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Agbodjato NA, Babalola OO. Promoting sustainable agriculture by exploiting plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to improve maize and cowpea crops. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16836. [PMID: 38638155 PMCID: PMC11025545 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Maize and cowpea are among the staple foods most consumed by most of the African population, and are of significant importance in food security, crop diversification, biodiversity preservation, and livelihoods. In order to satisfy the growing demand for agricultural products, fertilizers and pesticides have been extensively used to increase yields and protect plants against pathogens. However, the excessive use of these chemicals has harmful consequences on the environment and also on public health. These include soil acidification, loss of biodiversity, groundwater pollution, reduced soil fertility, contamination of crops by heavy metals, etc. Therefore, essential to find alternatives to promote sustainable agriculture and ensure the food and well-being of the people. Among these alternatives, agricultural techniques that offer sustainable, environmentally friendly solutions that reduce or eliminate the excessive use of agricultural inputs are increasingly attracting the attention of researchers. One such alternative is the use of beneficial soil microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR provides a variety of ecological services and can play an essential role as crop yield enhancers and biological control agents. They can promote root development in plants, increasing their capacity to absorb water and nutrients from the soil, increase stress tolerance, reduce disease and promote root development. Previous research has highlighted the benefits of using PGPRs to increase agricultural productivity. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms of action of PGPRs and their exploitation as biofertilizers would present a promising prospect for increasing agricultural production, particularly in maize and cowpea, and for ensuring sustainable and prosperous agriculture, while contributing to food security and reducing the impact of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on the environment. Looking ahead, PGPR research should continue to deepen our understanding of these microorganisms and their impact on crops, with a view to constantly improving sustainable agricultural practices. On the other hand, farmers and agricultural industry players need to be made aware of the benefits of PGPRs and encouraged to adopt them to promote sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Adoukè Agbodjato
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng, North West, South Africa
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie (LBTMM), Département de Biochimie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng, North West, South Africa
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Choi YM, Yoon H, Shin MJ, Lee S, Yi J, Jeon YA, Wang X, Desta KT. Multivariate Analysis of Biochemical Properties Reveals Diversity among Yardlong Beans of Different Origins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:463. [PMID: 38671911 PMCID: PMC11047418 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the nutrient levels, secondary metabolite contents, and antioxidant activities of 35 yardlong bean accessions from China, Korea, Myanmar, and Thailand, along with their key agronomic traits. Significant variations were found in all the parameters analyzed (p < 0.05). The crude fiber (CFC), dietary fiber (DFC), total protein, and total fat contents varied from 4.10 to 6.51%, 16.71 to 23.49%, 22.45 to 28.11%, and 0.59 to 2.00%, respectively. HPLC analysis showed more than a 10-fold difference in vitamin C level (0.23 to 3.04 mg/g), whereas GC-FID analysis revealed the dominance of palmitic acid and linoleic acid. All accessions had high levels of total unsaturated fatty acids, which could help in preventing cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, total phenolic, tannin, and saponin contents ranged between 3.78 and 9.13 mg GAE/g, 31.20 and 778.34 mg CE/g, and 25.79 and 82.55 mg DE/g, respectively. Antioxidant activities like DPPH• scavenging, ABTS•+ scavenging, and reducing power (RP) ranged between 1.63 and 9.95 mg AAE/g, 6.51 and 21.21 mg TE/g, and 2.02, and 15.58 mg AAE/g, respectively. Days to flowering, total fat, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and TPC were significantly influenced by origin and genotype differences, while seeds per pod, one-hundred seeds weight, CFC, DFC, vitamin C, RP, and TSC were not affected by these factors. Multivariate analysis categorized the accessions into four clusters showing significant variations in most of the analyzed parameters. Correlation analysis also revealed significant relationships between several noteworthy parameters. Overall, this comprehensive analysis of biochemical factors revealed diversity among the different yardlong bean varieties. These findings could have practical applications in industries, breeding programs, and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Choi
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (Y.-M.C.)
| | - Hyemyeong Yoon
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (Y.-M.C.)
| | - Myoung-Jae Shin
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (Y.-M.C.)
| | - Sukyeung Lee
- International Technology Cooperation Center, Technology Cooperation Bureau, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyoon Yi
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (Y.-M.C.)
| | - Young-ah Jeon
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (Y.-M.C.)
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (Y.-M.C.)
| | - Kebede Taye Desta
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (Y.-M.C.)
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Assunção LS, Oliveira de Souza C, Shahidi F, Santos Oliveira T, Assis DDJ, Pereira Santos LF, Nunes IL, Machado BAS, Ferreira Ribeiro CD. Optimization and Characterization of Interspecific Hybrid Crude Palm Oil Unaué HIE OxG Nanoparticles with Vegetable By-Products as Encapsulants. Foods 2024; 13:523. [PMID: 38397500 PMCID: PMC10887919 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interspecific hybrid crude palm oil (HCPO) HIE OxG derived from crossbred African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and American Caiaué (Elaeis oleifera) is prominent for its fatty acid and antioxidant compositions (carotenoids, tocopherols, and tocotrienols), lower production cost, and high pest resistance properties compared to crude palm oil. Biodegradable and sustainable encapsulants derived from vegetable byproducts were used to formulate HCPO nanoparticles. Nanoparticles with hybrid crude palm oil and jackfruit seed flour as a wall material (N-JSF) and with hybrid crude palm oil and jackfruit axis flour as a wall material (N-JAF) were optimized using a 22 experimental design. They exhibited nanoscale diameters (<250 nm) and were characterized based on their zeta potential, apparent viscosity, pH, color, and total carotenoid content. The nanoparticles demonstrated a monodisperse distribution, good uniformity, and stability (polydispersity index < 0.25; zeta potentials: N-JSF -19.50 ± 1.47 mV and N-JAF -12.50 ± 0.17 mV), as well as high encapsulation efficiency (%) (N-JSF 86.44 ± 0.01 and N-JAF 90.43 ± 1.34) and an optimal carotenoid retention (>85%). These nanoparticles show potential for use as sustainable and clean-label HCPO alternatives in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Santos Assunção
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; (L.S.A.); (C.O.d.S.); (T.S.O.)
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; (L.S.A.); (C.O.d.S.); (T.S.O.)
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada;
| | - Tainara Santos Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; (L.S.A.); (C.O.d.S.); (T.S.O.)
| | - Denilson de Jesus Assis
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPEQ), Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, Brazil;
| | - Luis Fernandes Pereira Santos
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Basílio da Gama Street, Rua Basilio da Gama-w/n-Campus Canela, Salvador 40110-907, Brazil;
| | - Itaciara Larroza Nunes
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Admar Gonzaga Highway, 1346, Itacorubi, Florianópolis 88034-000, Brazil;
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical’s Formulations, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Advanced Health Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), National Service of Industrial Learning, University Center SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil;
| | - Camila Duarte Ferreira Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; (L.S.A.); (C.O.d.S.); (T.S.O.)
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Basílio da Gama Street, Rua Basilio da Gama-w/n-Campus Canela, Salvador 40110-907, Brazil;
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Sodedji KAF, Assogbadjo AE, Lee B, Kim HY. An Integrated Approach for Biofortification of Carotenoids in Cowpea for Human Nutrition and Health. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:412. [PMID: 38337945 PMCID: PMC10856932 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Stress-resilient and highly nutritious legume crops can alleviate the burden of malnutrition and food security globally. Here, we focused on cowpea, a legume grain widely grown and consumed in regions at a high risk of micronutrient deficiencies, and we discussed the past and present research on carotenoid biosynthesis, highlighting different knowledge gaps and prospects for increasing this micronutrient in various edible parts of the crop. The literature survey revealed that, although carotenoids are important micronutrients for human health and nutrition, like in many other pulses, the potential of carotenoid biofortification in cowpea is still underexploited. We found that there is, to some extent, progress in the quantification of this micronutrient in cowpea; however, the diversity in content in the edible parts of the crop, namely, grains, pods, sprouts, and leaves, among the existing cowpea genetic resources was uncovered. Based on the description of the different factors that can influence carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in cowpea, we anticipated that an integrated use of omics in breeding coupled with mutagenesis and genetic engineering in a plant factory system would help to achieve a timely and efficient increase in carotenoid content in cowpea for use in the food systems in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kpedetin Ariel Frejus Sodedji
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Non-Timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 05 BP 1752, Benin;
| | - Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo
- Non-Timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 05 BP 1752, Benin;
| | - Bokyung Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Verbeecke V, Custódio L, Strobbe S, Van Der Straeten D. The role of orphan crops in the transition to nutritional quality-oriented crop improvement. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108242. [PMID: 37640278 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is a persisting problem threatening global human health. Biofortification via metabolic engineering has been proposed as a cost-effective and short-term means to alleviate this burden. There has been a recent rise in the recognition of potential that underutilized, orphan crops can hold in decreasing malnutrition concerns. Here, we illustrate how orphan crops can serve as a medium to provide micronutrients to populations in need, whilst promoting and maintaining dietary diversity. We provide a roadmap, illustrating which aspects to be taken into consideration when evaluating orphan crops. Recent developments have shown successful biofortification via metabolic engineering in staple crops. This review provides guidance in the implementation of these successes to relevant orphan crop species, with a specific focus on the relevant micronutrients iron, zinc, provitamin A and folates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Verbeecke
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Custódio
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Strobbe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Krylova EА, Mikhailova AS, Zinchenko YN, Perchuk IN, Razgonova MP, Khlestkina EK, Burlyaeva MO. The Content of Anthocyanins in Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Seeds and Contribution of the MYB Gene Cluster to Their Coloration Pattern. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3624. [PMID: 37896090 PMCID: PMC10609810 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The intensively pigmented legumes belonging to Phaseolus and Vigna spp. are valued as an essential component of healthy nutrition due to their high content of flavonoids. In this context, we used the accessions of Vigna unguiculata with different colors of seed coats from the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources collection as the main object of this research. We applied confocal laser scanning microscopy, biochemical analysis, and wide in silico and molecular genetic analyses to study the main candidate genes for anthocyanin pigmentation within the MYB cluster on chromosome 5. We performed statistical data processing. The anthocyanin content ranged from 2.96 mg/100 g DW in reddish-brown-seeded cowpea accessions to 175.16 mg/100 g DW in black-seeded ones. Laser microscopy showed that the autofluorescence in cowpea seeds was mainly caused by phenolic compounds. The maximum fluorescence was observed in the seed coat, while its dark color, due to the highest level of red fluorescence, pointed to the presence of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins. Genes of the MYB cluster on chromosome 5 demonstrated a high homology and were segregated into a separate clade. However, amplification products were not obtained for all genes because of the truncation of some genes. Statistical analysis showed a clear correlation between the high content of anthocyanins in cowpea seeds and the presence of PCR products with primers Vigun05g0393-300-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina А. Krylova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B. Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.M.); (Y.N.Z.); (I.N.P.); (M.P.R.); (E.K.K.)
