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Furlan JPR, Dos Santos LDR, Ramos MS, Gallo IFL, Moretto JAS, Stehling EG. Occurrence of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes, including mcr-3 and mcr-7.1, in soil and water from a recreation club. Int J Environ Health Res 2022; 32:819-828. [PMID: 32735122 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1799953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We researched clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in environmental samples from a recreation club in Brazil. A total of 172 amplicons (105 from soil and 67 from water) of 26 ARGs (20 among the soil and water samples; four only in soil samples; two only in water samples) were detected. Nine MGEs were detected, including plasmids and class 1 integron. The absolute abundance of the mcr-3 gene ranged from 1.12 × 102 to 1.81 × 103 copies/mL-1 in water samples. The rapid spread of mcr-like genes in several sources has generated a huge concern to public health. Accordingly, understanding of antimicrobial resistance, carry out surveillance studies may contribute to tackle antimicrobial resistance. As the environmental samples were collected from a popular recreation club in Brazil, this study points out to the risk and exposure to clinically relevant ARGs, especially to mcr-3 and mcr-7.1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Rueda Furlan
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Lucas David Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Micaela Santana Ramos
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Inara Fernanda Lage Gallo
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Jéssica Aparecida Silva Moretto
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
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Moretto JAS, de Freitas PNN, de Almeida ÉC, Altarugio LM, da Silva SV, de Fátima Fiore M, Pinto E. Effects of different cultivation conditions on the production of β-cyclocitral and β-ionone in Microcystis aeruginosa. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:78. [PMID: 35321650 PMCID: PMC8944028 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyanobacteria blooms have become a major environmental problem and concern because of secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria released into the water. Cyanobacteria produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as the compounds β-cyclocitral and β-ionone, which comprise odors, off-flavors, defense compounds, as well as growth regulators. Therefore, the general objective of this work was to evaluate the VOCs produced by two strains of Microcystis aeruginosa, differing in their ability to produce microcystins (LTPNA 01—non-producing and LTPNA 08—toxin-producing). The analysis of VOC production was carried out in (1) normal culture conditions, (2) under different light intensities (LI), and (3) after the external application of β-ionone in both cultures. Results The results showed that β-cyclocitral and β-ionone are produced in all growth phases of LTPNA 01 and LTPNA 08. Both strains were producers of β-cyclocitral and β-ionone in normal culture conditions. It was observed that the β-cyclocitral concentration was higher than β-ionone in all light intensities investigated in this study. Additionally, the strain LTPNA 01 produced more β-cyclocitral than LTPNA 08 at almost all times and LIs analyzed. However, the strain LTPNA 08 produced more β-ionone, mainly at the initial times. In addition, the experiment results with the external addition of β-ionone in the cultures showed that the strain LTPNA 01 produced more β-cyclocitral in control conditions than in treatment. Nonetheless, β-ionone production was higher in treatment conditions in LTPNA 08, indicating that the addition of β-ionone may favor the production of these compounds and inhibit the production of β-cyclocitral. Conclusion Our results showed that some abiotic factors, such as different light intensities and external application of β-ionone, can be triggers that lead to the production of VOCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02473-6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paloma Nathane Nunes de Freitas
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marli de Fátima Fiore
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. .,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Food Research Center (FoRC - CEPID), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Furlan JPR, Dos Santos LDR, Moretto JAS, Ramos MS, Gallo IFL, Alves GDAD, Paulelli AC, Rocha CCDS, Cesila CA, Gallimberti M, Devóz PP, Júnior FB, Stehling EG. Occurrence and abundance of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes in environmental samples after the Brumadinho dam disaster, Brazil. Sci Total Environ 2020; 726:138100. [PMID: 32334350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
