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Pasdaran A, Zare M, Hamedi A, Hamedi A. A Review of the Chemistry and Biological Activities of Natural Colorants, Dyes, and Pigments: Challenges, and Opportunities for Food, Cosmetics, and Pharmaceutical Application. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300561. [PMID: 37471105 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Natural pigments are important sources for the screening of bioactive lead compounds. This article reviewed the chemistry and therapeutic potentials of over 570 colored molecules from plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, algae, and marine sources. Moreover, related biological activities, advanced extraction, and identification approaches were reviewed. A variety of biological activities, including cytotoxicity against cancer cells, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-microbial, antiviral, and anti-protozoal activities, have been reported for different pigments. Considering their structural backbone, they were classified as naphthoquinones, carotenoids, flavonoids, xanthones, anthocyanins, benzotropolones, alkaloids, terpenoids, isoprenoids, and non-isoprenoids. Alkaloid pigments were mostly isolated from bacteria and marine sources, while flavonoids were mostly found in plants and mushrooms. Colored quinones and xanthones were mostly extracted from plants and fungi, while colored polyketides and terpenoids are often found in marine sources and fungi. Carotenoids are mostly distributed among bacteria, followed by fungi and plants. The pigments isolated from insects have different structures, but among them, carotenoids and quinone/xanthone are the most important. Considering good manufacturing practices, the current permitted natural colorants are: Carotenoids (canthaxanthin, β-carotene, β-apo-8'-carotenal, annatto, astaxanthin) and their sources, lycopene, anthocyanins, betanin, chlorophyllins, spirulina extract, carmine and cochineal extract, henna, riboflavin, pyrogallol, logwood extract, guaiazulene, turmeric, and soy leghemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student research committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Hamedi
- School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Lu X, Li W, Wang Q, Wang J, Qin S. Progress on the Extraction, Separation, Biological Activity, and Delivery of Natural Plant Pigments. Molecules 2023; 28:5364. [PMID: 37513236 PMCID: PMC10385551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural plant pigments are safe and have low toxicity, with various nutrients and biological activities. However, the extraction, preservation, and application of pigments are limited due to the instability of natural pigments. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the extraction and application processes of natural plant pigments in detail. This review discusses the classification, extraction methods, biological activities, and modification methods that could improve the stability of various pigments from plants, providing a reference for applying natural plant pigments in the industry and the cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Lu
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264032, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264032, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264032, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Song Qin
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264032, China
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Sun S, Xu K, Yan M, Cui J, Zhu K, Yang Y, Zhang X, Tang W, Huang X, Dou L, Chen B, Lin Y, Zhang X, Man Y, Li J, Shen T. Delphinidin induces autophagic flux blockage and apoptosis by inhibiting both multidrug resistance gene 1 and DEAD-box helicase 17 expressions in liver cancer cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:253-263. [PMID: 36179123 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the function and regulatory mechanisms of delphinidin in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS HepG2 and HuH-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of delphinidin. Cell viability was analysed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The cell autophagy and autophagic flux were analysed by LC3b-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Adv and LC3b-GFP-monomeric red fluorescent protein-Adv transfected HepG2 and HuH-7 cells, respectively. Cell apoptosis was analysed by Hoechst33342 staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and DNA laddering. Cell autophagy, apoptosis and survival related protein expressions were detected by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS After treatment with different concentrations of delphinidin, the cell survival rate was significantly decreased. Delphinidin could block the autophagic flux, resulting in a significant increase in autophagosomes, and led to an increase in cell apoptosis. The combined application of delphinidin and cisplatin could promote the antitumour effect and reduce the dose of cisplatin in tumour cells. Further mechanism studies reveal that delphinidin could inhibit the multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) and the tumour-promoting transcription cofactor DEAD-box helicase 17 (DDX17) expression in tumour cells. Overexpression of DDX17 could reverse delphinidin's antitumor function in tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS Delphinidin has a strong anti-tumour effect by inducing tumour cell autophagic flux blockage and apoptosis by inhibiting of both MDR1 and DDX17 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjing Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyi Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Beidong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Man
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
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Emerging Role of Plant-Based Dietary Components in Post-Translational Modifications Associated with Colorectal Cancer. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020264. [PMID: 36836621 PMCID: PMC9962725 DOI: 10.3390/life13020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Its main modifiable risk factors are diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Thus, the right approach through lifestyle changes may lead to its prevention. In fact, some natural dietary components have exhibited chemopreventive activity through modulation of cellular processes involved in CRC development. Although cancer is a multi-factorial process, the study of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins associated with CRC has recently gained interest, as inappropriate modification is closely related to the activation of cell signalling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. Therefore, this review aimed to collect the main PTMs associated with CRC, analyse the relationship between different proteins that are susceptible to inappropriate PTMs, and review the available scientific literature on the role of plant-based dietary compounds in modulating CRC-associated PTMs. In summary, this review suggested that some plant-based dietary components such as phenols, flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, and alkaloids may be able to correct the inappropriate PTMs associated with CRC and promote apoptosis in tumour cells.
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Han L, Yan Y, Fan M, Gao S, Zhang L, Xiong X, Li R, Xiao X, Wang X, Ni L, Tong D, Huang C, Cao Y, Yang J. Pt3R5G inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation through inducing ferroptosis by down-regulating SLC7A11. Life Sci 2022; 306:120859. [PMID: 35931199 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Colon cancer (CC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide and is one of the most easily altered cancers by dietary regulation. Petunidin 3-O-[rhamnopyranosyl-(trans-p-coumaroyl)]-5-O-(β-D-glucopyranoside) (Pt3R5G) isolated and purified from Lycium ruthenicum Murray, which exhibits highly efficient antioxidant activity and specific anticancer effects, is the flavonoids compound. We aimed to study the effect of Pt3R5G on CC cells and elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Cell proliferation was measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assays. Cell cycle, cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis were performed by flow cytometry. RNA-sequencing was performed to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms. The lipid peroxidation level of cells was detected by malondialdehyde (MDA) assay. The mitochondrial morphology of cells was inspected using a transmission electron microscope. Additionally, we overexpressed SLC7A11 to perform rescue experiments. In vivo, xenograft mice assay was performed to verify the effect of Pt3R5G on the growth of colon cancer. KEY FINDINGS Pt3R5G reduced the cell activity by blocking the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, inducing the apoptosis and ferroptosis in RKO cells. The overexpressed of SLC7A11, a significantly down-regulated expression gene caused by Pt3R5G, rescued the cell proliferation inhibition and ferroptosis process. Furthermore, Pt3R5G inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. Our study suggests that Pt3R5G inhibits RKO cell proliferation through mainly reducing ferroptosis by down-regulated SLC7A11. SIGNIFICANCE As a potential therapeutic drug, Pt3R5G showed efficient anticancer activity through a variety of pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yamei Yan
- Goji berry Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Meiyang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shanfeng Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaofan Xiong
- Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port in Precision Medicine Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Rufeng Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lei Ni
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Youlong Cao
- Goji berry Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China.