| | - Aleksandra S. Mikhailova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B. Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.M.); (Y.N.Z.); (I.N.P.); (M.P.R.); (E.K.K.)
| | - Yulia N. Zinchenko
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B. Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.M.); (Y.N.Z.); (I.N.P.); (M.P.R.); (E.K.K.)
| | - Irina N. Perchuk
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B. Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.M.); (Y.N.Z.); (I.N.P.); (M.P.R.); (E.K.K.)
| | - Mayya P. Razgonova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B. Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.M.); (Y.N.Z.); (I.N.P.); (M.P.R.); (E.K.K.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Settlement, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Elena K. Khlestkina
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B. Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.M.); (Y.N.Z.); (I.N.P.); (M.P.R.); (E.K.K.)
| | - Marina O. Burlyaeva
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B. Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.M.); (Y.N.Z.); (I.N.P.); (M.P.R.); (E.K.K.)
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Mubayiwa M, Machekano H, Chidawanyika F, Mvumi BM, Segaiso B, Nyamukondiwa C. Sub-optimal host plants have developmental and thermal fitness costs to the invasive fall armyworm. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1204278. [PMID: 38469519 PMCID: PMC10926449 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1204278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a global invasive pest of cereals. Although this pest uses maize and sorghum as its main hosts, it is associated with a wide range of host plants due to its polyphagous nature. Despite the FAW's polyphagy being widely reported in literature, few studies have investigated the effects of the non-preferred conditions or forms (e.g., drought-stressed forms) of this pest's hosts on its physiological and ecological fitness. Thus, the interactive effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on FAW fitness costs or benefits have not been specifically investigated. We therefore assessed the effects of host plant quality on the developmental rates and thermal tolerance of the FAW. Specifically, we reared FAW neonates on three hosts (maize, cowpeas, and pearl millet) under two treatments per host plant [unstressed (well watered) and stressed (water deprived)] until the adult stage. Larval growth rates and pupal weights were determined. Thermal tolerance traits viz critical thermal maxima (CTmax), critical thermal minima (CTmin), heat knockdown time (HKDT), chill-coma recovery time (CCRT), and supercooling points (SCPs) were measured for the emerging adults from each treatment. The results showed that suboptimal diets significantly prolonged the developmental time of FAW larvae and reduced their growth rates and ultimate body weights, but did not impair their full development. Suboptimal diets (comprising non-cereal plants and drought-stressed cereal plants) increased the number of larval instars to eight compared to six for optimal natural diets (unstressed maize and pearl millet). Apart from direct effects, in all cases, suboptimal diets significantly reduced the heat tolerance of FAWs, but their effect on cold tolerance was recorded only in select cases (e.g., SCP). These results suggest host plant effects on the physical and thermal fitness of FAW, indicating a considerable degree of resilience against multiple stressors. This pest's resilience can present major drawbacks to its cultural management using suboptimal hosts (in crop rotations or intercrops) through its ability to survive on most host plants despite their water stress condition and gains in thermal fitness. The fate of FAW population persistence under multivariate environmental stresses is therefore not entirely subject to prior environmental host plant history or quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macdonald Mubayiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Honest Machekano
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Plant Health Department, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Brighton M. Mvumi
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Bame Segaiso
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
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Moreira R, Nunes C, P. Pais I, Nobre Semedo J, Moreira J, Sofia Bagulho A, Pereira G, Manuela Veloso M, Scotti-Campos P. Are Portuguese Cowpea Genotypes Adapted to Drought? Phenological Development and Grain Quality Evaluation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040507. [PMID: 37106708 PMCID: PMC10135920 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Along with population growth, global climate change represents a critical threat to agricultural production, compromising the goal of achieving food and nutrition security for all. It is urgent to create sustainable and resilient agri-food systems capable of feeding the world without debilitating the planet. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) refers to pulses as a superfood, as one of the most nutritious crops with high health benefits. Considered to be low-cost, many can be produced in arid lands and have an extended shelf-life. Their cultivation helps reduce greenhouse gases and increases carbon sequestration, also improving soil fertility. Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is particularly drought tolerant, with a wide diversity of landraces adapted to different environments. Considering the importance of knowing and valuing the genetic variability of this species in Portugal, this study assessed the impact of drought on four landraces of cowpea (L1 to L4) from different regions of the country and a national commercial variety (CV) as a reference. The development and evaluation of morphological characteristics were monitored in response to terminal drought (imposed during the reproductive phase), and its effects were evaluated on the yield and quality of the produced grain, namely the weight of 100 grains, color, protein content, and soluble sugars. Under drought conditions, the landraces L1 and L2 showed early maturation as a strategy to avoid water deficit. Morphological alteration of the aerial part of the plants was evident in all genotypes, with a rapid reduction in the number of leaves and a reduction in the number of flowers and pods by between 44 and 72%. The parameters of grain quality, the weight of 100 grains, color, protein, and soluble sugars did not vary significantly, except for sugars of the raffinose family that is associated with the adaptive mechanisms of plants to drought. The performance and maintenance of the evaluated characteristics reflect the adaptation acquired in the past by exposure to the Mediterranean climate, highlighting the potential agronomic and genetic value, still little exploited, that could contribute to production stability, preserved nutritional value, and food safety under water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moreira
- Unidade de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P., Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cátia Nunes
- Unidade de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P., Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Isabel P. Pais
- Unidade de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P., Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Almada, Portugal
| | - José Nobre Semedo
- Unidade de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P., Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Almada, Portugal
| | - José Moreira
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P., Estrada Gil Vaz, Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Bagulho
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Almada, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P., Estrada Gil Vaz, Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Graça Pereira
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Almada, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P., Estrada Gil Vaz, Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Veloso
- Unidade de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P., Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula Scotti-Campos
- Unidade de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P., Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Almada, Portugal
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Lazaridi E, Bebeli PJ. Cowpea Constraints and Breeding in Europe. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1339. [PMID: 36987026 PMCID: PMC10052078 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a legume with a constant rate of cultivation in Southern European countries. Consumer demand for cowpea worldwide is rising due to its nutritional content, while Europe is constantly attempting to reduce the deficit in the production of pulses and invest in new, healthy food market products. Although the climatic conditions that prevail in Europe are not so harsh in terms of heat and drought as in the tropical climates where cowpea is mainly cultivated, cowpea confronts with a plethora of abiotic and biotic stresses and yield-limiting factors in Southern European countries. In this paper, we summarize the main constraints for cowpea cultivation in Europe and the breeding methods that have been or can be used. A special mention is made of the availability plant genetic resources (PGRs) and their potential for breeding purposes, aiming to promote more sustainable cropping systems as climatic shifts become more frequent and fiercer, and environmental degradation expands worldwide.
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10
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Current Consumption of Traditional Cowpea-Based Dishes in South Benin Contributes to at Least 30% of the Recommended Intake of Dietary Fibre, Folate, and Magnesium. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061314. [PMID: 36986047 PMCID: PMC10056862 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular consumption of legumes is recommended worldwide for its environmental and health benefits. Cowpea, the most frequently consumed pulse in West African countries, is rich in nutrients and health-promoting bioactive compounds. A one-week retrospective food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate the contribution of the cowpea-based dishes to the recommended nutrient intake (RNI), based on their consumption frequency, intake, and nutritional composition. Participants were 1217 adults (19–65 years) from three urban or rural areas in southern Benin. Out of all respondents, 98% reported that they usually consumed cowpea-based dishes. The mean consumption frequency was 0.1 to 2.4 times/week, depending on the type of cowpea-based dish. The mean amount consumed was 71 g and 58 g of seeds/adult/day in urban and rural areas respectively. The mean daily contribution of cowpea-based dishes to RNI was 15% for energy, 42% for fibre, 37% for magnesium, 30% for folate, 26% for protein, and just above 15% for zinc and potassium. Thus, such regular cowpea consumption should be maintained.
