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Su R, Ke W, Bai J, Wang M, Usman S, Xie D, Xu D, Chen M, Guo X. Comprehensive profiling of the metabolome in corn silage inoculated with or without Lactiplantibacillus plantarum using different untargeted metabolomics analyses. Arch Anim Nutr 2023; 77:323-341. [PMID: 37726873 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2023.2247824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Silage fermentation is a complicated biochemical process involving interactions between microbes and metabolites. However, the overall metabolome feature of ensiled forage and its response to lactic acid bacteria inoculation is poorly understood. Hence, in this study metabolome profiles of whole-plant corn silage inoculated with or without Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were characterised via solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS), and Liquid chromatography/Q Exactive HFX mass spectrometry (LC-QE-MS/MS) analysis. There were 2087 identified metabolites including 1143 reliably identified metabolites in fresh and ensiled whole-plant corn. After ensiling, the increased metabolites in whole-plant corn were mainly composed of organic acids, volatile organic compounds (VOC), benzene and substituted derivatives, carboxylic acids and derivatives, fatty acyls, flavonoids, indoles and derivatives, organooxygen compounds (including amines and amides), phenols, pyridines and derivatives, and steroids and steroid derivatives, which includes neurotransmitters and metabolites with aromatic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Phenylacetaldehyde was the most abundant aromatic metabolite after ensiling. L-isoleucine and oxoproline were the major free amino acids in silage. Ensiling markedly increased the relative abundances of 3-phenyllactic acid, chrysoeriol, 6-O-acetylaustroinulin, acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, pyridoxine, and alpha-linoleic acid. Inoculation with L. plantarum remarkably changed silage VOC composition, and essential amino acids, 3-phenyllactic acid, and cinnamaldehyde compared with untreated silage. The present study does not only provide a deeper insight into metabolites of the ensiled whole-plant corn but also reveals metabolites with specific biological functions that could be much helpful in screening novel lactic acid bacteria to well ensile forages. Inoculation with L. plantarum significantly affects the metabolome in ensiled whole-plant corn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Su
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Wencan Ke
- Department of Animal Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Musen Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Samaila Usman
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Dongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Mengyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
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Su R, Ke W, Usman S, Bai J, Akhavan Kharazian Z, Guo X. Dry matter content and inoculant alter the metabolome and bacterial community of alfalfa ensiled at high temperature. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3443-3457. [PMID: 37099058 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa silage fermentation quality, metabolome, bacterial interactions, and successions as well as their predicted metabolic pathways were explored under different dry matter contents (DM) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculations. Silages were prepared from alfalfa with DM contents of 304 (LDM) and 433 (HDM) g/kg fresh weight and inoculated with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum, LP), Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus, PP), or sterile water (control). The silages were stored at a simulated hot climate condition (35°C) and sampled at 0, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days of fermentation. The results revealed that HDM significantly improved the alfalfa silage quality and altered microbial community composition. The GC-TOF-MS analysis discovered 200 metabolites in both LDM and HDM alfalfa silage, mainly consisting of amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, and alcohols. Compared with LP and control, PP-inoculated silages had increased concentrations of lactic acid (P < 0.05) and essential amino acids (threonine and tryptophan) as well as decreased pH, putrescine content, and amino acid metabolism. However, alfalfa silage inoculated with LP had higher proteolytic activities than control and PP-inoculated silage, as revealed by a higher concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and also upregulated amino acid and energy metabolism. HDM content and P. pentosaceus inoculation significantly altered the composition of alfalfa silage microbiota from 7 to 60 days of ensiling. Conclusively, these results indicated that inoculation with PP exhibited great potential in enhancing the fermentation of silage with LDM and HDM via altering the microbiome and metabolome of the ensiled alfalfa, which could help in understanding and improving the ensiling practices under hot climate conditions. KEY POINTS: • HDM improved fermentation quality and declined putrescine content of alfalfa silage • P. pentosaceus inoculation enhanced the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage • P. pentosaceus is an ideal inoculant for alfalfa silage under high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Su
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencan Ke
