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Magi MS, de Lafuente Y, Quarta E, Palena MC, Ardiles PDR, Páez PL, Sonvico F, Buttini F, Jimenez-Kairuz AF. Novel Dry Hyaluronic Acid-Vancomycin Complex Powder for Inhalation, Useful in Pulmonary Infections Associated with Cystic Fibrosis. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:436. [PMID: 38675098 PMCID: PMC11054002 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte-drug complexes are interesting alternatives to improve unfavorable drug properties. Vancomycin (VAN) is an antimicrobial used in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. It is generally administered intravenously with a high incidence of adverse side effects, which could be reduced by intrapulmonary administration. Currently, there are no commercially available inhalable formulations containing VAN. Thus, the present work focuses on the preparation and characterization of an ionic complex between hyaluronic acid (HA) and VAN with potential use in inhalable formulations. A particulate-solid HA-VAN25 complex was obtained by spray drying from an aqueous dispersion. FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis confirmed the ionic interaction between HA and VAN, while an amorphous diffraction pattern was observed by X-ray. The powder density, geometric size and morphology showed the suitable aerosolization and aerodynamic performance of the powder, indicating its capability of reaching the deep lung. An in vitro extended-release profile of VAN from the complex was obtained, exceeding 24 h. Microbiological assays against methicillin-resistant and -sensitive reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus showed that VAN preserves its antibacterial efficacy. In conclusion, HA-VAN25 exhibited interesting properties for the development of inhalable formulations with potential efficacy and safety advantages over conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S. Magi
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba X5000GYA, Argentina; (M.S.M.); (Y.d.L.); (M.C.P.); (P.d.R.A.); (P.L.P.)
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Yanina de Lafuente
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba X5000GYA, Argentina; (M.S.M.); (Y.d.L.); (M.C.P.); (P.d.R.A.); (P.L.P.)
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Eride Quarta
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (E.Q.); (F.S.); (F.B.)
| | - María C. Palena
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba X5000GYA, Argentina; (M.S.M.); (Y.d.L.); (M.C.P.); (P.d.R.A.); (P.L.P.)
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Perla del R. Ardiles
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba X5000GYA, Argentina; (M.S.M.); (Y.d.L.); (M.C.P.); (P.d.R.A.); (P.L.P.)
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Paulina L. Páez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba X5000GYA, Argentina; (M.S.M.); (Y.d.L.); (M.C.P.); (P.d.R.A.); (P.L.P.)
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (E.Q.); (F.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (E.Q.); (F.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Alvaro F. Jimenez-Kairuz
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba X5000GYA, Argentina; (M.S.M.); (Y.d.L.); (M.C.P.); (P.d.R.A.); (P.L.P.)
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
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Kole E, Jadhav K, Sirsath N, Dudhe P, Verma RK, Chatterjee A, Naik J. Nanotherapeutics for pulmonary drug delivery: An emerging approach to overcome respiratory diseases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Dissolution and Absorption of Inhaled Drug Particles in the Lungs. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122667. [PMID: 36559160 PMCID: PMC9781681 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry powder inhalation therapy has been effective in treating localized lung diseases such asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), cystic fibrosis and lung infections. In vitro characterization of dry powder formulations includes the determination of physicochemical nature and aerosol performance of powder particles. The relationship between particle properties (size, shape, surface morphology, porosity, solid state nature, and surface hydrophobicity) and aerosol performance of an inhalable dry powder formulation has been well established. However, unlike oral formulations, there is no standard dissolution method for evaluating the dissolution behavior of the inhalable dry powder particles in the lungs. This review focuses on various dissolution systems and absorption models, which have been developed to evaluate dry powder formulations. It covers a summary of airway epithelium, hurdles to developing an in vitro dissolution method for the inhaled dry powder particles, fine particle dose collection methods, various in vitro dissolution testing methods developed for dry powder particles, and models commonly used to study absorption of inhaled drug.
