Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in rabbits pretreated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an interaction study

A selective dual quenching sensor (EY/BG@CDs) for simultaneous monitoring of gentamicin and ketorolac levels in plasma: a highly efficient platform that caters to the needs of therapeutic drug monitoring

This research work introduces a novel sensor that utilizes two fluorophores to enable simultaneous monitoring of gentamicin sulphate (GNT) and ketorolac tromethamine (KET). The innovative sensor is composed of carbon dots (CDs) derived from black grapes (BG) and eosin Y (EY) dye. The interaction between the studied drugs and EY/BG@CDs sensor components allows for their simultaneous detection where GNT quenches the fluorescence of EY at 535 nm without affecting the fluorescence of CDs, while KET quenches the fluorescence of BG@CDs at 385 nm without impacting EY fluorescence. The BG@CDs probe was successfully characterized using various techniques such as absorption spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, TEM imaging, infrared spectroscopic analysis, and XRD analysis. The suggested methodology was observed to be highly sensitive for the simultaneous determination of GNT and KET in their spiked rabbit plasma samples, with wide linear ranges and low limit of detection (LOD) values. The studied drugs were extracted using a highly selective extraction method involving protein precipitation followed by mixed mode solid phase extraction using an Oasis WCX cartridge. The simultaneous determination of GNT and KET is essential due to the potential interactions between the studied drugs. Therefore, this analysis can be used to evaluate the necessity of dose monitoring and the potential adverse effects of co-administration of these drugs.

Pharmacokinetic profile of chitosan modified poly lactic co-glycolic acid biodegradable nanoparticles following oral delivery of gentamicin in rabbits

Gentamicin (GM) is a well know antibiotic and drug of choice for various infections and is available in the form of parenteral and topical formulations. Gentamicin has no oral dosage form due to its enzymatic degradation and poor bioavailability. This study was designed to optimize controlled release oral dosage form of GM using poly lactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) which were surface modified with chitosan. Nanoparticles were characterized for size, potential, scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Drug concentration in plasma samples was determined by microbiological assay against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 9372). In vitro release pattern was studied and the best formulation was administered to healthy rabbits for pharmacokinetic studies. Various pharmacokinetic parameters determined for oral formulation were area under the curve (AUC) 43.2 ± 2.16 h.mg/L, volume of distribution (Vd) 1.54 ± 0.25 L, half-life phase-1 (t_1/2α) 0.59 ± 0.12 h, mean residence time (MRT) 11.22 ± 0.42 h, time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) 2.56 ± 0.09 h and maximum concentration (Cmax) was 3.49 ± 0.10 mg/L. It is concluded that chitosan modified GM loaded PLGA NPs has potential for oral absorption and can be used for achieving therapeutic benefits.

Dot-ELISA for the rapid detection of gentamicin in milk

A dipstick dot-ELISA for the detection of gentamicin in milk of dairy cattle is reported for the first time. The test is based on a sandwich ELISA using high affinity monoclonal antibodies to gentamicin. Antibodies were adsorbed to nitrocellulose filters, blocked, dried, and stored for several weeks before use. The dipstick ELISA detected gentamicin at a concentration of 0.1 microgram/ml and produced strongly positive results at 0.2 microgram-0.3 microgram/ml. This ELISA is highly specific and no false positives were detected when tested against various aminoglycoside analogs including streptomycin, kanamycin, bekanamycin, amikacin, neomycin, and tobramycin. Further, the elimination in cow milk of gentamicin residues following intramammary administration of the drug was studied in two dairy cattle using dot-ELISA. Milk gentamicin levels were detected at post injection hours up to 120 hr in each of the two dairy cattle. It therefore, appears that gentamicin residues can still be detected in milk after 5 days using dot-ELISA. Based on the simplicity of performance and the economical nature of the test system, dipstick is recommended as a suitable method for wide scale use in field studies and diagnostic laboratories.