- Department of Animal Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Samaila Usman
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Bai
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zohreh Akhavan Kharazian
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Lu G, Huang X, Li L, Chen C, Li P. Effects of ambient temperature and available sugar on bacterial community of Pennisetum sinese leaf: An in vitro study. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1072666. [PMID: 36687585 PMCID: PMC9853076 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1072666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present in vitro study investigated the effects of temperature and available sugar on the bacterial community of Pennisetum sinese leaf during fermentation. P. sinese leaves were cultured in MRS broth containing 0.4 and 1.6 g sugar and incubated at 25°C and 45°C for 9, 18, and 36 h. The results showed that the dominant phyla during sugar fermentation were Firmicutes, followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Compared to a low incubation temperature (25°C), a high incubation temperature (45°C) decreased the relative abundances of Exiguobacterium and Acinetobacter and increased those of Bacillus and Paenibacillus. Leaf samples incubated at 25°C showed higher bacterial alpha diversity indices than those incubated at 45°C. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that the bacterial community structure was altered by the high incubation temperature. Sugar concentration of 1.6 g/50 ml increased the relative abundances of Bacillus and Klebsiella but decreased those of Paenibacillus and Serratia as compared to sugar concentration of 0.4 g/50 ml. pH was the primary factor that influenced the succession of bacterial communities during sugar fermentation in P. sinese leaves. In conclusion, ambient temperatures (25°C and 45°C) and high sugar concentration restructured the bacterial communities on P. sinese leaves by facilitating the dominance of Bacillus and Paenibacillus. This study provided insights into the mechanisms by which bacterial communities on P. sinese leaves are enriched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrou Lu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaokang Huang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Ping Li,
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Xie H, Peng L, Li M, Guo Y, Liang X, Peng K, Yang C. Effects of mixed sugarcane tops and napiergrass silages on fermentative quality, nutritional value, and milk yield in water buffaloes. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13824. [PMID: 36908208 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sugarcane tops (STs) and napiergrass (NG) silage on fermentative quality, nutritional value and milk yield in water buffaloes. Silage were prepared either conventionally without ST (C) or mixed with 25% (S1), 50% (S2), and 75% (S3) ST based on fresh matter. Twenty-eight lactating buffaloes were divided into four groups with seven replicates and fed four experimental diets containing the corresponding silages. The S3 silage fermented well with a higher (P < 0.05) lactic acid content and lower (P < 0.05) pH and ammonia-N level than those of other mixed silage. Silage with increasing ST proportions showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, organic matter, and gross energy. As a result, water buffalo fed S3 silage increased dry matter intake (P < 0.05) and tended to have higher milk yield and feed efficiency as compared with the C group. Our study indicates that adding ST improves NG silage fermentation and enhances the nutrient digestibility and milk production in water buffaloes, and mixing ratio of 25%NG and 75%ST had the highest lactate fermentation quality and presented a high feed value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huade Xie
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yanxia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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Exploring the Epiphytic Microbial Community Structure of Forage Crops: Their Adaptation and Contribution to the Fermentation Quality of Forage Sorghum during Ensiling. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090428. [PMID: 36134971 PMCID: PMC9495736 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of epiphytic microbiota from different forages on the fermentation characteristics and microbial community structure of forage sorghum silage were investigated. The gamma irradiated sterilized forage sorghum was treated through sterile water, epiphytic microbiota of forage sorghum (FSm), Sudan grass (SDm), Napier grass (NPm), and maize (MZm). NPm and SDm inoculated silages showed similar pH value and lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) contents at day 3 and 60 of ensiling. The final silage of FSm and MZm showed lower (p < 0.05) pH and AA content and a higher LA content compared to the NPm and SDm silages. Bacterial species from the Weisella genus were predominantly present in FSm, NPm, and SDm, while Lactococcus dominated the MZm silage during early ensiling. Lactobacillus was predominant in all inoculated terminal silages. Overall, the four inoculated microbiota decreased the pH value of silage and were dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB); however, the NPm and SDm treatments resulted in comparatively higher AA contents which could have an inhibitory effect on the secondary fermentation developed by the yeast and enhanced the aerobic stability of forage sorghum silage.
