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Jia Y, Guo B, Zhang W, Wang F, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Li E. Pan-cancer analysis of the prognostic and immunological role of GJB2: a potential target for survival and immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1110207. [PMID: 37427102 PMCID: PMC10327570 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1110207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GJB2 plays an essential role in the growth and progression of several cancers. However, asystematic pan-cancer analysis of GJB2 is lacking. Therefore, in this study, we performed a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis to determine the potential role of GJB2 in prognostic prediction and cancer immunotherapy response. Methods The differential expression of GJB2 in the tumor and adjacent normal tissues of various cancer types was analyzed using the TIMER, GEPIA, and Sangerbox databases. GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases were used to analyze the survival outcomes based on GJB2 expression levels in pan-cancer. Furthermore, the association of GJB2 expression with the immune checkpoint (ICP) genes, tumor mutational load (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), neoantigens, and tumor infiltration of immune cells was analyzed using via the Sangerbox database. The cBioPortal database was used to determine the characteristics of GJB2 gene alterations in the cancer tissues. The STRING database was used to identify the GJB2-binding proteins. GEPIA database was used to identify the GJB2 co-expressed genes. DAVID was used to perform the functional enrichment analysis of gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways associated with GJB2. Finally, the mechanistic role of GJB2 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) was analyzed using the LinkedOmics database. Results The GJB2 gene was highly expressed in a variety of tumors. Furthermore, GJB2 expression levels showed significant positive or negative association with the survival outcomes in various cancers. GJB2 expression levels cor related with tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, neoantigens, and tumor infiltration of immune cells in multiple cancers. This suggested that GJB2 played a critical role in the tumor microenvironment. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the biological role of GJB2 in tumors included modulation of gap junction-mediated intercellular transport, regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling, ion transmembrane transport, autocrine signaling, apoptotic signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that GJB2 played a significant role in tumorigenesis and tumor immunity in multiple cancers. Furthermore, GJB2 is a potential prognostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target in multiple types of cancers.
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Zhang Y, Jin T, Dou Z, Wei B, Zhang B, Sun C. The dual role of the CD95 and CD95L signaling pathway in glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029737. [PMID: 36505426 PMCID: PMC9730406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of CD95, a cell surface death receptor, to its homologous ligand CD95L, transduces a cascade of downstream signals leading to apoptosis crucial for immune homeostasis and immune surveillance. Although CD95 and CD95L binding classically induces programmed cell death, most tumor cells show resistance to CD95L-induced apoptosis. In some cancers, such as glioblastoma, CD95-CD95L binding can exhibit paradoxical functions that promote tumor growth by inducing inflammation, regulating immune cell homeostasis, and/or promoting cell survival, proliferation, migration, and maintenance of the stemness of cancer cells. In this review, potential mechanisms such as the expression of apoptotic inhibitor proteins, decreased activity of downstream elements, production of nonapoptotic soluble CD95L, and non-apoptotic signals that replace apoptotic signals in cancer cells are summarized. CD95L is also expressed by other types of cells, such as endothelial cells, polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and tumor-associated microglia, and macrophages, which are educated by the tumor microenvironment and can induce apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which recognize and kill cancer cells. The dual role of the CD95-CD95L system makes targeted therapy strategies against CD95 or CD95L in glioblastoma difficult and controversial. In this review, we also discuss the current status and perspective of clinical trials on glioblastoma based on the CD95-CD95L signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Taian Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangqi Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boxing Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Buyi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Buyi Zhang, ; Chongran Sun,
| | - Chongran Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Buyi Zhang, ; Chongran Sun,
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3
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Gabrielle PH. Lipid metabolism and retinal diseases. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100 Suppl 269:3-43. [PMID: 36117363 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The retina has enormous lipids demands and must meet those needs. Retinal lipid homeostasis appears to be based on the symbiosis between neurons, Müller glial cells (MGC), and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, which can be impacted in several retinal diseases. The current research challenge is to better understand lipid-related mechanisms involved in retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma. RESULTS In a first axis, in vitro and focus on Müller glial cell, we aimed to characterize whether the 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC), an overexpressed end-product of cholesterol elimination pathway in neural tissue and likely produced by suffering retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma, may modulate MGC membrane organization, such as lipid rafts, to trigger cellular signalling pathways related to retinal gliosis. We have found that lipid composition appears to be a key factor of membrane architecture, especially for lipid raft microdomain formation, in MGC. However, 24S-OHC did not appear to trigger retinal gliosis via the modulation of lipid or protein composition within lipid rafts microdomains. This study provided a better understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. On a second clinical ax, we focused on the lipid-related mechanisms involved in the dysfunction of aging RPE and the appearance of drusenoid deposits in AMD. Using the Montrachet population-based study, we intend to report the frequency of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) and its ocular and systemic risk factors, particularly related to lipid metabolisms, such as plasma lipoprotein levels, carotenoids levels, and lipid-lowering drug intake. Our study showed that RPD was less common in subjects taking lipid-lowering drugs. Lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins, may reduce the risk of RPD through their effect on the production and function of lipoproteins. This observation highlights the potential role of retinal lipid trafficking via lipoproteins between photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium cells in RPD formation. Those findings have been complemented with preliminary results on the analysis of plasma fatty acid (FA) profile, a surrogate marker of short-term dietary lipid intake, according to the type of predominant drusenoid deposit, soft drusen or RPD, in age-related maculopathy. CONCLUSION Further research on lipid metabolism in retinal diseases is warranted to better understand the pathophysiology of retinal diseases and develop new promising diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Henry Gabrielle
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Center for Taste and Feeding Behaviour, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAe, The University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.,The Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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CAV-1 Overexpression Exacerbates the Manifestation in EPAC-1-Induced Chronic Postsurgical Pain in Rats. Pain Res Manag 2022; 2022:8566840. [PMID: 35958678 PMCID: PMC9357801 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8566840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Caveolae (CAV) are an invaginated microcapsule with the shape of Ω on the surface of the cell membrane. Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is involved in neuropathic pain, and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-exchange protein directly activated by cAMP1 (EPAC-1) is a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain. However, whether EPAC-1 promotes chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) through CAV-1 has not been reported. Here, we aim to investigate the underlying mechanism of CAV in CPSP. Methods. All the rats were divided into 9 groups, including the Naive group, Sham group, skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) group, SMIR + CAV-1 siRNA group, SMIR + control siRNA group, SMIR (7 days)+Saline group, SMIR (7 days)+CE3F4 group, 8-PCPT group, and Saline group. The CPSP rat model was established after SMIR. A mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was recorded to evaluate the animal’s behavior. Western blotting and immunofluorescent were performed to detect the protein expression levels of EPAC-1 and P-CAV-1. Results. EPAC-1 and CAV-1 were both overexpressed after operation, particularly in astrocytes, microglia, and neurons of spinal marrow (all
). Interestingly, CAV-1 siRNA can partly reverse the SMIR-induced hypersensitivity, but there was no effect on EPAC-1. Besides, EPAC-1 blockage partly reversed the SMIR-induced hypersensitivity and CAV-1 overexpression, and EPAC-1 activation promoted CAV-1 overexpression and hypersensitivity in normal rats (all
). Conclusion. CAV-1 mediates the functional coupling of microglia, astrocytes, and neurons, and thus EPAC-1/CAV-1 plays an important role in CPSP exacerbation.
