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Ning L, Zhu B, Yao Z. Separation, purification and structural characterization of marine oligosaccharides: A comprehensive and systematic review of chromatographic methods. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1719:464755. [PMID: 38394786 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Marine oligosaccharides have now been applied in a wide range of industry due to various kinds of physiological activities. However, the oligosaccharides with different polymeric degrees (Dps) differed in physiological activities and applicable fields. So it is promising and essential to separate, purify and structurally characterize these oligosaccharides for understanding their structure-function relationship. This review will summarize the lasted developments in the separation, purification and structural characterization of marine oligosaccharides, including the alginate oligosaccharides, carrageenan oligosaccharides, agar oligosaccharides, chitin oligosaccharides and chitosan oligosaccharides, emphasizing the successful examples of methods for separation and purification. Furthermore, an outlook for preparation of functional oligosaccharides in food biotechnology and agriculture fields is also included. This comprehensive review could definitely promote the utilization of marine functional polysaccharides for food and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Ning
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Analysis of chitosan molecular weight profile by electrophoresis in a porosity step gradient polyacrylamide gel. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj94.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is biocompatible and biodegradable natural biopolymer widely applied in various fields of biology, medicine, and pharmacy, however, its effects significantly depend on the degree of polymerization (DP) and the degree of deacetylation (DDA) of polymer chains. Evaluation of the chitosan chain diversity by DP requires the use of a highly expensive method of high-performance size exclusion chromatography. The aim of our study was to determine the molecular weight profile of chitosan specimens by the use of electrophoresis in a porosity step gradient polyacrylamide gel and to evaluate the efficacy of this method in monitoring the purification of chitosan fragments and its derivatives. Two types of step gradient porosity gels were used: 1) gels of layers with acrylamide concentration 2.5, 3.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 % w/v for native chitosan or its high molecular fragments; 2) gels of layers with acrylamide concentration 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0 % w/v for low molecular chitosan fragments. The main amount of molecules from the chitosan pool was localized in the type 1 gel in the region of 550-40 kDa and distributed among three bands, which in different samples differed significantly in percentage. Electrophoresis of chitosan fragments fractionated by gel permeation chromatography provided a clear separation of medium molecular weight fragments (50–400 kDa) in type 1 gel and of low molecular weight fragments (3–40 kDa) in type 2 gel. Thus the method of chitosan electrophoresis in a step-gradient porosity of polyacrylamide gel was developed which permits to characterize the molecular weight profile of chitosan specimens polymer chains and is effective in monitoring the isolation of chitosan fragments by gel penetration chromatography of molecular weights from 3 to 400 kDa.
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Zhang P, Liu S, Yang S, Wang Y, Jiang T, Yu M, Lv Z. Simultaneous determination of chito-oligosaccharides in rat plasma by the LC-MS/MS method: application to a pharmacokinetic study. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:3242-3248. [PMID: 34184005 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00772f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) with degrees of polymerization (DPs) from 2 to 7 was developed and used for COS quantification in rat plasma. Samples were separated on a Waters XBridge Amide column (3.5 μm, 2.1 × 150 mm) by isometric elution with 10 mM aqueous ammonium acetate (pH = 9) in acetonitrile and 10 mM aqueous ammonium acetate (pH = 9) (v/v, 50 : 50) employing multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection. Analytes and internal standards (IS) were extracted from rat plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The assay was linear over a concentration range of 20-10 000 ng mL-1 for COS2-7. The intra-day and inter-day precision of the investigated components exhibited an RSD within 15%, and the accuracy (RE%) ranged from -7.3% to 7.6%. The extraction recoveries of the six constituents were determined to be between 82.5% and 94.3%. No significant matrix effects for COS2-7 were observed in rat plasma. COS in plasma remained stable for 24 h at room temperature (short-term), after freeze-thaw cycles, and 30 days in a -40 °C freezer. In comparison to reported COS quantitation methods, this method is simple, sensitive and cost-effective and could be used for the simultaneous quantitation of COS2-7. This method meets the Food and Drug Administration guidelines and had been successfully applied to the analysis of pharmacokinetic samples collected from rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingfu Jiang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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Activation of enzymatically produced chitooligosaccharides by dioxyamines and dihydrazides. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 232:115748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chitooligosaccharides and their biological activities: A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 184:243-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Dzherayan TG, Vanifatova NG, Burmistrov AA, Lazareva EV, Rudnev AV. Detection and quantification of chitosan aggregates by pressure-assisted capillary zone electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934817030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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van Munster JM, Thomas B, Riese M, Davis AL, Gray CJ, Archer DB, Flitsch SL. Application of carbohydrate arrays coupled with mass spectrometry to detect activity of plant-polysaccharide degradative enzymes from the fungus Aspergillus niger. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43117. [PMID: 28220903 PMCID: PMC5318901 DOI: 10.1038/srep43117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Renewables-based biotechnology depends on enzymes to degrade plant lignocellulose to simple sugars that are converted to fuels or high-value products. Identification and characterization of such lignocellulose degradative enzymes could be fast-tracked by availability of an enzyme activity measurement method that is fast, label-free, uses minimal resources and allows direct identification of generated products. We developed such a method by applying carbohydrate arrays coupled with MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry to identify reaction products of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. We describe the production and characterization of plant polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides and their attachment to hydrophobic self-assembling monolayers on a gold target. We verify effectiveness of this array for detecting exo- and endo-acting glycoside hydrolase activity using commercial enzymes, and demonstrate how this platform is suitable for detection of enzyme activity in relevant biological samples, the culture filtrate of A. niger grown on wheat straw. In conclusion, this versatile method is broadly applicable in screening and characterisation of activity of CAZymes, such as fungal enzymes for plant lignocellulose degradation with relevance to biotechnological applications as biofuel production, the food and animal feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda M van Munster
- Fungal Biology and Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Baptiste Thomas
- Chemical Biology, Manchester Institute for Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Riese
- Chemical Biology, Manchester Institute for Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Adrienne L Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Christopher J Gray
- Chemical Biology, Manchester Institute for Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - David B Archer
- Fungal Biology and Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- Chemical Biology, Manchester Institute for Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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Cao L, Wu J, Li X, Zheng L, Wu M, Liu P, Huang Q. Validated HPAEC-PAD Method for the Determination of Fully Deacetylated Chitooligosaccharides. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101699. [PMID: 27735860 PMCID: PMC5085731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and sensitive analytical method based on high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of glucosamine (GlcN)₁ and chitooligosaccharides (COS) ranging from (GlcN)₂ to (GlcN)₆ without prior derivatization. Detection limits were 0.003 to 0.016 mg/L (corresponding to 0.4-0.6 pmol), and the linear range was 0.2 to 10 mg/L. The optimized analysis was carried out on a CarboPac-PA100 analytical column (4 × 250 mm) using isocratic elution with 0.2 M aqueous sodium hydroxide-water mixture (10:90, v/v) as the mobile phase at a 0.4 mL/min flow rate. Regression equations revealed a good linear relationship (R² = 0.9979-0.9995, n = 7) within the test ranges. Quality parameters, including precision and accuracy, were fully validated and found to be satisfactory. The fully validated HPAEC-PAD method was readily applied for the quantification of (GlcN)1-6 in a commercial COS technical concentrate. The established method was also used to monitor the acid hydrolysis of a COS technical concentrate to ensure optimization of reaction conditions and minimization of (GlcN)₁ degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jinlong Wu
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 22 Maizidian Street, Beijing 110000, China.
| | - Xiuhuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Pingping Liu
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 22 Maizidian Street, Beijing 110000, China.
| | - Qiliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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Li K, Xing R, Liu S, Li P. Advances in preparation, analysis and biological activities of single chitooligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 139:178-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Naqvi S, Moerschbacher BM. The cell factory approach toward biotechnological production of high-value chitosan oligomers and their derivatives: an update. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 37:11-25. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1104289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Guerry A, Bernard J, Samain E, Fleury E, Cottaz S, Halila S. Aniline-Catalyzed Reductive Amination as a Powerful Method for the Preparation of Reducing End-“Clickable” Chitooligosaccharides. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:544-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc3003716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Guerry
- Centre de Recherches sur les
Macromolécules Végétales, CERMAV-CNRS (Affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier, member of the
Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble and of the PolyNat
Carnot Institute), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Julien Bernard
- Ingénierie des Matériaux
Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, INSA de
Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eric Samain
- Centre de Recherches sur les
Macromolécules Végétales, CERMAV-CNRS (Affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier, member of the
Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble and of the PolyNat
Carnot Institute), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Etienne Fleury
- Ingénierie des Matériaux
Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, INSA de
Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain Cottaz
- Centre de Recherches sur les
Macromolécules Végétales, CERMAV-CNRS (Affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier, member of the
Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble and of the PolyNat
Carnot Institute), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Sami Halila
- Centre de Recherches sur les
Macromolécules Végétales, CERMAV-CNRS (Affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier, member of the
Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble and of the PolyNat
Carnot Institute), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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Hattori T, Anraku N, Kato R. Separation of chitooligosaccharides in acidic solution by capillary electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 984:61-66. [PMID: 23386337 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-296-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) of chitooligosaccharides (COS) in aqueous solution is effective for their separation from other saccharides. However, COS easily adsorb on negatively charged surfaces, such as fused silica capillaries in acidic solutions. Conventional photometric detection cannot be applied directly because saccharides do not absorb ultraviolet or visible light. Here, we describe a simple CE of COS in an acidic solution using a positively charged capillary coated with N-trimethoxypropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride and indirect photometric detection with crystal violet nitrate background solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Hattori
- Department of Electric and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan.
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Mourya VK, Inamdar NN, Choudhari YM. Chitooligosaccharides: Synthesis, characterization and applications. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x11070066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tang MC, Nisole A, Dupont C, Pelletier JN, Waldron KC. Chemical profiling of the deacetylase activity of acetyl xylan esterase A (AxeA) variants on chitooligosaccharides using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Biotechnol 2011; 155:257-65. [PMID: 21767585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (oligomers of (GlcNAc)(x)(GlcN)(y)) are used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries and are reported to have therapeutic benefits. However, it is unknown whether their biological activity depends on the degree of deacetylation or the sequence of residues within the oligomer. We report here the development of a random mutagenesis method for directed evolution of Streptomyces lividans acetyl xylan esterase (AxeA), which we previously showed is able to deacetylate chitinous substrate, in order to obtain chitooligosaccharides with well-defined structural properties. A colorimetric assay was used to pre-screen libraries for p-nitrophenol acetate hydrolysis activity and an HPLC-UV absorbance assay was optimized to subsequently screen for deacetylase activity toward hexa-N-acetyl-glucosamine substrate (GlcNAc)(6). Native AxeA and two variants displaying>50% deacetylation of the oligohexamer substrate after reaction at 50°C for 24h in diluted culture supernatant were then selected for detailed analysis of the enzymatic products. A HILIC (hydrophilic interaction chromatography)-mode LC method was developed for profiling the deacetylated chitooligosaccharide products and HILIC-MS/MS sequencing revealed that ca. 30 different deacetylation products ranging from (GlcNAc)(5)(GlcN)(1) to (GlcNAc)(1)(GlcN)(5) and isomers thereof were produced. The AxeA variants produced, on average, 26% more unique products than the native enzyme; however, none were able to fully deacetylate the substrate to make (GlcN)(6). The long term goal of this multidisciplinary approach is to improve the activity of chitosan oligosaccharides to an industrially applicable level.