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Shepard KB, Pluntze AM, Vodak DT. Simultaneous Spray Drying for Combination Dry Powder Inhaler Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061130. [PMID: 35745703 PMCID: PMC9227944 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spray drying is a particle engineering technique used to manufacture respirable pharmaceutical powders that are suitable for delivery to the deep lung. It is amenable to processing both small molecules and biologic actives, including proteins. In this work, a simultaneous spray-drying process, termed simul-spray, is described; the process involves two different active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) solutions that are simultaneously atomized through separate nozzles into a single-spray dryer. Collected by a single cyclone, simul-spray produces a uniform mixture of two different active particles in a single-unit operation. While combination therapies for dry powder inhalers containing milled small molecule API are commercially approved, limited options exist for preparing combination treatments that contain both small molecule APIs and biotherapeutic molecules. Simul-spray drying is also ideal for actives which cannot withstand a milling-based particle engineering process, or which require a high dose that is incompatible with a carrier-based formulation. Three combination case studies are demonstrated here, in which bevacizumab is paired with erlotinib, cisplatin, or paclitaxel in a dry powder inhaler formulation. These model systems were chosen for their potential relevance to the local treatment of lung cancer. The resulting formulations preserved the biologic activity of the antibody, achieved target drug concentration, and had aerosol properties suitable for pulmonary delivery.
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Son YJ, Miller DP, Weers JG. Optimizing Spray-Dried Porous Particles for High Dose Delivery with a Portable Dry Powder Inhaler. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091528. [PMID: 34575603 PMCID: PMC8470347 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript critically reviews the design and delivery of spray-dried particles for the achievement of high total lung doses (TLD) with a portable dry powder inhaler. We introduce a new metric termed the product density, which is simply the TLD of a drug divided by the volume of the receptacle it is contained within. The product density is given by the product of three terms: the packing density (the mass of powder divided by the volume of the receptacle), the drug loading (the mass of drug divided by the mass of powder), and the aerosol performance (the TLD divided by the mass of drug). This manuscript discusses strategies for maximizing each of these terms. Spray drying at low drying rates with small amounts of a shell-forming excipient (low Peclet number) leads to the formation of higher density particles with high packing densities. This enables ultrahigh TLD (>100 mg of drug) to be achieved from a single receptacle. The emptying of powder from capsules is directly proportional to the mass of powder in the receptacle, requiring an inhaled volume of about 1 L for fill masses between 40 and 50 mg and up to 3.2 L for a fill mass of 150 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoen-Ju Son
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | | | - Jeffry G. Weers
- Cystetic Medicines, Inc., Burlingame, CA 94010, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-650-339-3832
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Tse JY, Koike A, Kadota K, Uchiyama H, Fujimori K, Tozuka Y. Porous particles and novel carrier particles with enhanced penetration for efficient pulmonary delivery of antitubercular drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 167:116-126. [PMID: 34363979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to design dry powder inhaler formulations using a hydrophilic polymeric polysaccharide, phytoglycogen (PyG), as a multi-functional additive that increases the phagocytic activity of macrophage-like cells and enhances pulmonary delivery of drugs. The safety and usefulness of PyG were determined using in vitro cell-based studies. Dry powder inhaler formulations of an antitubercular drug, rifampicin, were fabricated by spray drying with PyG. The cytotoxicity, effects on phagocytosis, particle size, and morphology were evaluated. The aerosolization properties of the powder formulations were evaluated using an Andersen cascade impactor (ACI). Scanning electron microscope images of the particles on each ACI stage were captured to observe the deposition behavior. PyG showed no toxicity in A549, Calu-3, or RAW264.7 cell lines. At concentrations of 0.5 and 1 g/L, PyG facilitated the cellular uptake of latex beads and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in RAW264.7 cells. Formulations with outstanding inhalation potential were produced. The fine particle fraction (aerodynamic size 2-7 µm) of the porous particle batch reached nearly 60%, whereas in the formulation containing wrinkled carrier particles, the extra-fine particle fraction (aerodynamic particle size < 2 μm) was 25.0% ± 1.7%. The deposition of porous and wrinkled particles on individual ACI stages was distinct. The inclusion of PyG dramatically improved the inhalation performance of porous and wrinkled powder formulations. These easily inhaled immunostimulatory carrier particles may advance the state of research by enhancing the therapeutic effect and alveolar delivery of antitubercular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yee Tse
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Atsushi Koike
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kadota
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Uchiyama
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ko Fujimori
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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7