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Kagawa Y, Umaru BA, Kanamori M, Zama R, Shil SK, Miyazaki H, Kobayashi S, Wannakul T, Yang S, Tominaga T, Owada Y. Nuclear FABP7 regulates cell proliferation of wild-type IDH1 glioma through caveolae formation. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:289-306. [PMID: 34716958 PMCID: PMC8732344 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is a key enzyme in cellular metabolism. IDH1 mutation (IDH1mut) is the most important genetic alteration in lower grade glioma, whereas glioblastoma (GB), the most common malignant brain tumor, often has wild‐type IDH1 (IDH1wt). Although there is no effective treatment yet for neither IDH1wt nor IDHmut GB, it is important to note that the survival span of IDH1wt GB patients is significantly shorter than those with IDH1mut GB. Thus, understanding IDH1wt GB biology and developing effective molecular‐targeted therapies is of paramount importance. Fatty acid‐binding protein 7 (FABP7) is highly expressed in GB, and its expression level is negatively correlated with survival in malignant glioma patients; however, the underlying mechanisms of FABP7 involvement in tumor proliferation are still unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that FABP7 is highly expressed and localized in nuclei in IDH1wt glioma. Wild‐type FABP7 (FABP7wt) overexpression in IDH1wt U87 cells increased cell proliferation rate, caveolin‐1 expression, and caveolae/caveosome formation. In addition, FABP7wt overexpression increased the levels of H3K27ac on the caveolin‐1 promoter through controlling the nuclear acetyl‐CoA level via the interaction with ACLY. Consistent results were obtained using a xenograft model transplanted with U87 cells overexpressing FABP7. Interestingly, in U87 cells with mutant FABP7 overexpression, both in vitro and in vivo phenotypes shown by FABP7wt overexpression were disrupted. Furthermore, IDH1wt patient GB showed upregulated caveolin‐1 expression, increased levels of histone acetylation, and increased levels of acetyl‐CoA compared with IDH1mut patient GB. Taken together, these data suggest that nuclear FABP7 is involved in cell proliferation of GB through caveolae function/formation regulated via epigenetic regulation of caveolin‐1, and this mechanism is critically important for IDH1wt tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Kanamori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Zama
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Subrata Kumar Shil
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tunyanat Wannakul
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuhan Yang
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Unal YC, Yavuz B, Ozcivici E, Mese G. The role of connexins in breast cancer: from misregulated cell communication to aberrant intracellular signaling. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:1962698. [PMID: 34355641 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1962698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of clinical advancements and improved diagnostic techniques, breast cancers are the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in women worldwide. Although 70% of early breast cancers can be cured, there are no efficient therapies against metastatic breast cancers. Several factors including connexins and gap junctions play roles in breast tumorigenesis. Connexins are critical for cellular processes as a linkage between connexin mutations and hereditary disorders demonstrated their importance for tissue homeostasis. Further, alterations in their expression, localization and channel activities were observed in many cancers including breast cancer. Both channel-dependent and independent functions of connexins were reported in initiation and progression of cancers. Unlike initial reports suggesting tumor suppressor functions, connexins and gap junctions have stage, context and isoform dependent effects in breast cancers similar to other cancers. In this review, we tried to describe the current understanding of connexins in tumorigenesis specifically in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Ceren Unal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Busra Yavuz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Engin Ozcivici
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulistan Mese
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
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7
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Mesnil M, Defamie N, Naus C, Sarrouilhe D. Brain Disorders and Chemical Pollutants: A Gap Junction Link? Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010051. [PMID: 33396565 PMCID: PMC7824109 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of brain pathologies has increased during last decades. Better diagnosis (autism spectrum disorders) and longer life expectancy (Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease) partly explain this increase, while emerging data suggest pollutant exposures as a possible but still underestimated cause of major brain disorders. Taking into account that the brain parenchyma is rich in gap junctions and that most pollutants inhibit their function; brain disorders might be the consequence of gap-junctional alterations due to long-term exposures to pollutants. In this article, this hypothesis is addressed through three complementary aspects: (1) the gap-junctional organization and connexin expression in brain parenchyma and their function; (2) the effect of major pollutants (pesticides, bisphenol A, phthalates, heavy metals, airborne particles, etc.) on gap-junctional and connexin functions; (3) a description of the major brain disorders categorized as neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, epilepsy), neurobehavioral (migraines, major depressive disorders), neurodegenerative (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases) and cancers (glioma), in which both connexin dysfunction and pollutant involvement have been described. Based on these different aspects, the possible involvement of pollutant-inhibited gap junctions in brain disorders is discussed for prenatal and postnatal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Mesnil
- Laboratoire STIM, ERL7003 CNRS-Université de Poitiers, 1 rue G. Bonnet–TSA 51 106, 86073 Poitiers, France; (M.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Norah Defamie
- Laboratoire STIM, ERL7003 CNRS-Université de Poitiers, 1 rue G. Bonnet–TSA 51 106, 86073 Poitiers, France; (M.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Christian Naus
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada;
| | - Denis Sarrouilhe
