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George Warren W, Osborn M, Yates A, O'Sullivan SE. The emerging role of fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) in cancers. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103980. [PMID: 38614160 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) is an intracellular protein involved in the uptake, transportation, metabolism, and storage of fatty acids (FAs). FABP7 is upregulated up to 20-fold in multiple cancers, usually correlated with poor prognosis. FABP7 silencing or pharmacological inhibition suggest FABP7 promotes cell growth, migration, invasion, colony and spheroid formation/increased size, lipid uptake, and lipid droplet formation. Xenograft studies show that suppression of FABP7 inhibits tumour formation and tumour growth, and improves host survival. The molecular mechanisms involve promotion of FA uptake, lipid droplets, signalling [focal adhesion kinase (FAK), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (Src), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK), and Wnt/β-catenin], hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif1α), vascular endothelial growth factor A/prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 (VEGFA/P4HA1), snail family zinc finger 1 (Snail1), and twist-related protein 1 (Twist1). The oncogenic capacity of FABP7 makes it a promising pharmacological target for future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myles Osborn
- Artelo Biosciences Limited, Alderley Park, Cheshire, UK
| | - Andrew Yates
- Artelo Biosciences Limited, Alderley Park, Cheshire, UK
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Alvarez HA, Cousido-Siah A, Espinosa YR, Podjarny A, Carlevaro CM, Howard E. Lipid exchange in crystal-confined fatty acid binding proteins: X-ray evidence and molecular dynamics explanation. Proteins 2023; 91:1525-1534. [PMID: 37462340 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are responsible for the long-chain fatty acids (FAs) transport inside the cell. However, despite the years, since their structure is known and the many studies published, there is no definitive answer about the stages of the lipid entry-exit mechanism. Their structure forms a β -barrel of 10 anti-parallel strands with a cap in a helix-turn-helix motif, and there is some consensus on the role of the so-called portal region, involving the second α -helix from the cap ( α 2), β C- β D, and β E- β F turns in FAs exchange. To test the idea of a lid that opens, we performed a soaking experiment on an h-FABP crystal in which the cap is part of the packing contacts, and its movement is strongly restricted. Even in these conditions, we observed the replacement of palmitic acid by 2-Bromohexadecanoic acid (Br-palmitic acid). Our MD simulations reveal a two-step lipid entry process: (i) The travel of the lipid head through the cavity in the order of tens of nanoseconds, and (ii) The accommodation of its hydrophobic tail in hundreds to thousands of nanoseconds. We observed this even in the cases in which the FAs enter the cavity by their tail. During this process, the FAs do not follow a single trajectory, but multiple ones through which they get into the protein cavity. Thanks to the complementary views between experiment and simulation, we can give an approach to a mechanistic view of the exchange process.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ariel Alvarez
- Instituto de Fisica de Liquidos y Sistemas Biologicos (UNLP-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alexandra Cousido-Siah
- Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Yanis R Espinosa
- Instituto de Fisica de Liquidos y Sistemas Biologicos (UNLP-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y del Ambiente, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Alberto Podjarny
- Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - C Manuel Carlevaro
- Instituto de Fisica de Liquidos y Sistemas Biologicos (UNLP-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad Regional La Plata, Universidad Tecnologica Nacional, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Howard
- Instituto de Fisica de Liquidos y Sistemas Biologicos (UNLP-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad Regional Tierra del Fuego, Universidad Tecnologica Nacional, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
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Floresta G, Crocetti L, Silva RRDO, Patamia V, Mazzacuva F, Chen YCS, Vergelli C, Cilibrizzi A. Optimization of 4-amino-pyridazin-3(2H)-one as a valid core scaffold for FABP4 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300314. [PMID: 37518500 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical research suggests that fatty acid-binding protein 4 inhibitors (FABP4is), which are of biological and therapeutic interest, may show potential in treating cancer and other illnesses. We sought to uncover new structures through the optimization of the previously reported 4-amino and 4-ureido pyridazinone-based series of FABP4is as part of a larger research effort to create more potent FABP4 inhibitors. This led to the identification of 14e as the most potent analog with IC50 = 1.57 μM, which is lower than the IC50 of the positive control. Advanced modeling investigations and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion - toxicity calculations suggested that 14e represents a potential candidate for in vivo studies such as FABP4i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- Department of NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Patamia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Mazzacuva
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, UK
| | | | - Claudia Vergelli
- Department of NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
- Medicines Development, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Tomarchio R, Patamia V, Zagni C, Crocetti L, Cilibrizzi A, Floresta G, Rescifina A. Steered Molecular Dynamics Simulations Study on FABP4 Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062731. [PMID: 36985701 PMCID: PMC10058326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ordinary small molecule de novo drug design is time-consuming and expensive. Recently, computational tools were employed and proved their efficacy in accelerating the overall drug design process. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and a derivative of MD, steered molecular dynamics (SMD), turned out to be promising rational drug design tools. In this paper, we report the first application of SMD to evaluate the binding properties of small molecules toward FABP4, considering our recent interest in inhibiting fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). FABP4 inhibitors (FABP4is) are small molecules of therapeutic interest, and ongoing clinical studies indicate that they are promising for treating cancer and other diseases such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Tomarchio
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Patamia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Zagni
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- Department Neurofarba, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Farrell M, Fairfield H, Karam M, D'Amico A, Murphy CS, Falank C, Pistofidi RS, Cao A, Marinac CR, Dragon JA, McGuinness L, Gartner CG, Iorio RD, Jachimowicz E, DeMambro V, Vary C, Reagan MR. Targeting the fatty acid binding proteins disrupts multiple myeloma cell cycle progression and MYC signalin. eLife 2023; 12:81184. [PMID: 36880649 PMCID: PMC9995119 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with only a 53% 5-year survival rate. There is a critical need to find new multiple myeloma vulnerabilities and therapeutic avenues. Herein, we identified and explored a novel multiple myeloma target: the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) family. In our work, myeloma cells were treated with FABP inhibitors (BMS3094013 and SBFI-26) and examined in vivo and in vitro for cell cycle state, proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular metabolism (oxygen consumption rates and fatty acid oxidation), and DNA methylation properties. Myeloma cell responses to BMS309403, SBFI-26, or both, were also assessed with RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and proteomic analysis, and confirmed with western blotting and qRT-PCR. Myeloma cell dependency on FABPs was assessed using the Cancer Dependency Map (DepMap). Finally, MM patient datasets (CoMMpass and GEO) were mined for FABP expression correlations with clinical outcomes. We found that myeloma cells treated with FABPi or with FABP5 knockout (generated via CRISPR/Cas9 editing) exhibited diminished proliferation, increased apoptosis, and metabolic changes in vitro. FABPi had mixed results in vivo, in two pre-clinical MM mouse models, suggesting optimization of in vivo delivery, dosing, or type of FABP inhibitors will be needed before clinical applicability. FABPi negatively impacted mitochondrial respiration and reduced expression of MYC and other key signaling pathways in MM cells in vitro. Clinical data demonstrated worse overall and progression-free survival in patients with high FABP5 expression in tumor cells. Overall, this study establishes the FABP family as a potentially new target in multiple myeloma. In MM cells, FABPs have a multitude of actions and cellular roles that result in the support of myeloma progression. Further research into the FABP family in MM is warrented, especially into the effective translation of targeting these in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Farrell
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for ResearchScarboroughUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of MaineOronoUnited States
- Tufts University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for ResearchScarboroughUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of MaineOronoUnited States
- Tufts University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Michelle Karam
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for ResearchScarboroughUnited States
| | - Anastasia D'Amico
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for ResearchScarboroughUnited States
| | - Connor S Murphy
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for ResearchScarboroughUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of MaineOronoUnited States
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for ResearchScarboroughUnited States
| | | | - Amanda Cao
- Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Catherine R Marinac
- Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Lauren McGuinness
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for ResearchScarboroughUnited States
- University of New EnglandBiddefordUnited States
| | - Carlos G Gartner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for ResearchScarboroughUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of MaineOronoUnited States
- Tufts University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Reagan Di Iorio
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for ResearchScarboroughUnited States
- University of New EnglandBiddefordUnited States
| | - Edward Jachimowicz
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for ResearchScarboroughUnited States
| | - Victoria DeMambro
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for ResearchScarboroughUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of MaineOronoUnited States
| | - Calvin Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for ResearchScarboroughUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of MaineOronoUnited States
- Tufts University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Health Institute for ResearchScarboroughUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of MaineOronoUnited States
- Tufts University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
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Taranova NA, Bulanaya AA, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Triple Enhancement for Sensitive Immunochromatographic Assay: A Case Study for Human Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Detection. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:1166. [PMID: 36551132 PMCID: PMC9775130 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The work considers a combination of three enhancing approaches for immunochromatographic assay (ICA) and the integration of their impacts into changes of the limit of detection (LOD). Human fatty acid binding protein (FABP), an early biomarker of acute myocardial infarction, was the target analyte. Starting from the common ICA protocol with an LOD equal to 11.2 ng/mL, three approaches were realized: (1) replacement of spherical gold nanoparticles with gold nanoflowers having a branched surface (20-fold lowering the LOD); (2) enhanced labeling of immune complexes via nanoparticle aggregates (15-fold lowering); (3) in-situ growth of bound nanoparticles by reduction of gold salts (3-fold lowering). Single and combined implementations of these approaches have been studied. It has been shown that the LOD decrease for combined approaches is close to the multiplied contribution of each of them. The final LOD for FABP was 0.05 ng/mL, which is 220 times lower than the LOD for the common ICA protocol. The efficiency of the enhanced ICA with three combined approaches was confirmed by testing human serum samples for FABP presence and content. The development presents a new efficient technique for rapid sensitive detection of FABP for medical diagnostics. Moreover, the demonstrated multiple enhancements could be applied for various demanded analytes.