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Wang M, Liu X, Chen T, Cheng X, Xiao H, Meng X, Jiang Y. Inhibition and potential treatment of colorectal cancer by natural compounds via various signaling pathways. Front Oncol 2022; 12:956793. [PMID: 36158694 PMCID: PMC9496650 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.956793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of malignant digestive tract tumor with a high incidence rate worldwide. Currently, the clinical treatment of CRC predominantly include surgical resection, postoperative chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, these treatments contain severe limitations such as drug side effects, the risk of recurrence and drug resistance. Some natural compounds found in plants, fungi, marine animals, and bacteria have been shown to inhibit the occurrence and development of CRC. Although the explicit molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of these compounds on CRC are not clear, classical signaling transduction pathways such as NF-kB and Wnt/β-catenin are extensively regulated. In this review, we have summarized the specific mechanisms regulating the inhibition and development of CRC by various types of natural compounds through nine signaling pathways, and explored the potential therapeutic values of these natural compounds in the clinical treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianbin Cheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huijie Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianglong Meng
- Department of Burns Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Jiang,
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Morris JB, Tonnis BD, Wang ML, Bhattarai U. Genetic Diversity for Quercetin, Myricetin, Cyanidin, and Delphinidin Concentrations in 38 Blackeye Pea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Genotypes for Potential Use as a Functional Health Vegetable. J Diet Suppl 2022; 20:673-688. [PMID: 35615864 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2077881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Blackeye peas (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) are mainly used as a vegetable throughout the world, however they may contain significant concentrations of quercetin, myricetin, cyanidin, and delphinidin for potential use as a functional vegetable. Thirty-eight blackeye pea genotypes were selected from the core collection in the USDA, ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit's cold storage at 4 °C during 2016. Information regarding concentrations of quercetin, myricetin, cyanidin, delphindin, and correlations among these as well as additional seed traits including seed coat color, seed pattern color, seed pattern, seed texture, and years in storage would add value to the blackeye pea genotypes for use as a functional vegetable. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the red seeded accession originating from Mozambique, PI 367927 produced the highest quercetin (469.53 µg/g) and myricetin (212.23 µg/g) concentrations. The black seeded genotype, PI 353236, originating from India, produced the highest cyanidin (1,388.82 µg/g) concentration. However, PI 353236 and the brown seeded genotype, PI 353352 from India produced the highest concentrations of delphinidin (1,343.27 and 1,353.94 µg/g), respectively. Several correlations were observed and interestingly only delphinidin showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.293*) with years in cold storage indicating that delphinidin declined in the seeds stored the longest (from 4-45 years) at 4 °C. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained how the flavonols, anthocyanidins, and the additional seed traits contributed to the variation of the blackeye pea genotypes. The cluster analysis showed six clusters representing low to high phytochemical concentrations. The genetic parameters including σ2g, σ2p, GCV, PCV, h2h, and GG indicate that improvement in these phytochemical traits is possible through selection. The genotypic and phenotypic correlations showed that improving one phytochemical significantly improved the other except for cyanidin with delphinidin. These results can be used by scientists to develop blackeye pea cultivars with high flavonol and anthocyanidin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bradley Morris
- Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Brandon D Tonnis
- Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Ming Li Wang
- Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Griffin, GA, USA
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Vejarano R, Luján-Corro M. Red Wine and Health: Approaches to Improve the Phenolic Content During Winemaking. Front Nutr 2022; 9:890066. [PMID: 35694174 PMCID: PMC9174943 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.890066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence regarding the health benefits of red wine consumption due to its content of phenolic compounds, as an alternative to improve the state of health and prevent various diseases, being the implementation of procedures that allow a greater extraction and stability of phenolic compounds during the elaboration a key aspect. The first part of this review summarizes some studies, mostly at the preclinical level, on the mechanisms by which phenolic compounds act in the human organism, taking advantage of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antithrombotic, antiatherogenic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and other activities. Although the migration of grape components into the must/wine occurs during the winemaking process, the application of new technologies may contribute to increasing the content of phenolic compounds in the finished wine. Some of these technologies have been evaluated on an industrial scale, and in some cases, they have been included in the International Code of Oenological Practice by the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV). In this sense, the second part of this review deals with the use of these novel technologies that can increase, or at least maintain, the polyphenol content. For example, in the pre-fermentative stage, phenolic extraction can be increased by treating the berries or must with high pressures, pulsed electric fields (PEF), ultrasound (US), e-beam radiation or ozone. At fermentative level, yeasts with high production of pyranoanthocyanins and/or their precursor molecules, low polyphenol absorption, and low anthocyanin-β-glucosidase activity can be used. Whereas, at the post-fermentative level, aging-on-lees (AOL) can contribute to maintaining polyphenol levels, and therefore transmitting health benefits to the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Vejarano
- Department of Research, Innovation and Social Responsibility, Universidad Privada del Norte (UPN), Trujillo, Peru
| | - Mariano Luján-Corro
- School of Agroindustrial Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo (UNT), Trujillo, Peru
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Husain A, Chanana H, Khan SA, Dhanalekshmi UM, Ali M, Alghamdi AA, Ahmad A. Chemistry and Pharmacological Actions of Delphinidin, a Dietary Purple Pigment in Anthocyanidin and Anthocyanin Forms. Front Nutr 2022; 9:746881. [PMID: 35369062 PMCID: PMC8969030 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.746881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are naturally occurring water-soluble flavonoids abundantly present in fruits and vegetables. They are polymethoxyderivatives of 2-phenyl-benzopyrylium or flavylium salts. Delphinidin (Dp) is a purple-colored plant pigment, which occurs in a variety of berries, eggplant, roselle, and wine. It is found in a variety of glycosidic forms ranging from glucoside to arabinoside. Dp is highly active in its aglycone form, but the presence of a sugar moiety is vital for its bioavailability. Several animal and human clinical studies have shown that it exerts beneficial effects on gut microbiota. Dp exhibits a variety of useful biological activities by distinct and complex mechanisms. This manuscript highlights the basic characteristics, chemistry, biosynthesis, stability profiling, chemical synthesis, physicochemical parameters along with various analytical methods developed for extraction, isolation and characterization, diverse biological activities and granted patents to this lead anthocyanin molecule, Dp. This review aims to open pathways for further exploration and research investigation on the true potential of the naturally occurring purple pigment (Dp) in its anthocyanidin and anthocyanin forms beyond nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Husain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshit Chanana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman
| | - U M Dhanalekshmi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman
| | - M Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar A Alghamdi
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Zughaibi TA, Suhail M, Tarique M, Tabrez S. Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway by Different Flavonoids: A Cancer Chemopreventive Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212455. [PMID: 34830339 PMCID: PMC8621356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is, globally, one of the main causes of death. Even though various therapies are available, they are still painful because of their adverse side effects. Available treatments frequently fail due to unpromising responses, resistance to classical anticancer drugs, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and low accessibility to tumor tissues. Developing novel strategies to minimize adverse side effects, improve chemotherapy sensitivity, and control cancer progression is needed. Many studies have suggested small dietary molecules as complementary treatments for cancer patients. Different components of herbal/edible plants, known as flavonoids, have recently garnered attention due to their broad biological properties (e.g., antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective). These flavonoids have shown anticancer activity by affecting different signaling cascades. This article summarizes the key progress made in this area and discusses the role of flavonoids by specifically inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torki A. Zughaibi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.T.); Tel.: +966-533018148 (M.S.); +966-126401000 (ext. 25185) (S.T.); Fax: +966-126952076 (S.T.)
| | - Mohammad Tarique
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.T.); Tel.: +966-533018148 (M.S.); +966-126401000 (ext. 25185) (S.T.); Fax: +966-126952076 (S.T.)