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, 6 rue de La Milétrie, bât D1, TSA 51115, 86073 Poitiers, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5-49-45-43-58
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8
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Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Reizes O, Lathia JD. Connexins in Cancer: Jekyll or Hyde? Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1654. [PMID: 33321749 PMCID: PMC7764653 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression, localization, and function of connexins, the protein subunits that comprise gap junctions, are often altered in cancer. In addition to cell-cell coupling through gap junction channels, connexins also form hemichannels that allow communication between the cell and the extracellular space and perform non-junctional intracellular activities. Historically, connexins have been considered tumor suppressors; however, they can also serve tumor-promoting functions in some contexts. Here, we review the literature surrounding connexins in cancer cells in terms of specific connexin functions and propose that connexins function upstream of most, if not all, of the hallmarks of cancer. The development of advanced connexin targeting approaches remains an opportunity for the field to further interrogate the role of connexins in cancer phenotypes, particularly through the use of in vivo models. More specific modulators of connexin function will both help elucidate the functions of connexins in cancer and advance connexin-specific therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (O.R.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (O.R.); (J.D.L.)
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College, Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (O.R.); (J.D.L.)
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College, Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Khosla K, Naus CC, Sin WC. Cx43 in Neural Progenitors Promotes Glioma Invasion in a 3D Culture System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155216. [PMID: 32717889 PMCID: PMC7432065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The environment that envelops the cancer cells intimately affects the malignancy of human cancers. In the case of glioma, an aggressive adult brain cancer, its high rate of recurrence after total resection is responsible for a poor prognosis. Connexin43 (Cx43) is a gap junction protein with a prominent presence in glioma-associated normal brain cells, specifically in the reactive astrocytes. We previously demonstrated that elimination of Cx43 in these astrocytes reduces glioma invasion in a syngeneic mouse model. To further our investigation in human glioma cells, we developed a scaffold-free 3D platform that takes into account both the tumor and its interaction with the surrounding tissue. Using cell-tracking dyes and 3D laser scanning confocal microscopy, we now report that the elimination of Cx43 protein in neural progenitor spheroids reduced the invasiveness of human brain tumor-initiating cells, confirming our earlier observation in an intact mouse brain. By investigating the glioma invasion in a defined multicellular system with a tumor boundary that mimics the intact brain environment, our findings strengthen Cx43 as a candidate target for glioma control.
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Buruiană A, Florian ȘI, Florian AI, Timiș TL, Mihu CM, Miclăuș M, Oșan S, Hrapșa I, Cataniciu RC, Farcaș M, Șușman S. The Roles of miRNA in Glioblastoma Tumor Cell Communication: Diplomatic and Aggressive Negotiations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061950. [PMID: 32178454 PMCID: PMC7139390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) consists of a heterogeneous collection of competing cellular clones which communicate with each other and with the tumor microenvironment (TME). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) present various exchange mechanisms: free miRNA, extracellular vesicles (EVs), or gap junctions (GJs). GBM cells transfer miR-4519 and miR-5096 to astrocytes through GJs. Oligodendrocytes located in the invasion front present high levels of miR-219-5p, miR-219-2-3p, and miR-338-3p, all related to their differentiation. There is a reciprocal exchange between GBM cells and endothelial cells (ECs) as miR-5096 promotes angiogenesis after being transferred into ECs, whereas miR-145-5p acts as a tumor suppressor. In glioma stem cells (GSCs), miR-1587 and miR-3620-5p increase the proliferation and miR-1587 inhibits the hormone receptor co-repressor-1 (NCOR1) after EVs transfers. GBM-derived EVs carry miR-21 and miR-451 that are up-taken by microglia and monocytes/macrophages, promoting their proliferation. Macrophages release EVs enriched in miR-21 that are transferred to glioma cells. This bidirectional miR-21 exchange increases STAT3 activity in GBM cells and macrophages, promoting invasion, proliferation, angiogenesis, and resistance to treatment. miR-1238 is upregulated in resistant GBM clones and their EVs, conferring resistance to adjacent cells via the CAV1/EGFR signaling pathway. Decrypting these mechanisms could lead to a better patient stratification and the development of novel target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Buruiană
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (S.O.); (I.H.); (R.C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Ștefan Ioan Florian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Ș.I.F.); (A.I.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency County Hospital, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Ioan Florian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Ș.I.F.); (A.I.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency County Hospital, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora-Larisa Timiș
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Department of Morphological Sciences-Histology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Maria Miclăuș
- Department of Medical Genetics, Emergency Hospital for Children, 68 Moților Street, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sergiu Oșan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (S.O.); (I.H.); (R.C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Iona Hrapșa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (S.O.); (I.H.); (R.C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Radu Constantin Cataniciu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (S.O.); (I.H.); (R.C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Marius Farcaș
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (S.O.); (I.H.); (R.C.C.); (M.F.)
