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Widyaya VT, Riga EK, Müller C, Lienkamp K. Sub-micrometer Sized, 3D-Surface-attached Polymer Networks by Microcontact Printing: Using UV-Crosslinking Efficiency to Tune Structure Height. Macromolecules 2018; 54:1409-1417. [PMID: 34404958 PMCID: PMC7611507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The lateral dimensions of micro- and nanostructures obtained by microcontact printing (μCP) can be easily varied by selecting stamps with the desired spacing and pattern. However, the height of these structures cannot be tuned as easily, and in most cases only 2D structures are obtained. Here, we show how the chemical cross-linking properties of polymer inks designed for μCP can be used to obtain 3D structures with heights ranging from 3 to 750 nm using the same μCP stamps. This is technologically relevant because the ink concentration affects the quality and resolution of the printed image, and therefore can only be varied in a certain range. By exploiting the cross-linking efficiency to tune the height, an additional parameter is available to reach the desired structure height without compromising the image quality. The inks were made from copolymers containing a low percentage of different UV cross-linkable repeat units: nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD), coumarin (COU), and/or benzophenone (BP). The base polymer of the here presented model system was an antimicrobially active poly(oxanorbornene) (SMAMP), however the concept should be transferable to many other polymer backbones. We describe the fabrication and characterization of the printed micro- and nanostructures made from pure SMAMP, NBD-SMAMP, coumarin-SMAMP, BP-SMAMP, BP-NBD-SMAMP and BP-coumarin-SMAMP polymer inks. The photo-dimerization of COU during UV irradiation at λ = 254 nm was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Since NBD and COU are fluorescent, the polymer could be visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, their height profiles were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The heights of the 3D surface-attached polymer networks obtained from the here presented polymer inks correlated with the gel-content of the corresponding unstructured polymer layers, and thus with the cross-linking efficiency of the NBD, COU and BP cross-linkers. Due to being covalently cross-linked, these 3D-surface attached polymer structures were solvent-stable and stable in aqueous surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Tanda Widyaya
- Bioactive Polymer Synthesis and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther K. Riga
- Bioactive Polymer Synthesis and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claas Müller
- Laboratory for Process Technology, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karen Lienkamp
- Bioactive Polymer Synthesis and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Couturaud B, Molero Bondia A, Faye C, Garrelly L, Mas A, Robin JJ. Grafting of poly-L-lysine dendrigrafts onto polypropylene surface using plasma activation for ATP immobilization - Nanomaterial for potential applications in biotechnology. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 408:242-51. [PMID: 23928489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes a new environmental friendly strategy for the development of surfaces with high amine density via the grafting of native or modified poly-L-lysine dendrigraft (DGL G3) onto plasma activated polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyimide, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) surface. Modified DGL G3 was prepared by replacement of few peripheral amines by various functionalities. Grafting efficiency was determined by wettability measurements, IRTF, XPS, AFM, and by colorimetry using optimized Coomassie Brilliant Blue method tailored for surface analysis. It was shown that a 4-7nm DGL G3 monolayer with 4×10(14)aminecm(-)(2) was covalently grafted onto various surfaces. Immobilization of adenosine triphosphate on the DGL-g-PP material from dilute solution was studied by bioluminescence and proved the ability of the material to interact with polyanionic biological compounds: 1 ATP complex with 5 amine groups. So, this material has a potential use in diagnostic and more widely for biotechnology due to its high capacity for biomolecule immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Couturaud
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1, Equipe Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Université Montpellier 2, cc1702, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Gokhale AA, Lee I. Cellulase Immobilized Nanostructured Supports for Efficient Saccharification of Cellulosic Substrates. Top Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-012-9891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Caminade AM, Hameau A, Majoral JP. Multicharged and/or water-soluble fluorescent dendrimers: properties and uses. Chemistry 2010; 15:9270-85. [PMID: 19718727 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence of water-soluble dendritic compounds can be due to the whole structure or to fluorophores used as core, as peripheral groups, or as branches. Highly sophisticated precisely defined structures with other functional groups usable for material or biological purposes have been synthesised, but many recent examples have shown that dendrimers can be used as versatile platforms for statistically linking various types of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC) CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France.