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11
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Prediction and Evaluation of Bioactive Properties of Cowpea Protein Hydrolysates. J Food Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/9095113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea protein hydrolysates were prepared using thermolysin, alcalase, and trypsin and analysed for bioactive properties, and then, the release of bioactive peptides was investigated in silico. It was found that the degree of hydrolysis reached 48% after 24 h hydrolysis with alcalase. The hydrolysate prepared using alcalase showed higher ACE inhibitory (62%) and DPPH scavenging activity (19%). SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that vignin was the major protein in cowpea protein isolate. In silico analysis indicated the presence of potential bioactive peptides with potent bioactivity in the primary structure of proteins. The 3D structure of proteins was built, upon which bioactive peptides were mapped using their location in the primary structure. The secondary structure and solvent accessible surface around each bioactive peptide were then calculated. On this basis, the higher degree of hydrolysis and bioactive properties of cowpea protein hydrolysate prepared by alcalase were explained, and structural factors influencing the release of bioactive peptides were investigated.
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12
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Maleki G, Shadordizadeh T, Mozafari MR, Attar FR, Hesarinejad MA. Physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of nutrition bar fortified with cowpea protein. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Li M, Bai Q, Zhou J, de Souza TSP, Suleria HAR. In Vitro Gastrointestinal Bioaccessibility, Bioactivities and Colonic Fermentation of Phenolic Compounds in Different Vigna Beans. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233884. [PMID: 36496693 PMCID: PMC9736425 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Beans are widely consumed throughout the world, rich in non-nutrient phenolic compounds and other bioactive constituents, including alkaloids, lectins, and others. However, research about in vitro digestion impacts on the changes of bioactive compounds' release and related antioxidant potential in different Vigna beans is limited. This research aimed to assess the modifications that occur in the content and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in four Vigna samples (adzuki bean, black urid whole, black eye bean, and mung bean), their antioxidant properties, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production through static in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation. Adzuki bean exhibited relatively higher total phenolic content (TPC; 4.76 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activities after in vitro digestion. The black eye beans' total flavonoid content (0.74 mg QE/g) and total condensed tannins (10.43 mg CE/g) displayed higher tendencies. For colonic fermentation, the greatest TPC value of entire samples was detected through a 2-h reaction. In most selected beans, phenolic compounds were comparably more bioaccessible during the oral phase. Acetic acid showed the highest level through SCFAs production, and the total SCFAs in adzuki beans was the greatest (0.021 mmol/L) after 16-h fermentation. Adzuki beans may be more beneficial to gut health and possess a stronger antioxidant potential after consumption.
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14
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Yürürdurmaz C. Determination of oil composition of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L.) seeds under influence of organic fertilizer forms. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This research was carried out to determine the effects of different organic fertilizer forms on important quality elements of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seeds. The experiment was conducted according to the completely randomized blocks experimental design with three replications. In the experiment, palmitic acid (PALA), stearic acid (SA), and behenic acid (BA) from saturated fatty acids and palmitoleic acid (PLA), oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and linolenic acid (LNA) ratios from unsaturated fatty acids were investigated. Besides these, quality factor such as oleic acid/linoleic acid (O/L) ratio, which is one of the oil stability values and iodine value (IV), unsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (USFA/SFA) ratio, and oil ratio and oil yield were investigated. As a result of these applications, the values of crude oil yield 27.08–40.68 kg ha−1 and some important quality properties of crude oil ratios 0.75–1.09%, PLA 0.250–0.372%, OA 12.00–22.85%, LA 22.97–29.97%, LNA 19.37–26.01%, PALA 19.53–23.53%, SA 5.27–7.04%, BA 1.86–2.37%, O/L acid ratio 0.402–1.043%, IV 113.73–136.76, and USFA/SFA ratio 2.08–2.74 were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Yürürdurmaz
- Department of Field Crops, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Agriculture , Kahramanmaraş , Türkiye
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15
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Padhi SR, John R, Bartwal A, Tripathi K, Gupta K, Wankhede DP, Mishra GP, Kumar S, Rana JC, Riar A, Bhardwaj R. Development and optimization of NIRS prediction models for simultaneous multi-trait assessment in diverse cowpea germplasm. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1001551. [PMID: 36211514 PMCID: PMC9539642 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1001551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one such legume that can facilitate achieving sustainable nutrition and climate change goals. Assessing nutritional traits conventionally can be laborious and time-consuming. NIRS is a technique used to rapidly determine biochemical parameters for large germplasm. NIRS prediction models were developed to assess protein, starch, TDF, phenols, and phytic acid based on MPLS regression. Higher RSQexternal values such as 0.903, 0.997, 0.901, 0.706, and 0.955 were obtained for protein, starch, TDF, phenols, and phytic acid respectively. Models for all the traits displayed RPD values of >2.5 except phenols and low SEP indicating the excellent prediction of models. For all the traits worked, p-value ≥ 0.05 implied the accuracy and reliability score >0.8 (except phenol) ensured the applicability of the models. These prediction models will facilitate high throughput screening of large cowpea germplasm in a non-destructive way and the selection of desirable chemotypes in any genetic background with huge application in cowpea crop improvement programs across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Ranjan Padhi
- Division of Plant Genetic Resources, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Racheal John
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Arti Bartwal
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep Tripathi
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Gupta
- Division of Plant Quarantine, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Gyan Prakash Mishra
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Division of Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jai Chand Rana
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Region-Asia, India Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Amritbir Riar
- Department of International Cooperation, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Rakesh Bhardwaj
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Rakesh Bhardwaj
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16
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Coffigniez F, Briffaz A. Modelling of the nutritional behaviour of cowpea seeds during soaking, germination and cooking process. Food Chem 2022; 401:134177. [PMID: 36115224 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two modelling approaches previously developed and describing separately the diffusion-reaction of folates and alpha-galactosides during cowpea seed soaking, germination and cooking processes were combined here to simulate the effect of some key processing parameters on the nutritional value of cowpea seeds. The simulator was upgraded, considering thermal-pH dependency of both diffusivities and reactivities of folates and alpha-galactosides together with water-to-seed ratio and starch gelatinization. The simulations showed that soaking and cooking processes were deleterious for folates whereas germination promoted the production of folates while reducing alpha-galactosides concentration. This study suggests that a long germination (96 h), followed by a short cooking seems to be optimal both in terms of nutritional value and degree of cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Coffigniez
- UMR Qualisud, CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, TA B-95/16, 73 rue J-F. Breton, F-34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Aurélien Briffaz
- UMR Qualisud, CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, TA B-95/16, 73 rue J-F. Breton, F-34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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17
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Selinga TI, Maseko ST, Gabier H, Rafudeen MS, Muasya AM, Crespo O, Ogola JBO, Valentine AJ, Ottosen CO, Rosenqvist E, Chimphango SBM. Regulation and physiological function of proteins for heat tolerance in cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata) genotypes under controlled and field conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:954527. [PMID: 36072323 PMCID: PMC9441852 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.954527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The expression of heat shock proteins is considered a central adaptive mechanism to heat stress. This study investigated the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and other stress-protective proteins against heat stress in cowpea genotypes under field (IT-96D-610 and IT-16) and controlled (IT-96D-610) conditions. Heat stress response analysis of proteins at 72 h in the controlled environment showed 270 differentially regulated proteins identified using label-free quantitative proteomics in IT-96D-610 plants. These plants expressed HSPs and chaperones [BAG family molecular chaperone 6 (BAG6), Multiprotein bridging factor1c (MBF1C) and cold shock domain protein 1 (CSDP1) in the controlled environment]. However, IT-96D-610 plants expressed a wider variety of small HSPs and more HSPs in the field. IT-96D-610 plants also responded to heat stress by exclusively expressing chaperones [DnaJ chaperones, universal stress protein and heat shock binding protein (HSBP)] and non-HSP proteins (Deg1, EGY3, ROS protective proteins, temperature-induced lipocalin and succinic dehydrogenase). Photosynthesis recovery and induction of proteins related to photosynthesis were better in IT-96D-610 because of the concurrent induction of heat stress response proteins for chaperone functions, protein degradation for repair and ROS scavenging proteins and PSII operating efficiency (Fq'/Fm') than IT-16. This study contributes to identification of thermotolerance mechanisms in cowpea that can be useful in knowledge-based crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonny I. Selinga
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Sipho T. Maseko
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hawwa Gabier
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Mohammed S. Rafudeen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - A. Muthama Muasya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Olivier Crespo
- Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - John B. O. Ogola
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Alex J. Valentine
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Eva Rosenqvist
- Section for Crop Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
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18
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Razgonova MP, Burlyaeva MO, Zinchenko YN, Krylova EA, Chunikhina OA, Ivanova NM, Zakharenko AM, Golokhvast KS. Identification and Spatial Distribution of Bioactive Compounds in Seeds Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. by Laser Microscopy and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162147. [PMID: 36015450 PMCID: PMC9412441 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The research presents a comparative metabolomic study of extracts of Vigna unguiculata seed samples from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. Analyzed samples related to different areas of use in agricultural production, belonging to different cultivar groups sesquipedalis (vegetable accessions) and unguiculata (grain accessions). Metabolome analysis was performed by liquid chromatography combined with ion trap mass spectrometry. Substances were localized in seeds using confocal and laser microscopy. As a result, 49 bioactive compounds were identified: flavonols, flavones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidin, phenolic acids, amino acids, monocarboxylic acids, aminobenzoic acids, fatty acids, lignans, carotenoid, sapogenins, steroids, etc. Steroidal alkaloids were identified in V. unguiculata seeds for the first time. The seed coat (palisade epidermis and parenchyma) is the richest in phenolic compounds. Comparison of seeds of varieties of different directions of use in terms of the number of bioactive substances identified revealed a significant superiority of vegetable accessions over grain ones in this indicator, 36 compounds were found in samples from cultivar group sesquipedalis, and 24 in unguiculata. The greatest variety of bioactive compounds was found in the vegetable accession k-640 from China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayya P. Razgonova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Life Science and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.P.R.); (K.S.G.)
| | - Marina O. Burlyaeva
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia N. Zinchenko
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Krylova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga A. Chunikhina
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia M. Ivanova
- Department of Botany, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Zakharenko
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnology RAS, 633501 Krasnoobsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Supercritical Fluid Research and Application in Agrobiotechnology, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Kirill S. Golokhvast
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Life Science and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnology RAS, 633501 Krasnoobsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Supercritical Fluid Research and Application in Agrobiotechnology, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.P.R.); (K.S.G.)
