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Vincelette RL, Curran MP, Danish SF, Grissom WA. Appearance and modeling of bubble artifacts in intracranial magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRg-LITT) temperature images. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 101:67-75. [PMID: 37011772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand if unexplained signal artifacts in MRg-LITT proton resonance frequency- (PRF-) shift thermometry images are caused by air bubbles or hemorrhages, and to characterize their effects on temperature measurements. METHODS Retrospective image data from an IRB-approved clinical trial of intracranial MRg-LITT were inspected for asymmetric distortions observed in phase data during ablations, which have been previously reported as likely hemorrhages. A total of eight patient cases were selected: seven with artifact occurrence and one without. Mathematical image models for air bubbles or hemorrhages were implemented to estimate the size of the air bubble or hemorrhage needed to explain the clinically observed phase artifacts. Correlations and Bland-Altman analyses were used to determine if an air bubble model or a hemorrhage model was better correlated to the clinical data. The model was used to inject bubbles into clean PRF phase data without artifacts to examine how temperature profile distortions change with slice orientation. The simulated air-bubble injected data were compared to clinical data containing artifacts to examine the bubbles' effects on temperature and thermal damage estimates. RESULTS The model demonstrated that air bubbles up to approximately 1 cm in diameter could explain the clinically observed phase artifacts. The bubble model predicts that a hemorrhage would have to be 2.2 times as large as an air bubble in order to explain the same extent of phase distortion observed in clinical data. Air bubbles had 16% percent higher correlations to the clinical PRF phase data than hemorrhages, even after rescaling the hemorrhage phases to better match the data. The air bubble model also explains how the phase artifacts lead to both large positive and large negative temperature errors, up to ±100 °C, which could cascade to damage estimate errors of several millimeters. CONCLUSION Results showed that the artifacts are likely caused by air bubbles rather than hemorrhages, which may be introduced before heating or appear during heating. Manufacturers and users of devices that rely upon PRF-shift thermometry should be aware these phase distortions from bubble artifacts can result in large temperature errors.
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Bianchi L, Mooney R, Cornejo YR, Schena E, Berlin JM, Aboody KS, Saccomandi P. Thermal analysis of laser irradiation-gold nanorod combinations at 808 nm, 940 nm, 975 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths in breast cancer model. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:1099-1110. [PMID: 34315306 PMCID: PMC8352379 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1956601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photothermal therapy is currently under the spotlight to improve the efficacy of minimally invasive thermal treatment of solid tumors. The interplay of several factors including the radiation wavelengths and the nanoparticle characteristics underlie the thermal outcome. However, a quantitative thermal analysis in in vivo models embedding nanoparticles and under different near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths is missing. Purpose We evaluate the thermal effects induced by different combinations of NIR laser wavelengths and gold nanorods (GNRs) in breast cancer tumor models in mice. Materials and methods Four laser wavelengths within the therapeutic window, i.e., 808, 940, 975, and 1064 nm were employed, and corresponding GNRs were intratumorally injected. The tissue thermal response was evaluated in terms of temperature profile and time constants, considering the step response of a first-order system as a model. Results The 808 nm and 1064 nm lasers experienced the highest temperature enhancements (>24%) in presence of GNRs compared to controls; conversely, 975 nm and 940 nm lasers showed high temperatures in controls due to significant tissue absorption and the lowest temperature difference with and without GNRs (temperature enhancement <10%). The presence of GNRs resulted in small time constants, thus quicker laser-induced thermal response (from 67 s to 33 s at 808 nm). Conclusions The thermal responses of different GNR-laser wavelength combinations quantitatively validate the widespread usage of 808 nm laser for nanoparticle-assisted photothermal procedures. Moreover, our results provide insights on other usable wavelengths, toward the identification of an effective photothermal treatment strategy for the removal of focal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bianchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rachael Mooney
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne R Cornejo
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Emiliano Schena
- School of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacob M Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Yung JP, Fuentes D, MacLellan CJ, Maier F, Liapis Y, Hazle JD, Stafford RJ. Referenceless magnetic resonance temperature imaging using Gaussian process modeling. Med Phys 2017; 44:3545-3555. [PMID: 28317125 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE During magnetic resonance (MR)-guided thermal therapies, water proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS)-based MR temperature imaging can quantitatively monitor tissue temperature changes. It is widely known that the PRFS technique is easily perturbed by tissue motion, tissue susceptibility changes, magnetic field drift, and modality-dependent applicator-induced artifacts. Here, a referenceless Gaussian process modeling (GPM)-based estimation of the PRFS is investigated as a methodology to mitigate unwanted background field changes. The GPM offers a complementary trade-off between data fitting and smoothing and allows prior information to be used. The end result being the GPM provides a full probabilistic prediction and an estimate of the uncertainty. METHODS GPM