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Lu J, Roy B, Anderson M, Leggett CL, Levy MJ, Pogue B, Hasan T, Wang KK. Verteporfin- and sodium porfimer-mediated photodynamic therapy enhances pancreatic cancer cell death without activating stromal cells in the microenvironment. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-11. [PMID: 31741351 PMCID: PMC7003148 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.11.118001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of our study was to determine the susceptibility of different pancreatic cell lines to clinically applicable photodynamic therapy (PDT). The efficacy of PDT of two different commercially available photosensitizers, verteporfin and sodium porfimer, was compared using a panel of four different pancreatic cancer cell lines, PANC-1, BxPC-3, CAPAN-2, and MIA PaCa-2, and an immortalized non-neoplastic pancreatic ductal epithelium cell line, HPNE. The minimum effective concentrations and dose-dependent curves of verteporfin and sodium porfimer on PANC-1 were determined. Since pancreatic cancer is known to have significant stromal components, the effect of PDT on stromal cells was also assessed. To mimic tumor-stroma interaction, a co-culture of primary human fibroblasts or human pancreatic stellate cell (HPSCs) line with PANC-1 was used to test verteporfin-PDT-mediated cell death of PANC-1. Two cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) were used for stimulation of primary fibroblasts (derived from human esophageal biopsies) or HPSCs. The increased expression of smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) confirmed the activation of fibroblasts or HPSC upon treatment with TNF-α and IL-1β. Cell death assays showed that both sodium porfimer- and verteporfin-mediated PDT-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. However, verteporfin-PDT treatment had a greater efficiency with 60 × lower concentration than sodium porfimer-PDT in the PANC-1 incubated with stimulated fibroblasts or HPSC. Moreover, activation of stromal cells did not affect the treatment of the pancreatic cancer cell lines, suggesting that the effects of PDT are independent of the inflammatory microenvironment found in this two-dimensional culture model of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lu
- Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Barrett’s Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Peking University Third Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Beijing, China
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Barrett’s Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Marlys Anderson
- Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Barrett’s Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Cadman L. Leggett
- Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Barrett’s Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Michael J. Levy
- Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Barrett’s Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Brian Pogue
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Harvard School of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kenneth K. Wang
- Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Barrett’s Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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Hutchinson MR, Stoddart PR, Mahadevan-Jansen A. Challenges and opportunities in neurophotonics discussed at the International Conference on Biophotonics 2017. NEUROPHOTONICS 2018; 5:040402. [PMID: 30450362 PMCID: PMC6225684 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.5.4.040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurophotonics is an exploding field that spans the intersection of light and neurons for fundamental discovery and clinical translation. Optical technologies have significantly impacted brain research by probing into the mysteries of the brain, modulating brain activity, and improving patient care. Based on a discussion held at the International Conference on Biophotonics 2017, a group of leading researchers brainstormed to identify areas of unmet need in neuroscience and medicine, where biophotonics research could have the highest affect. We present two areas of future growth that spans basic research and clinical needs: management of chronic pain and interventional neuroimmunology. There are many directions within these areas that could be pursued for the ultimate goal of improved understanding of the brain and enhanced care of patients with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Hutchinson
- University of Adelaide, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul R. Stoddart
- Swinburne University of Technology, ARC Training Center in Biodevices, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anita Mahadevan-Jansen
- Vanderbilt University, Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Huang Y, Zheng L, Yang H, Chen J, Wang Y, Li H, Xie S, Zeng H. Measuring the dynamics of cyclic adenosine monophosphate level in living cells induced by low-level laser irradiation using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:051029. [PMID: 25611980 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.5.051029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated that the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), an important second messenger, is involved in the mechanism of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) treatment. However, most of these studies obtained the cAMP level in cell culture extracts or supernatant. In this study, the cAMP level in living cells was measured with bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). The effect of LLLI on cAMP level in living cells with adenosine receptors blocked was explored to identify the role of adenosine receptors in LLLI. The results showed that LLLI increased the cAMP level. Moreover, the rise of cAMP level was light dose dependent but wavelength independent for 658-, 785-, and 830-nm laser light. The results also exhibited that the adenosine receptors, a class of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), modulated the increase of cAMP level induced by LLLI. The cAMP level increased more significantly when the A3 adenosine receptors (A3R) were blocked by A3R antagonist compared with A1 adenosine receptor or A2a adenosine receptor blocked in HEK293T cells after LLLI, which was in good agreement with the adenosine receptors’ expressions. All these results suggested that measuring the cAMP level with BRET could be a useful technique to study the role of GPCRs in living cells under LLLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Huang
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 35
| | - Liqin Zheng
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 35
| | - Hongqin Yang
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 35
| | - Jiangxu Chen
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 35
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 35
| | - Hui Li
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 35
| | - Shusen Xie
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 35
| | - Haishan Zeng
- British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre, Imaging Unit-Integrative Oncology Department, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