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19
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Carvalho M, Carnide V, Sobreira C, Castro I, Coutinho J, Barros A, Rosa E. Cowpea Immature Pods and Grains Evaluation: An Opportunity for Different Food Sources. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162079. [PMID: 36015383 PMCID: PMC9416070 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the sustainability of agro-food systems is one of the major challenges for agriculture and the introduction of new pulse-based products can be a good opportunity to face this challenge. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is a nutritionally important crop and has the particularity that the aerial section of the plant is entirely edible. The current research determines the nutritional composition of the alternative cowpea food sources immature pods and grains comparatively to dry grains through the evaluation of protein, minerals and different polyphenolic contents, and antioxidant capacity. Ten cowpea genotypes were analyzed during two harvest seasons. Cowpea immature pods and grains revealed high levels of total protein and K, Ca, Zn and Fe contents. In general, most of the genotypes produced cowpea of high nutritional value, with a high variation observed between them. Our results showed the potential of the introduction of new cowpea new products in the market allowing a healthy and variable diet and at the same time a better use of the crop under the scenario of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Carvalho
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Valdemar Carnide
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carla Sobreira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isaura Castro
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Coutinho
- Chemistry Centre (CQ), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Barros
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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20
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Extraction and Characterization of β-Viginin Protein Hydrolysates from Cowpea Flour as a New Manufacturing Active Ingredient. TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/technologies10040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The increased mortality rates associated with antibiotic resistance has become a significant public health problem worldwide. Living beings produce a variety of endogenous compounds to defend themselves against exogenous pathogens. The knowledge of these endogenous compounds may contribute to the development of improved bioactive ingredients with antimicrobial properties, useful against conventional antibiotic resistance. Cowpea is an herbaceous legume of great interest due to its high protein content and high productivity rates. The study of genetic homology of vicillin (7S) from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) with vicilins from soybean and other beans, such as adzuki, in addition to the need for further studies about potential biological activities of this vegetable, led us to seek the isolation of the vicilin fraction from cowpea and to evaluate the potential in vitro inhibitory action of pathogenic microorganisms. The cowpea beta viginin protein was isolated, characterized, and hydrolyzed in silico and in vitro by two enzymes, namely, pepsin and chymotrypsin. The antimicrobial activity of the protein hydrolysate fractions of cowpea flour was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, confirming the potential use of the peptides as innovative antimicrobial agents.
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21
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HewaNadungodage ND, Torrico DD, Brennan MA, Brennan CS. Nutritional, physicochemical, and textural properties of gluten‐free extruded snacks containing cowpea and whey protein concentrate. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadeesha Dilrukshi HewaNadungodage
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Lincoln University P O Box 85084 Lincoln, Christchurch 7647 New Zealand
- Department of Livestock and Avian Sciences Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries, and Nutrition Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura Gonawila (NWP) 60170 Sri Lanka
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, University Drive Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Damir D. Torrico
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Lincoln University P O Box 85084 Lincoln, Christchurch 7647 New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brennan
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Lincoln University P O Box 85084 Lincoln, Christchurch 7647 New Zealand
| | - Charles S. Brennan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, University Drive Palmerston North New Zealand
- School of Science RMIT University La Trobe Street Melbourne Australia
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22
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Mekonnen TW, Gerrano AS, Mbuma NW, Labuschagne MT. Breeding of Vegetable Cowpea for Nutrition and Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11121583. [PMID: 35736733 PMCID: PMC9230997 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the world population is increasing, and humanity is facing food and nutritional scarcity. Climate change and variability are a major threat to global food and nutritional security, reducing crop productivity in the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. Cowpea has the potential to make a significant contribution to global food and nutritional security. In addition, it can be part of a sustainable food system, being a genetic resource for future crop improvement, contributing to resilience and improving agricultural sustainability under climate change conditions. In malnutrition prone regions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, cowpea has become a strategic dryland legume crop for addressing food insecurity and malnutrition. Therefore, this review aims to assess the contribution of cowpea to SSA countries as a climate-resilient crop and the existing production challenges and perspectives. Cowpea leaves and immature pods are rich in diverse nutrients, with high levels of protein, vitamins, macro and micronutrients, minerals, fiber, and carbohydrates compared to its grain. In addition, cowpea is truly a multifunctional crop for maintaining good health and for reducing non-communicable human diseases. However, as a leafy vegetable, cowpea has not been researched and promoted sufficiently because it has not been promoted as a food security crop due to its low yield potential, susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses, quality assurance issues, policy regulation, and cultural beliefs (it is considered a livestock feed). The development of superior cowpea as a leafy vegetable can be approached in different ways, such as conventional breeding and gene stacking, speed breeding, mutation breeding, space breeding, demand-led breeding, a pan-omics approach, and local government policies. The successful breeding of cowpea genotypes that are high-yielding with a good nutritional value as well as having resistance to biotics and tolerant to abiotic stress could also be used to address food security and malnutrition-related challenges in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Walle Mekonnen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (N.W.M.); (M.T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-796540514
| | - Abe Shegro Gerrano
- Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Ntombokulunga Wedy Mbuma
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (N.W.M.); (M.T.L.)
| | - Maryke Tine Labuschagne
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (N.W.M.); (M.T.L.)
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Ciurescu G, Idriceanu L, Gheorghe A, Ropotă M, Drăghici R. Meat quality in broiler chickens fed on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) seeds. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9685. [PMID: 35690616 PMCID: PMC9188575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a diet containing untreated cowpea (CWP; Aura 26 variety) seeds as a protein source on quality parameters of chickens' breast (PM; Pectoralis major) and thigh muscles (BF; Biceps femoris). A total of 240 Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to two groups: a control group fed with soybean meal (SBM) and an experimental group fed with CWP included at 200 g/kg as a replacement of SBM. Each group consisted of six pens as replicates, with 20 chicks per pen. At 6 weeks of age, twelve birds/group were slaughtered. Compared to SBM group, the group fed CWP had higher (P < 0.0001) lightness (L*) and redness (a*) values of PM and BF muscles, the latter had also higher yellowness (b*, P < 0.0001). The collagen and protein contents were significantly higher in CWP group in both PM and BF muscles, while fat was lower (P < 0.001) only in BF muscle. The use of CWP into broilers' diets did not negatively impact the textural properties, i.e., hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience of PM and BF, showing similar values in both groups. Also, PM and BF muscles of birds fed CWP had significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of C:18:3n-3 and C:20:5n-3 compared with birds fed SBM. The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was significantly lower in CWP group (11.72 and 7.00) compared to SBM (13.47 and 12.63) for both PM and BF muscles. These results indicate that CWP can be considered a promising protein source for broiler chickens' feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta Ciurescu
- National Research & Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucureşti No. 1, 077015, Baloteşti, Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Lavinia Idriceanu
- National Research & Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucureşti No. 1, 077015, Baloteşti, Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Anca Gheorghe
- National Research & Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucureşti No. 1, 077015, Baloteşti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Mariana Ropotă
- National Research & Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucureşti No. 1, 077015, Baloteşti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Reta Drăghici
- Research-Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands, 207170, Dăbuleni, Dolj, Romania
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Padhi SR, Bartwal A, John R, Tripathi K, Gupta K, Wankhede DP, Mishra GP, Kumar S, Archak S, Bhardwaj R. Evaluation and Multivariate Analysis of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] Germplasm for Selected Nutrients—Mining for Nutri-Dense Accessions. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.888041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 120 highly diverse cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] genotypes, including indigenous and exotic lines, were evaluated for different biochemical traits using AOAC official methods of analysis and other standard methods. The results exhibited wide variability in the content of proteins (ranging from 19.4 to 27.9%), starch (from 27.5 to 42.7 g 100 g−1), amylose (from 9.65 to 21.7 g 100 g−1), TDF (from 13.7 to 21.1 g 100 g−1), and TSS (from 1.30 to 8.73 g 100 g−1). The concentration of anti-nutritional compounds like phenols and phytic acid ranged from 0.026 to 0.832 g 100 g−1 and 0.690 to 1.88 g 100 g−1, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the traits was calculated to understand the inter-trait relationship. Multivariate analysis (PCA and HCA) was performed to identify the major traits contributing to variability and group accessions with a similar profile. The first three principal components, i.e., PC1, PC2, and PC3, contributed to 62.7% of the variation, where maximum loadings were from starch, followed by protein, phytic acid, and dietary fiber. HCA formed six distinct clusters at a squared Euclidean distance of 5. Accessions in cluster I had high TDF and low TSS content, while cluster II was characterized by low amylose content. Accessions in cluster III had high starch, low protein, and phytic acid, whereas accessions in cluster IV contained high TSS, phenol, and low phytic acid. Cluster V was characterized by high protein, phytic acid, TSS, and phenol content and low starch content, and cluster VI had a high amount of amylose and low phenol content. Some nutri-dense accessions were identified from the above-mentioned clusters, such as EC170579 and EC201086 with high protein (>27%), TSS, amylose, and TDF content. These compositions are promising to provide practical support for developing high-value food and feed varieties using effective breeding strategies with a higher economic value.