- Department of Genetics, IMOGEN Research Center, Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Șușman
- Department of Morphological Sciences-Histology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, IMOGEN Research Center, Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Chepied A, Daoud-Omar Z, Meunier-Balandre AC, Laird DW, Mesnil M, Defamie N. Involvement of the Gap Junction Protein, Connexin43, in the Formation and Function of Invadopodia in the Human U251 Glioblastoma Cell Line. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010117. [PMID: 31947771 PMCID: PMC7017254 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance of glioblastomas to treatments is mainly the consequence of their invasive capacities. Therefore, in order to better treat these tumors, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms which are responsible for this behavior. Previous work suggested that gap junction proteins, the connexins, facilitate the aggressive nature of glioma cells. Here, we show that one of them—connexin43 (Cx43)—is implicated in the formation and function of invadopodia responsible for invasion capacity of U251 human glioblastoma cells. Immunofluorescent approaches—combined with confocal analyses—revealed that Cx43 was detected in all the formation stages of invadopodia exhibiting proteolytic activity. Clearly, Cx43 appeared to be localized in invadopodia at low cell density and less associated with the establishment of gap junctions. Accordingly, lower extracellular matrix degradation correlated with less mature invadopodia and MMP2 activity when Cx43 expression was decreased by shRNA strategies. Moreover, the kinetics of invadopodia formation could be dependent on Cx43 dynamic interactions with partners including Src and cortactin. Interestingly, it also appeared that invadopodia formation and MMP2 activity are dependent on Cx43 hemichannel activity. In conclusion, these results reveal that Cx43 might be involved in the formation and function of the invadopodia of U251 glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Chepied
- Equipe 4CS, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003, Pôle Biologie Santé, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.C.); (Z.D.-O.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (M.M.)
| | - Zeinaba Daoud-Omar
- Equipe 4CS, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003, Pôle Biologie Santé, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.C.); (Z.D.-O.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (M.M.)
| | - Annie-Claire Meunier-Balandre
- Equipe 4CS, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003, Pôle Biologie Santé, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.C.); (Z.D.-O.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (M.M.)
| | - Dale W. Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Marc Mesnil
- Equipe 4CS, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003, Pôle Biologie Santé, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.C.); (Z.D.-O.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (M.M.)
| | - Norah Defamie
- Equipe 4CS, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003, Pôle Biologie Santé, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.C.); (Z.D.-O.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Eser Ocak P, Ocak U, Tang J, Zhang JH. The role of caveolin-1 in tumors of the brain - functional and clinical implications. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:423-447. [PMID: 30993541 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caveolin-1 (cav-1) is the major structural protein of caveolae, the flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane mainly involved in cell signaling. Today, cav-1 is believed to play a role in a variety of disease processes including cancer, owing to the variations of its expression in association with tumor progression, invasive behavior, metastasis and therapy resistance. Since first detected in the brain, a number of studies has particularly focused on the role of cav-1 in the various steps of brain tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the different roles of cav-1 and its contributions to the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathobiology and natural behavior of brain tumors including glial, non-glial and metastatic subtypes. These contributions could be attributed to its co-localization with important players in tumorigenesis within the lipid-enriched domains of the plasma membrane. In that regard, the ability of cav-1 to interact with various cell signaling molecules as well as the impact of caveolae depletion on important pathways acting in brain tumor pathogenesis are noteworthy. We also discuss conversant causes hampering the treatment of malignant glial tumors such as limited transport of chemotherapeutics across the blood tumor barrier and resistance to chemoradiotherapy, by focusing on the molecular fundamentals involving cav-1 participation. CONCLUSIONS Cav-1 has the potential to pivot the molecular basis underlying the pathobiology of brain tumors, particularly the malignant glial subtype. In addition, the regulatory effect of cav-1-dependent and caveola-mediated transcellular transport on the permeability of the blood tumor barrier could be of benefit to overcome the restricted transport across brain barriers when applying chemotherapeutics. The association of cav-1 with tumors of the brain other than malignant gliomas deserves to be underlined, as well given the evidence suggesting its potential in predicting tumor grade and recurrence rates together with determining patient prognosis in oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, meningiomas, vestibular schwannomas and brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Eser Ocak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Umut Ocak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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13
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Kagawa Y, Umaru BA, Ariful I, Shil SK, Miyazaki H, Yamamoto Y, Ogata M, Owada Y. Role of FABP7 in tumor cell signaling. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 71:206-218. [PMID: 30245263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are major molecules for the function of organisms and are involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Fatty acids (FAs) signaling and their metabolism are some of the most important pathways in tumor development, as lipids serve as energetic sources during carcinogenesis. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) facilitate FAs transport to different cell organelles, modulating their metabolism along with mediating other physiological activities. FABP7, brain-typed FABP, is thought to be an important molecule for cell proliferation in healthy as well as diseased organisms. Several studies on human tumors and tumor-derived cell lines put FABP7 in the center of tumorigenesis, and its high expression level has been reported to correlate with poor prognosis in different tumor types. Several types of FABP7-expressing tumors have shown an up-regulation of cell signaling activity, but molecular mechanisms of FABP7 involvement in tumorigenesis still remain elusive. In this review, we focus on the expression and function of FABP7 in different tumors, and possible mechanisms of FABP7 in tumor proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Banlanjo A Umaru
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Islam Ariful
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Subrata Kumar Shil
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaki Ogata
