1
|
Kaeswurm JAH, Sempio R, Manca F, Burandt MR, Buchweitz M. Analyzing Bioaccessibility of Polyphenols in Six Commercial and Six Traditional Apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) during In Vitro and Ex Vivo Oral Digestion. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300055. [PMID: 37726237 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Apples are an important polyphenol (PP) source. To compare the health benefits of traditional and commercial varieties, the phenolic contents and profiles as well as their release from the matrix (bioaccessibility) during oral digestion are determined. Furthermore, based on these data the proposed beneficial effect of PP on the variety specific allergenicity is discussed. METHODS AND RESULTS Phenolics are quantified by HPLC-DAD. Total phenolic contents (TPC) are in the range of 111-645 and 343-1950 mg 100 g-1 dry weight for flesh and peel, respectively. Matrix release during oral digestion is investigated ex vivo, with centrifuged and non-centrifuged human saliva and in vitro with simulated saliva fluid (SSF). The overall bioaccessibility is similar in all digestion media, ranging between 40-80% and 39-65% of the TPC in flesh and peel, respectively. Analyzing the correlation among Mal-d 1-allergen-content, unoxidized PP, and the allergenic potential for the samples reveals a negligible effect of phenolics. CONCLUSION Due to higher phenolic contents in combination with a similar release, increased PP concentrations in the oral phase and an improved uptake of PP from traditional varieties are assumed. However, the proposed beneficial effect of phenolics on allergenicity cannot be confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Anna Helene Kaeswurm
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Sempio
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Federica Manca
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Melanie Regina Burandt
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Buchweitz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaeswurm JAH, Neuwald DA, Straub LV, Buchweitz M. Impact of Cultivation and Storage Conditions on Total Mal d 1 Content and Isoallergen Profile in Apples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12975-12985. [PMID: 37625125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The allergen Mal d 1 is often responsible for adverse allergic reactions to fresh apples in northern and central Europe. The Mal d 1 content and isoallergen profile are proposed to have an impact on the allergenic potential of the fruit. Therefore, we investigated the impact of the cropping system on the Mal d 1 content and the isoallergen profile of apples by mass spectrometry for the varieties 'Jonagored' and 'Topaz'. To monitor the impact of storage time and conditions, apples of the varieties 'Santana' and 'Jonagold' were stored for up to 12 weeks under regular air (RA), under RA in combination with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, and under a controlled atmosphere (CA). The impact of the cropping system (integrated production vs organic production) was negligible. However, a significant increase in the Mal d 1 content during storage was observed, being higher when stored under CA conditions than under RA conditions. An additional treatment with 1-MCP prior to RA storage drastically reduced the level of Mal d 1 expression in the flesh of the apples by ∼50%. Furthermore, the content of isoallergens 1.03 and 1.06 increased disproportionately under CA conditions, while under RA conditions, only isoallergen 1.06 was affected. With the 1-MCP treatment, no changes in the isoallergen profile were obvious.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia A H Kaeswurm
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel A Neuwald
- Lake of Constance Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (KOB), Schuhmacherhof 6, 88213 Ravensburg, Germany
| | - Leonie V Straub
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Lake of Constance Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (KOB), Schuhmacherhof 6, 88213 Ravensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Buchweitz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Unterhauser J, Ahammer L, Rainer T, Eidelpes R, Führer S, Nothegger B, Covaciu CE, Cova V, Kamenik AS, Liedl KR, Müller T, Breuker K, Eisendle K, Reider N, Letschka T, Tollinger M. Covalent polyphenol modification of a reactive cysteine in the major apple allergen Mal d 1. Food Chem 2023; 410:135374. [PMID: 36608553 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring polyphenols can modify the molecular properties of food allergens. For the major apple allergen Mal d 1 it has been postulated that chemical reactions with polyphenols cause permanent changes in the tertiary structure, causing a loss of conformational IgE epitopes and reducing allergenicity. In our study, we investigated the effect that reactions with oxidized polyphenols have on the structure of Mal d 1 by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. We showed that a surface-exposed cysteine residue in this allergen spontaneously reacts with oxidized polyphenols under formation of a defined covalent adduct. Chemical modification of Mal d 1 did not destabilize or perturb the three-dimensional fold, nor did it interfere with ligand binding to its internal pocket. A structural model of the chemically modified apple allergen is presented, which reveals that the bound polyphenol partially covers a conformational IgE epitope on the protein surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Unterhauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Linda Ahammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias Rainer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reiner Eidelpes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Führer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Nothegger
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia E Covaciu
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Valentina Cova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora/Auer, Italy
| | - Anna S Kamenik
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Breuker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Eisendle
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Norbert Reider
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Letschka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora/Auer, Italy.
