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Wang Z, Chen D, Wang H, Bao S, Lang L, Cui C, Song H, Yang J, Liu W. The Unprecedented Biodegradable Polyzwitterion: A Removal-Free Patch for Accelerating Infected Diabetic Wound Healing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404297. [PMID: 38734972 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polymers have emerged as an important class of biomaterials to construct wound dressings and antifouling coatings over the past decade due to their excellent hydrophilicity. However, all the reported zwitterionic polymers as wound dressings are nondegradable because of noncleavable carbon─carbon bonding backbones, and must be removed periodically after treatment to avoid hypoxia in the wound, thus leading to potential secondary injury. In this work, a biodegradable polyzwitterion patch is fabricated for the first time by ring-opening polymerization of carboxybetaine dithiolane (CBDS), which is self-crosslinked via inter-amide hydrogen bonds and zwitterionic dipole-dipole interactions on the side chains. The unprecedented polyCBDS (PCBDS) patch demonstrates enough ductility owing to the intermolecular physical interactions to fully cover irregular wounds, also showing excellent biodegradability and antifouling performance resulted from the existence of disulfide bonds and carboxybetaine groups. Besides, the PCBDS degradation-induced released CBDS owns potent antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This PCBDS patch is used as a diabetic wound dressing, inhibiting bacterial adhesion on the external surface, and its degradation products can exactly kill bacteria and scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the wound site to regulate local microenvironment, including regulation of cytokine express and macrophage polarization, accelerating infected diabetic wound repair, and also avoiding the potential secondary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Siyu Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Liping Lang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chunyan Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Haotian Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianhai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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Dei N, Ishihara K, Matsumoto A, Kojima C. Preparation and Characterization of Acrylic and Methacrylic Phospholipid-Mimetic Polymer Hydrogels and Their Applications in Optical Tissue Clearing. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:241. [PMID: 38257040 PMCID: PMC10820725 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymers are mimetic to phospholipids, being widely used as biocompatible polymers. In our previous study, MPC polymer hydrogels proved more effective for optical tissue clearing compared to acrylamide (AAm) polymer hydrogels. In the present study, 2-acryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (APC) was synthesized and employed to create hydrogels for a comparative analysis with methacrylic MPC-based hydrogels. APC, an acrylic monomer, was copolymerized with AAm in a similar reactivity. In contrast, MPC, as a methacrylic monomer, demonstrated higher copolymerization reactivity than AAm, leading to a spontaneously delayed two-step polymerization behavior. This suggests that the polymer sequences and network structures became heterogeneous when both methacrylic and acrylic monomers, as well as crosslinkers, were present in the copolymerization system. The molecular weight of the APC polymers was considerably smaller than that of the MPC polymers due to the formation of mid-chain radicals and subsequent β-scission during polymerization. The swelling ratios in water and strain sweep profiles of hydrogels prepared using acrylic and methacrylic compounds differed from those of hydrogels prepared using only acrylic compounds. This implies that copolymerization reactivity influences the polymer network structures and crosslinking density in addition to the copolymer composition. APC-based hydrogels are effective for the optical clearing of tumor tissues and are applicable to both passive and electrophoretic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Dei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan (A.M.)
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Division of Materials & Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan (A.M.)
| | - Chie Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan (A.M.)