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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Arshad M, Conzelmann C, Riaz MA, Noll T, Gündüz D. Inhibition of Cx43 attenuates ERK1/2 activation, enhances the expression of Cav‑1 and suppresses cell proliferation. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2811-2818. [PMID: 30132504 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to being an important component of the gap junction, connexin 43 (Cx43) has been shown to regulate other cellular functions, including cell proliferation. This regulatory role of Cx43 may be important in therapeutic situations, including wound healing or ischemic injuries. Caveolin‑1 (Cav‑1) has been shown to regulate angiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether Cx43 counter‑regulates Cav‑1 in controlling the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. The inhibition of Cx43 with niflumic acid, flufenamic acid and 18‑α‑glycyrrhetinic acid in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells resulted in decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and increased expression of Cav‑1, as shown by western blot analysis. Furthermore, the inhibition of Cx43 resulted in a 50±7% decrease in cell proliferation, determined using a crystal violet assay, a 48±5% decrease in migration, determined using a migration assay, and a 49±6% decrease in endothelial tube formation, determined using a Matrigel assay, compared with the control. Similar results were obtained following specific inhibition of Cx43 by mimetic peptides (Gap26 and Gap27). Inhibition of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase/ERK pathway with PD‑98059 resulted in an increased expression of Cav‑1 and a reduction in the expression of Cx43. Furthermore, cell proliferation, migration and tube formation in endothelial cells were impaired. By contrast, downregulation of the protein expression of Cav‑1 by small interference RNA resulted in increased expression of Cx43 and phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Accordingly, the number of cells in the Cav‑1 treated‑group increased by 35±5% compared with the controls. The data of the present study showed that Cav‑1 suppressed cell proliferation by inhibiting the activity of Cx43, which is upstream of ERK1/2. The downregulation of Cav‑1 protein resulted in loss of the inhibitory activity of Cav‑1 on cell proliferation and led to increased cell proliferation. This counter‑regulatory effect of Cx43 may be of importance in therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Conzelmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Assad Riaz
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Essen, D‑45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Noll
- Institute of Physiology, Carl Gustav Carus Technical University of Dresden, D‑01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dursun Gündüz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
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15
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Conflicting Roles of Connexin43 in Tumor Invasion and Growth in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041159. [PMID: 29641478 PMCID: PMC5979343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is known to have increased levels of cytokines and metabolites, such as glutamate, due to their release from the surrounding cells. A normal cell around the tumor that responds to the inflammatory environment is likely to be subsequently altered. We discuss how these abnormalities will support tumor survival via the actions of gap junctions (GJs) and hemichannels (HCs) which are composed of hexamer of connexin43 (Cx43) protein. In particular, we discuss how GJ intercellular communication (GJIC) in glioma cells, the primary brain tumor, is a regulatory factor and its attenuation leads to tumor invasion. In contrast, the astrocytes, which are normal cells around the glioma, are “hijacked” by tumor cells, either by receiving the transmission of malignant substances from the cancer cells via GJIC, or perhaps via astrocytic HC activity through the paracrine signaling which enable the delivery of these substances to the distal astrocytes. This astrocytic signaling would promote tumor expansion in the brain. In addition, brain metastasis from peripheral tissues has also been known to be facilitated by GJs formed between cerebral vascular endothelial cells and cancer cells. Astrocytes and microglia are generally thought to eliminate cancer cells at the blood–brain barrier. In contrast, some reports suggest they facilitate tumor progression as tumor cells take advantage of the normal functions of astrocytes that support the survival of the neurons by exchanging nutrients and metabolites. In summary, GJIC is essential for the normal physiological function of growth and allowing the diffusion of physiological substances. Therefore, whether GJIC is cancer promoting or suppressing may be dependent on what permeates through GJs, when it is active, and to which cells. The nature of GJs, which has been ambiguous in brain tumor progression, needs to be revisited and understood together with new findings on Cx proteins and HC activities.
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16
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Lai SW, Huang BR, Liu YS, Lin HY, Chen CC, Tsai CF, Lu DY, Lin C. Differential Characterization of Temozolomide-Resistant Human Glioma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010127. [PMID: 29301329 PMCID: PMC5796076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary and malignant tumor occurring in the adult central nervous system. Temozolomide (TMZ) has been considered to be one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents to prolong the survival of patients with glioblastoma. Many glioma cells develop drug-resistance against TMZ that is mediated by increasing O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) levels. The expression of connexin 43 was increased in the resistant U251 subline compared with the parental U251 cells. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated regulators, including vimentin, N-cadherin, and β-catenin, was reduced in the resistant U251 subline. In addition, the resistant U251 subline exhibited decreased cell migratory activity and monocyte adhesion ability compared to the parental U251 cells. Furthermore, the resistant U251 subline also expressed lower levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 after treatment with recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. These findings suggest differential characteristics in the drug-resistant GBM from the parental glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Neurosurgery Department, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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17
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Li B, Jia S, Yue T, Yang L, Huang C, Verkhratsky A, Peng L. Biphasic Regulation of Caveolin-1 Gene Expression by Fluoxetine in Astrocytes: Opposite Effects of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathways on c-fos. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:335. [PMID: 29163047 PMCID: PMC5671492 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that fluoxetine acts on 5-HT2B receptor and induces epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation in astrocytes. Recently, we have found that chronic treatment with fluoxetine regulates Caveolin-1 (Cav-1)/PTEN/PI3K/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway and glycogen content in primary cultures of astrocytes with bi-phasic concentration dependence. At low concentrations fluoxetine down-regulates Cav-1 gene expression, decreases membrane content of PTEN, increases PI3K activity and increases phosphorylation of GSK-3β and increases its activity; at high concentrations fluoxetine acts on PTEN/PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β in an inverse fashion. Here, we present the data indicating that acute treatment with fluoxetine at lower concentrations down-regulates c-Fos gene expression via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; in contrast at higher concentrations fluoxetine up-regulates c-Fos gene expression via MAPK/extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. However, acute treatment with fluoxetine has no effect on Cav-1 protein content. Similarly, chronic effects of fluoxetine on Cav-1 gene expression are suppressed by inhibitor of PI3K at lower concentrations, but by inhibitor of MAPK at higher concentrations, indicating that the mechanism underlying bi-phasic regulation of Cav-1 gene expression by fluoxetine is opposing effects of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signal pathways on c-Fos gene expression. The effects of fluoxetine on Cav-1 gene expression at both lower and higher concentrations are abolished by AG1478, an inhibitor of EGFR, indicating the involvement of 5-HT2B receptor induced EGFR transactivation as we reported previously. However, PP1, an inhibitor of Src only abolished the effect by lower concentrations, suggesting the relevance of Src with PI3K/AKT signal pathway during activation of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoman Li
- Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Jia
- Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingting Yue
- Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Alexej Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Life Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Liang Peng
- Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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18
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Cholesterol metabolism and glaucoma: Modulation of Muller cell membrane organization by 24S-hydroxycholesterol. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:179-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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19
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Dong H, Zhou XW, Wang X, Yang Y, Luo JW, Liu YH, Mao Q. Complex role of connexin 43 in astrocytic tumors and possible promotion of glioma‑associated epileptic discharge (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7890-7900. [PMID: 28983585 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin (Cx)43 is a multifunction protein which forms gap junction channels and hemi‑channels. It also contains abundant binding domains which possess the ability to interact with certain Cx43‑associated proteins and therefore serve a fundamental role in various physiological and pathological functions. However, the understanding of the association between cancer and Cx43 along with Cx43‑gap junctions (GJ) remains unclear. All available data illustrate that Cx43 and its associated GJ serve important functions in cancers. The expression levels of Cx43 demonstrate a downward trend and an increase in the levels of malignancy, particularly in astrocytomas. The GJ intercellular communication activity in glioma cells can be adjusted via Cx43 phosphorylation and through the combination of Cx43 and its associated protein. Available evidence reveals Cx43 as a tumor‑inhibiting factor that suppresses glioma growth and proliferation. However, its mechanism is also regarded as complicated and ambiguous. Furthermore, it is apparent that Cx43‑GJ and the carboxyl tail may contribute to glioma growth and proliferation too. However, this valuable role could be weakened by its effects on migration and invasiveness. The detailed mechanism remains unclear and full of controversies. Cx43 can enhance the motor ability and invasiveness of astrocytic glioma cells. It is also able to influence glioma cells to detach from the tumor core to the peritumoral neocortex. This peritumoral region has recently been regarded as the basic focus of glioma‑associated seizure. Thus, Cx43 may take part in the onset and development of glioma‑associated epileptic discharge. In addition, change and increase of Cx43 expression in GJs has been observed in seizure perilesional tissue, which is associated with brain tumors. Cx43 or GJ/hemi‑channels exert enduring effects in the promotion of glioma‑associated epileptic release through direct mass effects and change of the tumor microenvironment. However, there are still a number of issues concerning this aspect that require further exploration. Cx43, as a potential treatment target against this incurable disease and its common symptom of epilepsy, requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Wang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Wen Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qing Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Jaraíz-Rodríguez M, Tabernero MD, González-Tablas M, Otero A, Orfao A, Medina JM, Tabernero A. A Short Region of Connexin43 Reduces Human Glioma Stem Cell Migration, Invasion, and Survival through Src, PTEN, and FAK. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:451-463. [PMID: 28712848 PMCID: PMC5549880 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin43 (CX43), a protein that forms gap junction channels and hemichannels in astrocytes, is downregulated in high-grade gliomas. Its relevance for glioma therapy has been thoroughly explored; however, its positive effects on proliferation are counterbalanced by its effects on migration and invasion. Here, we show that a cell-penetrating peptide based on CX43 (TAT-Cx43266-283) inhibited c-Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and upregulated phosphatase and tensin homolog in glioma stem cells (GSCs) derived from patients. Consequently, TAT-Cx43266-283 reduced GSC motility, as analyzed by time-lapse microscopy, and strongly reduced their invasive ability. Interestingly, we investigated the effects of TAT-Cx43266-283 on freshly removed surgical specimens as undissociated glioblastoma blocks, which revealed a dramatic reduction in the growth, migration, and survival of these cells. In conclusion, a region of CX43 (amino acids 266–283) exerts an important anti-tumor effect in patient-derived glioblastoma models that includes impairment of GSC migration and invasion. TAT-Cx43266-283 exerts anti-tumor effects in patient-derived glioblastoma models TAT-Cx43266-283 targets Src, PTEN, and FAK TAT-Cx43266-283 inhibits glioma stem cell migration and invasion
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Jaraíz-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ma Dolores Tabernero
- Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL), Departamento de Medicina Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María González-Tablas
- Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL), Departamento de Medicina Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alvaro Otero
- Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca and IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL), Departamento de Medicina Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose M Medina
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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21
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Mesnil M, Aasen T, Boucher J, Chépied A, Cronier L, Defamie N, Kameritsch P, Laird DW, Lampe PD, Lathia JD, Leithe E, Mehta PP, Monvoisin A, Pogoda K, Sin WC, Tabernero A, Yamasaki H, Yeh ES, Dagli MLZ, Naus CC. An update on minding the gap in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:237-243. [PMID: 28655619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This article is a report of the "International Colloquium on Gap junctions: 50Years of Impact on Cancer" that was held 8-9 September 2016, at the Amphitheater "Pôle Biologie Santé" of the University of Poitiers (Poitiers, France). The colloquium was organized by M Mesnil (Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France) and C Naus (University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada) to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the seminal work published in 1966 by Loewenstein and Kanno [Intercellular communication and the control of tissue growth: lack of communication between cancer cells, Nature, 116 (1966) 1248-1249] which initiated studies on the involvement of gap junctions in carcinogenesis. During the colloquium, 15 participants presented reviews or research updates in the field which are summarized below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Mesnil
- STIM Laboratory ERL 7368 CNRS - Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86073, cedex 09, France.