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Tian J, Yin X, Zhang J. Effects of wilting during a cloudy day and storage temperature on the fermentation quality and microbial community of Napier grass silage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4384-4391. [PMID: 35075653 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilting affects the chemical compositions and epiphytic microorganisms of grasses to some extent, thereby influencing the fermentation characteristics of silage. The present study investigated the effects of wilting during a cloudy day and ensiling temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C) on the fermentation of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum). RESULTS Wilting during a cloudy day significantly decreased the water-soluble carbohydrate content (P < 0.05) and significantly increased pH, counts of lactic acid bacteria and aerobic bacteria in grass (P < 0.05). Wilting increased the relative abundance of the Enterobacteriaceae family, as well as genera such as Acinetobacter, Pantoea and Lactococcus, and also decreased that of Sphingomonas and Methylobacterium, in fresh grass. Although ensiling increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, a Enterobacteriaceae genus was the dominant microorganism in Napier grass before ensiling and after ensiling. Wilting increased pH, acetic acid, butyric acid and NH3 -N contents, and also reduced the lactic acid content, of Napier grass silage. Additionally, the fermentation quality of silages at 30 °C was poorer, irrespective of wilting, as indicated by high pH, high butyric acid and NH3 -N contents, high relative abundance of Clostridium and Bifidobacterium, and a low lactic acid content. Ensiling at 40 °C enhanced lactic acid bacteria fermentation and also suppressed clostridial fermentation and the growth of microorganisms in silages. CONCLUSION Napier grass should be ensiled immediately after being harvested during a cloudy day and ensiling at 30 °C should be avoided to prevent poor fermentation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- South Pratacultural Center, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yin
- South Pratacultural Center, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- South Pratacultural Center, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
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Zubairova L, Tagirov H, Mironova I, Iskhakov R, Vagapov I. Biotechnology techniques in animal nutrition for improving quality indicators of beef and dairy products. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota of Guinea Grass Silage Shows Various Levels of Acetic Acid Fermentation. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to gain insights into the bacterial and fungal microbiota associated with the acetic acid fermentation of tropical grass silage. Direct-cut (DC, 170 g dry matter [DM]/kg) and wilted (WT, 323 g DM/kg) guinea grass were stored in a laboratory silo at moderate (25 °C) and high (40 °C) temperatures. Bacterial and fungal microbiota were assessed at 3 days, 1 month, and 2 months after ensiling. Lactic acid was the primary fermentation product during the initial ensiling period, and a high Lactococcus abundance (19.7–39.7%) was found in DC silage. After two months, the lactic acid content was reduced to a negligible level, and large amounts of acetic acid, butyric acid, and ethanol were found in the DC silage stored at 25 °C. The lactic acid reduction and acetic acid increase were suppressed in the DC silage stored at 40 °C. Increased abundances of Lactobacillus, Clostridium, and Wallemia, as well as decreased abundances of Saitozyma, Papiliotrema, and Sporobolomyces were observed in DC silages from day three to the end of the 2 month period. Wilting suppressed acid production, and lactic and acetic acids were found at similar levels in WT silages, regardless of the temperature and storage period. The abundance of Lactobacillus (1.72–8.64%) was lower in WT than in DC silages. The unclassified Enterobacteriaceae were the most prevalent bacteria in DC (38.1–64.9%) and WT (50.9–76.3%) silages, and their abundance was negatively related to the acetic acid content. Network analysis indicated that Lactobacillus was involved in enhanced acetic acid fermentation in guinea grass silage.
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Zhao G, Wu H, Li L, He J, Hu Z, Yang X, Xie X. Effects of applying cellulase and starch on the fermentation characteristics and microbial communities of Napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silage. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1301-1313. [PMID: 34957445 PMCID: PMC8672258 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of applying cellulase and starch on the
fermentation characteristics and microbial communities of Napier grass silage
after ensiling for 30 d. Three groups were studied: No additives (control);
added cellulase (Group 1); and added cellulase and starch (Group 2). The results
showed that the addition of cellulase and starch decreased the crude protein
(CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and pH
significantly (p < 0.05) and increased water-soluble
carbohydrate (WSC) content (p < 0.05). The addition of
additives in two treated groups exerted a positive effect on the lactic acid
(LA) content, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population, and lactic acid / acetic
acid (LA/AA) ratio, even the changes were not significant (p
> 0.05). Calculation of Flieg’s scores indicated that cellulase
application increased silage quality to some extent, while the application of
cellulase and starch together significantly improved fermentation
(p < 0.05). Compared with the control, both additive
groups showed increased microbial diversity after ensiling with an abundance of
favorable bacteria including Firmicutes and Weissella, and the
bacteria including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acinetobacter
increased as well. For alpha diversity analysis, the combined application of
cellulase and starch in Group 2 gave significant increases in all indices
(p < 0.05). The study demonstrated that the
application of cellulase and starch can increase the quality of Napier grass
preserved as silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhao
- Ruminant Product Research and Development Department, Guangdong VTR Bio-Tech, Zhuhai 519060, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Li
- Ruminant Product Research and Development Department, Guangdong VTR Bio-Tech, Zhuhai 519060, China