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Nascimento CP, Cipriano TM, Aragão FJ. Natural variation of folate content in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) germplasm and its correlation with the expression of the GTP cyclohydrolase I coding gene. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Sodedji FAK, Ryu D, Choi J, Agbahoungba S, Assogbadjo AE, N’Guetta SPA, Jung JH, Nho CW, Kim HY. Genetic Diversity and Association Analysis for Carotenoid Content among Sprouts of Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073696. [PMID: 35409065 PMCID: PMC8998333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and promotion of biofortified foods plants are a sustainable strategy for supplying essential micronutrients for human health and nutrition. We set out to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with carotenoid content in cowpea sprouts. The contents of carotenoids, including lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene in sprouts of 125 accessions were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography. Significant variation existed in the profiles of the different carotenoids. Lutein was the most abundant (58 ± 12.8 mg/100 g), followed by zeaxanthin (14.7 ± 3.1 mg/100 g) and β-carotene (13.2 ± 2.9 mg/100 g). A strong positive correlation was observed among the carotenoid compounds (r ≥ 0.87), indicating they can be improved concurrently. The accessions were distributed into three groups, following their carotenoid profiles, with accession C044 having the highest sprout carotenoid content in a single cluster. A total of 3120 genome-wide SNPs were tested for association analysis, which revealed that carotenoid biosynthesis in cowpea sprouts is a polygenic trait controlled by genes with additive and dominance effects. Seven loci were significantly associated with the variation in carotenoid content. The evidence of variation in carotenoid content and genomic regions controlling the trait creates an avenue for breeding cowpea varieties with enhanced sprouts carotenoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frejus Ariel Kpedetin Sodedji
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Non-Timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 05 BP 1752, Benin; (S.A.); (A.E.A.)
- West Africa Center of Excellence in Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (CEA-CCBAD), Biosciences Research Unit, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Abidjan 582, Côte d’Ivoire;
| | - Dahye Ryu
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
| | - Symphorien Agbahoungba
- Non-Timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 05 BP 1752, Benin; (S.A.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo
- Non-Timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 05 BP 1752, Benin; (S.A.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Simon-Pierre Assanvo N’Guetta
- West Africa Center of Excellence in Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (CEA-CCBAD), Biosciences Research Unit, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Abidjan 582, Côte d’Ivoire;
| | - Je Hyeong Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-650-3580
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Gerrano AS, Thungo ZG, Mavengahama S. Phenotypic description of elite cowpea (Vigna ungiculata L. Walp) genotypes grown in drought-prone environments using agronomic traits. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08855. [PMID: 35146164 PMCID: PMC8818927 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification and selection of cowpea genotypes possessing suitable agronomic attributes is key for cultivar development to increase production. The objective of this study was to evaluate cowpea genotypes using agronomic traits to aid selection and identification of best genotypes for adoption and breeding to develop high-yielding cultivars. Agronomic traits of 20 cowpea genotypes were evaluated under Tompi Seleka and Polokwane environments using a completely randomised block design. Significant (P ≤ 0.01) genotype effect was identified for agronomic traits, whereas environment effect was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for number of productive branches (NB), leaf width (LW), leaf length (LL), hundred-seed weight (HSW) and grain yield (GY). Significant genotype-by-environment interaction effect was observed for pod length (PL), pod width (PW) and number of seeds per pod (SPP). Correlation analysis revealed positive and significant associations between NB with LW (r = 0.58; P ≤ 0.01), LL (r = 0.67; P ≤ 0.01), number of pods per plant (PPP) (r = 0.56; P ≤ 0.01) and HSW (r = 0.47; P ≤ 0.05). LW was positively and significantly correlated with LL (r = 0.71; P ≤ 0.00), PPP (r = 0.56; P ≤ 0.01) and SPP (r = 0.58; P ≤ 0.01). Positive and significant correlation was observed between LL with chlorophyll content index (CCI) (r = 0.54; P ≤ 0.05), PPP (r = 0.68; P ≤ 0.01) and pod length (PL) (r = 0.52; P ≤ 0.05). PW was positively and significantly associated with PL (r = 0.68; P ≤ 0.01) and SPP (r = 0.61; P ≤ 0.01), whereas PL was positively associated with SPP (r = 0.82; P ≤ 0.01). Cowpea genotypes CH14, Embo buff, IT89D-349, IT96D-602, Veg cowpea 1, Veg cowpea 2, Veg cowpea 3 and Veg cowpea dakama red recorded high NB, plant height (PH), LL, LW, chlorophyll content index (CCI), number of pods per plant (PPP), HSW and GY. Also, genotypes 2460, IT96D-748, Oukawa, Ukaluleni, Veg cowpea dakama cream and Vigna Onb were associated with PL, SPP and PW. The identified genotypes possessing suitable agronomic traits are recommended for farmer-adoption and inclusion in breeding programs for cultivar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abe Shegro Gerrano
- Agricultural Research Council – Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Zamalotshwa Goodness Thungo
- Agricultural Research Council – Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sydney Mavengahama
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa
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CARDOSO LA, GREINER R, SILVA CDS, MACIEL LF, SANTOS LFP, ALMEIDA DTD. Small scale market survey on the preparation and physico-chemical characterstics of moin-moin: a traditional ready-to-eat cowpea food from Brazil. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.59920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Ciurescu G, Vasilachi A, Ropotă M. Effect of dietary cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L] walp) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds on growth performance, blood parameters and breast meat fatty acids in broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2019620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta Ciurescu
- Laboratorul de Nutritie Animala, National Research & Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition (IBNA), Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Andreea Vasilachi
- Laboratorul de Nutritie Animala, National Research & Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition (IBNA), Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Mariana Ropotă
- Laboratorul de chimie, National Research & Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition (IBNA), Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
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Sodedji FAK, Agbahoungba S, Agoyi EE, Kafoutchoni MK, Choi J, Nguetta SPA, Assogbadjo AE, Kim HY. Diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium among cowpea accessions. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20113. [PMID: 34275189 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is a globally important food security crop. However, it is susceptible to pest and disease; hence, constant breeding efforts based on its diversity are required for its improvement. The present study aims to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) among 274 cowpea accessions from different origins. A total of 3,127 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated using diversity array technology (DArT) was used. Population structure, neighbor-joining clustering, and principal component analyses indicated three subpopulations within the germplasm. Results of STRUCTURE analysis and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) were complementary in assessing the structuration of the diversity among the germplasm, with the grouping of the accessions improved in DAPC. Genetic distances of 0.005-0.44 were observed among accessions. Accessions from western and central Africa, eastern and central Africa, and Asia were predominant and distributed across all subpopulations. The subpopulations had fixation indexes of 0.48-0.56. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that within subpopulation variation accounted for 81% of observed genetic variation in the germplasm. The subpopulations mainly consisted of inbred lines (inbreeding coefficient = 1) with common alleles, although they were from different geographical regions. This reflects considerable seed movement and germplasm exchange between regions. The LD was characterized by low decay for great physical distances between markers. The LD decay distance varied among chromosomes with the average distance of 80-100 kb across the genome. Thus, crop improvement is possible, and the LD will facilitate genome-wide association studies on quality attributes and critical agronomic traits in cowpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frejus Ariel Kpedetin Sodedji
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea
- Non-timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 BP: 526 Cotonou, Benin
- West Africa Center of Excellence in Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (CEA-CCBAD), Biosciences Research Unit, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Lagunes, 22 BP 461, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Symphorien Agbahoungba
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Echikintho Agoyi
- Non-timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 BP: 526 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Médard Konoutan Kafoutchoni
- Non-timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 BP: 526 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Simon-Pierre Assanvo Nguetta
- West Africa Center of Excellence in Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (CEA-CCBAD), Biosciences Research Unit, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Lagunes, 22 BP 461, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Non-timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 BP: 526 Cotonou, Benin
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Shishehbor P, Hemmati SA. Investigation of secondary metabolites in bean cultivars and their impact on the nutritional performance of Spodoptera littoralis (Lep.: Noctuidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 112:1-11. [PMID: 34704547 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) is globally recognized as a destructive polyphagous insect pest of various crops in the world. It is commonly managed by chemical pesticides, which can cause deleterious effects such as environmental pollution, toxicity to non-target organisms and the emergence of secondary pests. Hence, investigations into alternative pest control strategies such as the use of resistant host plant cultivar against S. littoralis is important. This study aimed to explore the nutritional performance of S. littoralis larvae in dependence on total anthocyanin, flavonoid, and phenol levels across 11 bean cultivars (Phaseolus and Vigna spp.) under laboratory conditions. The results revealed that the Mashhad cultivar accumulated the highest amount of total phenols (13.59 mg ml-1), whereas Yaghout and Arabi cultivars posed the lowest total phenols contents (1.80 and 1.90 mg ml-1, respectively). Across larval instars (third to sixth), the highest consumption index and relative consumption rate were recorded on the Mashhad cultivar. The lowest values of efficiency of conversion of ingested food and the efficiency of conversion of digested food of total larval instars were detected in the larvae which were reared on the Mashhad cultivar. Likewise, the lowest value of the index of plant quality (IPQ) was obtained in the Mashhad cultivar; however, IPQ was figured out at the highest level in the Arabi cultivar. Our findings show that the differential accumulation of secondary metabolites would change the nutritional quality of plants for S. littoralis. Based on the findings, the Mashhad cultivar may serve as a candidate for either integrated pest management or breeding programs aiming at controlling this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Shishehbor
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hemmati
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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32
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Omomowo OI, Babalola OO. Constraints and Prospects of Improving Cowpea Productivity to Ensure Food, Nutritional Security and Environmental Sustainability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:751731. [PMID: 34745184 PMCID: PMC8570086 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.751731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Providing safe and secure food for an increasing number of people globally is challenging. Coping with such a human population by merely applying the conventional agricultural production system has not proved to be agro-ecologically friendly; nor is it sustainable. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) is a multi-purpose legume. It consists of high-quality protein for human consumption, and it is rich in protein for livestock fodder. It enriches the soil in that it recycles nutrients through the fixation of nitrogen in association with nodulating bacteria. However, the productivity of this multi-functional, indigenous legume that is of great value to African smallholder farmers and the rural populace, and also to urban consumers and entrepreneurs, is limited. Because cowpea is of strategic importance in Africa, there is a need to improve on its productivity. Such endeavors in Africa are wrought with challenges that include drought, salinity, the excessive demand among farmers for synthetic chemicals, the repercussions of climate change, declining soil nutrients, microbial infestations, pest issues, and so forth. Nevertheless, giant strides have already been made and there have already been improvements in adopting sustainable and smart biotechnological approaches that are favorably influencing the production costs of cowpea and its availability. As such, the prospects for a leap in cowpea productivity in Africa and in the enhancement of its genetic gain are good. Potential and viable means for overcoming some of the above-mentioned production constraints would be to focus on the key cowpea producer nations in Africa and to encourage them to embrace biotechnological techniques in an integrated approach to enhance for sustainable productivity. This review highlights the spectrum of constraints that limit the cowpea yield, but looks ahead of the constraints and seeks a way forward to improve cowpea productivity in Africa. More importantly, this review investigates applications and insights concerning mechanisms of action for implementing eco-friendly biotechnological techniques, such as the deployment of bio inoculants, applying climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices, agricultural conservation techniques, and multi-omics smart technology in the spheres of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, for improving cowpea yields and productivity to achieve sustainable agro-ecosystems, and ensuring their stability.