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Surface modification strategies for high-dose dry powder inhalers. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Brunaugh AD, Sharma S, Smyth H. Inhaled fixed-dose combination powders for the treatment of respiratory infections. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1101-1115. [PMID: 33632051 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1886074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. As an alternative to systemic drug administration, inhaled drug delivery can produce high drug concentrations in the lung tissue to overcome resistant bacteria. The development of inhaled fixed-dose combination powders (I-FDCs) is promising next step in this field, as it would enable simultaneous drug-drug or drug-adjuvant delivery at the site of infection, thereby promoting synergistic activity and improving patient compliance. AREAS COVERED This review covers the clinical and pharmaceutical rationales for the development of I-FDCs for the treatment of respiratory infections, relevant technologies for particle and powder generation, and obstacles which must be addressed to achieve regulatory approval. EXPERT OPINION I-FDCs have been widely successful in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; however, application of I-FDCs towards the treatment of respiratory infections carries additional challenges related to the high dose requirements and physicochemical characteristics of anti-infective drugs. At present, co-spray drying is an especially promising approach for the development of composite fixed-dose anti-infective particles for inhalation. Though the majority of fixed-dose research has thus far focused on the combination of multiple antibiotics, future work may shift to the additional inclusion of immunomodulatory agents or repurposed non-antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Hugh Smyth
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
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9
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Spray Drying for the Preparation of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Formulations as Dry Powders for Inhalation. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8070788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based therapeutics have been used in pulmonary formulations to enhance delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs, protect drugs against degradation and achieve modified release and drug targeting. This review focuses on the use of spray drying as a solidification technique to produce microparticles containing nanoparticles (i.e., nanoparticle (NP) agglomerates) with suitable properties as dry powders for inhalation. The review covers the general aspects of pulmonary drug delivery with emphasis on nanoparticle-based dry powders for inhalation and the principles of spray drying as a method for the conversion of nanosuspensions to microparticles. The production and therapeutic applications of the following types of NP agglomerates are presented: nanoporous microparticles, nanocrystalline agglomerates, lipid-based and polymeric formulations. The use of alternative spray-drying techniques, namely nano spray drying, and supercritical CO2-assisted spray drying is also discussed as a way to produce inhalable NP agglomerates.
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Anversa Dimer F, de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz C, Goes A, Cirnski K, Herrmann J, Schmitt V, Pätzold L, Abed N, De Rossi C, Bischoff M, Couvreur P, Müller R, Lehr CM. PLGA nanocapsules improve the delivery of clarithromycin to kill intracellular Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium abscessus. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 24:102125. [PMID: 31751769 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems are promising for targeting antibiotics directly to infected tissues. To reach intracellular Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium abscessus, we encapsulated clarithromycin in PLGA nanocapsules, suitable for aerosol delivery by nebulization of an aqueous dispersion. Compared to the same dose of free clarithromycin, nanoencapsulation reduced 1000 times the number of intracellular S. aureus in vitro. In RAW cells, while untreated S. aureus was located in acidic compartments, the treated ones were mostly situated in non-acidic compartments. Clarithromycin-nanocapsules were also effective against M. abscessus (70-80% killing efficacy). The activity of clarithromycin-nanocapsules against S. aureus was also confirmed in vivo, using a murine wound model as well as in zebrafish. The permeability of clarithromycin-nanocapsules across Calu-3 monolayers increased in comparison to the free drug, suggesting an improved delivery to sub-epithelial tissues. Thus, clarithromycin-nanocapsules are a promising strategy to target intracellular S. aureus and M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantiescoli Anversa Dimer
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Cristiane de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Adriely Goes
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Katarina Cirnski
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Viktoria Schmitt
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Linda Pätzold
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nadia Abed
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR8612, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Chiara De Rossi
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR8612, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Shiehzadeh F, Hadizadeh F, Mohammadpour A, Aryan E, Gholami L, Tafaghodi M. Streptomycin sulfate dry powder inhalers for the new tuberculosis treatment schedule. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Leng D, Kissi EO, Löbmann K, Thanki K, Fattal E, Rades T, Foged C, Yang M. Design of Inhalable Solid Dosage Forms of Budesonide and Theophylline for Pulmonary Combination Therapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:137. [PMID: 30847607 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid resistance poses a major challenge to effective treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. However, corticosteroid resistance can be overcome by co-administration of theophylline. The aim of this study was to formulate the corticosteroid budesonide with theophylline into inhalable dry powders intended for pulmonary combination therapy. Four types of spray-dried powders were prepared: (i) budesonide and theophylline co-dissolved and processed using a 2-fluid nozzle spray drier, (ii) budesonide nanocrystals and dissolved theophylline co-dispersed and processed using a 2-fluid nozzle spray drier, (iii) dissolved budesonide and dissolved theophylline processed using