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Chen T, Qiu M, Peng Y, Yi C, Xu Z. Colloidal Polymer-Templated Formation of Inorganic Nanocrystals and their Emerging Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303282. [PMID: 37409416 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanocrystals possess unique physicochemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts. Stabilizing agents are commonly used for the preparation of inorganic nanocrystals with controllable properties. Particularly, colloidal polymers have emerged as general and robust templates for in situ formation and confinement of inorganic nanocrystals. In addition to templating and stabilizing inorganic nanocrystals, colloidal polymers can tailor their physicochemical properties such as size, shape, structure, composition, surface chemistry, and so on. By incorporating functional groups into colloidal polymers, desired functions can be integrated with inorganic nanocrystals, advancing their potential applications. Here, recent advances in the colloidal polymer-templated formation of inorganic nanocrystals are reviewed. Seven types of colloidal polymers, including dendrimer, polymer micelle, stare-like block polymer, bottlebrush polymer, spherical polyelectrolyte brush, microgel, and single-chain nanoparticle, have been extensively applied for the synthesis of inorganic nanocrystals. Different strategies for the development of these colloidal polymer-templated inorganic nanocrystals are summarized. Then, their emerging applications in the fields of catalysis, biomedicine, solar cells, sensing, light-emitting diodes, and lithium-ion batteries are highlighted. Last, the remaining issues and future directions are discussed. This review will stimulate the development and application of colloidal polymer-templated inorganic nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyou Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Meishuang Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Changfeng Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zushun Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
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4
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Xu B, Gao Y, Guo X, Cohen Stuart MA, Wang J, Ding P. Synthesis of zwitterionic polyelectrolyte nanogels via electrostatic-templated polymerization. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2588-2593. [PMID: 36946875 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polyelectrolyte nanogels are prospective nanocarriers due to their soft loading pocket and regulated charges. We here report a facile strategy, namely, electrostatic-templated polymerization (ETP) for synthesizing zwitterionic nanogels with controlled size and properties. Specifically, with anionic-neutral diblock polymers as the template, zwitterionic monomers such as carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA) or carboxybetaine acrylamide (CBAA) are polymerized together with a cross-linker at pH 2 where the monomers exhibit only positive charge due to the protonation of the carboxyl group. The obtained polyelectrolyte complex micelles dissociate upon introducing a concentrated salt. The subsequent separation yields the released template and zwitterionic nanogels with regulated size and swelling ability, achieved by tuning the salt concentration and cross-linker fraction during polymerization. The obtained PCBMA nanogels exhibit charges depending on the pH, which enables not only the selective loading of different dye molecules, but also encapsulation and intracellular delivery of cytochrome c protein. Our study develops a facile and robust way for fabricating zwitterionic nanogels and validates their potential applications as promising nanocarriers for load and delivery of functional charged cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingkun Xu
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yifan Gao
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Martien A Cohen Stuart
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junyou Wang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Ding
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
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Singh G, Majeed A, Singh R, George N, Singh G, Gupta S, Singh H, Kaur G, Singh J. CuAAC ensembled 1,2,3-triazole linked nanogels for targeted drug delivery: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2912-2936. [PMID: 36756399 PMCID: PMC9847229 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05592a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper(i) catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), the quintessential example of 'click chemistry', provides an adaptable and adequate platform for the synthesis of nanogels for sustained drug release at targeted sites because of their better biocompatibility. The coupling of drugs, carried out via various synthetic routes including CuAAC, into long-chain polymeric forms like nanogels has exhibited considerable assurance in therapeutic advancements and intracellular drug delivery due to the progression of water solubility, evacuation of precocious drug release, and improved upthrust of the pharmacokinetics of the nanogels, thereby rendering them as better and efficient drug carriers. The inefficiency of drug transmission to the target areas due to the resistance of complex biological barriers in vivo is a major hurdle that impedes the therapeutic translation of nanogels. This review compiles the data of nanogels synthesized specifically via CuAAC 'click' methodology, as scaffolds for targeted drug delivery and their assimilation into nanomedicine. In addition, it elaborates the ability of CuAAC to graft specific moieties and conjugating biomolecules like proteins and growth factors, onto orthogonally functionalized polymer chains with various chemical groups resulting in nanogels that are not only more appealing but also more effective at delivering drugs, thereby enhancing their site-specific target approach and initiating selective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurleen Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Ather Majeed
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Riddima Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Nancy George
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India
| | - Sofia Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India
| | - Harminder Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Gujranwala Guru Nanak Khalsa College Civil Lines Ludhiana 141001 Punjab India
| | - Jandeep Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
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Javan Nikkhah S, Vandichel M. Modeling Polyzwitterion-Based Drug Delivery Platforms: A Perspective of the Current State-of-the-Art and Beyond. ACS ENGINEERING AU 2022; 2:274-294. [PMID: 35996394 PMCID: PMC9389590 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.2c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Drug delivery platforms
are anticipated to have biocompatible and
bioinert surfaces. PEGylation of drug carriers is the most approved
method since it improves water solubility and colloid stability and
decreases the drug vehicles’ interactions with blood components.
Although this approach extends their biocompatibility, biorecognition
mechanisms prevent them from biodistribution and thus efficient drug
transfer. Recent studies have shown (poly)zwitterions to be alternatives
for PEG with superior biocompatibility. (Poly)zwitterions are super
hydrophilic, mainly stimuli-responsive, easy to functionalize and
they display an extremely low protein adsorption and long biodistribution
time. These unique characteristics make them already promising candidates
as drug delivery carriers. Furthermore, since they have highly dense
charged groups with opposite signs, (poly)zwitterions are intensely
hydrated under physiological conditions. This exceptional hydration
potential makes them ideal for the design of therapeutic vehicles
with antifouling capability, i.e., preventing undesired
sorption of biologics from the human body in the drug delivery vehicle.