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Odeh A, Dungan GD, Darki A, Hoppensteadt D, Siddiqui F, Kantarcioglu B, Fareed J, Syed MA. Collagen Remodeling and Fatty Acid Regulation Biomarkers in Understanding the Molecular Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2022; 28:10760296221145181. [PMID: 36514257 PMCID: PMC9756370 DOI: 10.1177/10760296221145181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrythmia in the world. Structural remodeling and fatty acid metabolism dysregulation are believed to play a role in the development of AF. This study explored different biomarkers in the blood of AF patients and a control population to determine if there was a significant difference between the two groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 73 patients with confirmed diagnosis of AF from Loyola University Clinic. Control group represented commercially available plasma (n = 50). Sandwich ELISA kits were used to quantify the collagen remodeling proteins and liver type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) in the AF population and the control population. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were measured using an enzymatic colorimetric kit from Wako Diagnostics. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism. RESULTS All the collagen remodeling biomarkers were significantly higher in AF patients compared to the control group. The fatty acid dysregulation biomarkers were elevated in the AF patients. Spearman correlation analyses yielded significant correlations between L-FABP and TIMP-1 (r = 0.47, P < 0.001), NEFA and TIMP-2 (r = 0.41, P = 0.002), NEFA and ICTP (r = 0.41, P =0 .002), and NEFA and PIIINP (r = 0.61, P < 0.0001). SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The elevation of collagen remodeling biomarkers suggests an upregulation of these biomarkers and their potential role in AF, which may contribute to atrial fibrosis. L-FABP and NEFAs were elevated in AF patients. The correlations between the collagen remodeling and fatty acid dysregulation biomarkers may be due to their involvement in structural remodeling of the atria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Odeh
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA,Ameer Odeh, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Gabriel D. Dungan
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Amir Darki
- Department of Cardiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Fakiha Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - Jawed Fareed
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Mushabbar A. Syed
- Department of Cardiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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Hao J, Jin R, Zeng J, Hua Y, Yorek MS, Liu L, Mandal A, Li J, Zheng H, Sun Y, Yi Y, Yin D, Zheng Q, Li X, Ng CK, Rouchka EC, Egilmez NK, Jabbari A, Li B. Consumption of fish oil high-fat diet induces murine hair loss via epidermal fatty acid binding protein in skin macrophages. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111804. [PMID: 36516778 PMCID: PMC10193786 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fats are essential in healthy diets, but how dietary fats affect immune cell function and overall health is not well understood. Mimicking human high-fat diets (HFDs), which are rich in different fatty acid (FA) components, we fed mice various HFDs from different fat sources, including fish oil and cocoa butter. Mice consuming the fish oil HFD exhibit a hair-loss phenotype. Further studies show that omega-3 (n-3) FAs in fish oil promote atypical infiltration of CD207- (langerin-) myeloid macrophages in skin dermis, which induce hair loss through elevated TNF-α signaling. Mechanistically, epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP) is demonstrated to play an essential role in inducing TNF-α-mediated hair loss by activating the n-3 FA/ROS/IL-36 signaling pathway in dermal resident macrophages. Absence of E-FABP abrogates fish oil HFD-induced murine hair loss. Altogether, these findings support a role for E-FABP as a lipid sensor mediating n-3 FA-regulated macrophage function and skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Hao
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 431 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Hua
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 431 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Matthew S Yorek
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 431 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lianliang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Anita Mandal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Junling Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Huaiyu Zheng
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yanwen Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 431 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yanmei Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Di Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chin K Ng
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nejat K Egilmez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 431 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Attal N, Marrero E, Thompson KJ, McKillop IH. Role of AMPK-SREBP Signaling in Regulating Fatty Acid Binding-4 (FABP4) Expression following Ethanol Metabolism. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36358315 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) is not normally expressed in the liver but is induced in alcohol-dependent liver disease (ALD)). This study sought to identify mechanisms whereby ethanol (EtOH) metabolism alters triglyceride accumulation and FABP4 production. Human hepatoma cells which were stably transfected to express alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) or cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) were exposed to EtOH in the absence/presence of inhibitors of ADH (4-methylpyrazole) or CYP2E1 (chlormethiazole). Cells were analyzed for free fatty acid (FFA) content and FABP4 mRNA, then culture medium assayed for FABP4 levels. Cell lysates were analyzed for AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and Lipin-1β activity and localization in the absence/presence of EtOH and pharmacological inhibitors. CYP2E1-EtOH metabolism led to increased FABP4 mRNA/protein expression and FFA accumulation. Analysis of signaling pathway activity revealed decreased AMPKα activation and increased nuclear-SREBP-1c localization following CYP2E1-EtOH metabolism. The role of AMPKα-SREBP-1c in regulating CYP2E1-EtOH-dependent FFA accumulation and increased FABP4 was confirmed using pharmacological inhibitors and over-expression of AMPKα. Inhibition of ACC or Lipin-1β failed to prevent FFA accumulation or changes in FABP4 mRNA expression or protein secretion. These data suggest that CYP2E1-EtOH metabolism inhibits AMPKα phosphorylation to stimulate FFA accumulation and FABP4 protein secretion via an SREBP-1c dependent mechanism.