| | - Trond Aasen
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, CIBERONC, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan Boucher
- STIM Laboratory ERL 7368 CNRS - Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86073, cedex 09, France
| | - Amandine Chépied
- STIM Laboratory ERL 7368 CNRS - Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86073, cedex 09, France
| | - Laurent Cronier
- STIM Laboratory ERL 7368 CNRS - Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86073, cedex 09, France
| | - Norah Defamie
- STIM Laboratory ERL 7368 CNRS - Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86073, cedex 09, France
| | - Petra Kameritsch
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Munich University Hospital, München, Germany
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Paul D Lampe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Edward Leithe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, and Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Parmender P Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska, Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Arnaud Monvoisin
- STIM Laboratory ERL 7368 CNRS - Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86073, cedex 09, France
| | - Kristin Pogoda
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Munich University Hospital, München, Germany
| | - Wun-Chey Sin
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | | | - Elizabeth S Yeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Christian C Naus
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Wang W, Gu L, Verkhratsky A, Peng L. Ammonium Increases TRPC1 Expression Via Cav-1/PTEN/AKT/GSK3β Pathway. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:762-776. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Aftab Q, Sin WC, Naus CC. Reduction in gap junction intercellular communication promotes glioma migration. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11447-64. [PMID: 25926558 PMCID: PMC4484468 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), an aggressive form of adult brain tumor, is difficult to treat due to its invasive nature. One of the molecular changes observed in GBM is a decrease in the expression of the gap junction protein Connexin43 (Cx43); however, how a reduction in Cx43 expression contributes to glioma malignancy is still unclear. In this study we examine whether a decrease in Cx43 protein expression has a role in enhanced cell migration, a key feature associated with increased tumorigenicity. We used a 3D spheroid migration model that mimics the in vivo architecture of tumor cells to quantify migration changes. We found that down-regulation of Cx43 expression in the U118 human glioma cell line increased migration by reducing cell-ECM adhesion, and changed the migration pattern from collective to single cell. In addition gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) played a more prominent role in mediating migration than the cytoplasmic interactions of the C-terminal tail. Live imaging revealed that reducing Cx43 expression enhanced relative migration by increasing the cell speed and affecting the direction of migration. Taken together our findings reveal an unexplored role of GJIC in facilitating collective migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurratulain Aftab
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Wun-Chey Sin
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Christian C Naus
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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Naus CC, Aftab Q, Sin WC. Common mechanisms linking connexin43 to neural progenitor cell migration and glioma invasion. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 50:59-66. [PMID: 26706148 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is critical for cell differentiation, tissue formation and organ development. Several mechanisms come to play in the process of cell migration, orchestrating changes in cell polarity, adhesion, process extension and motility. Recent findings have shown that gap junctions, and specifically connexin43 (Cx43), can play a significant role in these processes, impacting adhesion and cytoskeletal rearrangements. Thus Cx43 within a cell regulates its motility and migration via intracellular signaling. Furthermore, Cx43 in the host cells can impact the degree of cellular migration through that tissue. Similarities in these connexin-based processes account for both neural progenitor migration in the developing brain, and for glioma cell invasion in the mature brain. In both cases, Cx43 in the tissue ("soil") in which cells ("seeds") exist facilitates their migration and, for glioma cells, tissue invasion. Cx43 mediates these effects through channel- and non-channel-dependent mechanisms which have similarities in both paradigms of cell migration. This provides insight into developmental processes and pathological situations, as well as possible therapeutic approaches regarding specific functional domains of gap junction proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C Naus
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3.
| | - Qurratulain Aftab
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Wun Chey Sin
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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25
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Qiu X, Cheng JC, Klausen C, Chang HM, Fan Q, Leung PCK. EGF-Induced Connexin43 Negatively Regulates Cell Proliferation in Human Ovarian Cancer. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:111-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Child & Family Research Institute; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Child & Family Research Institute; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Child & Family Research Institute; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Child & Family Research Institute; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Qianlan Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Child & Family Research Institute; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Peter C. K. Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Child & Family Research Institute; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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26
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Qiu X, Cheng JC, Zhao J, Chang HM, Leung PCK. Transforming growth factor-β stimulates human ovarian cancer cell migration by up-regulating connexin43 expression via Smad2/3 signaling. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1956-62. [PMID: 26186970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reduced connexin43 (Cx43) expression is frequently detected in different types of human cancer. Cx43 has been shown to regulate cancer cell migration in a cell-type dependent manner. In both primary and recurrent human ovarian cancer, overexpression of TGF-β ligand and its receptors have been detected. TGF-β can regulate Cx43 expression in other cell types and stimulate human ovarian cancer cell migration. However, whether Cx43 can be regulated by TGF-β and is involved in TGF-β-stimulated cell migration in human ovarian cancer cells remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that TGF-β up-regulates Cx43 in two human ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3 and OVCAR4. The stimulatory effect of TGF-β on Cx43 expression is blocked by inhibition of TGF-β receptor. Treatment with TGF-β activates Smad2 and Smad3 signaling pathways in both ovarian cancer cell lines. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Smad2 or Smd3 abolishes TGF-β-induced up-regulation of Cx43 expression. Moreover, knockdown of Cx43 attenuates TGF-β-stimulated cell migration. This study demonstrates an important role for Cx43 in mediating the effects of TGF-β on human ovarian cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jianfang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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27
