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Zhou S, Wang H, Tang J, Wang H, Yan J. Simultaneous speciation analysis of arsenic and iodine in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:555-562. [PMID: 38091252 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-based method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four iodine species (i.e. iodate, 3-iodo-tyrosine, 3,5-diiodo-tyrosine, and iodide) and six arsenic species (i.e. arsenobetaine, arsenite, dimethylarsinic acid, arsenocholine, methylarsonic acid, and arsenate) in human urine. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Dionex IonPac As7 anion exchange column. The mobile phase was initiated with 0.5 mmol/L ammonium carbonate solution, followed by 50 mmol/L ammonium carbonate/100 mmol/L ammonium nitrate solution (with 4% methanol). The limits of quantification of the analytes ranged from 0.045 to 2.26 μg/L. At three spiked levels (10.0, 20.0, 50.0 μg/L), the average recoveries (%) ranged from 87.4 to 113.1%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD, %) ranged from 0.4 to 17.2%. The ratio of the sum of six arsenic species to the total arsenic measured by ICPMS ranged from 77.4 to 121.2%, and the ratio of the sum of the four iodine species to the total iodine ranged from 70.7 to 114.7%, indicating a good agreement between these two methods for both arsenic and iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Zhou
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Zhoushan Central Blood Station, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianbo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China.
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Fame RM, Ali I, Lehtinen MK, Kanarek N, Petrova B. Optimized Mass Spectrometry Detection of Thyroid Hormones and Polar Metabolites in Rodent Cerebrospinal Fluid. Metabolites 2024; 14:79. [PMID: 38392972 PMCID: PMC10890085 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are required for brain development and function. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which bathes the brain and spinal cord, contains TH as free hormones or as bound to transthyretin (TTR). Tight TH level regulation in the central nervous system is essential for developmental gene expression, which governs neurogenesis, myelination, and synaptogenesis. This integrated function of TH highlights the importance of developing precise and reliable methods for assessing TH levels in CSF. We report an optimized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based method to measure TH in rodent CSF and serum, applicable to both fresh and frozen samples. Using this new method, we find distinct differences in CSF TH in pregnant dams vs. non-pregnant adults and in embryonic vs. adult CSF. Further, targeted LC-MS metabolic profiling uncovers distinct central carbon metabolism in the CSF of these populations. TH detection and metabolite profiling of related metabolic pathways open new avenues of rigorous research into CSF TH and will inform future studies on metabolic alterations in CSF during normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryann M. Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ilhan Ali
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria K. Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Naama Kanarek
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Boryana Petrova
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Fame RM, Ali I, Lehtinen MK, Kanarek N, Petrova B. Optimized Mass Spectrometry Detection of Thyroid Hormones and Polar Metabolites in Rodent Cerebrospinal Fluid. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.07.570731. [PMID: 38116027 PMCID: PMC10729774 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones (TH) are required for brain development and function. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which bathes the brain and spinal cord, contains TH as free or transthyretin (TTR)-bound. Tight thyroid hormone level regulation in the central nervous system is essential for developmental gene expression that governs neurogenesis, myelination, and synaptogenesis. This integrated function of TH highlights the importance of developing precise and reliable methods for assessing TH levels in CSF. METHODS we report an optimized LC-MS based method to measure thyroid hormones in rodent CSF and serum, applicable to both fresh and frozen samples. RESULTS We find distinct differences in CSF thyroid hormone in pregnant dams vs. non-pregnant adults and in embryonic vs. adult CSF. Further, targeted LC-MS metabolic profiling uncovers distinct central carbon metabolism in the CSF of these populations. CONCLUSIONS TH detection and metabolite profiling of related metabolic pathways open new avenues of rigorous research into CSF thyroid hormone and will inform future studies on metabolic alterations in CSF during normal development.
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González-Guerrero C, Borsò M, Alikhani P, Alcaina Y, Salas-Lucia F, Liao XH, García-Giménez J, Bertolini A, Martin D, Moratilla A, Mora R, Buño-Soto A, Mani AR, Bernal J, Saba A, de Miguel MP, Refetoff S, Zucchi R, Moreno JC. Iodotyrosines Are Biomarkers for Preclinical Stages of Iodine-Deficient Hypothyroidism in Dehal1-Knockout Mice. Thyroid 2023; 33:752-761. [PMID: 36879468 PMCID: PMC10280220 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone (TH), but its natural availability is limited. Dehalogenase1 (Dehal1) recycles iodine from mono- and diiodotyrosines (MIT, DIT) to sustain TH synthesis when iodine supplies are scarce, but its role in the dynamics of storage and conservation of iodine is unknown. Methods: Dehal1-knockout (Dehal1KO) mice were generated by gene trapping. The timing of expression and distribution was investigated by X-Gal staining and immunofluorescence using recombinant Dehal1-beta-galactosidase protein produced in fetuses and adult mice. Adult Dehal1KO and wild-type (Wt) animals were fed normal and iodine-deficient diets for 1 month, and plasma, urine, and tissues were isolated for analyses. TH status was monitored, including thyroxine, triiodothyronine, MIT, DIT, and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) using a novel liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method and the Sandell-Kolthoff (S-K) technique throughout the experimental period. Results: Dehal1 is highly expressed in the thyroid and is also present in the kidneys, liver, and, unexpectedly, the choroid plexus. In vivo transcription of Dehal1 was induced by iodine deficiency only in the thyroid tissue. Under normal iodine intake, Dehal1KO mice were euthyroid, but they showed negative iodine balance due to a continuous loss of iodotyrosines in the urine. Counterintuitively, the UIC of Dehal1KO mice is twofold higher than that of Wt mice, indicating that S-K measures both inorganic and organic iodine. Under iodine restriction, Dehal1KO mice rapidly develop profound hypothyroidism, while Wt mice remain euthyroid, suggesting reduced retention of iodine in the thyroids of Dehal1KO mice. Urinary and plasma iodotyrosines were continually elevated throughout the life cycles of Dehal1KO mice, including the neonatal period, when pups were still euthyroid. Conclusions: Plasma and urine iodotyrosine elevation occurs in Dehal1-deficient mice throughout life. Therefore, measurement of iodotyrosines predicts an eventual iodine shortage and development of hypothyroidism in the preclinical phase. The prompt establishment of hypothyroidism upon the start of iodine restriction suggests that Dehal1KO mice have low iodine reserves in their thyroid glands, pointing to defective capacity for iodine storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian González-Guerrero
- Thyroid Molecular Laboratory, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital Research Institute (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Borsò
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pouya Alikhani
- Thyroid Molecular Laboratory, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital Research Institute (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yago Alcaina
- Thyroid Molecular Laboratory, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital Research Institute (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, La Paz Hospital Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Salas-Lucia
- Thyroid Molecular Laboratory, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital Research Institute (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jorge García-Giménez
- Thyroid Molecular Laboratory, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital Research Institute (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Bertolini
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diana Martin
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, La Paz Hospital Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Moratilla
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, La Paz Hospital Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Mora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Buño-Soto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ali R. Mani
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Bernal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - María P. de Miguel
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, La Paz Hospital Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - José Carlos Moreno
- Thyroid Molecular Laboratory, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital Research Institute (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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