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Strobl MR, Vollmann U, Eckl-Dorna J, Radakovics A, Ibl V, Schnurer M, Brenner M, Dermendjiev G, Weckwerth W, Neumüller M, Frommlet F, Demir H, Bublin M, Müller C, Bohle B. Identification of apple cultivars hypoallergenic for birch pollen-allergic individuals by a multidisciplinary in vitro and in vivo approach. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12186. [PMID: 36036236 PMCID: PMC9412969 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birch pollen-related apple allergy is the most frequent IgE-mediated food allergy in Central-Northern Europe with Mal d 1 as major allergen. Its concentration in apples varies with the cultivar and storage time. Year-round appealing, hypoallergenic cultivars still are needed to satisfy the nutritional needs of affected individuals. We characterized three promising cultivars by multidisciplinary in vitro assays including long-term storage and by clinical challenges of allergic individuals before and after the birch pollen season. METHODS Proteins were extracted from fruits of 'Santana', 'Golden Delicious' (GD), and three genuine cultivars in November 2018 and April 2019. Mal d 1-levels were analysed by mass spectrometry, SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, competitive ELISA, and basophil activation tests. Twenty-eight allergic individuals underwent single-blinded open food challenges and skin testing with the cultivars and birch pollen in November 2018 and May 2019. Allergen-specific IgE-levels were determined. RESULTS After storage all cultivars except 'Santana' were of appealing appearance and taste. Their Mal d 1 content had increased, also reflected by significantly amplified basophil activation and stronger reactions in clinical challenges. Besides, individuals showed boosted reactivity after pollen exposure indicated by enhanced allergen-specific IgE-levels and skin reactions to birch pollen. Still, all cultivars remained significantly less allergenic than GD and comparable to Santana in November 2018 in all assessments except for skin testing. CONCLUSIONS Combined expertise in pomology and allergology identified promising new cultivars for allergic consumers. The evaluation of hypoallergenic apples should incorporate long-term storage and birch pollen exposure. Basophil activation tests may be suitable in the selection of promising cultivars for oral challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Strobl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Ute Vollmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Radakovics
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Verena Ibl
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Madeleine Schnurer
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Brenner
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georgi Dermendjiev
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Neumüller
- Bavarian Centre of Pomology and Fruit Breeding, Hallbergmoos, Germany
| | - Florian Frommlet
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Medical Statistics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hilal Demir
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Merima Bublin
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Siekierzynska A, Piasecka‐Kwiatkowska D, Myszka A, Burzynska M, Sozanska B, Sozanski T. Apple allergy: Causes and factors influencing fruits allergenic properties-Review. Clin Transl Allergy 2021; 11:e12032. [PMID: 34123364 PMCID: PMC8171779 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apple tree fruits (Malus × domestica Borkh.) are a rich source of nutrients and nutraceuticals and are recommended as a part of the healthy, staple diet. However, apples could be also the cause of allergies including severe reactions. Allergies to fruits like apples are predominantly associated with pollinosis. In North and Central Europe, sensitisation to apples is caused mainly by cross-reactive birch pollen aeroallergen, whereas in the Mediterranean area of Europe, apple allergy is mostly associated with allergies to peach. The allergenicity of apples differ across cultivars but only a few varieties were studied. Some factors changing apples allergenicity were identified, including unmodifiable and potentially modifiable factors for example cultivation method, ripening stage and storage conditions. AIM This review presents current knowledge about the molecular basis of apple allergenicity and factors influencing its level. CONCLUSIONS Selecting cultivars with low potential of allergenicity, removing apple peel and heat treatment could reduce the risk of severe allergy reaction incidence and presumably can be used in birch pollen immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Siekierzynska