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11
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Mao W, Huang G, Chen H, Xu L, Qin S, Li A. Research Progress of the Role of Anthocyanins on Bone Regeneration. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:773660. [PMID: 34776985 PMCID: PMC8585783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.773660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration in osteoporosis and fragility fractures which are highly associated with age remains a great challenge in the orthopedic field, even though the bone is subjected to a continuous process of remodeling which persists throughout lifelong. Regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation is recognized as effective therapeutic targets to accelerate bone regeneration in osteopenic conditions. Anthocyanins (ACNs), a class of naturally occurring compounds obtained from colored plants, have received increasing attention recently because of their well-documented biological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis in chronic diseases, like osteoporosis. Here, we summarized the detailed research progress on ACNs on bone regeneration and their molecular mechanisms on promoting osteoblast differentiation as well as inhibiting osteoclast formation and differentiation to explore their promising therapeutic application in repressing bone loss and helping fragility fracture healing. Better understanding the role and mechanisms of ACNs on bone regeneration is helpful for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis and also for the exploration of new bone regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Wu A, Zhu Y, Han B, Peng J, Deng X, Chen W, Du J, Ou Y, Peng X, Yu X. Delphinidin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HER-2 positive breast cancer cell lines by regulating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:832. [PMID: 34712357 PMCID: PMC8548810 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Delphinidin is an anthocyanidin monomer, commonly found in vegetables and fruits, and has demonstrated antitumor effects in the HER-2-positive MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cell line, with low cytotoxicity on normal breast cells. However, the direct functional mechanisms underlying the effect of delphinidin on HER-2-positive breast cancer cells has not been fully characterized. In the present study, it was found that delphinidin could induce G2/M phase cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the protein expression level of cyclin B1 and Cdk1 in HER-2-positive breast cancer cell lines. In addition, delphinidin promoted the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by inhibiting the ERK and NF-κB signaling pathway and activating the JNK signaling pathway. Therefore, delphinidin markedly suppressed the viability of the HER-2-positive breast cancer cell lines by modulating the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. Overall, the findings from the present study demonstrated that delphinidin treatment could induce the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in human HER-2-positive breast cancer cell lines, providing an experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of HER-2-positive breast cancer by flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Wu
- Basic Medical School, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China.,Ministry of Science and Technology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- Graduate School, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Bin Han
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Jiayuan Peng
- Basic Medical School, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Deng
- Basic Medical School, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Basic Medical School, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Jingchang Du
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ou
- Division of Planning and Finance, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Graduate School, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
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13
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Sharma A, Choi HK, Kim YK, Lee HJ. Delphinidin and Its Glycosides' War on Cancer: Preclinical Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11500. [PMID: 34768930 PMCID: PMC8583959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Until now, several studies have looked at the issue of anthocyanin and cancer, namely the preventive and inhibitory effects of anthocyanins, as well as the underlying molecular processes. However, no targeted review is available regarding the anticarcinogenic effects of delphinidin and its glycosides on various cancers and their plausible molecular mechanisms. Considerable evidence shows significant anticancer properties of delphinidin-rich preparations and delphinidin alone both in vitro and in vivo. This review covers the in vitro and preclinical implications of delphinidin-mediated cell protection and cancer prevention; thus, we strongly recommend that delphinidin-rich preparations be further investigated as potential functional food, dietary antioxidant supplements, and natural health products targeting specific chronic diseases, including cancer. In addition to in vitro investigations, future research should focus on more animal and human studies to determine the true potential of delphinidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Sharma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
| | - Yeon-Kye Kim
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gijang-eup, Busan 46083, Korea;
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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14
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Shi N, Chen X, Chen T. Anthocyanins in Colorectal Cancer Prevention Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101600. [PMID: 34679735 PMCID: PMC8533526 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a big health burden worldwide. Nutrition and dietary factors are known to affect colorectal cancer development and prognosis. The protective roles of diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been previously reported to contain high levels of cancer-fighting phytochemicals. Anthocyanins are the most abundant flavonoid compounds that are responsible for the bright colors of most blue, purple, and red fruits and vegetables, and have been shown to contribute to the protective effects of fruits and vegetables against cancer and other chronic diseases. Berries and grapes are the most common anthocyanin-rich fruits with antitumor effects. The antitumor effects of anthocyanins are determined by their structures and bioavailability as well as how they are metabolized. In this review, we aimed to discuss the preventive as well as therapeutic potentials of anthocyanins in CRC. We summarized the antitumor effects of anthocyanins and the mechanisms of action. We also discussed the potential pharmaceutical application of anthocyanins in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, 1800 Cannon Drive, 13th Floor, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George St., Durham, NC 27707, USA;
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, 1800 Cannon Drive, 13th Floor, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(614)-685-9119
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15
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Platonova EY, Shaposhnikov MV, Lee HY, Lee JH, Min KJ, Moskalev A. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) extracts in terms of geroprotector criteria. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Kumar R, Harilal S, Carradori S, Mathew B. A Comprehensive Overview of Colon Cancer- A Grim Reaper of the 21st Century. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2657-2696. [PMID: 33106132 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201026143757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
A few decades ago, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) was low and is now the fourth in the list of deadly cancers producing nearly a million deaths annually. A population that is aging along with risk factors such as smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle with little or no physical activity, and non-healthy food habits of developed countries can increase the risk of colorectal cancer. The balance in gut microbiota and the metabolites produced during bacterial fermentation within the host plays a significant role in regulating intestinal diseases as well as colorectal cancer development. Recent progress in the understanding of illness resulted in multiple treatment options such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, including targeted therapy and multitherapies. The treatment plan for CRC depends on the location, stage and grade of cancer as well as genomic biomarker tests. Despite all the advancements made in the genetic and molecular aspects of the disease, the knowledge seems inadequate as the drug action as well as the wide variation in drug response did not appear strongly correlated with the individual molecular and genetic characteristics, which suggests the requirement of comprehensive molecular understanding of this complex heterogeneous disease. Furthermore, multitherapies or a broad spectrum approach, which is an amalgamation of the various promising as well as effective therapeutic strategies that can tackle heterogeneity and act on several targets of the disease, need to be validated in clinical studies. The latest treatment options have significantly increased the survival of up to three years in the case of advanced disease. The fact that colorectal cancer is developed from a polypoid precursor, as well as the symptoms of the disease that occur at an advanced stage, underlines how screening programs can help early detection and decrease mortality as well as morbidity from CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Seetha Harilal
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
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17
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Strugała P, Urbaniak A, Kuryś P, Włoch A, Kral T, Ugorski M, Hof M, Gabrielska J. Antitumor and antioxidant activities of purple potato ethanolic extract and its interaction with liposomes, albumin and plasmid DNA. Food Funct 2021; 12:1271-1290. [PMID: 33434253 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01667e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to broadly determine the biological activities of purple potato ethanolic extract of the Blue Congo variety (BCE). The antioxidant activity of BCE was determined in relation to liposome membranes, and peroxidation was induced by UVB and AAPH. To clarify the antioxidant activity of BCE, we investigated its interactions with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of a membrane using fluorimetric and FTIR methods. Next, we investigated the cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic activities of BCE in two human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29 and Caco-2) and in normal cells (IPEC-J2). In addition, the ability to inhibit enzymes that are involved in pro-inflammatory reactions was examined. Furthermore, BCE interactions with serum albumin and plasmid DNA were investigated using steady state fluorescence spectroscopy and a single molecule fluorescence technique (TCSPC-FCS). We proved that BCE effectively protects lipid membranes against the process of peroxidation and successfully inhibits the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. Furthermore, it interacts with the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of lipid membranes as well as with albumin and plasmid DNA. It was observed that BCE is more cytotoxic against colon cancer cell lines than normal IPEC-J2 cells; it also induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines, but does not induce cell death in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Strugała
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Urbaniak
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Patryk Kuryś
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Włoch
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Teresa Kral
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland. and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Maciej Ugorski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martin Hof
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Janina Gabrielska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
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18
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Moirangthem K, Ramakrishna P, Amer MH, Tucker GA. Bioactivity and anthocyanin content of microwave-assisted subcritical water extracts of Manipur black rice (Chakhao) bran and straw. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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19
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Mena J, Elgueta E, Espinola-Gonzales F, Cardenas H, Orihuela PA. Hydroethanolic Extracts of the Aristotelia Chilensis (Maqui) Berry Reduces Cellular Viability and Invasiveness in the Endometrial Cancer Cell Line Ishikawa. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211007560. [PMID: 33926283 PMCID: PMC8113921 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211007560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the reproductive tract includes diseases with higher prevalence in the female population. This investigation examined whether an anthocyanin-enriched extract of Aristotelia chilensis, commonly known as "maqui," could affect some hallmarks of endometrial cancer. Cultures of the human endometrial cancer cell line Ishikawa were treated with a hydroethanolic maqui extract at 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, or 1000 µg/mL to determine the effect on cell viability by MTT assay. Then, we used the 50% Effective Concentration (EC50) to evaluate whether the effect of the maqui extract is mediated via an arrest of the cell cycle or induction of apoptosis using flow cytometry or Annexin V-FITC assays, respectively. The effects of sublethal doses of the maqui extract on migration and invasiveness of Ishikawa cells were also evaluated by the wound healing and Boyden Chamber assay, respectively. Our results show that the hydroethanolic maqui extract inhibits the cell viability with an EC50 of 472.3 µg/mL via increased apoptosis, and that reduces the invasive capacity but not migration of Ishikawa cells. These findings suggest that the hydroethanolic maqui extract has antineoplastic properties for endometrial cancer and merits further studies to corroborate its efficiency as anticancer therapy in reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mena
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Estefanía Elgueta
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Espinola-Gonzales
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Cardenas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro A Orihuela
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Nanotecnología-CEDENNA, Santiago-Chile
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20
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Delphinidin Increases the Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines to 3-Bromopyruvate. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020709. [PMID: 33445795 PMCID: PMC7828231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Bromopyruvic acid (3-BP) is a promising anticancer compound. Two ovary cancer (OC) cell lines, PEO1 and SKOV3, showed relatively high sensitivity to 3-BP (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 18.7 and 40.5 µM, respectively). However, the further sensitization of OC cells to 3-BP would be desirable. Delphinidin (D) has been reported to be cytotoxic for cancer cell lines. We found that D was the most toxic for PEO1 and SKOV3 cells from among several flavonoids tested. The combined action of 3-BP and D was mostly synergistic in PEO1 cells and mostly weakly antagonistic in SKOV3 cells. The viability of MRC-5 fibroblasts was not affected by both compounds at concentrations of up to 100 µM. The combined action of 3-BP and D decreased the level of ATP and of dihydroethidium (DHE)-detectable reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular mobility and cell staining with phalloidin and Mitotracker Red in both cell lines but increased the 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein (DCFDA)-detectable ROS level and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial mass only in PEO1 cells. The glutathione level was increased by 3-BP+D only in SKOV3 cells. These differences may contribute to the lower sensitivity of SKOV3 cells to 3-BP+D. Our results point to the possibility of sensitization of at least some OC cells to 3-BP by D.
