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Wang Y, Collinson DW, Kwon H, Miller RD, Lionti K, Goodson KE, Dauskardt RH. Linking Interfacial Bonding and Thermal Conductivity in Molecularly-Confined Polymer-Glass Nanocomposites with Ultra-High Interfacial Density. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301383. [PMID: 36971287 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thermal transport in polymer nanocomposites becomes dependent on the interfacial thermal conductance due to the ultra-high density of the internal interfaces when the polymer and filler domains are intimately mixed at the nanoscale. However, there is a lack of experimental measurements that can link the thermal conductance across the interfaces to the chemistry and bonding between the polymer molecules and the glass surface. Characterizing the thermal properties of amorphous composites are a particular challenge as their low intrinsic thermal conductivity leads to poor measurement sensitivity of the interfacial thermal conductance. To address this issue here, polymers are confined in porous organosilicates with high interfacial densities, stable composite structure, and varying surface chemistries. The thermal conductivities and fracture energies of the composites are measured with frequency dependent time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) and thin-film fracture testing, respectively. Effective medium theory (EMT) along with finite element analysis (FEA) is then used to uniquely extract the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) from the measured thermal conductivity of the composites. Changes in TBC are then linked to the hydrogen bonding between the polymer and organosilicate as quantified by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. This platform for analysis is a new paradigm in the experimental investigation of heat flow across constituent domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David W Collinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heungdong Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert D Miller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Krystelle Lionti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Hybrid Polymeric Materials, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth E Goodson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Reinhold H Dauskardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Randazzo K, Bartkiewicz M, Graczykowski B, Cangialosi D, Fytas G, Zuo B, Priestley RD. Direct Visualization and Characterization of Interfacially Adsorbed Polymer atop Nanoparticles and within Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Randazzo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4, 20018, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Xu W, Mihhels K, Kotov N, Lepikko S, Ras RHA, Johnson CM, Pettersson T, Kontturi E. Solid-state polymer adsorption for surface modification: The role of molecular weight. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:441-450. [PMID: 34333417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Solid-state polymer adsorption offers a distinct approach for surface modification. These ultrathin, so-called Guiselin layers can easily be obtained by placing a polymer melt in contact with an interface, followed by a removal of the non-adsorbed layer with a good solvent. While the mechanism of formation has been well established for Guiselin layers, their stability, crucial from the perspective of materials applications, is not. The stability is a trade-off in the entropic penalty between cooperative detachment of the number of segments directly adsorbed on the substrate and consecutively pinned monomers. EXPERIMENTS Experimental model systems of Guiselin layers of polystyrene (PS) on silicon wafers with native oxide layer on top were employed. The stability of the adsorbed layers was studied as a function of PS molecular weight and polydispersibility by various microscopic and spectroscopic tools as well as quasi-static contact angle measurements. FINDINGS Adsorbed layers from low molecular weight PS were disrupted with typical spinodal decomposition patterns whereas high molecular weight (>500 kDa) PS resulted in stable, continuous layers. Moreover, we show that Guiselin layers offer an enticing way to modify a surface, as demonstrated by adsorbed PS that imparts a hydrophobic character to initially hydrophilic silicon wafers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Xu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karl Mihhels
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Nikolay Kotov
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sakari Lepikko
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Robin H A Ras
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - C Magnus Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Pettersson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
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Zhao M, Baker J, Jiang Z, Zhu Z, Wu HM, Wu JL, Kang WH, Sue HJ. Preparation of Well-Exfoliated Poly(ethylene- co-vinyl acetate)/α-Zirconium Phosphate Nanocomposites. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4550-4561. [PMID: 33826349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVAc) nanocomposites containing exfoliated α-zirconium phosphate (ZrP) have been prepared using a simple solution mixing method to improve their barrier and mechanical properties. ZrP was pre-exfoliated with a surfactant, followed by additional targeted surface functionalization and surfactant exchange to allow for hydrogen bonding of ZrP with the acetate functionality on PEVAc and to improve ZrP surface hydrophobicity. The solvent is found to play an important role in stabilizing ZrP exfoliation in the presence of PEVAc to retain full exfoliation and homogeneous dispersion upon the removal of the solvent. The PEVAc/ZrP nanocomposite exhibits greatly improved oxygen barrier, melt strength, and mechanical properties. The usefulness of the present study for the preparation of olefinic polymer nanocomposites is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Zhao
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Joseph Baker
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zewen Zhu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hong-Mao Wu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Polyolefin Department of Formosa Plastics Corporation, Mailiao, Yunlin County 63801, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Long Wu
- Polyolefin Department of Formosa Plastics Corporation, Mailiao, Yunlin County 63801, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Kang
- Polyolefin Department of Formosa Plastics Corporation, Mailiao, Yunlin County 63801, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jue Sue
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Napolitano S. Irreversible adsorption of polymer melts and nanoconfinement effects. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5348-5365. [PMID: 32419002 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For almost a decade, growing experimental evidence has revealed a strong correlation between the properties of nanoconfined polymers and the number of chains irreversibly adsorbed onto nonrepulsive interfaces, e.g. the supporting substrate of thin polymer coatings, or nanofillers dispersed in polymer melts. Based on such a correlation, it has already been possible to tailor structural and dynamics properties - such as the glass transition temperature, the crystallization rate, the thermal expansion coefficients, the viscosity and the wettability - of nanomaterials by controlling the adsorption kinetics. This evidence indicates that irreversible adsorption affects nanoconfinement effects. More recently, also the opposite phenomenon was experimentally observed: nanoconfinement alters interfacial interactions and, consequently, also the number of chains adsorbed in equilibrium conditions. In this review we discuss this intriguing interplay between irreversible adsorption and nanoconfinement effects in ultrathin polymer films. After introducing the methods currently used to prepare adsorbed layers and to measure the number of irreversibly adsorbed chains, we analyze the models employed to describe the kinetics of adsorption in polymer melts. We then discuss the structure of adsorbed polymer layers, focusing on the complex macromolecular architecture of interfacial chains and on their thermal expansion; we examine the way in which the structure of the adsorbed layer affects the thermal glass transition temperature, vitrification, and crystallization. By analyzing segmental dynamics of 1D confined systems, we describe experiments to track the changes in density during adsorption. We conclude this review with an analysis of the impact of nanoconfinement on adsorption, and a perspective on future work where we also address the key ideas of irreversibility, equilibration and long-range interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium.
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