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Owusu EY, Karikari B, Kusi F, Haruna M, Amoah RA, Attamah P, Adazebra G, Sie EK, Issahaku M. Genetic variability, heritability and correlation analysis among maturity and yield traits in Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) in Northern Ghana. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07890. [PMID: 34522801 PMCID: PMC8427248 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies were conducted to evaluate 16 advanced breeding lines of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) for genetic variability, heritability and correlation between maturity and yield related traits. The genotypes exhibited significant (P < 0.05) differences for the eight traits evaluated viz., number of days to 50 % flowering, number of days to 90 % pod maturity, plant height at maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod yield, grain yield and hundred seed weight. SARI-3-11-100, SARI-6-2-6, SARVX-09-004 and IT07K-299-6 had grain yields of 1.99 ± 0.30, 1.88 ± 0.20, 1.95 ± 0.30 and 1.91 ± 0.20 t/ha, respectively, which were significantly higher than the check (Songotra) (1.68 ± 0.01 t/ha). In addition, SARI-5-5-5 matured significantly earlier than the check but no significant difference was observed for grain yield. The higher value of phenotypic component compared to the corresponding genotypic component for all the traits suggest that there was an environmental influence on the performance of the genotypes. Hence, the need for multi-location evaluation of the promising lines for onward release if found stable. The information provided in this study, can be exploited in cowpea breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Y Owusu
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Ghana.,Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Karikari
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Francis Kusi
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Ghana
| | - Mohammed Haruna
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Ghana
| | - Richard A Amoah
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research -Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bunso, Ghana
| | - Patrick Attamah
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Ghana.,Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gloria Adazebra
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel K Sie
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Ghana
| | - Memunatu Issahaku
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Ghana
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34
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Food Security and Nutrition in Mozambique: Comparative Study with Bean Species Commercialised in Informal Markets. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13168839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In Mozambique (South-eastern Africa), Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna spp. are important staple foods and a major source of dietary protein for local populations, particularly for people living in rural areas who lack the financial capacity to include meat in their daily dietary options. This study focuses on the potential for improving diets with locally produced nutritious legumes whilst increasing food security and income generation among smallholder farmers. Using bean species and varieties commercialised as dry legumes in the country, it sets out to characterize and compare the chemical properties of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna spp. among the most commercialised dry legume groups in Mozambique. The principal component analysis showed a clear separation between Phaseolus and Vigna species in terms of proximate composition, whereas protein content was quite uniform in both groups. It concludes that the introduction of improved cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna species maize–legume intercropping benefits yield, diets and increases household income with limited and low-cost inputs while enhancing the resilience of smallholder farmers in vulnerable production systems affected by recurrent drought and the supply of legumes to urban informal markets.
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Kumar A, Anju T, Kumar S, Chhapekar SS, Sreedharan S, Singh S, Choi SR, Ramchiary N, Lim YP. Integrating Omics and Gene Editing Tools for Rapid Improvement of Traditional Food Plants for Diversified and Sustainable Food Security. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8093. [PMID: 34360856 PMCID: PMC8348985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous communities across the globe, especially in rural areas, consume locally available plants known as Traditional Food Plants (TFPs) for their nutritional and health-related needs. Recent research shows that many TFPs are highly nutritious as they contain health beneficial metabolites, vitamins, mineral elements and other nutrients. Excessive reliance on the mainstream staple crops has its own disadvantages. Traditional food plants are nowadays considered important crops of the future and can act as supplementary foods for the burgeoning global population. They can also act as emergency foods in situations such as COVID-19 and in times of other pandemics. The current situation necessitates locally available alternative nutritious TFPs for sustainable food production. To increase the cultivation or improve the traits in TFPs, it is essential to understand the molecular basis of the genes that regulate some important traits such as nutritional components and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. The integrated use of modern omics and gene editing technologies provide great opportunities to better understand the genetic and molecular basis of superior nutrient content, climate-resilient traits and adaptation to local agroclimatic zones. Recently, realizing the importance and benefits of TFPs, scientists have shown interest in the prospection and sequencing of TFPs for their improvements, cultivation and mainstreaming. Integrated omics such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and ionomics are successfully used in plants and have provided a comprehensive understanding of gene-protein-metabolite networks. Combined use of omics and editing tools has led to successful editing of beneficial traits in several TFPs. This suggests that there is ample scope for improvement of TFPs for sustainable food production. In this article, we highlight the importance, scope and progress towards improvement of TFPs for valuable traits by integrated use of omics and gene editing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India; (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Thattantavide Anju
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India; (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Kishtwar 182204, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Sushil Satish Chhapekar
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Sajana Sreedharan
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India; (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonam Singh
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Su Ryun Choi
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Nirala Ramchiary
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
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Abstract
Legumes are an essential food source worldwide. Their high-quality proteins, complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and relatively low-fat content make these an important functional food. Known to possess a multitude of health benefits, legume consumption is associated with the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Legume crude protein isolates and purified peptides possess many cardiopreventive properties. Here, we review selected economically valued legumes, their taxonomy and distribution, biochemical composition, and their protein components and the mechanism(s) of action associated with cardiovascular health. Most of the legume protein studies had shown upregulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor leading to increased binding and uptake, in effect significantly reducing total lipid levels in the blood serum and liver. This is followed by decreased biosynthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. To understand the relationship of identified genes from legume studies, we performed gene network analysis, pathway, and gene ontology (GO) enrichment. Results showed that the genes were functionally interrelated while enrichment and pathway analysis revealed involvement in lipid transport, fatty acid and triglyceride metabolic processes, and regulatory processes. This review is the first attempt to collate all known mechanisms of action of legume proteins associated with cardiovascular health. This also provides a snapshot of possible targets leading to systems-level approaches to further investigate the cardiometabolic potentials of legumes.