Therefore, (poly)zwitterionic materials have been broadly applied
in stimuli-responsive “intelligent” drug delivery systems
as well as tumor-targeting carriers because of their excellent biocompatibility,
low cytotoxicity, insignificant immunogenicity, high stability, and
long circulation time. To tailor (poly)zwitterionic drug vehicles,
an interpretation of the structural and stimuli-responsive behavior
of this type of polymer is essential. To this end, a direct study
of molecular-level interactions, orientations, configurations, and
physicochemical properties of (poly)zwitterions is required, which
can be achieved via molecular modeling, which has become an influential
tool for discovering new materials and understanding diverse material
phenomena. As the essential bridge between science and engineering,
molecular simulations enable the fundamental understanding of the
encapsulation and release behavior of intelligent drug-loaded (poly)zwitterion
nanoparticles and can help us to systematically design their next
generations. When combined with experiments, modeling can make quantitative
predictions. This perspective article aims to illustrate key recent
developments in (poly)zwitterion-based drug delivery systems. We summarize
how to use predictive multiscale molecular modeling techniques to
successfully boost the development of intelligent multifunctional
(poly)zwitterions-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousa Javan Nikkhah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Matthias Vandichel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
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Zhang Y, Zou Z, Liu S, Miao S, Liu H. Nanogels as Novel Nanocarrier Systems for Efficient Delivery of CNS Therapeutics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:954470. [PMID: 35928954 PMCID: PMC9343834 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.954470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanogels have come out as a great potential drug delivery platform due to its prominently high colloidal stability, high drug loading, core-shell structure, good permeation property and can be responsive to environmental stimuli. Such nanoscopic drug carriers have more excellent abilities over conventional nanomaterials for permeating to brain parenchyma in vitro and in vivo. Nanogel-based system can be nanoengineered to bypass physiological barriers via non-invasive treatment, rendering it a most suitable platform for the management of neurological conditions such as neurodegenerative disorders, brain tumors, epilepsy and ischemic stroke, etc. Therapeutics of central nervous system (CNS) diseases have shown marked limited site-specific delivery of CNS by the poor access of various drugs into the brain, due to the presences of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). Hence, the availability of therapeutics delivery strategies is considered as one of the most major challenges facing the treatment of CNS diseases. The primary objective of this review is to elaborate the newer advances of nanogel for CNS drugs delivery, discuss the early preclinical success in the field of nanogel technology and highlight different insights on its potential neurotoxicity.
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Ayazbayeva AY, Shakhvorostov AV, Gussenov IS, Seilkhanov TM, Aseyev VO, Kudaibergenov SE. Temperature and Salt Responsive Amphoteric Nanogels Based on N-Isopropylacrylamide, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt and (3-Acrylamidopropyl) Trimethylammonium Chloride. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142343. [PMID: 35889568 PMCID: PMC9320390 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyampholyte nanogels based on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (APTAC) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt (AMPS) were synthesized via conventional redox-initiated free radical copolymerization. The resultant nanogels of various compositions, specifically [NIPAM]:[APTAC]:[AMPS] = 90:5:5; 90:7.5:2.5; 90:2.5:7.5 mol.%, herein abbreviated as NIPAM90-APTAC5-AMPS5, NIPAM90-APTAC7.5-AMPS2.5 and NIPAM90-APTAC2.5-AMPS7.5, were characterized by a combination of 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, TGA, UV-Vis, DLS and zeta potential measurements. The temperature and salt-responsive properties of amphoteric nanogels were studied in aqueous and saline solutions in a temperature range from 25 to 60 °C and at ionic strengths (μ) of 10-3 to 1M NaCl. Volume phase transition temperatures (VPTT) of the charge-balanced nanogel were found to reach a maximum upon the addition of salt, whereas the same parameter for the charge-imbalanced nanogels exhibited a sharp decrease at higher saline concentrations. A wide bimodal distribution of average hydrodynamic sizes of nanogel particles had a tendency to transform to a narrow monomodal peak at elevated temperatures and higher ionic strengths. According to the DLS results, increasing ionic strength results in the clumping of nanogel particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigerim Ye. Ayazbayeva
- Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Materials and Technology, Almaty 050019, Kazakhstan; (A.V.S.); (I.S.G.)