- Department of Physiology and Plant BiotechnologyInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of RzeszowRzeszowPoland
| | | | | | - Marta Burzynska
- Department of Food Biochemistry and AnalysisPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Barbara Sozanska
- 1st Department of Pediatric Allergology and CardiologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
| | - Tomasz Sozanski
- Department of PharmacologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Selenium biofortification of different varieties of apples (Malus domestica) - Influence on protein content and the allergenic proteins Mal d 1 and Mal d 3. Food Chem 2021; 362:130134. [PMID: 34087709 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As allergy towards apples is widespread, the evaluation of various cultivation and postharvest influences on the allergenic potential is of great importance. Therefore, the analysis of the Mal d 1 content was the focus of this study, originally dealing with investigating the influence of a selenium biofortification on apple quality. The Mal d 1 content of apples was in most cases reduced when the fruits were biofortified with selenium. Apple variety and climatic conditions were identified as further influencing factors for the Mal d 1 content of the fruits. The separate analysis of the peel and the fruit flesh showed that the content of Mal d 1 in the fruit flesh was significantly lower in the biofortified samples than in the controls. In conclusion, the results indicate that the selenium biofortification of apples and biochemical mechanism behind can reduce the allergenic potential regarding the content of Mal d 1.
Collapse
|
7
|
Groth S, Budke C, Weber T, Neugart S, Brockmann S, Holz M, Sawadski BC, Daum D, Rohn S. Relationship between Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Properties, and the Allergenic Protein Mal d 1 in Different Selenium-Biofortified Apple Cultivars ( Malus domestica). Molecules 2021; 26:2647. [PMID: 33946582 PMCID: PMC8124677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Notable parts of the population in Europe suffer from allergies towards apples. To address this health problem, the analysis of the interactions of relevant allergens with other substances such as phenolic compounds is of particular importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the total phenolic content (TPC), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, antioxidant activity (AOA), and the phenolic compound profile and the content of the allergenic protein Mal d 1 in six apple cultivars. It was found that the PPO activity and the content of individual phenolic compounds had an influence on the Mal d 1 content. With regard to the important constituents, flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids, it was found that apples with a higher content of chlorogenic acid and a low content of procyanidin trimers and/or epicatechin had a lower allergenic potential. This is probably based on the reaction of phenolic compounds (when oxidized by the endogenous PPO) with proteins, thus being able to change the conformation of the (allergenic) proteins, which further corresponds to a loss of antibody recognition. When apples were additionally biofortified with selenium, the composition of the apples, with regard to TPC, phenolic profile, AOA, and PPO, was significantly affected. Consequently, this innovative agronomic practice seems to be promising for reducing the allergenic potential of apples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Groth
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (S.G.); (S.B.); (M.H.); (B.C.S.)
| | - Christoph Budke
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (C.B.); (T.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Timo Weber
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (C.B.); (T.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Department of Crop Sciences, Division Quality and Sensory of Plant Products, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Sven Brockmann
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (S.G.); (S.B.); (M.H.); (B.C.S.)
| | - Martina Holz
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (S.G.); (S.B.); (M.H.); (B.C.S.)
| | - Bao Chau Sawadski
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (S.G.); (S.B.); (M.H.); (B.C.S.)
| | - Diemo Daum
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (C.B.); (T.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (S.G.); (S.B.); (M.H.); (B.C.S.)