a 3-fluid nozzle spray drier, and (iv) budesonide nanocrystals and dissolved theophylline processed using a 3-fluid nozzle spray drier. Spray drying from the solutions resulted in co-amorphous (i) and partially amorphous powders (iii), whereas spray drying of the nanosuspensions resulted in crystalline products (ii and iv). Even though budesonide was amorphous in (i) and (iii), it failed to exhibit any dissolution advantage over the unprocessed budesonide. In contrast, the dissolution of budesonide from its nanocrystalline formulations, i.e., (ii) and (iv), was significantly higher compared to a physical mixture or unprocessed budesonide. Furthermore, the spray-dried powders obtained from the 2-fluid nozzle spray drier, i.e., (i) and (ii), exhibited co-deposition of budesonide and theophylline at the same weight ratio in the aerodynamic assessment using the New Generation Impactor. In contrast, the depositions of budesonide and theophylline deviated from the starting weight ratio in the aerodynamic assessment of spray-dried powders obtained from the 3-fluid nozzle spray drier, i.e., (iii) and (iv). Based on these results, the powders spray-dried from the suspension by using the 2-fluid nozzle spray drier, i.e., (ii), offered the best formulation properties given the physically stable crystalline solid-state properties and the co-deposition profile.
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Radivojev S, Zellnitz S, Paudel A, Fröhlich E. Searching for physiologically relevant in vitro dissolution techniques for orally inhaled drugs. Int J Pharm 2019; 556:45-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Kadota K, Yanagawa Y, Tachikawa T, Deki Y, Uchiyama H, Shirakawa Y, Tozuka Y. Development of porous particles using dextran as an excipient for enhanced deep lung delivery of rifampicin. Int J Pharm 2019; 555:280-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sandri A, Ortombina A, Boschi F, Cremonini E, Boaretti M, Sorio C, Melotti P, Bergamini G, Lleo M. Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa secreted virulence factors reduces lung inflammation in CF mice. Virulence 2018; 9:1008-1018. [PMID: 29938577 PMCID: PMC6086295 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1489198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infection is a complex condition where opportunistic pathogens and defective immune system cooperate in developing a constant cycle of infection and inflammation. The major pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, secretes a multitude of virulence factors involved in host immune response and lung tissue damage. In this study, we examined the possible anti-inflammatory effects of molecules inhibiting P. aeruginosa virulence factors. Methods: Pyocyanin, pyoverdine and proteases were measured in bacterial culture supernatant from different P. aeruginosa strains. Inhibition of virulence factors by sub-inhibitory concentrations of clarithromycin and by protease inhibitors was evaluated. Lung inflammatory response was monitored by in vivo bioluminescence imaging in wild-type and CFTR-knockout mice expressing a luciferase gene under the control of a bovine IL-8 promoter. Results: The amount of proteases, pyocyanin and pyoverdine secreted by P. aeruginosa strains was reduced after growth in the presence of a sub-inhibitory dose of clarithromycin. Intratracheal challenge with culture supernatant containing bacteria-released products induced a strong IL-8-mediated response in mouse lungs while lack of virulence factors corresponded to a reduction in bioluminescence emission. Particularly, sole inactivation of proteases by inhibitors Ilomastat and Marimastat also resulted in decreased lung inflammation. Conclusions: Our data support the assumption that virulence factors are involved in P. aeruginosa pro-inflammatory action in CF lungs; particularly, proteases seem to play an important role. Inhibition of virulence factors production and activity resulted in decreased lung inflammation; thus, clarithromycin and protease inhibitors potentially represent additional therapeutic therapies for P. aeruginosa-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sandri
- a Department of Diagnostics and Public Health , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Alessia Ortombina
- a Department of Diagnostics and Public Health , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- b Department of Computer Science , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Eleonora Cremonini
- a Department of Diagnostics and Public Health , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Marzia Boaretti
- a Department of Diagnostics and Public Health , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Claudio Sorio
- c Department of Medicine , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Paola Melotti
- d Cystic Fibrosis Center , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona , Verona , Italy
| | | | - Maria Lleo
- a Department of Diagnostics and Public Health , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
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Brunaugh AD, Smyth HDC. Formulation techniques for high dose dry powders. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:489-498. [PMID: 29778822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of drugs to the lungs via dry powder inhaler (DPI) is a promising approach for the treatment of both local pulmonary conditions and systemic diseases. Though DPIs are widely used for the pulmonary deposition of potent bronchodilators, anticholinergics, and corticosteroids, there is growing interest in the utilization of this delivery system for the administration of high drug doses to the lungs, as made evident by recent regulatory approvals for anti-microbial, anti-viral and osmotic agents. However, the formulation of high dose DPIs carries several challenges from both a physiological and physicochemical standpoint. This review describes the various formulation techniques utilized to overcome the barriers associated with the pulmonary delivery of high dose powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee D Brunaugh
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, 2409 West University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, 2409 West University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, United States; LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, United States.
