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Gross S, Müller A, Seinige D, Wohlsein P, Oliveira M, Steinhagen D, Kehrenberg C, Siebert U. Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Marine Mammals of the North and Baltic Seas: Sentinels for Human Health. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091248. [PMID: 36140027 PMCID: PMC9495373 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global health threat that involves complex, opaque transmission processes in the environment. In particular, wildlife appears to function as a reservoir and vector for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria as well as resistance genes. In the present study, the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli was determined in marine mammals and various fish species of the North and Baltic Seas. Rectal or faecal swabs were collected from 66 live-caught or stranded marine mammals and 40 fish specimens. The antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes of isolated E. coli were determined using disk diffusion tests and PCR assays. Furthermore, isolates were assigned to the four major phylogenetic groups of E. coli. Additionally, post mortem examinations were performed on 41 of the sampled marine mammals. The investigations revealed resistant E. coli in 39.4% of the marine mammal samples, while no resistant isolates were obtained from any of the fish samples. The obtained isolates most frequently exhibited resistance against aminoglycosides, followed by β-lactams. Of the isolates, 37.2% showed multidrug resistance. Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) mainly carried E. coli isolates belonging to the phylogenetic group B1, while seal isolates were most frequently assigned to group B2. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, no significant differences were seen between the two sampling areas or different health parameters, but multidrug-resistant isolates were more frequent in harbour porpoises than in the sampled seals. The presented results provide information on the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the North and Baltic Seas, and highlight the role of these resident marine mammal species as sentinels from a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gross
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstraße 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany
| | - Anja Müller
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 92, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Diana Seinige
- Office for Veterinary Affairs and Consumer Protection, Ministry of Lower Saxony for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection, Alte Grenze 7, 29221 Celle, Germany
| | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 92, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstraße 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany
- Correspondence:
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High Rates of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli in Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) of the German Baltic and North Sea Coasts: Indication of Environmental Contamination and a Potential Public Health Risk. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080836. [PMID: 36014957 PMCID: PMC9416030 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria pose a serious global health risk for humans and animals, while the role of wildlife in the dynamic transmission processes of antimicrobial resistance in environmental settings is still unclear. This study determines the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in the free-living great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) of the North and Baltic Sea coasts of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. For this, resistant E.coli were isolated from cloacal or faecal swabs and their antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes were investigated using disk diffusion tests and PCR assays. The isolates were further assigned to the four major phylogenetic groups, and their affiliation to avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) was tested. Resistant E. coli were isolated from 66.7% of the 33 samples, and 48.9% of all the resistant isolates showed a multidrug resistance profile. No spatial differences were seen between the different sampling locations with regard to the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance or multidrug resistance. Most commonly, resistance percentages occurred against streptomycin, followed by tetracycline and sulfonamides. More than half of the isolates belonged to the phylogenetic group B1. Of all the isolates, 24.4% were classified as APEC isolates, of which almost 82% were identified as multidrug-resistant. These results add information on the dispersal of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in wild birds in Germany, thereby allowing conclusions on the degree of environmental contamination and potential public health concerns.
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Furlan JPR, Dos Santos LDR, Ramos MS, Gallo IFL, Moretto JAS, Stehling EG. Occurrence of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes, including mcr-3 and mcr-7.1, in soil and water from a recreation club. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:819-828. [PMID: 32735122 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1799953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We researched clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in environmental samples from a recreation club in Brazil. A total of 172 amplicons (105 from soil and 67 from water) of 26 ARGs (20 among the soil and water samples; four only in soil samples; two only in water samples) were detected. Nine MGEs were detected, including plasmids and class 1 integron. The absolute abundance of the mcr-3 gene ranged from 1.12 × 102 to 1.81 × 103 copies/mL-1 in water samples. The rapid spread of mcr-like genes in several sources has generated a huge concern to public health. Accordingly, understanding of antimicrobial resistance, carry out surveillance studies may contribute to tackle antimicrobial resistance. As the environmental samples were collected from a popular recreation club in Brazil, this study points out to the risk and exposure to clinically relevant ARGs, especially to mcr-3 and mcr-7.1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Rueda Furlan
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Lucas David Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Micaela Santana Ramos
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Inara Fernanda Lage Gallo
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Jéssica Aparecida Silva Moretto
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
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Vaiyapuri M, Sebastian AS, George I, Variem SS, Vasudevan RN, George JC, Badireddy MR, Sivam V, Peeralil S, Sanjeev D, Thandapani M, Moses SA, Nagarajarao RC, Mothadaka MP. Predominance of genetically diverse ESBL Escherichia coli identified in resistance mapping of Vembanad Lake, the largest fresh-cum-brackishwater lake of India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66206-66222. [PMID: 34328620 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) burden in Escherichia coli along the 90 km stretch of Vembanad Lake, Kerala, India, was assessed. Seventy-seven percent of water samples drawn from 35 different stations of the lake harbored E. coli. Antibiotic susceptibility test performed on 116 E. coli isolates revealed resistance to ≥ one antibiotic with 39 AMR profiles in 81%, multidrug resistance in 30%, and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers in 32%. Of all the 15 antibiotics tested, the probability of isolating cefotaxime-resistant E. coli was the highest (P ≤ 0.05) in the lake. Genetically diverse ESBL types, namely blaTEM-116, blaCTX-M -152, blaCTX-M -27, blaCTX-M -55, blaCTX-M-205, and blaSHV-27, were identified in the lake. This is probably the first report in India for the presence of blaCTX-M-205 (blaCTX-M-group 2) in the Vembanad Lake. ST11439 and single and double loci variants of ST443 and ST4533 were identified in multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Inc plasmids (B/O, F, W, I1, FIIA, HI1, P-1α, K/B, and N) identified in the lake evidences the resistance transmission potential of the E. coli isolated from the lake. Molecular typing (ERIC-PCR, MLST, and PBRT) delineated diverse E. coli, both between and within the sampling stations. Low multiple antibiotic resistance index (average MAR< 0.2) indicates a lower risk of the lake to the human population, but the occurrence of genetically diverse ESBL E. coli in the Vembanad Lake signals health hazards and necessitates pragmatic control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugadas Vaiyapuri
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India.