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21
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Wang X, Kang Y, Li J, Jing L, Zhang Y. Antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing effect of delphinidin against human bladder cancer cell line. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_548_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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22
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Dharmawansa KS, Hoskin DW, Rupasinghe HPV. Chemopreventive Effect of Dietary Anthocyanins against Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Review of Recent Advances and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186555. [PMID: 32911639 PMCID: PMC7554903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of dietary polyphenols, abundant mainly in fruits and their products. Dietary interventions of anthocyanins are being studied extensively related to the prevention of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, among many other chronic disorders. This review summarizes the hereditary and non-hereditary characteristics of GI cancers, chemistry, and bioavailability of anthocyanins, and the most recent findings of anthocyanin in GI cancer prevention through modulating cellular signaling pathways. GI cancer-preventive attributes of anthocyanins are primarily due to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties, and their ability to regulate gene expression and metabolic pathways, as well as induce the apoptosis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.V. Surangi Dharmawansa
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - David W. Hoskin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-902-893-6623
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23
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Speciale A, Saija A, Bashllari R, Molonia MS, Muscarà C, Occhiuto C, Cimino F, Cristani M. Anthocyanins As Modulators of Cell Redox-Dependent Pathways in Non-Communicable Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1955-1996. [PMID: 30417771 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181112093336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs), mostly represented by cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic pulmonary diseases, cancers, and several chronic pathologies, are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, and are mainly related to the occurrence of metabolic risk factors. Anthocyanins (ACNs) possess a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective and chemopreventive properties, which are able to promote human health. Although ACNs present an apparent low bioavailability, their metabolites may play an important role in the in vivo protective effects observed. This article directly addresses the scientific evidences supporting that ACNs could be useful to protect human population against several NCDs not only acting as antioxidant but through their capability to modulate cell redox-dependent signaling. In particular, ACNs interact with the NF-κB and AP-1 signal transduction pathways, which respond to oxidative signals and mediate a proinflammatory effect, and the Nrf2/ARE pathway and its regulated cytoprotective proteins (GST, NQO, HO-1, etc.), involved in both cellular antioxidant defenses and elimination/inactivation of toxic compounds, so countering the alterations caused by conditions of chemical/oxidative stress. In addition, supposed crosstalks could contribute to explain the protective effects of ACNs in different pathological conditions characterized by an altered balance among these pathways. Thus, this review underlines the importance of specific nutritional molecules for human health and focuses on the molecular targets and the underlying mechanisms of ACNs against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Romina Bashllari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,"Prof. Antonio Imbesi" Foundation, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Occhiuto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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24
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Mohapatra P, Singh P, Sahoo SK. Phytonanomedicine: a novel avenue to treat recurrent cancer by targeting cancer stem cells. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1307-1321. [PMID: 32554061 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that tumor relapse and metastasis is caused by minor population of tumor-initiating cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which exhibit self-renewability, quiescence, antiapoptosis, and drug resistance. Conventional chemotherapeutics target rapidly proliferating cells but fail to exert cytotoxic effects on CSCs, thus enriching them and driving metastasis and relapse. Hence, targeting CSCs is essential for developing novel therapies for effective cancer treatment. Pertaining to this, several phytochemicals have been identified that exhibit anti-CSC activity. However, poor pharmacokinetics prevents their clinical translation. Hence, developing phytonanomedicine can help to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of these biologically active molecules. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art of phytonanomedicine in the context of CSCs and their clinical status in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priya Singh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Zhang YL, Zhang X, Miao XZ, Yuan YY, Gao J, Li X, Liu YG, Tan P. Coptisine suppresses proliferation and inhibits metastasis in human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:452-463. [PMID: 31119952 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1585820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of coptisine against advanced stage of human pancreatic carcinoma PANC-1 cells was investigated in vitro. Coptisine (25-150 μM) treatment for 48 h caused dose-dependent cell growth inhibition by using CCK-8 assay. Additionally, coptisine was found to inhibit PANC-1 cells metastasis by the wound healing assay. Flow cytometry data indicated that coptisine (25-100 μM) exhibited dose-dependent G1 phase arrest and moderate reduction of S phase. Coptisine was also found to inhibit ERK phosphorylation and total ERK levels. Our research suggested that coptisine would be a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Madica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Madica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiang-Zhen Miao
- School of Chinese Materia Madica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yuan
- School of Chinese Materia Madica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Madica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong-Gang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Madica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Madica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Rabiei M, Zarrini G, Mahdavi M. Lactobacillus casei UT1 Isolated from Northwest of Iran Traditional Curd Exerts Anti-proliferative and Apoptosis Inducing Effects in Human Colorectal Tumor HCT 116 Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:125-129. [PMID: 32002371 PMCID: PMC6983980 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2020.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present study was mainly designed to assess anti-cancer effects of lactobacilli isolated from traditional dairy products, on HCT116 colorectal cancer cell lines. Methods: Traditional dairy products samples were collected from the region of Azarbayjan and the suspensions were cultured in MRS agar medium. The isolates were identified by biochemical and molecular methods. Isolated bacteria were cultured in MRS broth. Supernatants of the isolates cultures were collected and their cytotoxicity was evaluated on HCT116 cancer cells. Morphological changes of the treated cells by supernatant were observed using an inverted microscope. Cell metabolic activity was assessed by MTT assay. The morphology of apoptotic cells was examined using a fluorescent microscope. In cell cycle analysis, content measurement of DNA was performed by flow cytometry. Results: Out of 30 lactobacilli were isolated from dairy products samples, six isolates belong to curd samples. Cell-based assays showed that culture supernatant of one isolate (UT1) had a significant anticancer effect on colorectal HCT116 cell lines (P<0.05). The 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that the isolate UT1 was 99% compatible with Lactobacillus casei. Conclusion: It is noteworthy that the supernatant of L. casei UT1 can be candidate for studies on compounds having anti-cancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gholamreza Zarrini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Hazafa A, Rehman KU, Jahan N, Jabeen Z. The Role of Polyphenol (Flavonoids) Compounds in the Treatment of Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 72:386-397. [PMID: 31287738 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1637006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a second leading cause of deaths and major public health problem. It occurs due to extensive DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiations, ionizing radiations, environmental agents, therapeutic agents, etc. Among all cancers, the most frequently diagnosed cancers are lung (12.7%), breast (10.9%), colorectal (9.7%), and gastric cancer (7.81%). Natural compounds are most favorable against cancer on the count of their anti-cancerous ability, easy to avail and efficient. Among natural compounds, polyphenols (flavonoids, catechin, hesperetin, flavones, quercetin, phenolic acids, ellagic acid, lignans, stilbenes, etc.) represent a large and diverse group used in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Natural flavonoids are derived from different plant sources and from various medicinal plants including Petroselinum crispum, Apium graveolens, Flemingia vestita, Phyllanthus emblica, etc. Natural flavonoids possess antioxidant, anti-inflammation, as well as anti-cancerous activities through multiple pathways, they induce apoptosis in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers, lower the nucleoside diphosphate kinase-B activity in lung, bladder and colon cancers, inhibit cell-proliferation and cell cycle arrest by suppressing the NF-kB pathway in various cancers, etc. The current review summarized the anticancer activities of natural polyphenols and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hazafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalil-Ur- Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zara Jabeen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Huang CC, Hung CH, Hung TW, Lin YC, Wang CJ, Kao SH. Dietary delphinidin inhibits human colorectal cancer metastasis associating with upregulation of miR-204-3p and suppression of the integrin/FAK axis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18954. [PMID: 31831830 PMCID: PMC6908670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Delphinidin is a flavonoid belonging to dietary anthocyanidin family that has been reported to possess diverse anti-tumoral activities. However, the effects of delphinidin on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activity of delphinidin in CRC cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The effects of delphinidin on the viability, metastatic characteristics, signaling, and microRNA (miR) profile of human CRC cell lines used were analyzed. In vivo metastasis was also evaluated using xenograft animal models. Our findings showed that delphinidin (<100 μM) inhibited the colony formation of DLD-1, SW480, and SW620 cells, but non-significantly affected cell viability. Delphinidin also suppressed the migratory ability and invasiveness of the tested CRC cell lines, downregulated integrin αV/β3 expression, inhibited focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Src/paxillin signaling, and interfered with cytoskeletal construction. Analysis of the miR expression profile revealed a number of miRs, particularly miR-204-3p, that were significantly upregulated and downregulated by delphinidin. Abolishing the expression of one upregulated miR, miR-204-3p, with an antagomir restored delphinidin-mediated inhibition of cell migration and invasiveness in DLD-1 cells as well as the αV/β3-integrin/FAK/Src axis. Delphinidin also inhibited the lung metastasis of DLD-1 cells in the xenograft animal model. Collectively, these results indicate that the migration and invasion of CRC cells are inhibited by delphinidin, and the mechanism may involve the upregulation of miR-204-3p and consequent suppression of the αV/β3-integrin/FAK axis. These findings suggest that delphinidin exerts anti-metastatic effects in CRC cells by inhibiting integrin/FAK signaling and indicate that miR-204-3p may play an important role in CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chou Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Hung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Shao-Hsuan Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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Arora I, Sharma M, Tollefsbol TO. Combinatorial Epigenetics Impact of Polyphenols and Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184567. [PMID: 31540128 PMCID: PMC6769666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are potent micronutrients that can be found in large quantities in various food sources and spices. These compounds, also known as phenolics due to their phenolic structure, play a vital nutrient-based role in the prevention of various diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, liver disease, and cancers. However, the function of polyphenols in disease prevention and therapy depends on their dietary consumption and biological properties. According to American Cancer Society statistics, there will be an expected rise of 23.6 million new cancer cases by 2030. Due to the severity of the increased risk, it is important to evaluate various preventive measures associated with cancer. Relatively recently, numerous studies have indicated that various dietary polyphenols and phytochemicals possess properties of modifying epigenetic mechanisms that modulate gene expression resulting in regulation of cancer. These polyphenols and phytochemicals, when administrated in a dose-dependent and combinatorial-based manner, can have an enhanced effect on epigenetic changes, which play a crucial role in cancer prevention and therapy. Hence, this review will focus on the mechanisms of combined polyphenols and phytochemicals that can impact various epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications as well as regulation of non-coding miRNAs expression for treatment and prevention of various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itika Arora
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Manvi Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Medic N, Tramer F, Passamonti S. Anthocyanins in Colorectal Cancer Prevention. A Systematic Review of the Literature in Search of Molecular Oncotargets. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:675. [PMID: 31281255 PMCID: PMC6597886 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the malignant process that surges in the terminal part of gastrointestinal tract when adenomatous polyps convert to neoplastic cells able to infiltrate the submucosa. Despite the constant progress in applying preventive measures (screening, colonoscopy) and developing new cures (surgical and chemotherapy), CRC is still one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. The importance of natural dietary components in CRC prevention has been recognized. Defining the precise role of the diet and its particular molecular moieties in CRC prevention is of constant scientific interest years behind. Anthocyanins (AC), phenolic phytochemicals present in pigmented plants and vegetables, have been reported to have some role in counteracting CRC carcinogenesis. Nonetheless, evidence coming out the pre-clinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies is still controversial. This review is addressing the need to better comprehend the causes of missing data and discrepancies in investigations on the role of dietary AC in modulating CRC carcinogenesis. Methods: We have analyzed the scientific literature, available in PubMed database, according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement methodology for systematic reviews. Subsequently, two selection strategies, with their screening and eligibility criteria, were applied to retain research articles reporting in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects of AC in CRC prevention. Results: From the pool of 82 identified publications, we selected 19 articles reporting experimental or observational data on the effect of AC-enriched diets in CRC prevention in humans or murine species. Furthermore, we selected 10 articles reporting about molecular mechanisms of action of pure AC in CRC experimental models. Conclusions: The major outcome of this review is that AC showed essentially no effect in human studies, whereas AC-enriched diets proved to be effective in experimental murine models of CRC. In cell culture tests, AC showed to interfere with cell signaling pathways related to cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, oxygen stress, and inflammation response. Further molecular characterizations are required to include AC in the panel of disease-modifying agents.
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Champ CE, Kundu-Champ A. Maximizing Polyphenol Content to Uncork the Relationship Between Wine and Cancer. Front Nutr 2019; 6:44. [PMID: 31114789 PMCID: PMC6502998 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have revealed conflicting results regarding the risk of cancer from alcohol consumption. Furthermore, some studies have suggested that wine may have benefits that separate it from other alcoholic beverages. As wine contains a significant amount of chemicals, specifically polyphenols like anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PA), that can affect cellular function and promote health, this hypothesis is reasonably supported by recent research. Polyphenols promote several anticancer cellular pathways, including xenobiotic metabolism, support of innate antioxidant production, and stimulation of phase I and II detoxification of carcinogens. However, the multitude of growing and production conditions of grapes, including temperature, water availability, soil type, maceration, and aging can result in a remarkably varying final product based on the available literature. Thus, we hypothesize that wines produced from grapes cultivated between steady daily temperatures at 15–25°C with moderate sun exposure from flowering to harvest, lower vine-water status, resulting either from lower precipitation, and irrigation practices or more permeable soil types, limitation of fertilizers, extended maceration, and aging in oak will impact the concentration of anthocyanins and PA in the finished wine and may have a differential impact on cancer. This higher concentration of polyphenols would, in theory, create a healthier wine, thus explaining the conflicting reports on the benefits or harms of wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin E. Champ
- Cancer Prevention Project, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Colin E. Champ
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Vitelli Storelli F, Molina AJ, Zamora-Ros R, Fernández-Villa T, Roussou V, Romaguera D, Aragonés N, Obón-Santacana M, Guevara M, Gómez-Acebo I, Fernández-Tardón G, Molina-Barceló A, Olmedo-Requena R, Capelo R, Chirlaque MD, Pérez-Gómez B, Moreno V, Castilla J, Rubín-García M, Pollán M, Kogevinas M, Lera JPB, Martín V. Flavonoids and the Risk of Gastric Cancer: An Exploratory Case-Control Study in the MCC-Spain Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050967. [PMID: 31035601 PMCID: PMC6566880 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between the dietary flavonoid intake and gastric cancer (GC) risk; however, the results remain inconclusive. Investigating the relationship between the different classes of flavonoids and the histological types and origin of GC can be of interest to the research community. We used data from a population-based multi-case control study (MCC-Spain) obtained from 12 different regions of Spain. 2700 controls and 329 GC cases were included in this study. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using the mixed effects logistic regression considering quartiles of flavonoid intakes and log2. Flavonoid intake was associated with a lower GC risk (ORlog2 = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.65-0.89; ORq4vsq1 = 0.60; 95%CI = 0.40-0.89; ptrend = 0.007). Inverse and statistically significant associations were observed with anthocyanidins, chalcones, dihydroflavonols and flavan-3-ols. The isoflavanoid intake was positively associated with higher cancer risk, but without reaching a statistical significance. In general, no differences were observed in the GC risk according to the location and histological type. The flavonoid intake seems to be a protective factor against GC within the MCC-study. This effect may vary depending on the flavonoid class but not by the histological type and location of the tumor. Broader studies with larger sample size and greater geographical variability are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Vitelli Storelli
- Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud (GIIGAS)/Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Antonio José Molina
- Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud (GIIGAS)/Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Tania Fernández-Villa
- Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud (GIIGAS)/Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Vasiliki Roussou
- Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud (GIIGAS)/Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain.
- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Cancer Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, 28035 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mireia Obón-Santacana
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Public Health Institute of Navarra-IDISNA, 31003 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Inés Gómez-Acebo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- University of Cantabria⁻IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Tardón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- University of Cantabria⁻IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - Ana Molina-Barceló
- Cancer and Public Health Area, FISABIO-Public Health, 46020 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Rocío Capelo
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud, y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Chirlaque
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, 30007 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Victor Moreno
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Public Health Institute of Navarra-IDISNA, 31003 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María Rubín-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud (GIIGAS)/Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Marina Pollán
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, 08002 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Pablo Barrio Lera
- Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud (GIIGAS)/Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Vicente Martín
- Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud (GIIGAS)/Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Wu H, Wu Y, Ren L, Zhai W, Jiang Y, Guo S, Tao D, Su C, Chen Z, Jiang H. Effects of triptolide on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from patients with multiple myeloma. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3291-3298. [PMID: 30988704 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TPL), an extract of the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that further possesses anticancer activity. Its antiproliferative effects are well established. Only few studies have focused on TPL as a potential treatment in multiple myeloma (MM). In the current study, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) from patients with MM were isolated and treated with TPL at varying concentrations. Thalidomide is currently used as a positive control drug in the treatment of MM. Cell Counting kit-8 assays were performed to assess proliferation activity and flow cytometry with Annexin V-fluorescein/propidium iodide was used to detect cell apoptosis of TPL-treated BMMSCs. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were applied to measure interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and stem cell factor (SCF or Kit ligand) mRNA expression and western blot assays were performed to analyze transcription factor p65 (P65) expression in TPL-treated BMMSCs. ELISA was applied to measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in the supernatant of the cultured and treated BMMSCs. TPL treatment significantly inhibited BMMSC proliferation compared with the untreated control (P<0.05). At 48 h following TPL treatment, a Cell Counting kit-8 study was performed and the IC50 value was determined at 101.55±2.45 ng/ml. Apoptotic rates were observed to increase with increasing concentrations of TPL (P<0.001), and IL-6, IL-1β and SCF mRNA expression was significantly decreased with increasing TPL (P<0.001). P65 expression following TPL treatment was significantly decreased compared with the untreated control (P<0.05). VEGF levels were significantly reduced in the presence of increasing amounts of TPL (P<0.05). These findings suggest that TPL inhibited BMMSC growth and improved the bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment by decreasing IL-6, IL-1β and SCF mRNA expression, subsequently inhibiting the proliferation of MM cells. Therefore, TPL may be used in the future to treat patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wu
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Yuanting Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Wo Zhai
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Yuxia Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Guo
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Diehong Tao
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Chuanyong Su
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Zhilu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
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Rivera-Tovar PR, Mariotti-Celis MS, Pérez-Correa JR. Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz) and murta (Ugni molinae Turcz): Native Chilean sources of polyphenol compounds. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x15666180627120609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the production, processing and exportation of maqui and murta Chilean berries
have increased due to their high Total Polyphenols Content (TPC) and high Antioxidant Capacity
(AC). However, the leaves of these berries are agroindustrial discards that present even higher TPC and
AC values. Extracts of leaves and berries of maqui and murta with water, methanol and ethanol as solvents
showed significant bioactivity, like inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (an enzyme involved in the
metabolism of carbohydrates), as well as anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. They are also excellent
sources of polyphenols such as oligomers and polymers of delphinidin, pelargonidin, resveratrol,
among others that have shown health-promoting bioactivity and good bioavailability. Purified extracts
may be useful as supplements for foods and cosmetics, and even as pharmaceutical products. However,
it is necessary to control the variability of their TPC, AC and polyphenols profiles caused by genotype,
environment, processing, storage and stage of harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela R. Rivera-Tovar
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackena 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - María S. Mariotti-Celis
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 9845, Santiago 8940577, Chile
| | - José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackena 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
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Wang X, Yang DY, Yang LQ, Zhao WZ, Cai LY, Shi HP. Anthocyanin Consumption and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 38:470-477. [PMID: 30589398 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1531084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the association between anthocyanin consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer. All relative articles were located on online databases, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library as of June 11, 2018. Risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratio and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated through the STATA 12.0 software package. A total of seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. A significant inverse association was found between total anthocyanin consumption and colorectal cancer risk (RR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.95). Likewise, there was significant evidence of a relationship between anthocyanin intake and colorectal cancer in the colon site (RR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71-0.92); men (RR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.95), and case-control studies (RR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60-0.78). A dose-response relationship was not found in this meta-analysis. The Grades of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation quality in our study was very low. This meta-analysis indicates that anthocyanin consumption is inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. Anthocyanins may play an active role in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Key teaching points: Some epidemiological studies found an inverse correlation between the high consumption of anthocyanins and low risk of colorectal cancer. Because of this structure, anthocyanins/anthocyanidins have a powerful capability of donating electrons, which can be characterized as antioxidant properties. Anthocyanins can also inhibit colon cancer by interfering in the cell cycle and inducing the effect of anti-proliferation and apoptosis. The formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles in cells also indicates that anthocyanins may induce autophagy. From the findings of nonrandomized controlled trials, anthocyanins may play an active role in the prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- a Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Nutrition , Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University/Ninth Clinical Medical College, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - De-Yi Yang
- b Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Liu-Qing Yang
- a Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Nutrition , Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University/Ninth Clinical Medical College, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Wen-Zhi Zhao
- a Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Nutrition , Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University/Ninth Clinical Medical College, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Li-Ya Cai
- a Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Nutrition , Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University/Ninth Clinical Medical College, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- a Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Nutrition , Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University/Ninth Clinical Medical College, Peking University , Beijing , China
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Flavonoids and Colorectal Cancer Prevention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7120187. [PMID: 30544686 PMCID: PMC6316869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, but despite advances in treatment, it remains the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Prevention may, therefore, be a key strategy in reducing colorectal cancer deaths. Given reports of an inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption with colorectal cancer risk, there has been significant interest in understanding the metabolism and bioactivity of flavonoids, which are highly abundant in fruits and vegetables and account for their pigmentation. In this review, we discuss host and microbiota-mediated metabolism of flavonoids and the potential mechanisms by which flavonoids can exert protective effects against colon tumorigenesis, including regulation of signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, cellular proliferation, and inflammation and modulation of the gut microbiome.
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Lim WC, Kim H, Ko H. Delphinidin inhibits epidermal growth factor-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9887-9899. [PMID: 30537288 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), important cellular process in metastasis of primary tumors, is characterized by loss of their cell polarity, disruption of cell-cell adhesion, and gain certain properties of mesenchymal phenotype that enable migration and invasion. Delphinidin is a member of anthocyanidin belong to flavonoid groups, known as having pharmacological and physiological effects including anti-tumorigenic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic effects. However, the effects of delphinidin on EMT is rarely investigated. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known as a crucial inducer of EMT in various cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To determine whether delphinidin inhibits EGF-induced EMT in HCC cells, antiproliferative effect of delphinidin on Huh7 and PLC/PRF/5 cells were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. As a result, delphinidin inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Based on the result of proliferation, to measure the effects of delphinidin on EGF-induced EMT, we designated a proper concentration of delphinidin, which is not affected to cell proliferation. We found that delphinidin inhibits morphological changes from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype by EGF. Moreover, delphinidin increased the messenger RNA and protein expression of E-cadherin and decreased those of Vimentin and Snail in EGF-induced HCC cells. Also, delphinidin prevented motility and invasiveness of EGF-induced HCC cells through suppressing activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2, EGF receptor (EGFR), AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Taken together, our findings demonstrate that delphinidin inhibits EGF-induced EMT by inhibiting EGFR/AKT/ERK signaling pathway in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Chul Lim
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Ko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most efficient ways to treat cancer. However, deleterious effects, such as acute and chronic toxicities that reduce the quality of life, may result. Naturally occurring compounds have been shown to be non-toxic over wide dose ranges and are inexpensive and effective. Additionally, pharmacological strategies have been developed that use radioprotectors to inhibit radiation-induced toxicities. Currently available radioprotectors have several limitations, including toxicity. In this review, we present the mechanisms of proven radioprotectors, ranging from free radical scavenging (the best-known mechanism of radioprotection) to molecular-based radioprotection (e.g., upregulating expression of heat shock proteins). Finally, we discuss naturally occurring compounds with radioprotective properties in the context of these mechanisms.