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Onyango SO, Abong GO, Okoth MW, Kilalo DC, Mwang'ombe AW. Effect of Pre-treatment and Processing on Nutritional Composition of Cassava Roots, Millet, and Cowpea Leaves Flours. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.625735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava roots, millet and cowpea leaves have short storage life thus the need for simple post-harvest handling and storage protocol to ensure prolonged availability to fully contribute toward food and nutrition security, a major challenge within Sub-Saharan Africa. The current study sought to investigate the effect of pre-treatment and processing on cyanide safety and nutrition composition of cassava roots, millet and cowpea leaves flours. The study used three popular cassava varieties grown along the Kenyan coast, cowpea leaves (M66) grown as vegetable and pearl millet. The study used analytical techniques as guided by AOAC standard methods, to determine the nutritional composition of the individual crops while subjecting them to pre-treatment processes (blanching, peeling, washing, drying, and fermentation) and optimizing for maximum nutrient composition. The cyanide content ranged 7.8–9.5, 3.4–5.0, and 2.2–2.8 ppb for raw, untreated, and fermented cassava flours, respectively. The carbohydrates content was in the range of 35–37, 81.73–83.49, and 70.28–71.20% for raw cowpea leaves, cassava roots, and millet, respectively; the carbohydrate content for untreated flours was in the range of 35.68–35.19, 66.07–83.49, and 66.07–68.89% for cowpea leaves, cassava roots, and millet, respectively; the carbohydrate content for the fermented flours was in the range of 29.06–28.01, 79.68–84.36, and 69.08–70.12% for cowpea leaves, cassava roots, and millet, respectively. The protein content was in the range of 25.69–26.01, 1.2–18, and 11.1–13.3% for untreated cowpea, cassava, and millet flours, respectively; fermented flours protein content was in the range of 25.7–29.3, 1.3–2.2, and 8.5–11.1% cowpea, cassava, and millet flours, respectively. Iron and zinc contents were in the range of 4.31–9.04, 1.0–1.3; 7.98–7.89, 1.21–1.25; 6.58–8.23, 0.99–1.22 (mg/100 g dwb) for raw, untreated, and fermented cowpea flours, respectively. Pre-treatment had significant effects (P ≤ 0.05) on cyanide content and nutritional composition of each of the flours. Farmers should be trained to utilize such simple processing techniques.
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Souza-Alonso P, Rocha M, Rocha I, Ma Y, Freitas H, Oliveira RS. Encapsulation of Pseudomonas libanensis in alginate beads to sustain bacterial viability and inoculation of Vigna unguiculata under drought stress. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:293. [PMID: 34136330 PMCID: PMC8144263 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional agricultural practices based on the application of synthetic fertilizers are increasingly considered as unsustainable. Under a forecasted scenario of drought for the next decades, there is a global demand for innovative and sustainable approaches to ameliorate plant performance. Here, encapsulating beneficial microbes (BMs) to promote plant growth is gaining attention. This study evaluates bacterial encapsulation using polymeric beads of alginate, testing the survival of Pseudomonas libanensis TR1 stored up to 90 days. Produced beads were subjected to different treatments (fresh, air-dried and pulverized), which resulted in a variable size range (1200-860 µm). After storage, bacterial viability was maintained, and air-dried beads displayed a higher number of colony-forming units (2 × 107). Then, a glasshouse experiment investigated the drought resistance (plant growth, biomass, and photosynthetic responses) of Vigna unguiculata plants inoculated with these alginate beads. After 10 days of complete water restriction, turgidity and relative water content of V. unguiculata were still high under drought stress (> 80%). Leaf and root growth and biomass did not evidence significant changes after water restriction even after P. libanensis inoculation. Plant photosynthetic parameters (stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, leaf CO2 concentration, or F v'/F m') were slightly affected due to inoculation but the level of stress-induced minimal plant responses. In our experiment, water restriction might have been insufficient to downregulate photosynthetic efficiency and reduce plant growth, limiting our understanding of the role of P. libanensis inoculation in alleviating drought stress in V. unguiculata, but highlighting the important relationship between the stress level and agricultural benefits of using encapsulated BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Souza-Alonso
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Miguel Rocha
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Research Centre for Health and the Environment, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Rocha
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Freitas
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui S. Oliveira
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Sustainable Agri-Food Systems: Environment, Economy, Society, and Policy. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13116260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agri-food systems (AFS) have been central in the debate on sustainable development. Despite this growing interest in AFS, comprehensive analyses of the scholarly literature are hard to find. Therefore, the present systematic review delineated the contours of this growing research strand and analyzed how it relates to sustainability. A search performed on the Web of Science in January 2020 yielded 1389 documents, and 1289 were selected and underwent bibliometric and topical analyses. The topical analysis was informed by the SAFA (Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture systems) approach of FAO and structured along four dimensions viz. environment, economy, society and culture, and policy and governance. The review shows an increasing interest in AFS with an exponential increase in publications number. However, the study field is north-biased and dominated by researchers and organizations from developed countries. Moreover, the analysis suggests that while environmental aspects are sufficiently addressed, social, economic, and political ones are generally overlooked. The paper ends by providing directions for future research and listing some topics to be integrated into a comprehensive, multidisciplinary agenda addressing the multifaceted (un)sustainability of AFS. It makes the case for adopting a holistic, 4-P (planet, people, profit, policy) approach in agri-food system studies.
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Kumar A, Sainger M, Jaiwal R, Chaudhary D, Jaiwal PK. Tissue Culture- and Selection-Independent Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation of a Recalcitrant Grain Legume, Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:710-718. [PMID: 33987815 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and generally fast Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system with no tissue culture and selection steps has been developed for the first time in a recalcitrant food legume, cowpea. The approach involves wounding of 1-day-old germinated seeds with a needle or sonication either alone or in combination of vacuum infiltration with A. tumefaciens EH105 (pCAMBIA2301) carrying a β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene (uidA) and a neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) gene for stable transformation. Sonicated and vacuum infiltrated seedlings showed the highest transient GUS activity in 90% of the explants. The sprouted co-cultured seeds directly established in soil and without selection were allowed to develop into plants which on maturity produced T0 seeds. The presence of the alien genes, nptII and uidA in T0 plants and their integration into the genome of T1 plants were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analyses, respectively. The transgenes were inherited in the subsequent T2 generation in a Mendelian fashion and their expression was confirmed by semi-quantitative PCR. The transformation frequency of 1.90% was obtained with sonication followed by vacuum infiltration with Agrobacterium. This approach provides favorable circumstances for the rapid meristem transformation and likely makes translational research ease in an important recalcitrant food legume, cowpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Centre for Biotechnology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Manish Sainger
- Centre for Biotechnology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Ranjana Jaiwal
- Department of Zoology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | | | - Pawan K Jaiwal
- Centre for Biotechnology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
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Akissoé L, Madodé Y, Hemery Y, Donadjè B, Icard-Vernière C, Hounhouigan D, Mouquet-Rivier C. Impact of traditional processing on proximate composition, folate, mineral, phytate, and alpha-galacto-oligosaccharide contents of two West African cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) based doughnuts. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kumar A, Jaiwal R, Sreevathsa R, Chaudhary D, Jaiwal PK. Transgenic cowpea plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Aa insecticidal protein imparts resistance to Maruca vitrata legume pod borer. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:583-594. [PMID: 33471196 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fertile independent transgenic cowpea lines expressing the BtCry2Aa toxin with increased resistance to the most devastating lepidopteran insect pest, Maruca pod borer has been developed for the first time. Cowpea is a staple legume important for food and nutritional security in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, where its production is limited by the key pest, legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata). Cowpea varieties resistant to M. vitrata are not known, hence, development of Maruca pod borer resistance cowpea through genetic engineering is a promising approach to improve its production. In the present study, transgenic cowpea plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Aa insecticidal protein were developed for the first time using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of cotyledonary explants. T0 plants recovered from Agrobacterium cocultured explants on medium containing 120 mgl-1 of kanamycin were identified on the basis of the presence of transgenes by PCR, their integration into genome by Southern hybridization and expression of their transcripts by semi quantitative PCR (sqRT-PCR) and quantitative Real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and protein by Western blot analysis. The transformation efficiency obtained was 3.47% with 11 independent T0 transgenic lines. The bioefficacy of Cry2Aa protein expressed in randomly selected four T0 plant's leaves and pods was evaluated by feeding Maruca pod borer demonstrated a significant lower damage and a high level of Maruca mortality (more than 90%) for all these Bt lines. The inheritance of transgenes from T0 to T1 progeny plants was demonstrated by PCR analysis. The transgenic plants generated in this study can be used in cowpea breeding program for durable and sustainable legume pod borer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Centre for Biotechnology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Ranjana Jaiwal
- Department of Zoology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Pawan K Jaiwal
- Centre for Biotechnology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
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Eswaramoorthy V, Kandasamy T, Thiyagarajan K, Vanniarajan C, Jegadeesan S. Effectiveness and efficiency of electron beam in comparison with gamma rays and ethyl methane sulfonate mutagens in cowpea. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 171:109640. [PMID: 33639325 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cowpea is the poor man's crop that lacks variability due to its autogamous nature. Induced mutation serves as a potential source in the induction of variability in crops. On the other hand, the effectiveness and efficiency of mutagens will vary between species and even varieties. In the present study, a novel mutagen electron beam was used in cowpea for the first time along with commonly used mutagens gamma rays (physical) and ethyl methanesulfonate (chemical). The biological damages on eight quantitative characters in M1 generation and chlorophyll mutants in M2 generation were recorded. Two popular varieties viz., P 152 and VBN 1 constituted as the biological material of study. The rate of reduction in biological damage on quantitative characters was directly proportional to the dose of mutagen irrespective of the varieties and mutagens used. Physical mutagens showed the highest biological damage (EB- 37.5% and G- 37.3% overall reduction from control) than chemical mutagen (EMS- 30.4%). Comparing the physical mutagens at similar doses, 200 Gy or 300 Gy of electron beam showed more biological damage than 200 Gy or 300 Gy of gamma rays. Eleven different types of chlorophyll mutants were identified in the M2 generation. Xantha is the most occurred chlorophyll mutants (44.44%), while aurea and yellow viridis have least occurred mutants. Chemical mutagen (EMS) is considered to be the most effective (6.47%) and efficient mutagen (27.09%) based on the chlorophyll mutants and it was followed by an electron beam and gamma rays. Among the physical mutagens, electron beam showed the highest biological damage (37.50% overall reduction from control) and higher effectiveness and efficiency (3.80% and 23.38%) compared to gamma rays (1.87% and 13.38%). Hence, the electron beam can also be used as an effective mutagen in creating variation in cowpea and other crops as it is highly effective, cost less and safe mutagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India.