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Crocetti L, Floresta G, Zagni C, Merugu D, Mazzacuva F, de Oliveira Silva RR, Vergelli C, Giovannoni MP, Cilibrizzi A. Ligand Growing Experiments Suggested 4-amino and 4-ureido pyridazin-3(2 H)-one as Novel Scaffold for FABP4 Inhibition. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1335. [PMID: 36355506 PMCID: PMC9697826 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein (FABP4) inhibitors are of synthetic and therapeutic interest and ongoing clinical studies indicate that they may be a promise for the treatment of cancer, as well as other diseases. As part of a broader research effort to develop more effective FABP4 inhibitors, we sought to identify new structures through a two-step computing assisted molecular design based on the established scaffold of a co-crystallized ligand. Novel and potent FABP4 inhibitors have been developed using this approach and herein we report the synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of the 4-amino and 4-ureido pyridazinone-based series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Crocetti
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA—Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Zagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Divya Merugu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Francesca Mazzacuva
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London E15 4LZ, UK
| | | | - Claudia Vergelli
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA—Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA—Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Medicines Development, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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11
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Abstract
Aims Abnormal lipid metabolism is involved in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is crucial in inhibiting the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes. However, whether GDF11 participates in the abnormal adipogenesis of chondrocytes in OA cartilage is still unclear. Methods Six-week-old female mice were subjected to unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) to induce OA in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Histochemical staining, immunohistochemical staining (IHC), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed. Primary condylar chondrocytes of rats were stimulated with fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) and collected for oil red staining, immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, and immunoprecipitation analysis. Results Abnormal adipogenesis, characterized by increased expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (CEBPα), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), Perilipin1, Adiponectin (AdipoQ), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), was enhanced in the degenerative cartilage of TMJ OA in UAC mice, accompanied by decreased expression of GDF11. After FFSS stimulation, there were fat droplets in the cytoplasm of cultured cells with increased expression of PPARγ, CEBPα, FABP4, Perilipin1, and AdipoQ and decreased expression of GDF11. Exogenous GDF11 inhibited increased lipid droplets and expression of AdipoQ, CEBPα, and FABP4 induced by FFSS stimulation. GDF11 did not affect the change in PPARγ expression under FFSS, but promoted its post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMOylation). Local injection of GDF11 alleviated TMJ OA-related cartilage degeneration and abnormal adipogenesis in UAC mice. Conclusion Abnormal adipogenesis of chondrocytes and decreased GDF11 expression were observed in degenerative cartilage of TMJ OA. GDF11 supplementation effectively inhibits the adipogenesis of chondrocytes and thus alleviates TMJ condylar cartilage degeneration. GDF11 may inhibit the abnormal adipogenesis of chondrocytes by affecting the SUMOylation of PPARγ. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(7):453–464.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuqian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shibin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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12
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Gullett JM, Cuypers MG, Grace CR, Pant S, Subramanian C, Tajkhorshid E, Rock CO, White SW. Identification of Structural transitions in bacterial fatty acid binding proteins that permit ligand entry and exit at membranes. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101676. [PMID: 35122790 PMCID: PMC8892158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) transfer proteins extract FA from membranes and sequester them to facilitate their movement through the cytosol. Detailed structural information is available for these soluble protein–FA complexes, but the structure of the protein conformation responsible for FA exchange at the membrane is unknown. Staphylococcus aureus FakB1 is a prototypical bacterial FA transfer protein that binds palmitate within a narrow, buried tunnel. Here, we define the conformational change from a “closed” FakB1 state to an “open” state that associates with the membrane and provides a path for entry and egress of the FA. Using NMR spectroscopy, we identified a conformationally flexible dynamic region in FakB1, and X-ray crystallography of FakB1 mutants captured the conformation of the open state. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations show that the new amphipathic α-helix formed in the open state inserts below the phosphate plane of the bilayer to create a diffusion channel for the hydrophobic FA tail to access the hydrocarbon core and place the carboxyl group at the phosphate layer. The membrane binding and catalytic properties of site-directed mutants were consistent with the proposed membrane docked structure predicted by our molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, the structure of the bilayer-associated conformation of FakB1 has local similarities with mammalian FA binding proteins and provides a conceptual framework for how these proteins interact with the membrane to create a diffusion channel from the FA location in the bilayer to the protein interior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Gullett
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Maxime G Cuypers
- Departments of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christy R Grace
- Departments of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shashank Pant
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Charles O Rock
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Stephen W White
- Departments of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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13
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Rosado-Franco JJ, Armina-Rodriguez A, Marzan-Rivera N, Burgos AG, Spiliopoulos N, Dorta-Estremera SM, Mendez LB, Espino AM. Recombinant Fasciola hepatica Fatty Acid Binding Protein as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Biotherapeutic Drug in an Acute Gram-Negative Nonhuman Primate Sepsis Model. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0191021. [PMID: 34937173 DOI: 10.1128/Spectrum.01910-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their phylogenetic proximity to humans, nonhuman primates (NHPs) are considered an adequate choice for a basic and preclinical model of sepsis. Gram-negative bacteria are the primary causative of sepsis. During infection, bacteria continuously release the potent toxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the bloodstream, which triggers an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response leading to death. Our previous research has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo using a mouse model of septic shock that Fh15, a recombinant variant of the Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein, acts as an antagonist of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) suppressing the LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine storm. The present communication is a proof-of concept study aimed to demonstrate that a low-dose of Fh15 suppresses the cytokine storm and other inflammatory markers during the early phase of sepsis induced in rhesus macaques by intravenous (i.v.) infusion with lethal doses of live Escherichia coli. Fh15 was administered as an isotonic infusion 30 min prior to the bacterial infusion. Among the novel findings reported in this communication, Fh15 (i) significantly prevented bacteremia, suppressed LPS levels in plasma, and the production of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, which are key signatures of inflammation and bacterial infection, respectively; (ii) reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines; and (iii) increased innate immune cell populations in blood, which suggests a role in promoting a prolonged steady state in rhesus macaques even in the presence of inflammatory stimuli. This report is the first to demonstrate that a F. hepatica-derived molecule possesses potential as an anti-inflammatory drug against sepsis in an NHP model. IMPORTANCE Sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacteria affects 1.7 million adults annually in the United States and is one of the most important causes of death at intensive care units. Although the effective use of antibiotics has resulted in improved prognosis of sepsis, the pathological and deathly effects have been attributed to the persistent inflammatory cascade. There is a present need to develop anti-inflammatory agents that can suppress or neutralize the inflammatory responses and prevent the lethal consequences of sepsis. We demonstrated here that a small molecule of 14.5 kDa can suppress the bacteremia, endotoxemia, and many other inflammatory markers in an acute Gram-negative sepsis rhesus macaque model. These results reinforce the notion that Fh15 constitutes an excellent candidate for drug development against sepsis.
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14
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Mann MM, Tang JD, Berger BW. Engineering human liver fatty acid binding protein for detection of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:513-522. [PMID: 34723386 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of synthetic fluorinated chemicals with surface active and water-repellent properties. The combination of wide-spread use in numerous consumer and industrial products and extended biological half-lives arising from strong carbon-fluorine bonds has led to significant accumulation of PFAS in humans. As most human interaction with PFAS comes from ingestion, it is important to be able to detect PFAS in drinking water as well as in agricultural water. Here we present an approach to designing a fluorescence-based biosensor for the rapid detection of PFAS based on human liver fatty acid binding protein (hLFABP). Introduction of solvatochromic fluorophores within the ligand binding pocket (L50) allowed for intrinsic detection of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) via blue-shifts in fluorescence emission spectra. Initially, a single tryptophan mutation (L50W) was found to be able to detect PFOA with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.8 ppm. We improved the sensitivity of the biosensor by exchanging tryptophan for the thiol reactive fluorophore, acrylodan. The acrylodan conjugated C69S/F50C hLFABP variant is capable of detecting PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS in PBS with LODs of 112 ppb, 345 ppb, and 1.09 ppm, respectively. The protein-based sensor is also capable of detecting these contaminants at similar ranges in spiked environmental water samples, including samples containing an interfering anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate. Overall, this study demonstrates engineered hLFABP is a useful platform for detection of PFAS in environmental water samples and highlights its ease of use and versatility in field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison M Mann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - James D Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Bryan W Berger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
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15