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Park S, Lim W, Song G. Delphinidin induces antiproliferation and apoptosis of endometrial cells by regulating cytosolic calcium levels and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5072-5084. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoo Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Marine Biological Food & Drug Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University Gangneung Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul Korea
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Cipolletti M, Solar Fernandez V, Montalesi E, Marino M, Fiocchetti M. Beyond the Antioxidant Activity of Dietary Polyphenols in Cancer: the Modulation of Estrogen Receptors (ERs) Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2624. [PMID: 30189583 PMCID: PMC6165334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential "health benefits" of dietary polyphenols have been ascribed to their direct antioxidant activity and their impact on the regulation of cell and tissue redox balance. However, because of the relative poor bioavailability of many of these compounds, their effects could not be easily explained by the antioxidant action, which may occur only at high circulating and tissue concentrations. Therefore, many efforts have been put forward to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlining the biological effect of polyphenols in physiological and pathological conditions. Polyphenols' bioavailability, metabolism, and their effects on enzyme, membrane, and/or nuclear receptors and intracellular transduction mechanisms may define the overall impact of these compounds on cancer risk and progression, which is still debated and not yet clarified. Polyphenols are able to bind to estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ), and therefore induce biological effects in human cells through mimicking or inhibiting the action of endogenous estrogens, even at low concentrations. In this work, the role and effects of food-contained polyphenols in hormone-related cancers will be reviewed, mainly focusing on the different polyphenols' mechanisms of action with particular attention on their estrogen receptor-based effects, and on the consequences of such processes on tumor progression and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cipolletti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
| | | | - Emiliano Montalesi
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
| | - Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
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Yoshino Y, Yuan B, Okusumi S, Aoyama R, Murota R, Kikuchi H, Takagi N, Toyoda H. Enhanced cytotoxic effects of arsenite in combination with anthocyanidin compound, delphinidin, against a human leukemia cell line, HL-60. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 294:9-17. [PMID: 30125548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Among five major anthocyanin compounds, delphinidin exhibited the most potent and selective cytocidal effect against HL-60, a trivalent arsenic (As(III))-resistant cell line. Co-treatment with delphinidin and As(III) resulted in the reduction of IC50 value for As(III) from 11.2 to 1.5 μM, which was considered as clinically achieved concentrations of As(III). The combination treatment strongly preferred to selectively enhance the cytotoxicity of As(III) against HL-60 cells rather than human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The induction of apoptosis as evidenced by the increase of sub-G1 cells, DNA fragmentation, annexin V-positive cells and the activation of caspase-8, -9 and -3 was observed in HL-60 cells co-treated with As(III) and delphinidin. Similar to the activation pattern of caspases, a substantial decrease in the expression level of Bid along with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was also observed. These results suggested that the combination treatment triggered a convergence of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis via the activation of caspase-8 and cleaved Bid. Delphinidin itself significantly decreased the intracellular GSH ([i]GSH) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) binding activity, and further returned As(III)-triggered increment of [i]GSH and enhancement of NF-κB binding activity to control level. Additionally, buthionine sulfoximine, a GSH depletor; JSH-23, a NF-κB inhibitor, also mimicked the capacity of delphinidin to significantly induce the reduction of [i]GSH along with the potentiation of As(III) cytotoxicity in HL-60 cells. These observations suggested that delphinidin-induced sensitization of HL-60 cells to As(III) was caused by the reduction of [i]GSH, which was probably associated with the inhibitory effect of delphinidin on NF-κB binding activity. These findings further suggest that delphinidin-induced sensitization of HL-60 cells to As(III) may lead to dose reduction of As(III) in clinical application, and ultimately contribute to minimizing its side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Clinical Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Clinical Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan; Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Saki Okusumi
- Department of Clinical Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Reiji Aoyama
- Department of Clinical Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ryo Murota
- Department of Clinical Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Kikuchi
- Department of Clinical Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norio Takagi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroo Toyoda
- Department of Clinical Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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Synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles using Althaea officinalis as reducing agent: evaluation of toxicity and ecotoxicity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12397. [PMID: 30120279 PMCID: PMC6098089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known mainly because of their bactericidal properties. Among the different types of synthesis, there is the biogenic synthesis, which allows the synergy between the nanocomposites and substances from the organism employed for the synthesis. This study describes the synthesis of AgNPs using infusion of roots (AgNpR) and extract (AgNpE) of the plant Althaea officinalis. After the synthesis through reduction of silver nitrate with compounds of A. officinalis, physico-chemical analyzes were performed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, nanoparticles tracking analysis (NTA), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Toxicity was evaluated through Allium cepa assay, comet test with cell lines, cell viability by mitochondrial activity and image cytometry and minimal inhibitory concentration on pathogenic microorganisms. Biochemical analyzes (CAT - catalase, GPx - glutathione peroxidase e GST - glutationa S-transferase) and genotoxicity evaluation in vivo on Zebrafish were also performed. AgNpE and AgNpR showed size of 157 ± 11 nm and 293 ± 12 nm, polydispersity of 0.47 ± 0.08 and 0.25 ± 0.01, and zeta potential of 20.4 ± 1.4 and 26.5 ± 1.2 mV, respectively. With regard to toxicity, the AgNpE were the most toxic when compared with AgNpR. Biochemical analyzes on fish showed increase of CAT activity in most of the organs, whereas GPx showed few changes and the activity of GST decreased. Also regarding to bactericidal activity, both nanoparticles were effective, however AgNpR showed greater activity. Althaea officinalis can be employed as reducing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, although it is necessary to consider its potential toxicity and ecotoxicity.
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Sampath S, Subramani S, Janardhanam S, Subramani P, Yuvaraj A, Chellan R. Bioactive compound 1,8-Cineole selectively induces G2/M arrest in A431 cells through the upregulation of the p53 signaling pathway and molecular docking studies. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 46:57-68. [PMID: 30097123 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Callistemon citrinus has been traditionally known for its medicinal property. Recently, our research group identified 1,8-Cineole, as one of the predominant compound present in the hexane extract (HE-C), whose leaves have potent anticancer activity. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The present study was designed to isolate 1,8-Cineole from Callistemon citrinus plant and to determine their role in anticancer effects in in vitro using skin carcinoma cells. Moreover, the molecular mechanism of apoptosis and molecular docking studies were also investigated. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS In vitro cytotoxicity test was performed with HE-C fractionates 1F, 2F, and 3F against A431 and HaCaT cell lines. MTT and AB assay demonstrated that 1F was toxic to cancer cells with no adverse effect to non-malignant cells and it was subjected to 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and further characterized by FTIR and GC-MS analysis. On the basis of spectroscopic data, the metabolite was confirmed as 1,8-Cineole. RESULTS Based on the cytotoxicity results, the well-characterized metabolite 1,8-Cineole was investigated upon to understand the mechanism that caused cancer cell death. In this process, the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were confirmed by Rh-123/DAPI staining; the ultra structure was observed by TEM and quantified by flow cytometric analysis. These results proved that the compound effectively induced the apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest in A431 cells by increasing the expression of p53 and that it was monitored by FACS. Further, the expression of apoptotic proteins, such as Bax/Bcl-2, Cyt-c, caspase-9, and caspase-3 was confirmed by western blot. The molecular docking simulations predicted the hydrophobic interaction between 1,8-cineole with Bcl-2 and PARP1 receptor. CONCLUSIONS 1,8-Cineole is a potential candidate for skin carcinoma, which is possible by regulating the p53 apoptotic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowndarya Sampath
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Sangeetha Subramani
- Organic and Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology - Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sridevi Janardhanam
- NMR, Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Preethi Subramani
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Arun Yuvaraj
- Organic and Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India
| | - Rose Chellan
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India.