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Young HK, Tan X, Xia N, Richter CP. Target structures for cochlear infrared neural stimulation. NEUROPHOTONICS 2015; 2:025002. [PMID: 26158006 PMCID: PMC4478722 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.2.025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Infrared neural stimulation (INS) is a method to depolarize neurons with infrared light. While consensus exists that heating of the target structure is essential, subsequent steps that result in the generation of an action potential are controversially discussed in the literature. The question of whether cochlear INS is an acoustic event has not been clarified. Results have been published that could be explained solely by an acoustic event. However, data exist that do not support an acoustical stimulus as the dominant factor in cochlear INS. We review the different findings that have been suggested for the mechanism of INS. Furthermore, we present the data that clarify the role of an acoustical event in cochlear INS. Masking experiments have been performed in hearing, hearing impaired, and severely hearing impaired animals. In normal hearing animals, the laser response could be masked by the acoustic stimulus. Once thresholds to acoustic stimuli were elevated, the ability to acoustically mask the INS response gradually disappeared. Thresholds for acoustic stimuli were significantly elevated in animals with compromised cochlear function, while the thresholds for optical stimulation remained largely unchanged. The results suggest that the direct interaction between the radiation and the target structure dominates cochlear INS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter K. Young
- Northwestern University, Department of Otolaryngology, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Searle 12-561, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Northwestern University, Department of Otolaryngology, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Searle 12-561, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Nan Xia
- Northwestern University, Department of Otolaryngology, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Searle 12-561, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Claus-Peter Richter
- Northwestern University, Department of Otolaryngology, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Searle 12-561, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E310, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Northwestern University, The Hugh Knowles Center, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Claus-Peter Richter, E-mail:
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Mantineo M, Pinheiro JP, Morgado AM. Low-level laser therapy on skeletal muscle inflammation: evaluation of irradiation parameters. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:98002. [PMID: 25200395 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.9.098002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of different irradiation parameters in low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for treating inflammation induced in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats through cytokines concentration in systemic blood and analysis of muscle tissue. We used continuous (830 and 980 nm) and pulsed illuminations (830 nm). Animals were divided into five groups per wavelength (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mW), and a control group. LLLT was applied during 5 days with a constant irradiation time and area. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Inflammatory cells were counted using microscopy. Identical methodology was used with pulsed illumination. Average power (40 mW) and duty cycle were kept constant (80%) at five frequencies (5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 Hz). For continuous irradiation, treatment effects occurred for all doses, with a reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 cytokines and inflammatory cells. Continuous irradiation at 830 nm was more effective, a result explained by the action spectrum of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). Best results were obtained for 40 mW, with data suggesting a biphasic dose response. Pulsed wave irradiation was only effective for higher frequencies, a result that might be related to the rate constants of the CCO internal electron transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Mantineo
- University of Coimbra, Instrumentation Center, Department of Physics, Coimbra 3004-516, PortugalbIBILI-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Azinhaga de Santa Comba-Celas, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - João P Pinheiro
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba-Celas, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - António M Morgado
- University of Coimbra, Instrumentation Center, Department of Physics, Coimbra 3004-516, PortugalbIBILI-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Azinhaga de Santa Comba-Celas, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
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Zamora G, Wang F, Sun CH, Trinidad A, Kwon YJ, Cho SK, Berg K, Madsen SJ, Hirschberg H. Photochemical internalization-mediated nonviral gene transfection: polyamine core-shell nanoparticles as gene carrier. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:105009. [PMID: 25341069 PMCID: PMC4206751 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.10.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The overall objective of the research was to investigate the utility of photochemical internalization (PCI) for the enhanced nonviral transfection of genes into glioma cells. The PCI-mediated introduction of the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) or the cytosine deaminase (CD) pro-drug activating gene into U87 or U251 glioma cell monolayers and multicell tumor spheroids were evaluated. In the study reported here, polyamine-DNA gene polyplexes were encapsulated in a nanoparticle (NP) with an acid degradable polyketal outer shell. These NP synthetically mimic the roles of viral capsid and envelope, which transport and release the gene, respectively. The effects of PCI-mediated suppressor and suicide genes transfection efficiency employing either “naked” polyplex cores alone or as NP-shelled cores were compared. PCI was performed with the photosensitizer AlPcS 2a and λ=670-nm laser irradiance. The results clearly demonstrated that the PCI can enhance the delivery of both the PTEN or CD genes in human glioma cell monolayers and multicell tumor spheroids. The transfection efficiency, as measured by cell survival and inhibition of spheroid growth, was found to be significantly greater at suboptimal light and DNA levels for shelled NPs compared with polyamine-DNA polyplexes alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesis Zamora
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Frederick Wang
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Chung-Ho Sun
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Anthony Trinidad
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- University of California, Department of Chemical Engineering/Material Science, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697-2575, United States
- University of California, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 147 Bison Modular, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Soo Kyung Cho
- University of California, Department of Chemical Engineering/Material Science, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697-2575, United States
| | - Kristian Berg
- Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Department of Radiation Biology, Ullernchausseen 70, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Steen J. Madsen
- University of Nevada, Department of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Henry Hirschberg
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
- University of Nevada, Department of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
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