| | - Jiajun He
- Ruminant Product Research and Development Department, Guangdong VTR Bio-Tech, Zhuhai 519060, China
| | - Zhichao Hu
- Ruminant Product Research and Development Department, Guangdong VTR Bio-Tech, Zhuhai 519060, China
| | - Xinjian Yang
- Ruminant Product Research and Development Department, Guangdong VTR Bio-Tech, Zhuhai 519060, China
| | - Xiangxue Xie
- Ruminant Product Research and Development Department, Guangdong VTR Bio-Tech, Zhuhai 519060, China
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Succession of Microbial Communities of Corn Silage Inoculated with Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria from Ensiling to Aerobic Exposure. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To further explore the effects of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on silage fermentation and aerobic stability, whole-plant corn at around the 1/2 milk-line stage was freshly chopped and ensiled in laboratory silos with deionized water (control), Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), or L. rhamnosus (LR). Each treatment was prepared in triplicate for 3, 14, and 60 d of fermentation, followed by 3 and 7 days of aerobic exposure. The dynamic changes in microbial community were studied by single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. The results showed that the two LAB inoculants altered the microbial communities in different ways. Succession from L. plantarum to L. buchneri and L. rhamnosus was observed in LB- and LR-treated silage, respectively. Both silages improved aerobic stability (82 and 78 h vs. 44 h) by occupying the microbial niche to produce higher levels of acetic acid at terminal fermentation. Because Acetobacter fabarum dominated in the silages after aerobic exposure, beta diversity dramatically decreased. In this study, a. fabarum was reported for the first time in silage and was related to aerobic spoilage. The two heterofermentative LAB produced acetic acid and improved the aerobic stability of the corn silage by occupying the microbial niche at terminal fermentation. Inoculated L. rhamnosus had a greater pH for a longer period of time after opening and less DM loss at day 7.
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Pitiwittayakul N, Bureenok S, Schonewille JT. Selective Thermotolerant Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Fermented Juice of Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Effects on Fermentation Quality of Stylo Silages. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:673946. [PMID: 34381426 PMCID: PMC8350162 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.673946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented juice of tropical crops such as Napier grass, Ruzi grass, Purple guinea grass, Stylo legume, and Leucaena and their application to improve the quality of tropical crop silage. Fifteen strains of LAB were isolated. The LAB strains were Gram-positive and catalase-negative bacteria and could be divided into three groups, i.e., Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactiplantibacillus (para)plantarum, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum according to the biochemical API 50CH test. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA sequence, the strains isolated in the group L. (para)plantarum were distinguished. Two isolates (N3 and G4) were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Three isolates (St1, St2, and St3) were identified as L. paraplantarum. In addition, the identification of other isolates was confirmed in the group P. pentosaceus (R1, R4, R5, R8, R11, and L1) and the group L. fermentum (N4, G6, G7, and N4). All selected strains were able to grow at 50°C. All LAB strains showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Shigella sonnei ATCC 25931, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778. Four selected LAB strains (St1, St3, N4, and R4) were tested for their capacity to successfully ensile Stylo legume (Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT184). Stylo silages treated with LAB were well preserved, the NH3–N and butyric acid contents were lower, and the lactic acid content was higher than those in the control (p < 0.05). The acetic acid content was the highest in R4-treated silage among the treatments (p < 0.05). The crude protein (CP) content of St1-silage was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the others. The inoculation of thermotolerant LAB selected from fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) was found to be highly instrumental to obtain well-preserved silage from the Stylo legume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittaya Pitiwittayakul
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Smerjai Bureenok
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Jan Thomas Schonewille
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Isolation, identification and utilization of lactic acid bacteria from silage in a warm and humid climate area. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12586. [PMID: 34131227 PMCID: PMC8206206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from silages and their application to improve the fermentation quality of alfalfa. Forty-nine LAB strains were isolated from silages, and two strains were screened for growth and acid production rates. Then two strains were selected for Physiological and morphological tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. They were Gram-positive and Catalase-negative and were able to grow at pH 3.5 and at 45 °C, were unable to grow different NaCl concentrations as 3.0% and 6.5%. Strain BDy3-10 was identified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus, while TSy1-3 was identified as L. buchneri. The selected strains were evaluated on fermentation of alfalfa silage. The highest crude protein content occurred in the BDy3-10 treatment group. The contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in the TSy1-3 treatment were significantly lower than other treatment (P < 0.05). Compared to the control treatment, inoculation treatments deceased pH during ensiling (P < 0.001) and provided the most increased lactic acid content after ensiling for 10 days (P < 0.001). The acetic acid contents of all the inoculation groups were significantly increased (P < 0.001) during ensiling, and were lower than that of control group (P < 0.001). So, the TSy1-3 treatment most effectively improved the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage in warm and humid climate area.