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Kang H, Park B, Kang H, Park H, Yu S, Kim I. Delphinidin induces apoptosis and inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the ERK/p38 MAPK-signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:640-649. [PMID: 29451351 PMCID: PMC5969316 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Delphinidin is major anthocyanidin that is extracted from many pigmented fruits and vegetables. This substance has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancer properties. In addition, delphinidin strongly suppresses the migration and invasion of various cancer cells during tumorigenesis. Although delphinidin has anti-cancer effects, little is known about its functional roles in osteosarcoma (OS). For these reasons, we have demonstrated the effects of delphinidin on OS cell lines. The effects of delphinidin on cell viability and growth of OS cells were assessed using the MTT assay and colony formation assays. Hoechst staining indicated that the delphinidin-treated OS cells were undergoing apoptosis. Flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and a western blot analysis also indicated evidence of apoptosis. Inhibition of cell migration and invasion was found to be associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), observed by using a wound healing assay, an invasion assay, and a western blot analysis. Furthermore, delphinidin treatment resulted in a profound reduction of phosphorylated forms of ERK and p38. These findings demonstrate that delphinidin treatment suppressed EMT through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in OS cell lines. Taken together, our results suggest that delphinidin strongly inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Delphinidin treatment also suppresses cell migration and prevents EMT via the MAPK-signaling pathway in OS cell lines. For these reasons, delphinidin has anti-cancer effects and can suppress metastasis in OS cell lines, and it might be worth using as an OS therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae‐Mi Kang
- Department of Oral AnatomySchool of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak‐ro, 49, Mulguem‐eupYangsan‐siGyeongsangnam‐do50612South Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak‐ro, 49, Mulguem‐eupYangsan‐siGyeongsangnam‐do50612South Korea
| | - Bong‐Soo Park
- Department of Oral AnatomySchool of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak‐ro, 49, Mulguem‐eupYangsan‐siGyeongsangnam‐do50612South Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak‐ro, 49, Mulguem‐eupYangsan‐siGyeongsangnam‐do50612South Korea
| | - Hyun‐Kyung Kang
- Department of Dental HygieneSilla University, 140 Baekyang‐daero 700 beon‐gilBusan46958South Korea
| | - Hae‐Ryoun Park
- Department of Oral PathologySchool of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak‐ro, 49, Mulguem‐eupYangsan‐siGyeongsangnam‐do50612South Korea
| | - Su‐Bin Yu
- Department of Oral AnatomySchool of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak‐ro, 49, Mulguem‐eupYangsan‐siGyeongsangnam‐do50612South Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak‐ro, 49, Mulguem‐eupYangsan‐siGyeongsangnam‐do50612South Korea
| | - In‐Ryoung Kim
- Department of Oral AnatomySchool of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak‐ro, 49, Mulguem‐eupYangsan‐siGyeongsangnam‐do50612South Korea
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Lippert E, Ruemmele P, Obermeier F, Goelder S, Kunst C, Rogler G, Dunger N, Messmann H, Hartmann A, Endlicher E. Anthocyanins Prevent Colorectal Cancer Development in a Mouse Model. Digestion 2018; 95:275-280. [PMID: 28494451 DOI: 10.1159/000475524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the main leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Present data suggest that plant-derived anthocyanins have anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of an anthocyanin-rich extract from bilberries on colorectal tumour development and growth in the administration of azoxymethan (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mouse model. METHODS Colonic carcinogenesis was induced by AOM and DSS 3 or 5%, respectively, in 50 female Balb/c mice. Mice received either normal food (controls) or a diet containing either 10 or 1% anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract. Colonoscopy took place at week 4 and 9 after initiation of carcinogenesis. After termination at week 9, colon samples were analysed macroscopically and microscopically. RESULTS Mice receiving 10% anthocyanins showed significantly (p < 0.004) less reduced colon length (12.1 cm [8.5-14.4 cm]) as compared to controls (11.2 cm [9.8-12.3]) indicating less inflammation. Mice fed with 10% anthocyanin-rich extract revealed significantly less mean tumour numbers (n = 1.2) compared to control (n = 14) and anthocyanin 1% treated mice (n = 10.6, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Anthocyanins prevented the formation and growth of colorectal cancer in AOM/DSS-treated Balb/c mice. Further studies should investigate the mechanisms of how anthocyanins influence the development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lippert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Olejnik A, Kaczmarek M, Olkowicz M, Kowalska K, Juzwa W, Dembczyński R. ROS-modulating anticancer effects of gastrointestinally digested Ribes nigrum L. fruit extract in human colon cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Lee DY, Park YJ, Hwang SC, Kim KD, Moon DK, Kim DH. Cytotoxic effects of delphinidin in human osteosarcoma cells. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA ET TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA 2018; 52:58-64. [PMID: 29290536 PMCID: PMC6136320 DOI: 10.1016/j.aott.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate whether delphinidin is cytoprotective or cytotoxic in osteosarcoma cell lines, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study investigated whether apoptosis or autophagy is induced by delphinidin in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Delphinidin was used as the antioxidant, along with two autophagy inhibitors: 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A1. Cell viability and known autophagic markers, such as LC3-II expression, were evaluated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and cell cycle analysis were also investigated. RESULTS Delphinidin showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity to osteosarcoma cell. Delphinidin is closely associated with apoptotic cell death mechanisms and pathways related to ROS accumulation. In addition, we observed delphinidin-induced autophagosome formation and increasing levels of LC3-II conversion. However, in spite of delphinidin induced autophagy, the cytotoxic effects induced in the osteosarcoma cells may not be operating via autophagic cell death mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Delphinidin compromises the cellular protective mechanisms by inhibiting autophagy, permitting ROS to accumulate and finally enhance apoptotic cell death. Our results indicate that delphinidin may play a critical role as a chemotherapeutic agent by preventing the development and progression of osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeong Lee
- Armed Forces Deagu Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Dong Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Moon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao Y, Hu X, Zuo X, Wang M. Chemopreventive effects of some popular phytochemicals on human colon cancer: a review. Food Funct 2018; 9:4548-4568. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00850g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present review summarizes (1) the epidemiology and etiology of colon cancer, (2) generalized cancer chemoprotective mechanisms, and (3) the chemopreventive properties of some popular phytochemicals as well as some phytochemicals developed by our research group recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai)
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai)
| | - Xinyuan Zuo
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin City
- China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai)
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Zou N, Wei Y, Li F, Yang Y, Cheng X, Wang C. The inhibitory effects of compound Muniziqi granule against B16 cells and harmine induced autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting Akt/mTOR pathway. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:517. [PMID: 29197358 PMCID: PMC5712103 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Compound Muniziqi granule (MNZQ) is a multi-component herbal preparation and a popular traditional Uighur medicine used in China for treating endocrine disorder-induced acne, chloasma, dysmenorrhea, menopausal syndrome, and melanoma. Harmine presented in MNZQ has been confirmed potential anticancer effect on the B16 cells among others. The purpose of this study is to explore the inhibitory effects of MNZQ against B16 cells and mechanism of autophagy and apoptosis induced by harmine in B16 cells. Methods The cell viability was calculated by CCK8 assay. The in vitro tyrosinase activity was determined by spectrophotometry. The harmine-induced autophagy was demonstrated by electron microscopy and MDC staining. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell death and cell cycle distribution. All proteins expression was assessed by western blot. Results MNZQ and some herb extracts contained in preparation displayed inhibitory effects on B16 cells but without inhibition on mushroom tyrosinase compared with kojic acid. The formation of autophagosome was markedly induced by harmine with the accretion of LC3-II and the degeneration of p62 in B16 cells, which indicated that harmine was an autophagy inducer. Cell death and sub-G2 population suggested that harmine could induce cell death. Particularly, 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor, was discovered to prevent harmine-induced decrease of the cell viability and cell cycle arrest on G2 phase, indicating that autophagy was vital to the cell death. In addition, the results indicated that harmine could inhibit the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, which might mediate autophagy. Conclusion Harmine could induce autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting Akt/mTOR pathway in B16 cells. Harmine might be a promising therapeutic agent for treatment of melanoma in MNZQ.
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