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Seesaard T, Wongchoosuk C. Flexible and Stretchable Pressure Sensors: From Basic Principles to State-of-the-Art Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1638. [PMID: 37630177 PMCID: PMC10456594 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable electronics have emerged as highly promising technologies for the next generation of electronic devices. These advancements offer numerous advantages, such as flexibility, biocompatibility, bio-integrated circuits, and light weight, enabling new possibilities in diverse applications, including e-textiles, smart lenses, healthcare technologies, smart manufacturing, consumer electronics, and smart wearable devices. In recent years, significant attention has been devoted to flexible and stretchable pressure sensors due to their potential integration with medical and healthcare devices for monitoring human activity and biological signals, such as heartbeat, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, and muscle activity. This review comprehensively covers all aspects of recent developments in flexible and stretchable pressure sensors. It encompasses fundamental principles, force/pressure-sensitive materials, fabrication techniques for low-cost and high-performance pressure sensors, investigations of sensing mechanisms (piezoresistivity, capacitance, piezoelectricity), and state-of-the-art applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thara Seesaard
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University, Kanchanaburi 71190, Thailand;
| | - Chatchawal Wongchoosuk
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Yang J, Chen Y, Liu S, Liu C, Ma T, Luo Z, Ge G. Single-Line Multi-Channel Flexible Stress Sensor Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1554. [PMID: 37630090 PMCID: PMC10456942 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Flexible stress sensor arrays, comprising multiple flexible stress sensor units, enable accurate quantification and analysis of spatial stress distribution. Nevertheless, the current implementation of flexible stress sensor arrays faces the challenge of excessive signal wires, resulting in reduced deformability, stability, reliability, and increased costs. The primary obstacle lies in the electric amplitude modulation nature of the sensor unit's signal (e.g., resistance and capacitance), allowing only one signal per wire. To overcome this challenge, the single-line multi-channel signal (SLMC) measurement has been developed, enabling simultaneous detection of multiple sensor signals through one or two signal wires, which effectively reduces the number of signal wires, thereby enhancing stability, deformability, and reliability. This review offers a general knowledge of SLMC measurement beginning with flexible stress sensors and their piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric sensing mechanisms. A further discussion is given on different arraying methods and their corresponding advantages and disadvantages. Finally, this review categorizes existing SLMC measurement methods into RLC series resonant sensing, transmission line sensing, ionic conductor sensing, triboelectric sensing, piezoresistive sensing, and distributed fiber optic sensing based on their mechanisms, describes the mechanisms and characteristics of each method and summarizes the research status of SLMC measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Shuoyan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Tian Ma
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Zhenmin Luo
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Gang Ge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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Li S, Hu X, Zuo S, You T, Du Y, Bu Z, Mao G, Wang J, Song S, Zhang Y. Facile Approach to Fabricate Oriented Porous PDMS Composites for Movements Monitoring and Identifying Motion Patterns. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200755. [PMID: 36433758 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The facile and rapid fabrication of oriented porous polymers is crucial for flexible pressure sensors. Herein, a pressure sensor is developed based on oriented porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites for detecting human motion and identifying joint motion patterns. The oriented porous PDMS composite is first constructed through thiol-ene click chemistry and directional freezing within only 30 min, then fabricated by interfacial in situ polymerization of dopamine and pyrrole to generate robust interfaces. As a result, the as-prepared oriented porous PDMS composite is assembled into a pressure sensor that shows potential applications in pressure and human motion detection. Interestingly, a sensor assembled by orthogonally stacking the PDMS composites can be used for joint motion pattern recognition with potential monitoring of football motion due to their directional structures. This facile strategy coupled with the oriented porous structure is expected to help design advanced wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xintong Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Zuo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Tianquan You
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Ze Bu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Mao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163000, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Green Fiber Technology, Jiangsu Guowang High-tech Fiber Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215221, P. R. China
| | - Shiqiang Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163000, P. R. China.,Suzhou Institute of Green Fiber Technology, Jiangsu Guowang High-tech Fiber Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215221, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Ashby J, Rosset S, Henke EFM, Anderson IA. One Soft Step: Bio-Inspired Artificial Muscle Mechanisms for Space Applications. Front Robot AI 2022; 8:792831. [PMID: 35096985 PMCID: PMC8793852 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2021.792831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft robots, devices with deformable bodies and powered by soft actuators, may fill a hitherto unexplored niche in outer space. All space-bound payloads are heavily limited in terms of mass and volume, due to the cost of launch and the size of spacecraft. Being constructed from stretchable materials allows many possibilities for compacting soft robots for launch and later deploying into a much larger volume, through folding, rolling, and inflation. This morphability can also be beneficial for adapting to operation in different environments, providing versatility, and robustness. To be truly soft, a robot must be powered by soft actuators. Dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs) offer many advantages as artificial muscles. They are lightweight, have a high work density, and are capable of artificial proprioception. Taking inspiration from nature, in particular the starfish podia, we present here bio-inspired inflatable DET actuators powering low-mass robots capable of performing complex motion that can be compacted to a fraction of their operating size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ashby
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Joseph Ashby,
| | - Samuel Rosset
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E.-F. Markus Henke
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute for Semiconductors and Microsystems, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- StretchSense (Sensor Holdings Ltd.), Auckland, New Zealand
- Dresden Center of Intelligent Materials (DCIM), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Iain A. Anderson
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- StretchSense (Sensor Holdings Ltd.), Auckland, New Zealand
- PowerOn Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
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