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Huang LT, Chou HC, Chen CM. Inhibition of FABP4 attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury and fibrosis via inhibiting TGF-β signaling in neonatal rats. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1509-1520. [PMID: 34708870 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease characterized by interrupted alveologenesis and alveolar simplification caused by oxygen therapy in premature infants. Metabolic dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of BPD. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is significantly increased in specific lung tissues in patients with BPD. Therefore, we investigated whether BMS309403, an FABP4 inhibitor that can mitigate tissue fibrosis, can regulate pulmonary fibrotic processes in newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia. Newborn rat pups were exposed to room air (RA; 21% O2 ) or 85% O2 from 5 to 14 days of age and were then allowed to recover in RA until 29 days of age. They received intraperitoneal injection with placebo (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) or BMS 309403 (0.5 mg or 1.0 mg kg-1 d-1 ) every other day from 4 to 14 days of age then were divided into O2 plus PBS or low dose or high dose and RA plus PBS or low dose or high dose groups. We assessed lung histology and evaluated lung collagen I, FABP4 as well as TGF-β1 expression at 14 and 29 days of age. In the hyperoxia injury-recovery model, prophylactic BMS309403 treatment reduced mean linear intercept values and FABP4 expression (p < 0.001). Prophylactic BMS309403 treatment mitigated pulmonary fibrosis and TGF-β1 expression immediately after hyperoxia exposure (p < 0.05). The attenuation of hyperoxia-induced alveolar developmental impairment and pulmonary fibrosis by FABP4 inhibition indicated that such inhibition has potential clinical and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Ti Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Kaczocha M, Haj-Dahmane S. Mechanisms of endocannabinoid transport in the brain. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:4300-4310. [PMID: 33786823 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide are among the best studied lipid messengers in the brain. By activating cannabinoid receptors in the CNS, endocannabinoids tune synaptic function, thereby influencing a variety of physiological and behavioural processes. Extensive research conducted over the last few decades has considerably enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of the endocannabinoid system. It is now well-established that endocannabinoids are synthesized by postsynaptic neurons and serve as retrograde messengers that suppress neurotransmitter release at central synapses. While the detailed mechanisms by which endocannabinoids gate synaptic function and behavioural processes are relatively well characterized, the mechanisms governing endocannabinoid transport at central synapses remain ill defined. Recently, several studies have begun to unravel the mechanisms governing intracellular and intercellular endocannabinoid transport. In this review, we will focus on new advances in the mechanisms of intracellular and synaptic endocannabinoid transport in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaczocha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Samir Haj-Dahmane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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17
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Habib SM, Zwicker BL, Wykes L, Agellon LB. Sexually dimorphic response of mice to the Western-style diet caused by deficiency of fatty acid binding protein 6 (Fabp6). Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14733. [PMID: 33527741 PMCID: PMC7851434 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are natural detergents that aid in the absorption of dietary lipids. Fatty acid binding protein 6 (Fabp6) is a component of the bile acid recovery system that operates in the small intestine. The aim of this study was to determine if Fabp6 deficiency causes dietary fat malabsorption. Wild-type and Fabp6-deficient mice were fed a Western-style diet (WSD) or a reference low-fat diet (LFD) for 10 weeks. The body weight gain, bile acid excretion, fat excretion, energy metabolism, and major gut microbial phyla of the mice were assessed at the end of the controlled diet period. Fabp6-/- mice exhibited enhanced excretion of both bile acids and fat on the WSD but not on the LFD diet. Paradoxically, male Fabp6-/- mice, but not female Fabp6-/- mice, had greater adiposity despite increased fat excretion. Analysis of energy intake and of expenditure by indirect calorimetry revealed sex differences in physical activity level and respiratory quotient, but these did not account for the enhanced adiposity displayed by male Fabp6-/- mice. Analysis of stool DNA showed sex-specific changes in the abundance of major phyla of bacteria in response to Fabp6 deficiency and WSD feeding. The results obtained indicate that the malabsorption of bile acids that occurs in Fabp6-/- mice is associated with dietary fat malabsorption on the high-fat diet but not on the low-fat diet. The WSD induced a sexually dimorphic increase in adiposity displayed by Fabp6-/- mice and sexually distinct pattern of change in gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam M. Habib
- School of Human NutritionMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Brittnee L. Zwicker
- School of Human NutritionMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Present address:
McGill University Health CentreMontrealQCH4A 3J1Canada
| | - Linda Wykes
- School of Human NutritionMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
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18
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Jurek S, Sandhu MA, Trappe S, Bermúdez-Peña MC, Kolisek M, Sponder G, Aschenbach JR. Optimizing adipogenic transdifferentiation of bovine mesenchymal stem cells: a prominent role of ascorbic acid in FABP4 induction. Adipocyte 2020; 9:35-50. [PMID: 31996081 PMCID: PMC6999845 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1720480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation of bovine adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) was induced by foetal bovine serum (FBS), biotin, pantothenic acid, insulin, rosiglitazone, dexamethasone and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, followed by incubation in different media to test the influence of ascorbic acid (AsA), bovine serum lipids (BSL), FBS, glucose and acetic acid on transdifferentiation into functional adipocytes. Moreover, different culture plate coatings (collagen-A, gelatin-A or poly-L-lysine) were tested. The differentiated ASC were subjected to Nile red staining, DAPI staining, immunocytochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (for NT5E, THY1, ENG, PDGFRα, FABP4, PPARγ, LPL, FAS, GLUT4). Nile red quantification showed a significant increase in the development of lipid droplets in treatments with AsA and BSL without FBS. The presence of BSL induced a prominent increase in FABP4 mRNA abundance and in FABP4 immunofluorescence signals in coincubation with AsA. The abundance of NT5E, ENG and THY1 mRNA decreased or tended to decrease in the absence of FBS, and ENG was additionally suppressed by AsA. DAPI fluorescence was higher in cells cultured in poly-L-lysine or gelatin-A coated wells. In additional experiments, the multi-lineage differentiation potential to osteoblasts was verified in medium containing ß-glycerophosphate, dexamethasone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 using alizarin red staining. In conclusion, bovine ASC are capable of multi-lineage differentiation. Poly-L-lysine or gelatin-A coating, the absence of FBS, and the presence of BSL and AsA favour optimal transdifferentiation into adipocytes. AsA supports transdifferentiation via a unique role in FABP4 induction, but this is not linearly related to the primarily BSL-driven lipid accumulation. Abbreviations: AcA: acetic acid; AsA: ascorbic acid; ASC: adipose-derived stem cells; BSL: bovine serum lipids; DAPI: 4´,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DLK: delta like non-canonical notch ligand; DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; DPBS: Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline; ENG: endoglin; FABP: fatty acid binding protein; FAS: fatty acid synthase; GLUT4: glucose transporter type 4; IBMX: 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine; LPL: lipoprotein lipase; MSC: mesenchymal stem cells; α-MEM: α minimum essential medium; NT5E: ecto-5ʹ-nucleotidase; PDGFRα: platelet derived growth factor receptor α; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ; RPS19: ribosomal protein S19; SEM: standard error of the mean; THY1: Thy-1 cell surface antigen; TRT: treatment; TRT-Con: treatment negative control; YWHAZ: tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jurek
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mansur A. Sandhu
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Susanne Trappe
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Carmen Bermúdez-Peña
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Nursing Faculty, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Querétaro City, Mexico
| | - Martin Kolisek
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Neurosciences, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Gerhard Sponder
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg R. Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Paskevicius T, Jung J, Pujol M, Eggleton P, Qin W, Robinson A, Gutowski N, Holley J, Smallwood M, Newcombe J, Zochodne D, Chen XZ, Tang J, Kraus A, Michalak M, Agellon LB. The Fabp5/calnexin complex is a prerequisite for sensitization of mice to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. FASEB J 2020; 34:16662-16675. [PMID: 33124722 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001539rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that calnexin (Canx)-deficient mice are desensitized to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induction, a model that is frequently used to study inflammatory demyelinating diseases, due to increased resistance of the blood-brain barrier to immune cell transmigration. We also discovered that Fabp5, an abundant cytoplasmic lipid-binding protein found in brain endothelial cells, makes protein-protein contact with the cytoplasmic C-tail domain of Canx. Remarkably, both Canx-deficient and Fabp5-deficient mice commonly manifest resistance to EAE induction. Here, we evaluated the importance of Fabp5/Canx interactions on EAE pathogenesis and on the patency of a model blood-brain barrier to T-cell transcellular migration. The results demonstrate that formation of a complex comprised of Fabp5 and the C-tail domain of Canx dictates the permeability of the model blood-brain barrier to immune cells and is also a prerequisite for EAE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Myriam Pujol
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Eggleton
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Wenying Qin
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alison Robinson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nick Gutowski
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Janet Holley
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Miranda Smallwood
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jia Newcombe
- NeuroResource, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Douglas Zochodne
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Allison Kraus
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luis B Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
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20
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Nguyen HC, Qadura M, Singh KK. Role of the Fatty Acid Binding Proteins in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3390. [PMID: 33105856 PMCID: PMC7690604 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a global pandemic and leading cause of deaths worldwide. While several guidelines have been developed to control the development of CVDs, its prevalence keeps on increasing until this day. Cardiovascular risk factors, such as reduced exercises and high fat or glucose diets, culminate in the development of the metabolic syndrome and eventually atherosclerosis, which is driven by high blood lipid and cholesterol levels, and by endothelial dysfunction. Late complications of atherosclerosis give rise to serious clinical cardiovascular manifestations such as myocardial infarction and hypertension. Therefore, endothelial functions and the lipid metabolism play critical roles in the pathogenesis of CVDs. Fatty acid-binding proteins are a family of intracellular proteins expressed in many cell types known mainly for their interaction with and trafficking of cellular lipids. The roles of a number of isoforms in this family have been implicated in lipid metabolic homeostasis, but their influence on endothelial function and vascular homeostasis remain largely unknown. This review's purpose is to update fundamentals about the connection between cardiovascular disease, metabolism, endothelial function, and mainly the roles of fatty acid-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien C. Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Mohammad Qadura
- Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada;
| | - Krishna K. Singh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
- Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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21