| | - Anna SherinPulithara Sebastian
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Iris George
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Sandhya Soolamkandath Variem
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
- Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh, Agarkar Rd, Shivajinagar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Nair Vasudevan
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Visnuvinayagam Sivam
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Shaheer Peeralil
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Devi Sanjeev
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Muthulakshmi Thandapani
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Mukteswar Prasad Mothadaka
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
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Farrell ML, Joyce A, Duane S, Fitzhenry K, Hooban B, Burke LP, Morris D. Evaluating the potential for exposure to organisms of public health concern in naturally occurring bathing waters in Europe: A scoping review. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117711. [PMID: 34637971 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, water-based bathing pastimes are important for both mental and physical health. However, exposure to waterborne organisms could present a substantial public health issue. Bathing waters are shown to contribute to the transmission of illness and disease and represent a reservoir and pathway for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) organisms. Current bathing water quality regulations focus on enumeration of faecal indicator organisms and are not designed for detection of specific waterborne organisms of public health concern (WOPHC), such as antimicrobial resistant (AMR)/pathogenic bacteria, or viruses. This investigation presents the first scoping review of the occurrence of waterborne organisms of public health concern (WOPHC) in identified natural bathing waters across the European Union (EU), which aimed to critically evaluate the potential risk of human exposure and to assess the appropriateness of the current EU bathing water regulations for the protection of public health. Accordingly, this review sought to identify and synthesise all literature pertaining to a selection of bacterial (Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio spp., Pseudomonas spp., AMR bacteria), viral (Hepatitis spp., enteroviruses, rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus), and protozoan (Giardia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp.) contaminants in EU bathing waters. Sixty investigations were identified as eligible for inclusion and data was extracted. Peer-reviewed investigations included were from 18 countries across the EU, totalling 87 investigations across a period of 35 years, with 30% published between 2011 and 2015. A variety of water bodies were identified, with 27 investigations exclusively assessing coastal waters. Waterborne organisms were classified into three categories; bacteria, viruses, and protozoa; amounting to 58%, 36% and 17% of the total investigations, respectively. The total number of samples across all investigations was 8,118, with detection of one or more organisms in 2,449 (30%) of these. Viruses were detected in 1281 (52%) of all samples where WOPHC were found, followed by bacteria (865(35%)) and protozoa (303(12%)). Where assessed (442 samples), AMR bacteria had a 47% detection rate, emphasising their widespread occurrence in bathing waters. Results of this scoping review highlight the potential public health risk of exposure to WOPHC in bathing waters that normally remain undetected within the current monitoring parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Louise Farrell
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
| | - Aoife Joyce
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Sinead Duane
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Whitaker Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Kelly Fitzhenry
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Brigid Hooban
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam P Burke
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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Riedel S, Boire N, Carson KA, Vadlamudi A, Khuvis J, Vadlamudi V, Atukorale V, Riedel VAA, Parrish NM. A survey of antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the Chesapeake Bay and adjacent upper tributaries. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00839. [PMID: 30950215 PMCID: PMC6741119 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the rise in antimicrobial resistance (AR) in the healthcare setting as well as the environment has been recognized as a growing public health problem. The Chesapeake Bay (CB) and its upper tributaries (UT) is a large and biologically diverse estuary. This pilot study evaluated the presence of AR of gram‐negative bacteria isolated from water samples collected at various sites of the Chesapeake Bay. Bacterial organisms were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Ninety‐two distinctly different gram‐negative bacteria were identified; Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, and Escherichia coli were most often isolated. Serratia marcescens was more frequently isolated in samples from the UT compared to the CB. Antimicrobial resistance was more frequently detected in organisms from the CB by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antimicrobial resistance to ampicillin, imipenem, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol were the most frequently observed resistance patterns. ACT‐1, CMY, and SHV genes were the most frequently detected resistance genes, with predominance in organism isolated from the CB. The results from this study emphasize the importance for further developing comprehensive surveillance programs of AR in bacterial isolates in the various environments, such as recreational and other water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Riedel
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicholas Boire
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathryn A Carson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aravinda Vadlamudi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joshua Khuvis
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vivek Vadlamudi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vajini Atukorale
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Victoria A A Riedel
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicole M Parrish
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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