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Stål P, Nord H, von Hofsten J, Holmlund T, Shah F. Desmin gene expression is not ubiquitous in all upper airway myofibers and the pattern differs between healthy and sleep apnea subjects. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:216. [PMID: 38566246 PMCID: PMC10988944 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desmin is a major cytoskeletal protein considered ubiquitous in mature muscle fibers. However, we earlier reported that a subgroup of muscle fibers in the soft palate of healthy subjects and obstructive sleep apnea patients (OSA) lacked immunoexpression for desmin. This raised the question of whether these fibers also lack messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for desmin and can be considered a novel fiber phenotype. Moreover, some fibers in the OSA patients had an abnormal distribution and aggregates of desmin. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate if these desmin protein abnormalities are also reflected in the expression of desmin mRNA in an upper airway muscle of healthy subjects and OSA patients. METHODS Muscle biopsies from the musculus uvulae in the soft palate were obtained from ten healthy male subjects and six male patients with OSA. Overnight sleep apnea registrations were done for all participants. Immunohistochemistry, in-situ hybridization, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) techniques were used to evaluate the presence of desmin protein and its mRNA. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that a group of muscle fibers lacked expression for desmin mRNA and desmin protein in healthy individuals and OSA patients (12.0 ± 5.6% vs. 23.1 ± 10.8%, p = 0.03). A subpopulation of these fibers displayed a weak subsarcolemmal rim of desmin accompanied by a few scattered mRNA dots in the cytoplasm. The muscles of OSA patients also differed from healthy subjects by exhibiting muscle fibers with reorganized or accumulated aggregates of desmin protein (14.5 ± 6.5%). In these abnormal fibers, the density of mRNA was generally low or concentrated in specific regions. The overall quantification of desmin mRNA by RT-qPCR was significantly upregulated in OSA patients compared to healthy subjects (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows evidence that muscle fibers in the human soft palate lack both mRNA and protein for desmin. This indicates a novel cytoskeletal structure and challenges the ubiquity of desmin in muscle fibers. Moreover, the observation of reorganized or accumulated aggregates of desmin mRNA and desmin protein in OSA patients suggests a disturbance in the transcription and translation process in the fibers of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Stål
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanna Nord
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas von Hofsten
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thorbjörn Holmlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Farhan Shah
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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Giombi F, Pace GM, Pirola F, Cerasuolo M, Ferreli F, Mercante G, Spriano G, Canonica GW, Heffler E, Ferri S, Puggioni F, Paoletti G, Malvezzi L. Airways Type-2 Related Disorders: Multiorgan, Systemic or Syndemic Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:730. [PMID: 38255804 PMCID: PMC10815382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has recently undergone a significant paradigm shift, moving from a phenotypical classification towards an "endotype-based" definition that places more emphasis on clinical and therapeutic aspects. Similar to other airway diseases, like asthma, most cases of CRS in developed countries exhibit a dysregulated type-2 immune response and related cytokines. Consequently, the traditional distinction between upper and lower airways has been replaced by a "united airway" perspective. Additionally, type-2 related disorders extend beyond respiratory boundaries, encompassing conditions beyond the airways, such as atopic dermatitis. This necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. Moreover, consideration of possible systemic implications is crucial, particularly in relation to sleep-related breathing diseases like Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) and the alteration of systemic inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide. The trends in epidemiological, economic, and social burden are progressively increasing worldwide, indicating syndemic characteristics. In light of these insights, this narrative review aims to present the latest evidence on respiratory type-2 related disorders, with a specific focus on CRS while promoting a comprehensive perspective on the "united airways". It also introduces a novel concept: viewing these conditions as a multiorgan, systemic, and syndemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giombi
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (F.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.W.C.); (E.H.); (S.F.); (F.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Gian Marco Pace
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (F.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.W.C.); (E.H.); (S.F.); (F.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Francesca Pirola
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (F.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Michele Cerasuolo
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (F.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, Casa di Cura Humanitas San Pio X, Via Francesco Nava 31, 20159 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferreli
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (F.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.W.C.); (E.H.); (S.F.); (F.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Mercante
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (F.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.W.C.); (E.H.); (S.F.); (F.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Spriano
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (F.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.W.C.); (E.H.); (S.F.); (F.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.W.C.); (E.H.); (S.F.); (F.P.); (G.P.)
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.W.C.); (E.H.); (S.F.); (F.P.); (G.P.)
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastian Ferri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.W.C.); (E.H.); (S.F.); (F.P.); (G.P.)
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Puggioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.W.C.); (E.H.); (S.F.); (F.P.); (G.P.)
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.W.C.); (E.H.); (S.F.); (F.P.); (G.P.)
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Malvezzi
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (F.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.W.C.); (E.H.); (S.F.); (F.P.); (G.P.)
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, Casa di Cura Humanitas San Pio X, Via Francesco Nava 31, 20159 Milan, Italy
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Liu Y, Zhou JR, Xie SQ, Yang X, Chen JL. The Effects of Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy on Children with OSAHS’s Craniomaxillofacial Growth: A Systematic Review. Children 2023; 10:children10040670. [PMID: 37189919 DOI: 10.3390/children10040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) is one of the therapeutic methods for neuromuscular re-education and has been considered as one of the auxiliary methods for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and orthodontic treatment. There is a dearth of comprehensive analysis of OMT’s effects on muscle morphology and function. This systematic review examines the literature on the craniomaxillofacial effects of OMT in children with OSAHS. This systematic analysis was carried out using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) standards, and the research was scanned using PICO principles. A total of 1776 articles were retrieved within a limited time, with 146 papers accepted for full-text perusing following preliminary inspection and 9 of those ultimately included in the qualitative analysis. Three studies were rated as having a severe bias risk, and five studies were rated as having a moderate bias risk. Improvement in craniofacial function or morphology was observed in most of the 693 children. OMT can improve the function or morphology of the craniofacial surface of children with OSAHS, and its effect becomes more significant as the duration of the intervention increases and compliance improves. In the majority of the 693 infants, improvements in craniofacial function or morphology were seen. The function or morphology of a kid’s craniofacial surface can be improved with OMT, and as the duration of the intervention lengthens and compliance rises, the impact becomes more pronounced.
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