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Frank MW, Yao J, Batte JL, Gullett JM, Subramanian C, Rosch JW, Rock CO. Host Fatty Acid Utilization by Staphylococcus aureus at the Infection Site. mBio 2020; 11:e00920-20. [PMID: 32430471 PMCID: PMC7240157 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00920-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus utilizes the fatty acid (FA) kinase system to activate exogenous FAs for membrane synthesis. We developed a lipidomics workflow to determine the membrane phosphatidylglycerol (PG) molecular species synthesized by S. aureus at the thigh infection site. Wild-type S. aureus utilizes both host palmitate and oleate to acylate the 1 position of PG, and the 2 position is occupied by pentadecanoic acid arising from de novo biosynthesis. Inactivation of FakB2 eliminates the ability to assimilate oleate and inactivation of FakB1 reduces the content of saturated FAs and enhances oleate utilization. Elimination of FA activation in either ΔfakA or ΔfakB1 ΔfakB2 mutants does not impact growth. All S. aureus strains recovered from the thigh have significantly reduced branched-chain FAs and increased even-chain FAs compared to that with growth in rich laboratory medium. The molecular species pattern observed in the thigh was reproduced in the laboratory by growth in isoleucine-deficient medium containing exogenous FAs. S. aureus utilizes specific host FAs for membrane biosynthesis but also requires de novo FA biosynthesis initiated by isoleucine (or leucine) to produce pentadecanoic acid.IMPORTANCE The shortage of antibiotics against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has led to the development of new drugs targeting the elongation cycle of fatty acid (FA) synthesis that are progressing toward the clinic. An objection to the use of FA synthesis inhibitors is that S. aureus can utilize exogenous FAs to construct its membrane, suggesting that the bacterium would bypass these therapeutics by utilizing host FAs instead. We developed a mass spectrometry workflow to determine the composition of the S. aureus membrane at the infection site to directly address how S. aureus uses host FAs. S. aureus strains that cannot acquire host FAs are as effective in establishing an infection as the wild type, but strains that require the utilization of host FAs for growth were attenuated in the mouse thigh infection model. We find that S. aureus does utilize host FAs to construct its membrane, but host FAs do not replace the requirement for pentadecanoic acid, a branched-chain FA derived from isoleucine (or leucine) that predominantly occupies the 2 position of S. aureus phospholipids. The membrane phospholipid structure of S. aureus mutants that cannot utilize host FAs indicates the isoleucine is a scarce resource at the infection site. This reliance on the de novo synthesis of predominantly pentadecanoic acid that cannot be obtained from the host is one reason why drugs that target fatty acid synthesis are effective in treating S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Frank
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jiangwei Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin L Batte
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica M Gullett
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jason W Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles O Rock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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22
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Singh A, Verma AK, Das P, Prakash S, Pramanik R, Nayak B, Datta Gupta S, Sreenivas V, Kumar L, Ahuja V, Makharia GK. Non-immunological biomarkers for assessment of villous abnormalities in patients with celiac disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:438-445. [PMID: 31498492 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Demonstration of villous abnormalities is an essential component of diagnosis of celiac disease (CeD) that requires duodenal biopsies. There is a need for non-invasive biomarker(s) that can predict the presence of villous abnormalities. METHODS Levels of plasma citrulline, plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), and serum regenerating gene 1α (Reg1α) were estimated in treatment naïve patients with CeD and controls. The levels of these biomarkers and their cyclical pattern were validated in a predicted model of enteropathy. Optimum diagnostic cut-off values were derived, and the results were further validated in a prospective validation cohort. RESULTS While level of plasma citrulline was significantly lower, the levels of plasma I-FABP and serum Reg1α were significantly higher in patients with CeD (n = 131) in comparison with healthy (n = 216) and disease controls (n = 133), and their levels reversed after a gluten-free diet (GFD). In the model of predicted enteropathy (n = 70), a sequential decrease and then increase in the level of plasma citrulline was observed; such a sequential change was not observed with I-FABP and Reg1α. The diagnostic accuracy for prediction of presence of villous abnormality was 89% and 78% if citrulline level was ≤ 30 μM/L and I-FABP levels were ≥ 1100 pg/mL, respectively. The results were validated in a prospective validation cohort (n = 104) with a sensitivity and specificity of 79.5% and 83.1%, respectively, for predicting villous abnormalities of modified Marsh grade > 2 at calculated cut-off values of citrulline and I-FABP. CONCLUSIONS Plasma citrulline ≤ 30 μM/L is the most consistent, highly reproducible non-invasive biomarker that can predict the presence of villous abnormality and has the potential for avoiding duodenal biopsies in 78% patients suspected to have CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil K Verma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Celiac Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Departments of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam Prakash
- Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raja Pramanik
- Department of Medical Oncology, BRA Rotary Cancer Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - B Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - V Sreenivas
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, BRA Rotary Cancer Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Govind K Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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23
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Abstract
Introduction: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disorder, which is caused by abnormalities in the DMD gene that encodes the membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Besides progressive skeletal muscle wasting, dystrophinopathy also affects non-skeletal muscle tissues, including cells in the cardio-respiratory system, the central nervous system, the liver and the kidney.Areas covered: This review summarizes the proteomic characterization of a key class of lipid chaperones, the large family of fatty acid binding proteins, and their potential role in muscular dystrophy. Recent proteomic surveys using animal models and patient specimens are reviewed. Pathobiochemical changes in specific proteoforms of fatty acid binding protein in the multi-system pathology of dystrophinopathy are discussed.Expert opinion: The mass spectrometric identification of distinct changes in fatty acid binding proteins in muscle, heart, liver, kidney and serum demonstrates that considerable alterations occur in key steps of metabolite transport and fat metabolism in muscular dystrophy. These new findings might be helpful to further develop a comprehensive biomarker signature of metabolic changes in X-linked muscular dystrophy, which should improve (i) our understanding of complex pathobiochemical changes due to dystrophin deficiency, (ii) the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and (iii) the design of differential diagnostic, prognostic and therapy-monitoring approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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24
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Foerster S, Guzman de la Fuente A, Kagawa Y, Bartels T, Owada Y, Franklin RJM. The fatty acid binding protein FABP7 is required for optimal oligodendrocyte differentiation during myelination but not during remyelination. Glia 2020; 68:1410-1420. [PMID: 32017258 PMCID: PMC7317849 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The major constituents of the myelin sheath are lipids, which are made up of fatty acids (FAs). The hydrophilic environment inside the cells requires FAs to be bound to proteins, preventing their aggregation. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are one class of proteins known to bind FAs in a cell. Given the crucial role of FAs for myelin sheath formation we investigated the role of FABP7, the major isoform expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), in developmental myelination and remyelination. Here, we show that the knockdown of Fabp7 resulted in a reduction of OPC differentiation in vitro. Consistent with this result, a delay in developmental myelination was observed in Fabp7 knockout animals. This delay was transient with full myelination being established before adulthood. FABP7 was dispensable for remyelination, as the knockout of Fapb7 did not alter remyelination efficiency in a focal demyelination model. In summary, while FABP7 is important in OPC differentiation in vitro, its function is not crucial for myelination and remyelination in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Foerster
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alerie Guzman de la Fuente
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Theresa Bartels
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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25
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Walenna NF, Kurihara Y, Chou B, Ishii K, Soejima T, Hiromatsu K. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress causes fatty acid-binding protein 4 secretion in murine adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2713-2723. [PMID: 31992597 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is predominantly expressed in adipocytes and macrophages and regulates metabolic and inflammatory pathways. FABP4 is secreted from adipocytes during lipolysis, and elevated circulating FABP4 levels are associated with obesity, metabolic disease, and cardiac dysfunction. We previously reported that the bacterial respiratory pathogen Chlamydia pneumoniae infects murine adipocytes and exploits host FABP4 to mobilize fat and replicate within adipocytes. However, whether C. pneumoniae induces FABP4 secretion from adipocytes has not been determined. Here, we show that FABP4 is actively secreted by murine adipocytes upon C. pneumoniae infection. Chemical inhibition of lipase activity and genetic deficiency of hormone-sensitive lipase blocked FABP4 secretion from C. pneumoniae-infected adipocytes. Mechanistically, C. pneumoniae infection induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), resulting in elevated levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and cytosolic Ca2+ Of note, exposure to a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-specific scavenger, MitoTEMPO, reduced FABP4 release from C. pneumoniae-infected adipocytes. Furthermore, treatment with azoramide, which protects cells against ER stress, decreased FABP4 release from C. pneumoniae-infected adipocytes. Using gene silencing of CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein), a central regulator of ER stress, we further validated the role of C. pneumoniae infection-induced ER stress/UPR in promoting FABP4 secretion. Overall, these results indicate that C. pneumoniae infection robustly induces FABP4 secretion from adipocytes by stimulating ER stress/UPR. Our findings shed additional light on the etiological link between C. pneumoniae infection and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirwana Fitriani Walenna
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurihara
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Bin Chou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ishii
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Toshinori Soejima
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kenji Hiromatsu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
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26
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Apaya MK, Hsiao PW, Yang YC, Shyur LF. Deregulating the CYP2C19/Epoxy-Eicosatrienoic Acid-Associated FABP4/FABP5 Signaling Network as a Therapeutic Approach for Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E199. [PMID: 31941087 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence and metastasis are the main causes of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mortality. On the basis of our clinical cohorts and integrative omics analyses, we hypothesized that understanding the interplay between fatty acid binding protein (FABP) and epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid (EET) driven metastatic progression can uncover a new opportunity for TNBC intervention. In this study, the biological relevance of increased protein expression of CYP2C19, FABP4, and FABP5 in TNBC tumors and in the TNBC cell line (MDA-MB-231), as well as its highly metastatic lung seeking variant (LM6) were delineated from publicly available datasets, shRNA-mediated knockdown, EET supplementation, cancer and stromal cell co-cultures, and an orthotopic and resection xenograft tumor mouse model. We found that the high expression levels of CYP2C19 and FABP4 and FABP5 are critical in TNBC metastatic transformation and stromal cell interactions. Furthermore, EET-associated nuclear translocation of FABP4 and FABP5 and nuclear accumulation of SREBP-2 or PPAR-γ influence TNBC cell proliferation, migratory transformation, and distal metastasis priming. Most notably, we uncovered novel bioefficacy and modes of action of the anticancer drug doxorubicin and a phytogalactolipid, 1,2-di-O-α-linolenoyl-3-O-β-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (dLGG), which effectively attenuated TNBC recurrence and lung metastasis through deregulating the FABP/EET dynamics and levels. This study, therefore, introduces a novel approach to combating TNBC by targeting the FABP/EET/CYP-associated metastatic signaling network.