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17
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Dry powder inhalers: An overview of the in vitro dissolution methodologies and their correlation with the biopharmaceutical aspects of the drug products. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 113:18-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Unifying in vitro and in vivo IVT mRNA expression discrepancies in skeletal muscle via mechanotransduction. Biomaterials 2018; 159:189-203. [PMID: 29331806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The translational efficiency of an in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA was measured upon delivery to primary skeletal muscle cells and to a mouse model system, towards the development of a predictive in vitro assay for the screening and validation of intramuscular mRNA-based vaccines. When IVT mRNA was delivered either naked or complexed with novel aminoglycoside-based delivery vehicles, significant differences in protein expression in vitro and in vivo were observed. We hypothesized that this previously anticipated discrepancy was due to differences in the mechanism of IVT mRNA endosomal entry and release following delivery. To address this, IVT mRNA was fluorescently labeled prior to delivery, to visualize its distribution. Colocalization with endosomal markers indicated that different entry pathways were utilized in vivo and in vitro, depending on the delivery vehicle, resulting in variations in protein expression levels. Since extracellular matrix stiffness (ECM) influences mRNA entry, trafficking and release, the effect of mechanotransduction on mRNA expression was investigated in vitro upon delivery of IVT mRNA alone, and complexed with delivery vehicles to skeletal muscle cells grown on ∼10 kPa hydrogels. This in vitro hydrogel model more accurately recapitulated the results obtained in vivo upon IM injection, indicating that this approach may assist in the characterization of mRNA based vaccines.
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Schmid O, Jud C, Umehara Y, Mueller D, Bucholski A, Gruber F, Denk O, Egle R, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Biokinetics of Aerosolized Liposomal Ciclosporin A in Human Lung Cells In Vitro Using an Air-Liquid Cell Interface Exposure System. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2017; 30:411-424. [PMID: 28683218 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2016.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalation of aerosolized drugs is a promising route for noninvasive targeted drug delivery to the lung. Nanocarrier systems such as liposomes have been explored for inhalation therapy opening new avenues, including stabilization of nonsoluble drugs (e.g., Ciclosporin A [CsA]) and controlled release. METHODS The biokinetic behavior of the immunosuppressive drug CsA encapsulated in liposomes (L-CsA) at the lung epithelial barrier was studied in vitro. Human lung epithelial cells (alveolar A549 and bronchial 16HBE14o- epithelial cells) were exposed to aerosolized L-CsA at the air-liquid interface (ALI) using a dose-controlled air-liquid interface cell exposure (ALICE) system and the temporal profile of the L-CsA dose in the apical, basal, and cell compartment was monitored up to 24 hours. RESULTS Aerosolization of different volumes of L-CsA solution with the ALICE resulted in dose-controlled, spatially uniform, and reproducible L-CsA delivery. Cell viability at 24 hours postexposure was not impaired and immunofluorescence staining revealed the typical epithelial cell morphology in control as well as in L-CsA-exposed cells. The (pro-)inflammatory interleukin-8 levels were not elevated under any condition. The biokinetic analysis revealed that both cell types formed a tight, but imperfect, barrier for L-CsA resulting in initially high transbarrier L-CsA transport rates, which ceased after about 4 hours. Although substantial transbarrier L-CsA transport was observed for both cell types, respectively, a 150-fold higher L-CsA concentration was established in the apical and cell compared to the basal compartment. Most importantly, for pulmonary drug targeting, a high cellular L-CsA dose level (20%-25% of the delivered dose) was obtained rapidly (<1 hour) and maintained for at least 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS The ALICE system combined with lung epithelial cells cultured at the ALI offers a reliable and relevant in vitro platform technology to study the effects of inhalable substances such as L-CsA under biomimetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otmar Schmid
- 1 Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Munich, Germany .,2 Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Corinne Jud
- 3 BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yuki Umehara
- 3 BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- 3 BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
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20