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-1, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nothegger B, Reider N, Covaciu CE, Cova V, Ahammer L, Eidelpes R, Unterhauser J, Platzgummer S, Raffeiner E, Tollinger M, Letschka T, Eisendle K. Oral birch pollen immunotherapy with apples: Results of a phase II clinical pilot study. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:503-511. [PMID: 33621436 PMCID: PMC8127540 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seventy percent of patients suffering from birch pollen allergy (BPA) develop a pollen-related food allergy (prFA), especially to apples, due to a clinically relevant cross-reactivity between the major allergen in birch Bet v 1 and Mal d 1 in apples. Therefore allergen-specific immunotherapy with fresh apples (AITA) could be a promising natural treatment of both BPA and prFA. OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy by daily apple consumption for patients with BPA and prFA. METHODS A daily defined increasing amount of selected cultivars (Red Moon®, Pink Lady®, Topaz, Golden Delicious) was continuously consumed by 16 patients (12 female; median age; 50; range, 23-68 years), leading to increased intake of allergen over a period of at least 8 months. Specific IgE and IgG4 to Bet v 1 and Mal d 1, conjunctival and oral provocation tests, skin reactivity, and the average daily rhinoconjunctivitis combined symptom and medication score (CSMS) were measured during the peak birch pollen season. RESULTS After 8 months of therapy, patients showed increased tolerance to apples (p < .001) and a decreased skin reactivity to apples. Oral allergy syndrome to other birch prFA than apple also decreased (p < .05). Moreover, daily rhinoconjunctivitis CSMS declined by 34% (p < .001), as did conjunctival reactivity to birch pollen extract by 27% (p < .01), while specific IgG4 to Mal d 1 and Bet v 1 increased (p < .01).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Nothegger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Norbert Reider
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia E Covaciu
- Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Valentina Cova
- Department of Applied Genomics and Molecular Biology, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora, Italy
| | - Linda Ahammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reiner Eidelpes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jana Unterhauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Platzgummer
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Tappeiner Hospital, Meran, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Raffeiner
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Tappeiner Hospital, Meran, Italy
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Letschka
- Department of Applied Genomics and Molecular Biology, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora, Italy
| | - Klaus Eisendle
- Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
- IMREST Interdisciplinary Medical Research Center South Tyrol, Claudiana College of Health-Care Professions, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tiered approach for the identification of Mal d 1 reduced, well tolerated apple genotypes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9144. [PMID: 32499528 PMCID: PMC7272412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A rising proportion of the world population suffers from food-related allergies, including incompatibilities to apples. Although several allergenic proteins have been found in apples, the most important proteins that cause allergic reactions to apples in Central-Northern Europe, and North America are the Mal d 1 proteins, which are homologues of the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. As the demand for hypoallergenic fruits is constantly increasing, we selected apple genotypes with a low total content of Mal d 1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis from segregating populations and tested the tolerability of these fruits through a human provocation study. This tiered approach, which exploited the natural diversity of apples, led to the identification of fruits, which were tolerated by allergic patients. In addition, we found a significant correlation (coefficient >0.76) between the total Mal d 1 content and flavan-3-ol amount and show that the isoform composition of the Mal d 1 proteins, which was determined by LC-MS/MS has a decisive effect on the tolerability of apple genotypes. The approach presented can be applied to other types of fruit and to other allergenic proteins. Therefore, the strategy can be used to reduce the allergen content of other plant foods, thereby improving food safety for allergy subjects.