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27
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Toor RH, Khan ZN, Tariq M, Tassaduq R, Gardner QUAA, Waheed-uz-Zaman, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS, Shakoori AR. Bioactivity-Guided Isolation and Identification of Anti-adipogenic Constituents from the n-Butanol Fraction of Cissus quadrangularis. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2020; 30:519-541. [PMID: 33463919 PMCID: PMC8650164 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2020036843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is marked by the buildup of fat in adipose tissue that increases body weight and the risk of many associated health problems, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Treatment options for obesity are limited, and available medications have many side effects. Thus there is a great need to find alternative medicines for treating obesity. This study explores the anti-adipogenic potential of the n-butanol fraction of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ-B) on 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocyte cell line. The expression of various lipogenic marker genes such as adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, leptin, fatty acid-binding proteins, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, fetal alcohol syndrome, steroyl-CoA desaturase-1, lipoproteins, acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta were variously significantly downregulated. After establishing the anti-adipogenic potential of CQ-B, it was fractionated to isolate anti-adipogenic compounds. We observed significant reduction in neutral lipid content of differentiated cells treated with various fractions of CQ-B. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of thirteen compounds with reported anti-adipogenic activities. Further studies to purify these compounds can offer efficacious and viable treatment options for obesity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabail Hassan Toor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Nasir Khan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maira Tariq
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Raazia Tassaduq
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Waheed-uz-Zaman
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jane B. Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Janet L. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Abdul Rauf Shakoori
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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28
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Hu S, Offenbacher AR, Lu ED, Klinman JP. Comparative kinetic isotope effects on first- and second-order rate constants of soybean lipoxygenase variants uncover a substrate-binding network. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18069-18076. [PMID: 31624150 PMCID: PMC6885649 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases are widespread enzymes found in virtually all eukaryotes, including fungi, and, more recently, in prokaryotes. These enzymes act on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates (C18 to C20), raising questions regarding how the substrate threads its way from solvent to the active site. Herein, we report a comparison of the temperature dependence of isotope effects on first- and second-order rate constants among single-site variants of the prototypic plant enzyme soybean lipoxygenase-1 substituted at amino acid residues inferred to impact substrate binding. We created 10 protein variants including four amino acid positions, Val-750, Ile-552, Ile-839, and Trp-500, located within a previously proposed substrate portal. The conversion of these bulky hydrophobic side chains to smaller side chains is concluded to increase the mobility of flanking helices, giving rise to increased off rates for substrate dissociation from the enzyme. In this manner, we identified a specific "binding network" that can regulate movement of the substrate from the solvent to the active site. Taken together with our previous findings on C-H and O2 activation of soybean lipoxygenase-1, these results support the emergence of multiple complementary networks within a single protein scaffold that modulate different steps along the enzymatic reaction coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenshen Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Adam R Offenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858
| | - Edbert D Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Judith P Klinman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.
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29
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Xu H, Gajda AM, Zhou YX, Panetta C, Sifnakis Z, Fatima A, Henderson GC, Storch J. Muscle metabolic reprogramming underlies the resistance of liver fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP)-null mice to high-fat feeding-induced decline in exercise capacity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15358-15372. [PMID: 31451493 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP) binds long-chain fatty acids with high affinity and is abundantly expressed in the liver and small intestine. Although LFABP is thought to function in intracellular lipid trafficking, studies of LFABP-null (LFABP-/-) mice have also indicated a role in regulating systemic energy homeostasis. We and others have reported that LFABP-/- mice become more obese than wildtype (WT) mice upon high-fat feeding. Here, we show that despite increased body weight and fat mass, LFABP-/- mice are protected from a high-fat feeding-induced decline in exercise capacity, displaying an approximate doubling of running distance compared with WT mice. To understand this surprising exercise phenotype, we focused on metabolic alterations in the skeletal muscle due to LFABP ablation. Compared with WT mice, resting skeletal muscle of LFABP-/- mice had higher glycogen and intramuscular triglyceride levels as well as an increased fatty acid oxidation rate and greater mitochondrial enzyme activities, suggesting higher substrate availability and substrate utilization capacity. Dynamic changes in the respiratory exchange ratio during exercise indicated that LFABP-/- mice use more carbohydrate in the beginning of an exercise period and then switch to using lipids preferentially in the later stage. Consistently, LFABP-/- mice exhibited a greater decrease in muscle glycogen stores during exercise and elevated circulating free fatty acid levels postexercise. We conclude that, because LFABP is not expressed in muscle, its ablation appears to promote interorgan signaling that alters muscle substrate levels and metabolism, thereby contributing to the prevention of high-fat feeding-induced skeletal muscle impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Xu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Angela M Gajda
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Yin Xiu Zhou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Cristina Panetta
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Zoe Sifnakis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Anam Fatima
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Gregory C Henderson
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901.,Department of Exercise Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 .,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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30
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Kwong SC, Jamil AHA, Rhodes A, Taib NA, Chung I. Metabolic role of fatty acid binding protein 7 in mediating triple-negative breast cancer cell death via PPAR-α signaling. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1807-1817. [PMID: 31484694 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m092379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, partly due to the lack of targeted therapy available. Cancer cells heavily reprogram their metabolism and acquire metabolic plasticity to satisfy the high-energy demand due to uncontrolled proliferation. Accumulating evidence shows that deregulated lipid metabolism affects cancer cell survival, and therefore we sought to understand the function of fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7), which is expressed predominantly in TNBC tissues. As FABP7 was not detected in the TNBC cell lines tested, Hs578T and MDA-MB-231 cells were transduced with lentiviral particles containing either FABP7 open reading frame or red fluorescent protein. During serum starvation, when lipids were significantly reduced, FABP7 decreased the viability of Hs578T, but not of MDA-MB-231, cells. FABP7-overexpressing Hs578T (Hs-FABP7) cells failed to efficiently utilize other available bioenergetic substrates such as glucose to sustain ATP production, which led to S/G2 phase arrest and cell death. We further showed that this metabolic phenotype was mediated by PPAR-α signaling, despite the lack of fatty acids in culture media, as Hs-FABP7 cells attempted to survive. This study provides imperative evidence of metabolic vulnerabilities driven by FABP7 via PPAR-α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soke Chee Kwong
- Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Anthony Rhodes
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Taib
- Surgery Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .,University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ibáñez-Shimabukuro M, Rey-Burusco MF, Gabrielsen M, Franchini GR, Riboldi-Tunnicliffe A, Roe AJ, Griffiths K, Cooper A, Córsico B, Kennedy MW, Smith BO. Structure and ligand binding of As-p18, an extracellular fatty acid binding protein from the eggs of a parasitic nematode. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20191292. [PMID: 31273060 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20191292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular lipid-binding proteins (iLBPs) of the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) family of animals transport, mainly fatty acids or retinoids, are confined to the cytosol and have highly similar 3D structures. In contrast, nematodes possess fatty acid-binding proteins (nemFABPs) that are secreted into the perivitelline fluid surrounding their developing embryos. We report structures of As-p18, a nemFABP of the large intestinal roundworm Ascaris suum, with ligand bound, determined using X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In common with other FABPs, As-p18 comprises a ten β-strand barrel capped by two short α-helices, with the carboxylate head group of oleate tethered in the interior of the protein. However, As-p18 exhibits two distinctive longer loops amongst β-strands not previously seen in a FABP. One of these is adjacent to the presumed ligand entry portal, so it may help to target the protein for efficient loading or unloading of ligand. The second, larger loop is at the opposite end of the molecule and has no equivalent in any iLBP structure yet determined. As-p18 preferentially binds a single 18-carbon fatty acid ligand in its central cavity but in an orientation that differs from iLBPs. The unusual structural features of nemFABPs may relate to resourcing of developing embryos of nematodes.