On January 25th 2019, the structure damming a pond containing ore mining wastes and iron burst at Brumadinho City, Brazil. About 11.7 million m3 of a tailings-mud mixture was released from the dam, causing destruction along 300 km of the Paraopeba River toward the São Francisco River. The environments with a high content of metals may provide a suitable environment for horizontal gene transfer, including antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Therefore, this study aimed to detect and quantify clinically relevant ARGs in environmental samples after the Brumadinho dam disaster. Soil, sediment, and water samples were collected within 300 km of the Brumadinho dam disaster at unaffected and affected sites. Physical-chemical parameters of water samples were measured. Total DNA was extracted and 65 clinically relevant ARGs were researched by PCR. The most prevalent ARGs were selected for real-time quantitative PCR analysis. The average of the physical-chemical parameters was higher in the affected sites when compared to the unaffected sites, especially turbidity, concentration of Fe and Al. A total of 387 amplicons from 29 ARGs were detected, which confer resistance to β-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, phenicols, macrolides, glycopeptides, and polymyxins, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases-encoding genes, and mcr-7.1. The sul1 gene had higher total concentrations than blaTEM, tetB and qnrB in the environmental samples, and the diversity and abundance of ARGs increased at the sites affected by the Brumadinho dam disaster. Therefore, we point out that the contamination by the Brumadinho dam disaster tailings resulted in an increase in the amount and abundance of ARGs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Rueda Furlan
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas David Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Aparecida Silva Moretto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Micaela Santana Ramos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Inara Fernanda Lage Gallo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Georgia de Assis Dias Alves
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Paulelli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Cristina de Souza Rocha
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cibele Aparecida Cesila
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Matheus Gallimberti
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paula Pícoli Devóz
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa Júnior
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Bardají DKR, Moretto JAS, Furlan JPR, Stehling EG. A mini-review: current advances in polyethylene biodegradation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-2808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fernandes AFT, Wang P, Staley C, Aparecida Silva Moretto J, Miguel Altarugio L, Chagas Campanharo S, Guedes Stehling E, Jay Sadowsky M. Impact of Atrazine Exposure on the Microbial Community Structure in a Brazilian Tropical Latosol Soil. Microbes Environ 2020; 35:ME19143. [PMID: 32269200 PMCID: PMC7308567 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me19143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrazine is a triazine herbicide that is widely used to control broadleaf weeds. Its widespread use over the last 50 years has led to the potential contamination of soils, groundwater, rivers, and lakes. Its main route of complete degradation is via biological means, which is carried out by soil microbiota using a 6-step pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether application of atrazine to soil changes the soil bacterial community. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR to elucidate the microbial community structure and assess the abundance of the atrazine degradation genes atzA, atzD, and trzN in a Brazilian soil. The results obtained showed that the relative abundance of atzA and trzN, encoding triazine-initiating metabolism in Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, respectively, increased in soil during the first weeks following the application of atrazine. In contrast, the abundance of atzD, encoding cyanuric acid amidohydrolase-the fourth step in the pathway-was not related to the atrazine treatment. Moreover, the overall soil bacterial community showed no significant changes after the application of atrazine. Despite this, we observed increases in the relative abundance of bacterial families in the 4th and 8th weeks following the atrazine treatment, which may have been related to higher copy numbers of atzA and trzN, in part due to the release of nitrogen from the herbicide. The present results revealed that while the application of atrazine may temporarily increase the quantities of the atzA and trzN genes in a Brazilian Red Latosol soil, it does not lead to significant and long-term changes in the bacterial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flavia Tonelli Fernandes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040–903, Brazil
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, 55108 Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, 55108 Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Christopher Staley
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, 55108 Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jéssica Aparecida Silva Moretto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040–903, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miguel Altarugio
- Department of Soil Science ESALQ, University of São Paulo, 11 Pádua Dias Avenue, Piracicaba, SP 13418–260, Brazil
| | - Sarah Chagas Campanharo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040–903, Brazil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040–903, Brazil
| | - Michael Jay Sadowsky