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Karimi K, Pallagi E, Szabó-Révész P, Csóka I, Ambrus R. Development of a microparticle-based dry powder inhalation formulation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride applying the quality by design approach. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:3331-3343. [PMID: 27784991 PMCID: PMC5066849 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s116443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary drug delivery of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride offers effective local antibacterial activity and convenience of easy application. Spray drying is a trustworthy technique for the production of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride microparticles. Quality by design (QbD), an up-to-date regulatory-based quality management method, was used to predict the final quality of the product. According to the QbD-based theoretical preliminary parameter ranking and priority classification, dry powder inhalation formulation tests were successfully performed in practice. When focusing on the critical parameters, the practical development was more effective and was in correlation with our previous findings. Spray drying produced spherical microparticles. The dry powder formulations prepared were examined by particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and in vitro drug release and aerodynamic particle size analyses were also performed. These formulations showed an appropriate particle size ranging between 2 and 4 μm and displayed an enhanced aerosol performance with fine particle fraction up to 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyhaneh Karimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edina Pallagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Piroska Szabó-Révész
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Csóka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Chen L, Okuda T, Lu XY, Chan HK. Amorphous powders for inhalation drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 100:102-15. [PMID: 26780404 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
For inhalation drug delivery, amorphous powder formulations offer the benefits of increased bioavailability for poorly soluble drugs, improved biochemical stability for biologics, and expanded options of using various drugs and their combinations. However, amorphous formulations usually have poor physicochemical stability. This review focuses on inhalable amorphous powders, including the production methods, the active pharmaceutical ingredients and the excipients with a highlight on stabilization of the particles.
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Elsayed I, AbouGhaly MHH. Inhalable nanocomposite microparticles: preparation, characterization and factors affecting formulation. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:207-22. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Kadota K, Nishimura T, Hotta D, Tozuka Y. Preparation of composite particles of hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs with highly branched cyclic dextrin via spray drying for dry powder inhalers. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Sugianto TD, Chan HK. Inhaled antibiotics in the treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: clinical and drug delivery perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:7-22. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1078309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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25
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Dimer F, de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz C, Haupenthal J, Hartmann R, Lehr CM. Inhalable Clarithromycin Microparticles for Treatment of Respiratory Infections. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3850-61. [PMID: 26113237 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to develop clarithromycin microparticles (CLARI-MP) and evaluate their aerodynamic behavior, safety in bronchial cells and anti-bacterial efficacy. METHODS Microparticles containing clarithromycin were prepared as dry powder carrier for inhalation, using leucine and chitosan. CLARI-MP were deposited on Calu-3 grown at air-interface condition, using the pharmaceutical aerosol deposition device on cell cultures (PADDOCC). Deposition efficacy, transport across the cells and cytotoxicity were determined. Anti-antibacterial effect was evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. RESULTS Microparticles were of spherical shape, smooth surface and size of about 765 nm. Aerosolization performance showed a fine particle fraction (FPF) of 73.3%, and a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 1.8 μm. Deposition on Calu-3 cells using the PADDOCC showed that 8.7 μg/cm(2) of deposited powder were transported to the basolateral compartment after 24 h. The safety of this formulation is supported by the integrity of the cellular epithelial barrier and absence of toxicity, and the antimicrobial activity demonstrated for Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. CONCLUSIONS The appropriate aerodynamic properties and the excellent deposition on Calu-3 cells indicate that clarithromycin microparticles are suitable for administration via pulmonary route and are efficient to inhibit bacteria proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantiescoli Dimer
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Cristiane de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Department of Drug Development and Optimization (DDOP), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Hartmann
- Department of Drug Development and Optimization (DDOP), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Campus C2.3, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany. .,Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany.