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Sin WC, Aftab Q, Bechberger JF, Leung JH, Chen H, Naus CC. Astrocytes promote glioma invasion via the gap junction protein connexin43. Oncogene 2015; 35:1504-16. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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28
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Kagawa Y, Yasumoto Y, Sharifi K, Ebrahimi M, Islam A, Miyazaki H, Yamamoto Y, Sawada T, Kishi H, Kobayashi S, Maekawa M, Yoshikawa T, Takaki E, Nakai A, Kogo H, Fujimoto T, Owada Y. Fatty acid-binding protein 7 regulates function of caveolae in astrocytes through expression of caveolin-1. Glia 2015; 63:780-94. [PMID: 25601031 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) bind and solubilize long-chain fatty acids, controlling intracellular lipid dynamics. FABP7 is expressed by astrocytes in the developing brain, and suggested to be involved in the control of astrocyte lipid homeostasis. In this study, we sought to examine the role of FABP7 in astrocytes, focusing on plasma membrane lipid raft function, which is important for receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to extracellular stimuli. In FABP7-knockout (KO) astrocytes, the ligand-dependent accumulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha 1 into lipid raft was decreased, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB was impaired after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation when compared with wild-type astrocytes. In addition, the expression of caveolin-1, not cavin-1, 2, 3, caveolin-2, and flotillin-1, was found to be decreased at the protein and transcriptional levels. FABP7 re-expression in FABP7-KO astrocytes rescued the decreased level of caveolin-1. Furthermore, caveolin-1-transfection into FABP7-KO astrocytes significantly increased TLR4 recruitment into lipid raft and tumor necrosis factor-α production after LPS stimulation. Taken together, these data suggest that FABP7 controls lipid raft function through the regulation of caveolin-1 expression and is involved in the response of astrocytes to the external stimuli. GLIA 2015;63:780-794.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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29
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Defamie N, Chepied A, Mesnil M. Connexins, gap junctions and tissue invasion. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1331-8. [PMID: 24457198 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Formation of metastases negatively impacts the survival prognosis of cancer patients. Globally, if the various steps involved in their formation are relatively well identified, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the emergence of invasive cancer cells are still incompletely resolved. Elucidating what are the mechanisms that allow cancer cells to evade from the tumor is a crucial point since it is the first step of the metastatic potential of a solid tumor. In order to be invasive, cancer cells have to undergo transformations such as down-regulation of cell-cell adhesions, modification of cell-matrix adhesions and acquisition of proteolytic properties. These transformations are accompanied by the capacity to "activate" stromal cells, which may favor the motility of the invasive cells through the extracellular matrix. Since modulation of gap junctional intercellular communication is known to be involved in cancer, we were interested to consider whether these different transformations necessary for the acquisition of invasive phenotype are related with gap junctions and their structural proteins, the connexins. In this review, emerging roles of connexins and gap junctions in the process of tissue invasion are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Defamie
- Team IP2C, STIM laboratory, University of Poitiers, CNRS ERL 7368, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, B36, 86073 Poitiers Cedex9, France.
| | - Amandine Chepied
- Team IP2C, STIM laboratory, University of Poitiers, CNRS ERL 7368, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, B36, 86073 Poitiers Cedex9, France.
| | - Marc Mesnil
- Team IP2C, STIM laboratory, University of Poitiers, CNRS ERL 7368, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, B36, 86073 Poitiers Cedex9, France.
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30
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Sayegh ET, Kaur G, Bloch O, Parsa AT. Systematic review of protein biomarkers of invasive behavior in glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:1212-44. [PMID: 24271659 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and incurable brain tumor with a grave prognosis. Recurrence is inevitable even with maximal surgical resection, in large part because GBM is a highly invasive tumor. Invasiveness also contributes to the failure of multiple cornerstones of GBM therapy, including radiotherapy, temozolomide chemotherapy, and vascular endothelial growth factor blockade. In recent years there has been significant progress in the identification of protein biomarkers of invasive phenotype in GBM. In this article, we comprehensively review the literature and survey a broad spectrum of biomarkers, including proteolytic enzymes, extracellular matrix proteins, cell adhesion molecules, neurodevelopmental factors, cell signaling and transcription factors, angiogenic effectors, metabolic proteins, membrane channels, and cytokines and chemokines. In light of the marked variation seen in outcomes in GBM patients, the systematic use of these biomarkers could be used to form a framework for better prediction, prognostication, and treatment selection, as well as the identification of molecular targets for further laboratory investigation and development of nascent, directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli T Sayegh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611-2911, USA
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31
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Yao PL, Lin YC, Richburg JH. Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) promotes invasion and migration of human testicular embryonal carcinoma cells. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:160, 1-10. [PMID: 22321834 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.097295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular dysgenesis syndrome refers to a collection of diseases in men, including testicular cancer, that arise as a result of abnormal testicular development. Phthalates are a class of chemicals used widely in the production of plastic products and other consumer goods. Unfortunately, phthalate exposure has been linked to reproductive dysfunction and has been shown to adversely affect normal germ cell development. In this study, we show that mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) induces matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression in testicular embryonal carcinoma NT2/D1 cells but has no significant effect on MMP9 expression. NT2/D1 cells also have higher levels of MYC expression following MEHP treatment. It is widely recognized that activation of MMP2 and MYC is tightly associated with tumor metastasis and tumor progression. Gelatin zymographic analysis indicates that MEHP strongly activates MMP2 in NT2/D1 cells. Addition of the MMP2-specific inhibitor SB-3CT inhibited MEHP-enhanced cell invasion and migration, demonstrating that MMP2 plays a functional role in promoting testicular embryonal carcinoma progression in response to MEHP exposure. Furthermore, we investigated genome-wide gene expression profiles of NT2/D1 cells following MEHP exposure at 0, 3, and 24 h. Microarray analysis and semiquantitative RT-PCR revealed that MEHP exposure primarily influenced genes in cell adhesion and transcription in NT2/D1 cells. Gap junction protein-alpha 1, vinculin, and inhibitor of DNA-binding protein-1 were significantly down-regulated by MEHP treatment, while claudin-6 and beta 1-catenin expression levels were up-regulated. This study provides insight into mechanisms that may account for modulating testicular cancer progression following phthalate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Yao
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
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