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Guo L, Wang X, Lin Y, Yang X, Ni K, Yang F. Microorganisms that are critical for the fermentation quality of paper mulberry silage. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linna Guo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Xuekai Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Yanli Lin
- Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences Beijing China
| | - Xueping Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Kuikui Ni
- College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China
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Nazar M, Wang S, Zhao J, Dong Z, Li J, Kaka NA, Shao T. Abundance and diversity of epiphytic microbiota on forage crops and their fermentation characteristic during the ensiling of sterile sudan grass. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:27. [PMID: 33433734 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exogenous epiphytic microbiota inoculation on the fermentation quality and microbial community of sudan grass silage. Gamma irradiated sudan grass was ensiled with distilled water (STR), epiphytic microbiota of sudan grass (SUDm), forage sorghum (FSm), napier grass (NAPm) and whole crop corn (WCCm). The FSm inoculated silage have significantly lower lactic acid (LA) concentration and higher pH during early ensiling, while LA concentration gradually and significantly increased with the progression of ensiling and have lower pH in relation to other treatments for terminal silage. Inoculation of NAPm resulted in lower LA and higher acetic acid (AA) concentrations, higher pH, ammonia-N and dry matter losses for terminal silage, followed by SUDm silage. Inoculations of WCCm significantly increased LA production and pH decline during early ensiling and have higher LA and pH then NAPm and SUDm silages during final ensiling. The early fermentation of SUDm silage was dominated by genus of Pediococcus. The genera of Lactobacillus were predominant in WCCm and NAPm silages during 3 days of ensiling, while Weissella dominated initial microbial community of FS silage. The terminal silage of NAPm was dominated by Enterobacter and Rosenbergiella, while Enterobacter and Lactobacillus dominated terminal SUDm silage. The final silage of FSm was dominated by Lactobacillus, Weissella and Pediococcus, while Lactobacillus and Acetobacter dominated terminal WCCm silages. The results demonstrated that among the four forages the epiphytic microbiota from forage sorghum positively influenced the microbial community and fermentability of sudan grass silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Nazar
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Siran Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Niaz Ali Kaka
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Guan H, Shuai Y, Yan Y, Ran Q, Wang X, Li D, Cai Y, Zhang X. Microbial Community and FermentationDynamics of Corn Silage Prepared withHeat-Resistant Lactic Acid Bacteria in a HotEnvironment. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E719. [PMID: 32408707 PMCID: PMC7285033 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop a silage fermentation technique to adapt to global climate changes, the microbiome and fermentation dynamics of corn silage inoculated with heat-resistant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) under high-temperature conditions were studied. Corn was ensiled in laboratory silo, with and without two selected strains, Lactobacillus salivarius LS358 and L. rhamnosus LR753, two type strains L. salivarius ATCC 11741Tand L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469T. The ensiling temperatures were designed at 30 °C and 45 °C, and the sampling took place after 0, 3, 7, 14, and 60 days of fermentation. The higher pH and dry matter losses were observed in the silages stored at 45 °C compared to those stored at 30 °C. Silages inoculated with strains LS358 and LR753 at 30 °C had a lower ratio of lactic acid/acetic acid. The dominant bacterial genera gradually changed from Pediococcus and Lactobacillus to Lactobacillus in silages during ensiling at 30 °C, while the bacterial community became more complex and fragmented after 7 d of ensiling at 45 °C. The high temperatures significantly led to a transformation of the LAB population from homo-fermentation to hetero-fermentation. This study is the first to describe microbial population dynamics response to high temperature during corn ensiling, and the results indicate that L. rhamnosus 753 shows potential ability to improve silage fermentation in tropics and subtropics. bacteria community; fermentation dynamics; high temperature; lactic acidbacteria; corn silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 6111130, China
| | - Yang Shuai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 6111130, China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 6111130, China
| | - Qifan Ran
- Institute of Grass Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Husbandry, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 6111130, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 6111130, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 6111130, China
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Guan H, Ke W, Yan Y, Shuai Y, Li X, Ran Q, Yang Z, Wang X, Cai Y, Zhang X. Screening of natural lactic acid bacteria with potential effect on silage fermentation, aerobic stability and aflatoxin B1 in hot and humid area. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 128:1301-1311. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Guan
- Animal Science and Technology College Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - W. Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro‐Ecosystems School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Y. Yan