Collapse
|
10
|
Reim S, Rohr AD, Winkelmann T, Weiß S, Liu B, Beerhues L, Schmitz M, Hanke MV, Flachowsky H. Genes Involved in Stress Response and Especially in Phytoalexin Biosynthesis Are Upregulated in Four Malus Genotypes in Response to Apple Replant Disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1724. [PMID: 32180775 PMCID: PMC7059805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD) is a soil-borne disease, which is of particular importance for fruit tree nurseries and fruit growers. The disease manifests by a poor vegetative development, stunted growth, and reduced yield in terms of quantity and quality, if apple plants (usually rootstocks) are replanted several times at the same site. Genotype-specific differences in the reaction of apple plants to ARD are documented, but less is known about the genetic mechanisms behind this symptomatology. Recent transcriptome analyses resulted in a number of candidate genes possibly involved in the plant response. In the present study, the expression of 108 selected candidate genes was investigated in root and leaf tissue of four different apple genotypes grown in untreated ARD soil and ARD soil disinfected by γ-irradiation originating from two different sites in Germany. Thirty-nine out of the 108 candidate genes were differentially expressed in roots by taking a p-value of < 0.05 and a fold change of > 1.5 as cutoff. Sixteen genes were more than 4.5-fold upregulated in roots of plants grown in ARD soil. The four genes MNL2 (putative mannosidase); ALF5 (multi antimicrobial extrusion protein); UGT73B4 (uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferase 73B4), and ECHI (chitin-binding) were significantly upregulated in roots. These genes seem to be related to the host plant response to ARD, although they have never been described in this context before. Six of the highly upregulated genes belong to the phytoalexin biosynthesis pathway. Their genotype-specific gene expression pattern was consistent with the phytoalexin content measured in roots. The biphenyl synthase (BIS) genes were found to be useful as early biomarkers for ARD, because their expression pattern correlated well with the phenotypic reaction of the Malus genotypes investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Reim
- Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annmarie-Deetja Rohr
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology Section, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Traud Winkelmann
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology Section, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Traud Winkelmann,
| | - Stefan Weiß
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology Section, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Benye Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ludger Beerhues
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michaela Schmitz
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Magda-Viola Hanke
- Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henryk Flachowsky
- Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lyons SA, Dijk AMV, Knulst AC, Alquati E, Le TM, Os-Medendorp HV. Dietary Interventions in Pollen-Related Food Allergy. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101520. [PMID: 30332840 PMCID: PMC6213550 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In practice, it remains unclear what the best dietary approach is in subjects with pollen-related food allergy (PRFA). Our objective was to evaluate the effect of (1) dietary avoidance advice, (2) oral immunotherapy (OIT), (3) (heat) processing, and (4) consumption of hypoallergenic cultivars on frequency, severity, and eliciting dose of pollen-related food allergic reactions. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. All studies performing an in vivo investigation of one of the four interventions in adults with PRFA were included. Each study was assessed for quality and validity. Available data on frequency, severity, and eliciting dose of allergic reactions were extracted. Ten studies matched the eligibility criteria. No studies were retrieved on dietary avoidance advice. Two studies (N = 92) on apple OIT reported that tolerance was induced in 63% and 81% of subjects. Four studies (total N = 116) focused on heat processing. Heating was found to completely eradicate symptoms in 15–71% of hazelnut allergic and 46% of celery allergic individuals. Four studies (N = 60) comparing low to high allergenic apple cultivars revealed that Santana (and possibly Elise) apples seemed to cause milder reactions than Golden Delicious. In the awareness that overall level of evidence was low, we conclude that OIT, heat processing, and hypoallergenic cultivars may diminish or completely prevent allergic reactions in some but not all subjects with PRFA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Lyons
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Anne M van Dijk
- Department of Dietetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - André C Knulst
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eleonora Alquati
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Thuy-My Le
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Harmieke van Os-Medendorp