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Antoniu S. Novel inhaled combined antibiotic formulations in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa airways infections in cystic fibrosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:897-905. [PMID: 25921312 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1041925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis, chronic airways infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be treated with inhaled antibiotics such as inhaled tobramycin, aztreonam or colistin. However, biofilm formation induced by this bacterium can reduce the effectiveness of such therapies and can contribute to antibiotic resistance. Inhaled antibiotic combination might represent an optimal antibiofilm strategy in this setting. This review discusses the rationale for combining the antibiotics as well as some emerging or existing combinations. Most of the combinations except for fosfomycin/tobramycin are at an early stage of development. The latter combination was found to be effective in Phase II clinical studies and is planned to be tested in Phase III trials. The clinical data on long-term efficacy are currently missing, but the existing evidence as well as the unmet therapeutic need can prompt the further evaluation of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Antoniu
- Department of Interdisciplinary - Palliative Care Nursing, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T Popa Iasi, Romania, 16 Universităţii Str, Iasi, 700115
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Siekmeier R, Hofmann T, Scheuch G. Inhalation of macrolides: a novel approach to treatment of pulmonary infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 839:13-24. [PMID: 25252902 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2014_50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Systemic antibiotic treatment is established for many pulmonary diseases, e.g., cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) where recurrent bacterial infections cause a progressive decline in lung function. In the last decades inhalative administration of antibiotics was introduced into clinical routine, especially tobramycin, colistin, and aztreonam for treatment of CF and bronchiectasis. Even though they are important in systemic treatment of these diseases due to their antimicrobial spectrum and anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, macrolides (e.g., azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, and telithromycin) up to now are not administered by inhalation. The number of in vitro aerosol studies and in vivo inhalation studies is also sparse. We analyzed publications on preparation and administration of macrolide aerosols available in PUBMED focusing on recent publications. Studies with solutions and dry powder aerosols were published. Publications investigating physicochemical properties of aerosols demonstrated that macrolide aerosols may serve for inhalation and will achieve sufficient lung deposition and that the bitter taste can be masked. In vivo studies in rats demonstrated high concentrations and areas under the curve sufficient for antimicrobial treatment in alveolar macrophages and epithelial lining fluid without lung toxicity. The obtained data demonstrate the feasibility of macrolide inhalation which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Siekmeier
- Drug Regulatory Affairs, Pharmaceutical Institute, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany,
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28
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Drug/polymer nanoparticles prepared using unique spray nozzles and recent progress of inhaled formulation. Asian J Pharm Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary drug delivery: a review. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5852-73. [PMID: 24717409 PMCID: PMC4013600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal drug delivery systems have been extensively investigated as drug carriers for the application of different drugs via different routes of administration. Systems, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes, have been investigated for a long time for the treatment of various lung diseases. The pulmonary route, owing to a noninvasive method of drug administration, for both local and systemic delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) forms an ideal environment for APIs acting on pulmonary diseases and disorders. Additionally, this route offers many advantages, such as a high surface area with rapid absorption due to high vascularization and circumvention of the first pass effect. Aerosolization or inhalation of colloidal systems is currently being extensively studied and has huge potential for targeted drug delivery in the treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, the surfactant-associated proteins present at the interface enhance the effect of these formulations by decreasing the surface tension and allowing the maximum effect. The most challenging part of developing a colloidal system for nebulization is to maintain the critical physicochemical parameters for successful inhalation. The following review focuses on the current status of different colloidal systems available for the treatment of various lung disorders along with their characterization. Additionally, different in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo cell models developed for the testing of these systems with studies involving cell culture analysis are also discussed.
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Abstract
Nonadherence to inhaled therapies is a major problem in the treatment of cystic fibrosis that can influence lung function and health outcomes. Potential contributors to nonadherence have been identified, including demographic and psychosocial factors, time and convenience of inhaled therapy, and treatment beliefs. Additional research is clearly needed to clarify the contributors and to determine which interventions and technological advances will enhance adherence to inhaled therapies in patients with cystic fibrosis. Nurses and allied health professionals are ideally positioned to assist patients and families with adherence to inhaled therapies through monitoring, communication, and education about the available therapies and their proper use. This review briefly summarizes the available evidence about contributors to nonadherence, potential interventions, novel delivery devices for inhaled therapies, and opportunities for additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lomas
- Nurse Coordinator, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ 07962, USA
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32
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Clay PG. Treatments for cystic fibrosis, increasing solubility and bioavailability, and influenza vaccination dosage. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2014; 53:448. [PMID: 23892822 DOI: 10.1331/japha.2013.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Clay
- College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas System, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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