| | - Thangaraj Kandasamy
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, 625 104, India.
| | - Kalaimagal Thiyagarajan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India.
| | - Chockalingam Vanniarajan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, 625 104, India.
| | - Souframanien Jegadeesan
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
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Peyrano F, de Lamballerie M, Avanza MV, Speroni F. Gelation of cowpea proteins induced by high hydrostatic pressure. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Akuru EA, Ani AO, Orji JA, Oyeagu CE, Osita CO, Idamokoro ME, Ogwuegbu MC, Lewu FB. Nutrient digestibility, growth, carcass, and bio-marker traits of weaner rabbits fed diets containing graded levels of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata) hull meal. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1876701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Amaka Akuru
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | | | - Juliet Adaku Orji
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chika Ethelbert Oyeagu
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Francis Bayo Lewu
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Western Cape, South Africa
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Conti MV, Campanaro A, Coccetti P, De Giuseppe R, Galimberti A, Labra M, Cena H. Potential role of neglected and underutilized plant species in improving women's empowerment and nutrition in areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Nutr Rev 2021; 77:817-828. [PMID: 31313806 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of the nutrition transition, women in sub-Sahara Africa are a critical target group from a nutrition standpoint, and they experience significant discrimination in food production. Food-based, women-centered strategies are recommended to address nutrient gaps, and to educate and empower women. In this context, local natural resources, such as neglected and underutilized plant species (NUS), may contribute to adding nutritional value, enriching diet diversity, and ensuring nutrition security. The aim of the current narrative review is to investigate the nutritional status of the sub-Saharan African population and the potential role of local agriculture strategies in improving food production and diet diversity and in expanding income-generating activities for women. The nutritional properties of the most important regional NUS are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Conti
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ausilia Campanaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan, Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Coccetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan, Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan, Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan, Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Dingha BN, Jackai LE, Amoah BA, Akotsen-Mensah C. Pollinators on Cowpea Vigna unguiculata: Implications for Intercropping to Enhance Biodiversity. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12010054. [PMID: 33440887 PMCID: PMC7827132 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Pollinators are a major part of global biodiversity and they provide ecosystem services important for the production of many crops. Their abundance and diversity have declined steadily in recent years. Loss of foraging resources through degradation and fragmentation of natural habitats has been a major factor. Enhancing floral resources in the environment can mitigate this decline. Cowpea nectar has been reported to make the crop attractive to pollinators. We evaluated twenty-four cowpea varieties for pollinator abundance and diversity using pan traps, sticky traps, and direct visual counts. Sticky traps captured the highest number of pollinators and pan traps the least. The highest number of pollinators was recorded on Penny Rile cowpea and the lowest on Iron and Clay which had no flowers. Whippoorwill had the most flowers and ranked third in number of pollinators. Our findings indicate that cowpeas can be used to improve pollinator efficiency. Intercropping pollinator-dependent crops with cowpea varieties such as Penny Rile, Dixielee, and Whippoorwill will not only provide resources for the pollinators but can also be effective in increasing pollinator number and activity to increase crop yields. Abstract Pollinators are on the decline and loss of flower resources play a major role. This raises concerns regarding production of insect-pollinated crops and therefore food security. There is urgency to mitigate the decline through creation of farming systems that encourage flower-rich habitats. Cowpea is a crop that produces pollen and nectar attractive to pollinators. Twenty-four cowpea varieties were planted, and the number of pollinators were counted using three sampling methods: pan traps, sticky traps, and direct visual counts. Five pollinator types (honey bees, bumble bees, carpenter bees, wasps, and butterflies and moths), 11 and 16 pollinator families were recorded from direct visual counts, pan and sticky traps, respectively. Pollinator distribution varied significantly among varieties and sampling methods, with highest number on Penny Rile (546.0 ± 38.6) and lowest (214.8 ± 29.2) in Iron and Clay. Sticky traps accounted for 45%, direct visual counts (31%), and pan traps (23%) of pollinators. Pollinators captured by pan traps were more diverse than the other methods. The relationship between number of pollinators and number of flowers was significant (r2 = 0.3; p = 0.009). Cowpea can increase resources for pollinators and could be used to improve pollinator abundance and diversity in different farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice N. Dingha
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (L.E.J.); (B.A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-285-4864
| | - Louis E. Jackai
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (L.E.J.); (B.A.A.)
| | - Barbara A. Amoah
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (L.E.J.); (B.A.A.)
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Sousa EC, Raizada MN. Contributions of African Crops to American Culture and Beyond: The Slave Trade and Other Journeys of Resilient Peoples and Crops. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.586340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a general unawareness of food crops indigenous to the African continent that have contributed to Western culture. This under-appreciation is particularly relevant in the current context of societal movements to end historic racism and value the contributions of peoples of African origin and African skin colors. Lack of awareness of the contributions of Africa's crops has negative practical consequences, including inadequate investments in preserving and maximizing the use of crop diversity to facilitate breeding. This paper provides an overview and analysis of African crops that have made significant contributions to the United States and globally, and/or hold potential in the twenty-first century. The paper specifically discusses watermelon, coffee, kola, rooibos, oil palm, shea, cowpea/black eyed pea, leafy greens, okra, yam, sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, teff, and fonio. The review focuses on the intersection of these crops with racialized peoples, with a particular focus on African-Americans starting with slavery. The analysis includes the sites of domestication of African crops, their historical migration out of Africa, their sociocultural contributions to cuisines and products around the world, their uses today, and the indigenous knowledge associated with traditional cultivation and landrace selection. The untapped potential of local genetic resources and indigenous agronomic strategies are also described. The review demonstrates that African crops played an important role in the development of American cuisine, beverages and household products. Many of these crops are nutritious, high value and stress tolerant. The paper concludes that African crops hold significant promise in improving the resiliency of global food production systems, to mitigate climate change and alleviate food insecurity and rural poverty, especially in dry regions of the world. It is hoped that this review contributes to teaching the next generation of agriculturalists, food scientists and international development professionals about the valuable contributions of Africa's resilient crops and peoples.
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Yang X, Medford JI, Markel K, Shih PM, De Paoli HC, Trinh CT, McCormick AJ, Ployet R, Hussey SG, Myburg AA, Jensen PE, Hassan MM, Zhang J, Muchero W, Kalluri UC, Yin H, Zhuo R, Abraham PE, Chen JG, Weston DJ, Yang Y, Liu D, Li Y, Labbe J, Yang B, Lee JH, Cottingham RW, Martin S, Lu M, Tschaplinski TJ, Yuan G, Lu H, Ranjan P, Mitchell JC, Wullschleger SD, Tuskan GA. Plant Biosystems Design Research Roadmap 1.0. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2020; 2020:8051764. [PMID: 37849899 PMCID: PMC10521729 DOI: 10.34133/2020/8051764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human life intimately depends on plants for food, biomaterials, health, energy, and a sustainable environment. Various plants have been genetically improved mostly through breeding, along with limited modification via genetic engineering, yet they are still not able to meet the ever-increasing needs, in terms of both quantity and quality, resulting from the rapid increase in world population and expected standards of living. A step change that may address these challenges would be to expand the potential of plants using biosystems design approaches. This represents a shift in plant science research from relatively simple trial-and-error approaches to innovative strategies based on predictive models of biological systems. Plant biosystems design seeks to accelerate plant genetic improvement using genome editing and genetic circuit engineering or create novel plant systems through de novo synthesis of plant genomes. From this perspective, we present a comprehensive roadmap of plant biosystems design covering theories, principles, and technical methods, along with potential applications in basic and applied plant biology research. We highlight current challenges, future opportunities, and research priorities, along with a framework for international collaboration, towards rapid advancement of this emerging interdisciplinary area of research. Finally, we discuss the importance of social responsibility in utilizing plant biosystems design and suggest strategies for improving public perception, trust, and acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - June I. Medford
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kasey Markel
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Patrick M. Shih
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Henrique C. De Paoli
- Department of Biodesign, Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cong T. Trinh
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Alistair J. McCormick
- SynthSys and Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Raphael Ployet
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Steven G. Hussey
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Alexander A. Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1858, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Md Mahmudul Hassan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Udaya C. Kalluri
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Hengfu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Renying Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Paul E. Abraham
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - David J. Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Yinong Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology and the Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Degao Liu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Center for Precision Plant Genomics and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jessy Labbe
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Division of Plant Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Stanton Martin
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Haiwei Lu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Julie C. Mitchell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Stan D. Wullschleger
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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50
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Monteiro E, Castro I, Carvalho M, Martín JP, Rosa E, Carnide V. Iberian Peninsula cowpea diversity: chloroplast, microsatellite and morpho-agronomic variability. SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1832155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Monteiro
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal
| | - Isaura Castro
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal
- Departamento de Genética e Biotecnologia, Escola de Ciências da Vida e do Ambiente, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal
| | - Márcia Carvalho
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal
| | - Juan Pedro Martín
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal
- Departamento de Agronomia, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal
| | - Valdemar Carnide
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal
- Departamento de Genética e Biotecnologia, Escola de Ciências da Vida e do Ambiente, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal
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