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, 55108 Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 1479 Gortner Avenue—University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Moretto JAS, Braz VS, Furlan JPR, Stehling EG. Plasmids associated with heavy metal resistance and herbicide degradation potential in bacterial isolates obtained from two Brazilian regions. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:314. [PMID: 31037401 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides has been increasing due to the great agricultural production worldwide. The pesticides are used to eradicate pests and weeds; however, these compounds are classified as toxic to non-target organisms. Atrazine and diuron are herbicides widely used to control grassy and broadleaf weeds and weed control in agricultural crops and non-crop areas. Heavy metals are also important environmental contaminants that affect the ecological system. This study aimed to investigate the presence of herbicides-degrading genes and heavy metal resistance genes in bacterial isolates from two different soil samples from two Brazilian regions and to determine the genetic location of these genes. In this study, two isolates were obtained and identified as Escherichia fergusonii and Bacillus sp. Both isolates presented atzA, atzB, atzC, atzD, atzE, atzF, puhA, and copA genes and two plasmids each, being the major with ~ 60 Kb and a smaller with ~ 3.2 Kb. Both isolates presented the atzA-F genes inside the larger plasmid, while the puhA and copA genes were detected in the smaller plasmid. Digestion reactions were performed and showed that the ~ 60-Kb plasmid presented the same restriction profile using different restriction enzymes, suggesting that this plasmid harboring the complete degradation pathway to atrazine was found in both isolates. These results suggest the dispersion of these plasmids and the multi-herbicide degradation potential in both isolates to atrazine and diuron, which are widely used in different culture types worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Aparecida Silva Moretto
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical, Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café S/N. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Vânia Santos Braz
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical, Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café S/N. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Rueda Furlan
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical, Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café S/N. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical, Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café S/N. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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Braz VS, Moretto JAS, Fernandes AFT, Stehling EG. Change in the antimicrobial resistance profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from soil after exposure to herbicides. J Environ Sci Health B 2019; 54:290-293. [PMID: 30633634 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1561056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of pesticides represents a risk to human health and to the environment. This study aimed to investigate if the exposure to atrazine and diuron, two herbicides widely used in Brazil, could induce changes in the susceptibility profile to aztreonam, colistin and polymyxin B antimicrobials in isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained from soil samples by using the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. Three isolates had an increase of MIC to aztreonam after exposure to both herbicides and one isolate did not show any MIC change. The MexAB-OprM efflux pump has already been upregulated in these isolates and the herbicides atrazine and diuron did not increase MexAB-OprM overexpression. Therefore, the decrease in aztreonam susceptibility was not directly related to this pump, suggesting that probably other mechanisms should be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Santos Braz
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - Ribeirão Preto , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Jéssica Aparecida Silva Moretto
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - Ribeirão Preto , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Ana Flavia Tonelli Fernandes
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - Ribeirão Preto , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - Ribeirão Preto , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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Moretto JAS, Altarugio LM, Andrade PA, Fachin AL, Andreote FD, Stehling EG. Changes in bacterial community after application of three different herbicides. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:3861255. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
This study investigated bacteria from soil samples to (i) determine the main bacterial genera and species having resistance to carbapenem and other β-lactams and (ii) establish if the mechanism of resistance was due to the production of metallo-β-lactamases. The isolates were characterized by PCR for metallo-β-lactamases and integrons, by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and by sequencing. The antimicrobial profile of 40 imipenem-resistant Gram-positive soil isolates from all Brazilian regions demonstrated that 31 (77.5%) of them were multidrug resistant. Among the 40 isolates, 19 presented the blaVIM gene and class 1 integrons by PCR. Six of the 19 isolates were identified as Paenibacillus sp., 12 as Bacillus sp., and just 1 was classified as Staphylococcus sp., by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. These results suggest that bacteria from soil can act as a source of blaVIM-1 genes, representing a threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Pitondo-Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Baptistella Devechio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Aparecida Silva Moretto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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