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Hattori T, Anraku N, Kato R. Capillary electrophoresis of chitooligosaccharides in acidic solution: Simple determination using a quaternary-ammonium-modified column and indirect photometric detection with Crystal Violet. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:477-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bao Y, Newburg DS. Capillary electrophoresis of acidic oligosaccharides from human milk. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2508-15. [PMID: 18512675 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interest in defining the array of oligosaccharides of human milk has been increasing. Pathogens that bind glycans on their host mucosal surfaces may be inhibited by human milk oligosaccharides. It has been postulated that acidic oligosaccharides in human milk may inhibit binding by pathogens that bind acidic glycans in the gut, but testing this hypothesis requires their reliable quantification in milk. Sialyloligosaccharides of human milk have been quantified by HPLC and CE. A recent CE technique uses the MEKC mode with direct detection at 205 nm to resolve and quantify, in the native form, the 12 most dominant sialyloligosaccharides of human milk in a single 35-min run. The method gives a linear response from 39 to 2500 microg/mL with a coefficient of variation between 2 to 9% and accuracy from 93 to 109%. This was used to detect variation in expression of specific sialyloligosaccharides in milk. Individual sialyloligosaccharide concentrations in milk differ among individual donors and between less and more mature milk. Thus, CE can be used to measure variation in sialyloligosaccharide expression in milk, and thereby test the relationship of this variation-to-variation in risk of specific diseases in breastfed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwu Bao
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Le Dévédec F, Bazinet L, Furtos A, Venne K, Brunet S, Mateescu MA. Separation of chitosan oligomers by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1194:165-71. [PMID: 18495137 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) separation by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) based on the differences in the interactions of chelated copper (II) ions with various COS (dimers, trimers, tetramers) is described. Polyhydroxylic chromatographic supports (agarose CL-6B and silica) were functionalized with various chelating functions such as iminodiacetate (IDA), carboxymethyl-aspartate (CM-Asp) and tris(carboxymethyl)ethylenediamine (TED). The COS retention capacities of the columns were between 2 and 6 mg/cm(3), depending on the chelating group. The COS were separated and/or enriched up to 95% for dimer and trimer and 90% for the tetramer, with yields of 60-95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantz Le Dévédec
- Department of Chemistry & Center BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, Succursale Centre Ville Montréal (Québec), H3C 3P8, Canada
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Fu X, Huang L, Zhai M, Li W, Liu H. Analysis of natural carbohydrate biopolymer-high molecular chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan by capillary zone electrophoresis. Carbohydr Polym 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Kabel MA, Heijnis WH, Bakx EJ, Kuijpers R, Voragen AGJ, Schols HA. Capillary electrophoresis fingerprinting, quantification and mass-identification of various 9-aminopyrene-1,4,6-trisulfonate-derivatized oligomers derived from plant polysaccharides. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1137:119-26. [PMID: 17092512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Various plant polysaccharide derived mono- and oligosaccharides were derivatized with the fluorescent 9-aminopyrene-1,4,6-trisulfonate (APTS) and subjected to capillary electrophoresis (CE) in combination with laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. CE-LIF was suitable for mol-based quantification of various APTS-monosaccharides. CE-LIF of APTS-oligosaccharides showed high resolutions, while analysis times were at maximum 15 min. The coupling of CE to electrospray-iontrap mass spectrometery (MS) with online UV detection showed to be a powerful technique in the identification of APTS-oligosaccharides. For the first time, various APTS-xylo-oligosaccharides, having either no, O-acetyl, arabinosyl or xylosyl substitutions at varying positions, were identified by using CE-LIF and CE-MS(n).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam A Kabel
- Wageningen University, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Kraly J, Fazal MA, Schoenherr RM, Bonn R, Harwood MM, Turner E, Jones M, Dovichi NJ. Bioanalytical Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2006; 78:4097-110. [PMID: 16771542 DOI: 10.1021/ac060704c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Kraly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
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Takayanagi T, Motomizu S. Chitosan as Cationic Polyelectrolyte for the Modification of Electroosmotic Flow and Its Utilization for the Separation of Inorganic Anions by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. ANAL SCI 2006; 22:1241-4. [PMID: 16966817 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.22.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polyelectrolyte of chitosan was used for the reversal of electroosmotic flow in capillary zone electrophoresis. The chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid solution, and stable electroosmotic flow was obtained at the chitosan concentrations between 50 and 300 microg/mL. Separation of inorganic anions was carried out using the dynamically coated capillary by capillary zone electrophoresis. Nine kinds of anions were separated and detected with the capillary. The electrophoretic mobility of the analyte anions decreased with increasing concentrations of chitosan in the migrating solution through ion-ion interaction, but the migration order of the analyte anions was not changed in the concentration range of the chitosan examined. The signal shape for the analyte anions was developed by using field-enhanced sample stacking with 10 mM sodium sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Takayanagi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Japan.
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