sublimation methods. All the three formulations were evaluated for disintegration time, hardness and friability, among these superdisintegrant addition method showed lowest disintegration time; hence it was selected for further studies. Further nine batches (B1-B9) were prepared by using crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium and L-HPC in different concentrations such as 5, 7.5 and 10%. All the formulations were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, in vitro disintegration time, wetting time, in vitro dissolution. Formulation with 10% L-HPC showed the less disintegration time (25.3 s) and less wetting time (29.1 s). In vitro dissolution studies showed total drug release at the end of 6 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Patel
- Nootan Pharmacy College, S. P. Sahakar Vidyadham, Visnagar-384 315, India
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Abdel-Salam OM. Modulation of visceral nociception, inflammation and gastric mucosal injury by cinnarizine. Drug Target Insights 2007; 2:29-38. [PMID: 21901060 PMCID: PMC3155229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of cinnarizine, a drug used for the treatment of vertigo was assessed in animal models of visceral nociception, inflammation and gastric mucosal injury. Cinnarizine (1.25-20 mg/kg, s.c.) caused dose-dependent inhibition of the abdominal constrictions evoked by i.p. injection of acetic acid by 38.7-99.4%. This effect of cinnarizine (2.5 mg/kg) was unaffected by co-administration of the centrally acting dopamine D2 receptor antagonists, sulpiride, haloperidol or metoclopramide, the peripherally acting D2 receptor antagonist domperidone, but increased by the D2 receptor agonist bromocryptine and by the non-selective dopamine receptor antagonist chlorpromazine. The antinociception caused by cinnarizine was naloxone insenstive, but enhanced by propranolol, atropine and by yohimbine. The antinociceptive effect of cinnarizine was prevented by co-treatment with the adenosine receptor blocker theophylline or by the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K(ATP)) blocker glibenclamide. Cinnarizine at 2.5 mg/kg reversed the baclofen-induced antinociception. Cinnarizine at 2.5 mg/kg reduced immobility time in the Porsolt's forced-swimming test by 24%. Cinnarizine inhibited the paw oedema response to carrageenan and reduced gastric mucosal lesions caused by indomethacin in rats. It is suggested that cinnarizine exerts anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and gastric protective properties. The mechanism by which cinnarizine modulates pain transmission is likely to involve adenosine receptors and K(ATP) channels.
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