- Animal Science and Technology College Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Y. Shuai
- Animal Science and Technology College Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - X. Li
- Animal Science and Technology College Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Q. Ran
- Institute of Grass Science Chongqing Academy of Animal Husbandry Chongqing China
| | - Z. Yang
- Animal Science and Technology College Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - X. Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Y. Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science (JIRCAS) Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - X. Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology College Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
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Shah AA, Qian C, Wu J, Liu Z, Khan S, Tao Z, Zhang X, Khan IU, Zhong X. Effects of natamycin and Lactobacillus plantarum on the chemical composition, microbial community, and aerobic stability of Hybrid pennisetum at different temperatures. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8692-8702. [PMID: 35496541 PMCID: PMC9049962 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00028k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of natamycin and Lactobacillus plantarum on the chemical composition, microbial community, and aerobic stability of Hybrid pennisetum at different temperatures. Different concentrations of natamycin (0.50 g L−1, 1.00 g L−1, and 1.50 mg L−1) significantly (p > 0.05) reduced the growth of undesirable microorganisms. During the ensiling periods the pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N), acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), aerobic bacteria (AB), and yeast were significantly (p > 0.05) reduced, while the lactic acid and lactic acid bacteria were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced in the SLP and SLNP groups as compared to the SP and SNP groups at high temperature (29–30 °C). During air exposure, water-soluble carbohydrate, ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N), lactic acid (LA), and acetic acid (AA) were not influenced, while pH and aerobic bacteria were significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced after three days (72 hours) of air exposure, and lactic acid bacteria were significantly (p > 0.05) reduced at ambient temperature (9–10 °C). It is concluded that the addition of L. plantarum CICC 20765 alone and in combination with natamycin reduced the content of AA, pH, NH3–N, BA, and undesirable microbial community, and enhanced the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and air exposure. Natamycin alone did not significantly enhance the organic acid profile but improved the air exposure. Furthermore, more effort is needed to evaluate the effects on silage preservation on a large scale and on animal performance. The inoculation of L. plantarum and natamycin influenced the fermentation quality. Natamycin and L. plantarum reduced the undesirable microbial community. During ensiling process, the LA and LABs was significantly enhanced.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Assar Ali Shah
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS)
- Nanjing 210014
- P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Chen Qian
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS)
- Nanjing 210014
- P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Juanzi Wu
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS)
- Nanjing 210014
- P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS)
- Nanjing 210014
- P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Salman Khan
- School of Life Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Zhujun Tao
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS)
- Nanjing 210014
- P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS)
- Nanjing 210014
- P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Irfan Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- College of Life Science
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210095
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhong
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS)
- Nanjing 210014
- P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Su R, Ni K, Wang T, Yang X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Shi W, Yan L, Jie C, Zhong J. Effects of ferulic acid esterase-producing Lactobacillus fermentum and cellulase additives on the fermentation quality and microbial community of alfalfa silage. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7712. [PMID: 31608168 PMCID: PMC6788448 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an important forage material widely used for animal feed production. Ensiling is an effective method for preserving alfalfa, but it has shown some limitations in the production of high-quality alfalfa silage due to its low water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content and high buffering capacity. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase are often used as silage additives to promote the ensiling process and enhance fermentation quality. Methods Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ferulic acid esterase (FAE)-producing Lactobacillus fermentum 17SD-2 (LF) and cellulase (CE) on the fermentation quality and microbial community of alfalfa silage. After 60 days of ensiling, analysis of fermentation quality and bacterial diversity in alfalfa silages were conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography and high-throughput sequencing methods. Results Alfalfa was ensiled with additives (LF, CE, and LF+CE) or without additives for 60 days. All additives increased lactic acid and decreased pH values and ammonia-N contents compared to control. Among all treatments, the combined addition of LF and CE showed lowest pH (4.66) and ammonia-N (NH3-N, 0.57% DM) content, highest contents of lactic acid (LA, 10.51% DM), dry matter (DM, 22.54%) and crude protein (CP, 24.60% DM). Combined addition of LF and CE performed better in reducing neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 29.76% DM) and acid detergent fiber (ADF, 22.86% DM) contents than the addition of LF (33.71, 27.39% DM) or CE (32.07, 25.45% DM) alone. Moreover, the microbial analysis indicated that LF+CE treatments increased the abundance of desirable Lactobacillus and inhibited the growth of detrimental Enterobacter and Clostridia in alfalfa silage. Discussion Combined addition of FAE-producing LF and CE is more effective than treatments of LF or CE alone in improving fermentation quality and nutrition values of alfalfa silage. This is likely due to a synergistic effect of CE and FAE produced by LF on plant cell wall degradation, indicating that these additives promote each other to improve fiber degradation and silage fermentation. In conclusion, combined addition of FAE-producing LF and CE could be a feasible way to improve alfalfa silage quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Su
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kuikui Ni
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianwei Wang
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopan Yang
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yayong Liu
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixiong Shi
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yan
- Hebei Zhongyu Zhongke Biotechnology Development Company, Hebei, China
| | - Chen Jie
- Hebei Zhongyu Zhongke Biotechnology Development Company, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cai Y, Du Z, Yamasaki S, Nguluve D, Tinga B, Macome F, Oya T. Influence of microbial additive on microbial populations, ensiling characteristics, and spoilage loss of delayed sealing silage of Napier grass. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:1103-1112. [PMID: 31480132 PMCID: PMC7322651 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To measure whether a microbial additive could effectively improve the fermentation quality of delayed-sealing (DS) silage, we studied the effects of inoculants of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase enzyme on microbial populations, ensiling characteristics, and spoilage loss of DS silage of Napier grass in Africa. Methods Quick-sealing (QS) and DS silages were prepared with and without LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum) inoculant, cellulase enzymes, and their combination. The QS material was directly chopped and packed into a bunker silo. The DS material was packed into the silo with a delay of 24 h from harvest. Results In the QS silage, LAB was dominant in the microbial population and produced large amounts of lactic acid. When the silage was treated with LAB and cellulase, the fermentation quality was improved. In the DS silage, aerobic bacteria and yeasts were the dominant microbes and all the silages were of poor quality. The yeast and mold counts in the DS silage were high, and they increased rapidly during aerobic exposure. As a result, the DS silages spoiled faster than the QS silages upon aerobic exposure. Conclusion DS results in poor silage fermentation and aerobic deterioration. The microbial additive improved QS silage fermentation but was not effective for DS silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Zhumei Du
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Seishi Yamasaki
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Damiao Nguluve
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola 999068, Mozambique
| | - Benedito Tinga
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola 999068, Mozambique
| | - Felicidade Macome
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola 999068, Mozambique
| | - Tetsuji Oya
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
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Li J, Yuan X, Dong Z, Mugabe W, Shao T. The effects of fibrolytic enzymes, cellulolytic fungi and bacteria on the fermentation characteristics, structural carbohydrates degradation, and enzymatic conversion yields of Pennisetum sinese silage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 264:123-130. [PMID: 29800772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological inoculants were tested on Pennisetum sinese for their effects on fermentation characteristics, structural carbohydrates degradation, and enzymatic conversion yields. Pennisetum sinese was ensiled without additive, Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp), Trichoderma reesei (Tr), fibrolytic enzymes (E), and Enterococcus faecium (Y83) for 90 days. Y83 silages had higher LA and lower AA, ammonia-N and DM loss as compared to E and Tr silages. Tr and E had superior effects for degrading lignocellulose while Y83 had intermediate effects. The first-order exponential decay models (R2 = 0.928-0.998) predicted nonstructural carbohydrates kinetics and demonstrated high water soluble carbohydrate (g/kg DM) preservation potential in Y83 (21.40), followed by Tr (18.94) and E (16.74). Addition of Y83 improved the conversion efficiency of P. sinese silage than Tr and E, indicated by higher glucose and total reducing sugars yield (22.49 and 36.89 w/w % DM, respectively). In conclusion, Y83 can be exploited for the ensiling lignocellulosic biomass before grass processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xianjun Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wazha Mugabe
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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21