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: (A.Y.A.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Alexey V. Shakhvorostov
- Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Materials and Technology, Almaty 050019, Kazakhstan; (A.V.S.); (I.S.G.)
| | - Iskander Sh. Gussenov
- Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Materials and Technology, Almaty 050019, Kazakhstan; (A.V.S.); (I.S.G.)
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
| | - Tulegen M. Seilkhanov
- Laboratory of NMR-Spectroscopy, Sh. Ualikhanov University, Kokshetau 020000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Vladimir O. Aseyev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Sarkyt E. Kudaibergenov
- Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Materials and Technology, Almaty 050019, Kazakhstan; (A.V.S.); (I.S.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.Y.A.); (S.E.K.)
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9
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Kittel Y, Kuehne AJC, De Laporte L. Translating Therapeutic Microgels into Clinical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101989. [PMID: 34826201 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microgels are crosslinked, water-swollen networks with a 10 nm to 100 µm diameter and can be modified chemically or biologically to render them biocompatible for advanced clinical applications. Depending on their intended use, microgels require different mechanical and structural properties, which can be engineered on demand by altering the biochemical composition, crosslink density of the polymer network, and the fabrication method. Here, the fundamental aspects of microgel research and development, as well as their specific applications for theranostics and therapy in the clinic, are discussed. A detailed overview of microgel fabrication techniques with regards to their intended clinical application is presented, while focusing on how microgels can be employed as local drug delivery materials, scavengers, and contrast agents. Moreover, microgels can act as scaffolds for tissue engineering and regeneration application. Finally, an overview of microgels is given, which already made it into pre-clinical and clinical trials, while future challenges and chances are discussed. This review presents an instructive guideline for chemists, material scientists, and researchers in the biomedical field to introduce them to the fundamental physicochemical properties of microgels and guide them from fabrication methods via characterization techniques and functionalization of microgels toward specific applications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonca Kittel
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) Polymeric Biomaterials RWTH University Aachen Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Max Planck School‐Matter to Life (MtL) Jahnstraße 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB) Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME) Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS) University Hospital RWTH 52074 Aachen Germany
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10
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Zhang M, Yu P, Xie J, Li J. Recent advances of zwitterionic based topological polymers for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2338-2356. [PMID: 35212331 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02323c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polymers, comprising hydrophilic anionic and cationic groups with the same total number of positive and negative charges on the same monomer residue, have received increasing attention due to their...
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer, Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer, Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer, Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer, Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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11
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Lazaridou M, Nanaki S, Zamboulis A, Papoulia C, Chrissafis K, Klonos PA, Kyritsis A, Vergkizi-Nikolakaki S, Kostoglou M, Bikiaris DN. Super absorbent chitosan-based hydrogel sponges as carriers for caspofungin antifungal drug. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120925. [PMID: 34303816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel chitosan copolymers (CS-g-SBMA) grafted with [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (SBMA) in various molar ratio 1.5:1, 5:1, 11.5:1 and 20:1, were synthesized in the present study. SBMA was selected as zwitterion molecule showing promising antibacterial properties. Grafted chitosan derivatives were fully characterized for their successful synthesis by NMR and FT-IR, for their crystallinity by XRD showing reduced crystallinity compared to CS alone. Furthermore, swelling studies were conducted with the grafted derivatives showing extensive swelling capacity (maximum degree of swelling up to 1800%) and water absorption was studied with differential scanning calorimetry and equilibrium water adsorption/desorption isotherms were analyzed. Caspofungin, a novel antifungal drug, was used to prepare a double-acting system, with both antibacterial and antifungal properties, proper for topical use. Drug loaded hydrogels were prepared with 10, 20 and 30 wt% drug content and the loaded hydrogels were fully characterized while antimicrobial studies showed enhanced properties. Caspofungin in vitro release showed an initial burst effect followed by a diffusion process while data analysis verified the initial burst release followed by a quasi Fickian diffusion-driven sustained release. Enhance antimicrobial properties was also observed in caspofungin-loaded hydrogels showing the successful fulfill of our scope; an amphiphilic system having great potential for the development of patches with inherent antimicrobial properties and prolonged antifungal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lazaridou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Stavroula Nanaki
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Chrysanthi Papoulia
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Panagiotis A Klonos
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Souzan Vergkizi-Nikolakaki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| | - Margaritis Kostoglou
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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