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Turbpaiboon C, Kasemassawachanont A, Wankijcharoen J, Thusneyapan K, Khamman P, Patharateeranart K, Amornsitthiwat R, Numwong T, Chaikittisilpa N, Kiatchai T. Characteristics of lower airway parameters in an adult Asian population related to endotracheal tube design: a cadaveric study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6137. [PMID: 38480779 PMCID: PMC10937627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of endotracheal tube (ETT) placement includes endobronchial intubation and subglottic injury. This study aimed to describe the lengths of lower airway parameters related to cuff location and vocal cord markings in different adult-sized ETTs. Eighty cadavers were examined for the lengths of the lower airway, including their correlations and linear regressions with height. Thirty adult-sized ETTs from seven different brands were examined for Mark-Cuff and Mark-Tip distances. The depth of ETT placement was simulated for each brand using vocal cord marking. The mean (standard deviation) lengths from the subglottis, trachea, vocal cord to mid- trachea, and vocal cord to carina were 24.2 (3.5), 97.9 (8.6), 73.2 (5.3), and 122.1 (9.0) mm, respectively. Airway lengths were estimated as: (1) subglottis (mm) = 0.173 * (height in cm) - 3.547; (2) vocal cord to mid-trachea (mm) = 0.28 * (height in cm) + 28.391. There were variations in the Mark-Cuff and Mark-Tip distances among different ETTs. In the simulation, endobronchial intubation ranged between 2.5 and 5% and the cuff in the subglottis ranged between 2.5 and 97.5%. In summary, the lower airway parameters were height-related. ETT placement using vocal cord marking puts the patient at a high risk of cuff placement in the subglottis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chairat Turbpaiboon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jirawat Wankijcharoen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Kittipott Thusneyapan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pramuk Khamman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Ramida Amornsitthiwat
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Terasut Numwong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nophanan Chaikittisilpa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Taniga Kiatchai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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El-Sobki A, Elkahwagi M, El-Deeb ME, Habaza FR, Salem MA, Hemdan A, El-Kholy NA, Alsobky MEI. A refashioned foley catheter: novel cost-effective available stent in pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:1827-1833. [PMID: 36282424 PMCID: PMC9988795 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) for laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) mandates stenting in certain situations. This study presents a novel commercially available and cost-effective stent, a refashioned foley catheter. METHODS This prospective clinical study was performed on pediatric cases with LTS up to 8 years. The study was performed in a tertiary referral center. The selection of the proper foley catheter size for age was explained. The atraumatic insertion maneuver of the stent was also shown in detail in different situations of LTS. The endoscopic removal of the stent was also described. The mean follow-up was 6.45 ± 1.3 months. RESULTS The study included 31 cases using the refashioned foley catheter stents. The study included 17 males and 14 females with a mean age of 3.45 ± 1.09. Subglottic stenosis was the most common cause of LTR in the study (74.2%) cases. The mean duration of stenting was 40.5 ± 3.7 days. Decannulation was achieved in 96.8% of cases. No stent complications were encountered like stent migration, excess granulation tissue, intractable aspiration, or pressure necrosis. CONCLUSION The refashioned foley catheter is a novel, available, and inexpensive stent that can be utilized for LTR cases for pediatric LTS. The newly described stent is soft, pliable with atraumatic insertion and easy endoscopic removal with minimal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Sobki
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elkahwagi
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E El-Deeb
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, El-Giesh Street, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Fedaey R Habaza
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Hemdan
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Noha Ahmed El-Kholy
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Wolter NE, Vilchez-Madrigal LD, Gorodensky Jh JH, Greer MLC, Peer S, Highmore K, Padfield N, Holowka S, Propst EJ. Predicting Maximal Costal Cartilage Graft Size for Laryngotracheal Reconstruction. Laryngoscope 2021; 132:1682-1686. [PMID: 34687469 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Current methods of assessing rib cartilage dimensions for laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) are inexact, making surgical planning difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine the most appropriate rib for costal cartilage graft LTR to minimize the number of ribs harvested and improve surgical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. METHODS Computed tomography imaging of chest scans in 25 children aged 1 to 18 years was evaluated. The lengths and widths of medial and lateral cartilaginous segments of ribs 4 to 7 were measured bilaterally. Right and left cartilaginous rib dimensions were compared using a two-sample t-test. Linear mixed-effect regression was performed to develop models quantifying the relationship between rib size and patient height, rib side, and rib number. RESULTS Regression analysis established strong models for medial rib length (R2 = 0.89) and for medial and lateral rib width (R2 = 0.71, 0.77, respectively). There was no difference in rib dimensions across chest sides. Rib length and width increased with child height. Total cartilaginous rib length increased from superiorly to inferiorly, primarily due to an increase in the dimensions of the medial portion of each rib. CONCLUSION Cartilaginous rib lengths and widths were associated with patient height, with taller children having longer ribs. Inferior ribs were longer than superior ribs, suggesting that inferior ribs may be preferred for LTR. There was no difference in cartilaginous rib length across chest side. Results may help surgeons with preoperative planning. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Not applicable Laryngoscope, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus E Wolter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luis D Vilchez-Madrigal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Children's Hospital, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jonah H Gorodensky Jh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary-Louise C Greer
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shazia Peer
- Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kerri Highmore
- Department of Radiology, Division of pediatric radiology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Padfield
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Holowka
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan J Propst
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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