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Li J, Yuan X, Desta ST, Dong Z, Mugabe W, Shao T. Characterization of Enterococcus faecalis JF85 and Enterococcus faecium Y83 isolated from Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) for ensiling Pennisetum sinese. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 257:76-83. [PMID: 29486409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two bacteria strains with cellulolytic potential isolated from Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) rumen were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (JF85) and Enterococcus faecium (Y83). Isolates grow well within a range of temperature 15 to 55 °C and pH 3.0-7.0, respectively. Two strains were inoculated with or without Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) to Pennisetum sinese silage for 90 days. All inoculants increased lactic acid content, decreased pH and lignocellulose contents compared with silage without additives (control). The lowest pH, highest lactic acid and largest reduction in lignocellulose contents were observed in JF85+Lp and Y83+Lp silages. Isolates alone or in combination with Lp significantly increased WSC, mono- and disaccharides contents as compared to the control. Combined addition efficiently improved enzymatic hydrolysis of Pennisetum sinese silage, indicated by higher glucose yield and cellulose convertibility. Pennisetum sinese ensiled with combined additives is a suitable storage and pretreatment method prior to sugars production from energy crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xianjun Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Seare T Desta
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wazha Mugabe
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Microbiological and chemical profiles of elephant grass inoculated with and without Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:311-328. [PMID: 29128870 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological and chemical profiles of elephant grass inoculated with and without different wild strains of lactic acid bacteria. Silage was prepared of four treatments and one control with three replicates as control (EKC, adding 2 ml/kg sterilizing water), Lactobacillus plantarum (USA commercial bacteria) (EKP), Lactobacillus plantarum (EKA), Pediococcus acidilactici (EKB), and Pediococcus acidilactici (SKD) isolated from King grass. Silage were prepared using polyethylene terephthalate bottles, and incubated at room temperature for different ensiling days. The pH and acetic acid (AA) were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced and lactic acid (LA), butyric acid (BA), and ethanol were significantly increased (P < 0.05) at 3, 5, 7, and 14 days in treatment groups as compared to control. Water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and NH3-N concentration was not affected at days 3, 5, and 7, but significantly (P < 0.05) reduced at 14 days in treatment groups as compared to control. The LA, BA, and ethanol were significantly (P < 0.05) increased and AA, WSC NH3-N, and yeast were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased at 30 days of ensiling in treatment groups as compared to control. It is recommended that the inoculation of LAB could improve the fermentation quality of elephant grass silage and further effort is needed to evaluate these effects on silage produced on farm scale and on animal production performance.
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Oxygen-Inducible Conversion of Lactate to Acetate in Heterofermentative Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01659-17. [PMID: 28842545 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01659-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus brevis is an obligatory heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium that produces high levels of acetate, which improve the aerobic stability of silages against deterioration caused by yeasts and molds. However, the mechanism involved in acetate accumulation has yet to be elucidated. Here, experimental evidence indicated that aerobiosis resulted in the conversion of lactate to acetate after glucose exhaustion in L. brevis ATCC 367 (GenBank accession number NC_008497). To elucidate the conversion pathway, in silico analysis showed that lactate was first converted to pyruvate by the reverse catalytic reaction of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); subsequently, pyruvate conversion to acetate might be mediated by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) or pyruvate oxidase (POX). Transcriptional analysis indicated that the pdh and pox genes of L. brevis ATCC 367 were upregulated 37.92- and 18.32-fold, respectively, by oxygen and glucose exhaustion, corresponding to 5.32- and 2.35-fold increases in the respective enzyme activities. Compared with the wild-type strain, the transcription and enzymatic activity of PDH remained stable in the Δpox mutant, while those of POX increased significantly in the Δpdh mutant. More lactate but less acetate was produced in the Δpdh mutant than in the wild-type and Δpox mutant strains, and more H2O2 (a product of the POX pathway) was produced in the Δpdh mutant. We speculated that the high levels of aerobic acetate accumulation in L. brevis ATCC 367 originated mainly from the reuse of lactate to produce pyruvate, which was further converted to acetate by the predominant and secondary functions of PDH and POX, respectively.IMPORTANCE PDH and POX are two possible key enzymes involved in aerobic acetate accumulation in lactic acid bacteria (LAB). It is currently thought that POX plays the major role in aerobic growth in homofermentative LAB and some heterofermentative LAB, while the impact of PDH remains unclear. In this study, we reported that both PDH and POX worked in the aerobic conversion of lactate to acetate in L. brevis ATCC 367, in dominant and secondary roles, respectively. Our findings will further develop the theory of aerobic metabolism by LAB.
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