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Graziano S, Gullì M, Marmiroli N. Detection of allergen coding sequences of kiwi, peach, and apple in processed food by qPCR. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:3129-3139. [PMID: 29210450 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food traceability becomes lifesaving for persons suffering severe allergy or intolerance, and therefore need a complete avoidance of the immune-trigger food. This paper describes how to fingerprint the presence of some allergenic species (kiwi, peach, and apple) in foods by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS Five DNA extraction procedures were tested on fruits and foods. The results were statistically evaluated, and discussed. Analysis by qPCR with SYBR Green was developed to detect traces of these allergenic species in foods. Plasmids containing the target sequences of kiwi, peach and apple were employed as internal reference standard. Analysis of spiked food samples showed a limit of detection of 25 mg kg-1 for kiwi, 20 mg kg-1 for peach and 50 mg kg-1 for apple. CONCLUSION The qPCR method here developed, combined with the use of internal plasmid reference standard, represents a specific system for the quick detection of allergenic species in complex food matrices, with a limit of detection comparable with those reported using more time-consuming methods. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Graziano
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mariolina Gullì
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
|
15
|
Ahammer L, Grutsch S, Tollinger M. NMR resonance assignments of the major apple allergen Mal d 1. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2016; 10:287-90. [PMID: 27165578 PMCID: PMC5039217 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-016-9685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The major apple allergen Mal d 1 is the predominant cause of apple (Malus domestica) allergies in large parts of Europe and Northern America. Allergic reactions against this 17.5 kDa protein are the consequence of initial sensitization to the structurally homologous major allergen from birch pollen, Bet v 1. Consumption of apples can subsequently provoke immunologic cross-reactivity of Bet v 1-specific antibodies with Mal d 1 and trigger severe oral allergic syndroms, affecting more than 70 % of all individuals that are sensitized to birch pollen. While the accumulated immunological data suggest that Mal d 1 has a three-dimensional fold that is similar to Bet v 1, experimental structural data for this protein are not available to date. In a first step towards structural characterization of Mal d 1, backbone and side chain (1)H, (13)C and (15)N chemical shifts of the isoform Mal d 1.0101 were assigned. The NMR-chemical shift data show that this protein is composed of seven β-strands and three α-helices, which is in accordance with the reported secondary structure of the major birch pollen allergen, indicating that Mal d 1 and Bet v 1 indeed have similar three-dimensional folds. The next stage in the characterization of Mal d 1 will be to utilize these resonance assignments in solving the solution structure of this protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ahammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarina Grutsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Allergy to apple cultivars among patients with birch pollinosis and oral allergy syndrome. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 117:399-404. [PMID: 27593099 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is caused by cross-reacting allergens found in pollen, raw fruits, vegetables, and some tree nuts. The major apple allergen, Mal d 1, is a cause of food allergic reactions in birch pollen sensitized patients. OBJECTIVE To explore the allergenicity of the most popular and commonly consumed apple cultivars in Poland in patients with birch pollen allergy with or without OAS. METHODS Data were obtained from 46 adults with clinical symptoms of birch allergy and allergic rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the occurrence of OAS to apple. Skin prick tests (SPTs) were performed with pulp from the 11 most popular apple cultivars in Poland. Specific IgE (sIgE) to Bet v 1 was measured by radioallergosorbent test. RESULTS Patients with OAS had more positive responses to apple SPT vs patients without OAS (odds ratios, 4.8-11.96). Patients with OAS had distinctive responses to apple cultivars. Szara Reneta and Cortland induced positive responses in 50% and 83% of patients, respectively. Patients with OAS vs patients without OAS who were allergic to apples vs nonallergic had 2-fold (P = .008) and 7-fold (P = .03) higher blood concentrations of sIgE Bet v 1, respectively. There were different profiles of correlations of sIgE Bet v 1 with wheal diameter for low and high allergenic cultivars in patients without and with OAS. CONCLUSION We noted a substantial role for Bet v 1 sensitization in the allergic response based on evaluation of the allergenicity of 11 apple cultivars. The sIgE Bet v 1 and SPT results of patients with and without OAS allowed differentiation between low and high allergenic cultivars.
Collapse
|