was employed to estimate the covariance between the spatial position and MR phase measurements. The mean and variance provided by the statistical model extrapolated background phase values from nonheated neighboring voxels used to train the model. MR phase predictions in the heating ROI are computed using the spatial coordinates as the test input. The method is demonstrated in ex vivo rabbit liver tissue during focused ultrasound heating with manually introduced perturbations (n = 6) and in vivo during laser-induced interstitial thermal therapy to treat the human brain (n = 1) and liver (n = 1). RESULTS Temperature maps estimated using the GPM referenceless method demonstrated a RMS error of <0.8°C with artifact-induced reference-based MR thermometry during ex vivo heating using focused ultrasound. Nonheated surrounding areas were <0.5°C from the artifact-free MR measurements. The GPM referenceless MR temperature values and thermally damaged regions were within the 95% confidence interval during in vivo laser ablations. CONCLUSIONS A new approach to estimation for referenceless PRFS temperature imaging is introduced that allows for an accurate probabilistic extrapolation of the background phase. The technique demonstrated reliable temperature estimates in the presence of the background phase changes and was demonstrated useful in the in vivo brain and liver ablation scenarios presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Yung
- Unit 1902, Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, 6767 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Fuentes
- Unit 1902, Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, 6767 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher J MacLellan
- Unit 1902, Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, 6767 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Florian Maier
- Unit 1902, Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yannis Liapis
- Unit 1902, Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John D Hazle
- Unit 1902, Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, 6767 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - R Jason Stafford
- Unit 1902, Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, 6767 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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PRFS-based MR thermometry versus an alternative T1 magnitude method--comparative performance predicting thermally induced necrosis in hepatic tumor ablation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78559. [PMID: 24205260 PMCID: PMC3813475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the accuracy of a semi-quantitative proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) thermal mapping interface and an alternative qualitative T1 thermometry model in predicting tissue necrosis in an established routine setting of MRI-guided laser ablation in the human liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS 34 cases of PRFS-guided (GRE) laser ablation were retrospectively matched with 34 cases from an earlier patient population of 73 individuals being monitored through T1 magnitude image evaluation (FLASH 2D). The model-specific real-time estimation of necrotizing thermal impact (above 54 °C zone and T1 signal loss, respectively) was correlated in size with the resulting necrosis as shown by lack of enhancement on the first-day contrast exam (T1). Matched groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS Online PRFS guidance was available in 33 of 34 cases. Positive size correlation between calculated impact zone and contrast defect at first day was evident in both groups (p < 0.0004). The predictive error estimating necrosis was median 21% (range 1 %-52%) in the PRFS group and 61 % (range 22-84%) in the T1 magnitude group. Differences in estimating lethal impact were significant (p = 0.004), whereas the real extent of therapy-induced necrosis showed no significant difference (p > 0.28) between the two groups. CONCLUSION PRFS thermometry is feasible in a clinical setting of thermal hepatic tumor ablation. As an interference-free MR-tool for online therapy monitoring its accuracy to predict tissue necrosis is superior to a competing model of thermally induced alteration of the T1 magnitude signal.
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Chen J, Woodrum DA, Glaser KJ, Murphy MC, Gorny K, Ehman R. Assessment of in vivo laser ablation using MR elastography with an inertial driver. Magn Reson Med 2013; 72:59-67. [PMID: 23904298 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of using MR Elastography (MRE) to monitor tissue coagulation extent during in vivo percutaneous laser ablation of the liver. METHODS A novel inertial acoustic driver was developed to apply mechanical waves via the ablation instrument. Ablation testing was performed in live juvenile female pigs under anesthesia in a 1.5-T whole-body MRI scanner. RESULTS The inertial driver produced suitable mechanical wave fields in the liver before, during, and after the laser ablation. During 2-min ablations using 4.5-, 7.5- and 15-W laser power, the stiffness of the lesions changed substantially in response to laser heating, indicative of protein denaturation. After a lethal thermal dose (2-min, 15-W) ablation, lesion stiffness was significantly greater than the baseline values (P < 0.007) and became stiffer over time; the mean stiffness increments from baseline were significantly greater than those after lower dose (2-min, 7.5-W) ablations (64.4% vs. 22.5%, P = 0.009). CONCLUSION MRE was shown capable of measuring tissue stiffness changes due to in vivo laser ablation. If confirmed through additional studies, this technology may be useful in clinical tumor ablation to monitor the spatial extent of tissue coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Radiology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Beer F, Körpert W, Passow H, Steidler A, Meinl A, Buchmair AG, Moritz A. Reduction of collateral thermal impact of diode laser irradiation on soft tissue due to modified application parameters. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:917-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-1007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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