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Abstract
It's all about polymers! Polymers play a key role in the patterning and functionalization of surfaces by microcontact printing. Polymers are versatile stamps, inks and substrates and microcontact printing can provide microstructured polymer surfaces in a single printing step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kaufmann
- Organic Chemistry Institute
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Münster
- Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Münster
- Germany
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Newkome GR, Shreiner CD. Poly(amidoamine), polypropylenimine, and related dendrimers and dendrons possessing different 1→2 branching motifs: An overview of the divergent procedures. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Zhang D, Hamilton PD, Kao JLF, Venkataraman S, Wooley KL, Ravi N. Formation of nanogel aggregates by an amphiphilic cholesteryl-poly(amidoamine) dendrimer in aqueous media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kohli N, Worden RM, Lee I. Direct Transfer of Preformed Patterned Bio-Nanocomposite Films on Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Templates. Macromol Biosci 2007; 7:789-97. [PMID: 17541924 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200700006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microarrays containing multiple, nanostructured layers of biological materials would enable high-throughput screening of drug candidates, investigation of protein-mediated cell adhesion, and fabrication of novel biosensors. In this paper, we have examined in detail an approach that allows high-quality microarrays of layered, bionanocomposite films to be deposited on virtually any substrate. The approach uses LBL self-assembly to pre-establish a multilayered structure on an elastomeric stamp, and then uses microCP to transfer the 3-D structure intact to the target surface. For examples, different 3-D patterns containing dendrimers, polyelectrolyte multilayers and two proteins, sADH and sDH, have been fabricated. For the first time, the approach was also extended to create overlaid bionanocomposite patterns and multiple proteins containing patterns. The approach overcomes a problem encountered when using microCP to establish a pattern on the target surface and then building sequential layers on the pattern via LBL self-assembly. Amphiphilic molecules such as proteins and dendrimers tend to adsorb both to the patterned features as well as the underlying substrate, resulting in low-quality patterns. By circumventing this problem, this research significantly extends the range of surfaces and layering constituents that can be used to fabricate 3-D, patterned, bionanocomposite structures. [image in text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kohli
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI-48824, USA
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Tomczak N, Vancso GJ. Microcontact printed poly(amidoamine) dendrimer monolayers on silicon oxide surface. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Vohs JK, Fahlman BD. Advances in the controlled growth of nanoclusters using a dendritic architecture. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b616472m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kohli N, Vaidya S, Ofoli RY, Worden RM, Lee I. Arrays of lipid bilayers and liposomes on patterned polyelectrolyte templates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 301:461-9. [PMID: 16790245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Revised: 05/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents novel methods to produce arrays of lipid bilayers and liposomes on patterned polyelectrolyte multilayers. We created the arrays by exposing patterns of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDAC), polyethylene glycol (m-dPEG) acid, and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) on polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) to liposomes of various compositions. The resulting interfaces were characterized by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), fluorescence recovery after pattern photobleaching (FRAPP), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and fluorescence microscopy. Liposomes composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (monosodium salt) (DOPA) were found to preferentially adsorb on PDAC and PAH surfaces. On the other hand, liposome adsorption on sulfonated poly(styrene) (SPS) surfaces was minimal, due to electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged liposomes and the SPS-coated surface. Surfaces coated with m-dPEG acid were also found to resist liposome adsorption. We exploited these results to create arrays of lipid bilayers by exposing PDAC, PAH and m-dPEG patterned substrates to DOPA/DOPC vesicles of various compositions. The patterned substrates were created by stamping PDAC (or PAH) on SPS-topped multilayers, and m-dPEG acid on PDAC-topped multilayers, respectively. This technique can be used to produce functional biomimetic interfaces for potential applications in biosensors and biocatalysis, for creating arrays that could be used for high-throughput screening of compounds that interact with cell membranes, and for probing, and possibly controlling, interactions between living cells and synthetic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kohli
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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13
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Dvornic PR. PAMAMOS: The first commercial silicon-containing dendrimers and their applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cormack PAG, Shirshova N, Steinke JHG. Hyperbranched (Co)Polymers via Free Radical Polymerization of Polymerizable Barton Esters. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ie048770x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. A. G. Cormack
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom, and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N. Shirshova
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom, and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J. H. G. Steinke
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom, and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Ahn JS, Hammond PT, Rubner MF, Lee I. Self-assembled particle monolayers on polyelectrolyte multilayers: particle size effects on formation, structure, and optical properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Quist AP, Pavlovic E, Oscarsson S. Recent advances in microcontact printing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381:591-600. [PMID: 15696278 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2004] [Revised: 08/10/2004] [Accepted: 09/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microcontact printing is a remarkable surface patterning technique. Developed about 10 years ago, it has triggered enormous interest from the surface science community, as well as from engineers and biologists. The last five years have been rich in improvements to the microcontact printing process itself, as well as in new technical innovations, many designed to suit new applications. In this review, we describe the evolution of microcontact printing over the past five years. The review is categorized into three main sections: the improvements made to the technique, new variations, and new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan P Quist
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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Kohli N, Worden RM, Lee I. Intact transfer of layered, bionanocomposite arrays by microcontact printing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:316-8. [PMID: 15645022 DOI: 10.1039/b406430e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach is presented that allows high-quality, 3D patterned bionanocomposite layered films to be constructed on substrates whose surface properties are incompatible with existing self-assembly methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kohli
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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