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Guo Y, Duan M, Yang M. The Observation of Ligand-Binding-Relevant Open States of Fatty Acid Binding Protein by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and a Markov State Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3476. [PMID: 31311155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the fatty acids transporter family, the heart fatty acid binding proteins (HFABPs) are responsible for many important biological activities. The binding mechanism of fatty acid with FABP is critical to the understanding of FABP functions. The uncovering of binding-relevant intermediate states and interactions would greatly increase our knowledge of the binding process. In this work, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to characterize the structural properties of nativelike intermediate states. Based on multiple 6 μs MD simulations and Markov state model (MSM) analysis, several "open" intermediate states were observed. The transition rates between these states and the native closed state are in good agreement with the experimental measurements, which indicates that these intermediate states are binding relevant. As a common property in the open states, the partially unfolded α2 helix generates a larger portal and provides the driving force to facilitate ligand binding. On the other side, there are two kinds of open states for the ligand-binding HFABP: one has the partially unfolded α2 helix, and the other has the looser β-barrel with disjointing βD-βE strands. Our results provide atomic-level descriptions of the binding-relevant intermediate states and could improve our understanding of the binding mechanism.
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Salvia R, Grimaldi A, Girardello R, Scieuzo C, Scala A, Bufo SA, Vogel H, Falabella P. Aphidius ervi Teratocytes Release Enolase and Fatty Acid Binding Protein Through Exosomal Vesicles. Front Physiol 2019; 10:715. [PMID: 31275155 PMCID: PMC6593151 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular bases of the host-parasitoid interactions in the biological system Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera, Aphididae) and Aphidius ervi (Haliday) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) have been elucidated allowing the identification of a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, the active component of maternal venom secretion, and teratocytes, the embryonic parasitic factors responsible for host physiology regulation after parasitization. Teratocytes, cells deriving from the dissociation of the serosa, the parasitoid embryonic membrane, are responsible for extra-oral digestion of host tissues in order to provide a suitable nutritional environment for the development of parasitoid larvae. Teratocytes rapidly grow in size without undergoing any cell division, synthesize, and release in the host hemolymph two proteins: a fatty acid binding protein (Ae-FABP) and an enolase (Ae-ENO). Ae-FABP is involved in transport of fatty acids deriving from host tissues to the parasitoid larva. Ae-ENO is an extracellular glycolytic enzyme that functions as a plasminogen like receptor inducing its activation to plasmin. Both Ae-FABP and Ae-ENO lack their signal peptides, and they are released in the extracellular environment through an unknown secretion pathway. Here, we investigated the unconventional mechanism by which teratocytes release Ae-FABP and Ae-ENO in the extracellular space. Our results, obtained using immunogold staining coupled with TEM and western blot analyses, show that these two proteins are localized in vesicles released by teratocytes. The specific dimension of these vesicles and the immunodetection of ALIX and HSP70, two exosome markers, strongly support the hypothesis that these vesicles are exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Rossana Girardello
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Carmen Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Scala
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Sabino A. Bufo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management & Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Falomir-Lockhart LJ, Cavazzutti GF, Giménez E, Toscani AM. Fatty Acid Signaling Mechanisms in Neural Cells: Fatty Acid Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:162. [PMID: 31105530 PMCID: PMC6491900 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are typically associated with structural and metabolic roles, as they can be stored as triglycerides, degraded by β-oxidation or used in phospholipids’ synthesis, the main components of biological membranes. It has been shown that these lipids exhibit also regulatory functions in different cell types. FAs can serve as secondary messengers, as well as modulators of enzymatic activities and substrates for cytokines synthesis. More recently, it has been documented a direct activity of free FAs as ligands of membrane, cytosolic, and nuclear receptors, and cumulative evidence has emerged, demonstrating its participation in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions. It has been long known that the central nervous system is enriched with poly-unsaturated FAs, such as arachidonic (C20:4ω-6) or docosohexaenoic (C22:6ω-3) acids. These lipids participate in the regulation of membrane fluidity, axonal growth, development, memory, and inflammatory response. Furthermore, a whole family of low molecular weight compounds derived from FAs has also gained special attention as the natural ligands for cannabinoid receptors or key cytokines involved in inflammation, largely expanding the role of FAs as precursors of signaling molecules. Nutritional deficiencies, and alterations in lipid metabolism and lipid signaling have been associated with developmental and cognitive problems, as well as with neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular mechanism behind these effects still remains elusive. But in the last two decades, different families of proteins have been characterized as receptors mediating FAs signaling. This review focuses on different receptors sensing and transducing free FAs signals in neural cells: (1) membrane receptors of the family of G Protein Coupled Receptors known as Free Fatty Acid Receptors (FFARs); (2) cytosolic transport Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins (FABPs); and (3) transcription factors Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs). We discuss how these proteins modulate and mediate direct regulatory functions of free FAs in neural cells. Finally, we briefly discuss the advantages of evaluating them as potential targets for drug design in order to manipulate lipid signaling. A thorough characterization of lipid receptors of the nervous system could provide a framework for a better understanding of their roles in neurophysiology and, potentially, help for the development of novel drugs against aging and neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Jorge Falomir-Lockhart
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gian Franco Cavazzutti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Martín Toscani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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Ayyappan P, Harms RZ, Buckner JH, Sarvetnick NE. Coordinated Induction of Antimicrobial Response Factors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:658. [PMID: 31019506 PMCID: PMC6458289 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by dysregulated autoantibody production and complement activation leading to multi-organ damage. The disease is associated with increased intestinal permeability. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SLE subjects have increased systemic exposure to bacteria. Since bacteria induce the expression of antimicrobial response factors (ARFs), we measured the levels of a series of clinically relevant ARFs in the plasma of SLE subjects. We found that levels of sCD14, lysozyme, and CXCL16 were significantly elevated in SLE subjects. A strong positive correlation was also observed between sCD14 and SELENA-SLEDAI score. Interestingly, the ratio of EndoCAb IgM:total IgM was significantly decreased in SLE and this ratio was negatively correlated with sCD14 levels. Although, there were no significant differences in the levels of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2), we observed significant positive correlations between lysozyme levels and sCD14, LBP, and FABP2. Moreover, galectin-3 levels also positively correlate with lysozyme, sCD14, and LBP. Since our SLE cohort comprised 43.33% males, we were able to identify gender-specific changes in the levels of ARFs. Overall, these changes in the levels and relationships between ARFs link microbial exposure and SLE. Approaches to reduce microbial exposure or to improve barrier function may provide therapeutic strategies for SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathapan Ayyappan
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Robert Z. Harms
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jane H. Buckner
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nora E. Sarvetnick
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Clemente-Postigo M, Oliva-Olivera W, Coin-Aragüez L, Ramos-Molina B, Giraldez-Perez RM, Lhamyani S, Alcaide-Torres J, Perez-Martinez P, El Bekay R, Cardona F, Tinahones FJ. Metabolic endotoxemia promotes adipose dysfunction and inflammation in human obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E319-E332. [PMID: 30422702 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00277.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impaired adipose tissue (AT) lipid handling and inflammation is associated with obesity-related metabolic diseases. Circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from gut microbiota (metabolic endotoxemia), proposed as a triggering factor for the low-grade inflammation in obesity, might also be responsible for AT dysfunction. Nevertheless, this hypothesis has not been explored in human obesity. To analyze the relationship between metabolic endotoxemia and AT markers for lipogenesis, lipid handling, and inflammation in human obesity, 33 patients with obesity scheduled for surgery were recruited and classified according to their LPS levels. Visceral and subcutaneous AT gene and protein expression were analyzed and adipocyte and AT in vitro assays performed. Subjects with obesity with a high degree of metabolic endotoxemia had lower expression of key genes for AT function and lipogenesis ( SREBP1, FABP4, FASN, and LEP) but higher expression of inflammatory genes in visceral and subcutaneous AT than subjects with low LPS levels. In vitro experiments corroborated that LPS are responsible for adipocyte and AT inflammation and downregulation of PPARG, SCD, FABP4, and LEP expression and LEP secretion. Thus, metabolic endotoxemia influences AT physiology in human obesity by decreasing the expression of factors involved in AT lipid handling and function as well as by increasing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Clemente-Postigo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria/Universidad de Málaga. Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
| | - Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria/Universidad de Málaga. Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
| | - Leticia Coin-Aragüez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria/Universidad de Málaga. Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria/Universidad de Málaga. Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
| | - Rosa María Giraldez-Perez
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Málaga , Spain
| | - Said Lhamyani
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario/Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain
| | - Juan Alcaide-Torres
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria/Universidad de Málaga. Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba , Cordoba , Spain
| | - Rajaa El Bekay
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario/Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain
| | - Fernando Cardona
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria/Universidad de Málaga. Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria/Universidad de Málaga. Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Málaga , Spain
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Ramos-Benitez MJ, Ruiz-Jimenez C, Rosado-Franco JJ, Ramos-Pérez WD, Mendez LB, Osuna A, Espino AM. Fh15 Blocks the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokine Storm While Modulating Peritoneal Macrophage Migration and CD38 Expression within Spleen Macrophages in a Mouse Model of Septic Shock. mSphere 2018; 3:e00548-18. [PMID: 30567900 PMCID: PMC6300687 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00548-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacteria is the consequence of an unrestrained infection that continuously releases lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the bloodstream, which triggers an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response leading to multiorgan failure and death. After scrutinizing the immune modulation exerted by a recombinant Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein termed Fh15, our group demonstrated that addition of Fh15 to murine macrophages 1 h prior to LPS stimulation significantly suppresses the expression of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL1-β). The present study aimed to demonstrate that Fh15 could exert a similar anti-inflammatory effect in vivo using a mouse model of septic shock. Among the novel findings reported in this article, (i) Fh15 suppressed numerous serum proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines when injected intraperitoneally 1 h after exposure of animals to lethal doses of LPS, (ii) concurrently, Fh15 increased the population of large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs) in the peritoneal cavity (PerC) of LPS-injected animals, and (iii) Fh15 downregulated the expression on spleen macrophages of CD38, a cell surface ectoenzyme with a critical role during inflammation. These findings present the first evidence that the recombinant parasitic antigen Fh15 is an excellent modulator of the PerC cell content and in vivo macrophage activation, endorsing Fh15's potential as a drug candidate against sepsis-related inflammatory response.IMPORTANCE Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening complication of an infection. Sepsis is mostly the consequence of systemic bacterial infections leading to exacerbated activation of immune cells by bacterial products, resulting in enhanced release of inflammatory mediators. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of sepsis, which is sensed by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The scientific community highly pursues the development of antagonists capable of blocking the cytokine storm by blocking TLR4. We report here that a recombinant molecule of 14.5 kDa belonging to the Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein (Fh15) is capable of significantly suppressing the LPS-induced cytokine storm in a mouse model of septic shock when administered by the intraperitoneal route 1 h after a lethal LPS injection. These results suggest that Fh15 is an excellent candidate for drug development against endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos J Ramos-Benitez
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Microbiology, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Caleb Ruiz-Jimenez
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Microbiology, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jose J Rosado-Franco
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Microbiology, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Willy D Ramos-Pérez
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Microbiology, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Loyda B Mendez
- School of Science & Technology Universidad del Este, Carolina, Puerto Rico
| | - Antonio Osuna
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Grupo de Bioquimica y Parasitología Molecular, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M Espino
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Microbiology, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Cuypers MG, Subramanian C, Gullett JM, Frank MW, White SW, Rock CO. Acyl-chain selectivity and physiological roles of Staphylococcus aureus fatty acid-binding proteins. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:38-49. [PMID: 30429218 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) kinase produces acyl-phosphate for the synthesis of membrane phospholipids in Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. FA kinase consists of a kinase protein (FakA) that phosphorylates an FA substrate bound to a second module, an FA-binding protein (FakB). Staphylococcus aureus expresses two distinct, but related, FakBs with different FA selectivities. Here, we report the structures of FakB1 bound to four saturated FAs at 1.6-1.93 Å resolution. We observed that the different FA structures are accommodated within a slightly curved hydrophobic cavity whose length is governed by the conformation of an isoleucine side chain at the end of the tunnel. The hydrophobic tunnel in FakB1 prevents the binding of cis-unsaturated FAs, which are instead accommodated by the kinked tunnel within the FakB2 protein. The differences in the FakB interiors are not propagated to the proteins' surfaces, preserving the protein-protein interactions with their three common partners, FakA, PlsX, and PlsY. Using cellular thermal shift analyses, we found that FakB1 binds FA in vivo, whereas a significant proportion of FakB2 does not. Incorporation of exogenous FA into phospholipid in ΔfakB1 and ΔfakB2 S. aureus knockout strains revealed that FakB1 does not efficiently activate unsaturated FAs. FakB2 preferred unsaturated FAs, but also allowed the incorporation of saturated FAs. These results are consistent with a model in which FakB1 primarily functions in the recycling of the saturated FAs produced by S. aureus metabolism, whereas FakB2 activates host-derived oleate, which S. aureus does not produce but is abundant at infection sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime G Cuypers
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Jessica M Gullett
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Matthew W Frank
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Stephen W White
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Charles O Rock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105.
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Charles KN, Li MD, Engin F, Arruda AP, Inouye K, Hotamisligil GS. Uncoupling of Metabolic Health from Longevity through Genetic Alteration of Adipose Tissue Lipid-Binding Proteins. Cell Rep 2018; 21:393-402. [PMID: 29020626 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deterioration of metabolic health is a hallmark of aging and generally assumed to be detrimental to longevity. Exposure to a high-calorie diet impairs metabolism and accelerates aging; conversely, calorie restriction (CR) prevents age-related metabolic diseases and extends lifespan. However, it is unclear whether preservation of metabolic health is sufficient to extend lifespan. We utilized a genetic mouse model lacking Fabp4/5 that confers protection against metabolic diseases and shares molecular and lipidomic features with CR to address this question. Fabp-deficient mice exhibit extended metabolic healthspan, with protection against insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, inflammation, deterioration of adipose tissue integrity, and fatty liver disease. Surprisingly, however, Fabp-deficient mice did not exhibit any extension of lifespan. These data indicate that extension of metabolic healthspan in the absence of CR can be uncoupled from lifespan, indicating the potential for independent drivers of these pathways, at least in laboratory mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanichi N Charles
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Min-Dian Li
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feyza Engin
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana Paula Arruda
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karen Inouye
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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40
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Ding M, Shi JY, Xing YZ, Sun B, Fang QH, Zhang JY, Zhang QM, Chen LM, Yu DM, Li CJ. Serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein levels are associated with peripheral arterial disease in women, but not men, with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes 2018; 10:478-486. [PMID: 28303680 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) has been recognized as an important player in macrophage cholesterol trafficking and inflammation, and may promote the development of atherosclerosis. To further elucidate the role of A-FABP in atherosclerosis in diabetes, we investigated the relationship between serum A-FABP concentrations and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS In all, 488 inpatients with T2DM were enrolled in the study (254 men, 234 women; mean (±SD) age 57.3 ± 13.0 years). The severity of peripheral arterial stenosis was assessed by ultrasound examination. Serum A-FABP concentrations were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Serum A-FABP concentrations were significantly higher in patients with than without PAD (8.0 ± 3.3 vs 6.2 ± 1.6 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.05). Interestingly, there was an obvious gender-related difference in PAD patients with T2DM, with the stenosis rate being higher for female than male T2DM patients in the third A-FABP tertile. Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum A-FABP concentrations were an independent risk factor for PAD in female T2DM patients (odds ratio 1.890, 95% confidence interval 1.041-3.432; P = 0.036), but not in male T2DM patients. Correlation analyses revealed that A-FABP concentrations were correlated with body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure, urinary microalbumin, and serum creatinine in male patients, and with BMI, duration of T2DM, fasting blood glucose, and serum creatinine in female patients. CONCLUSIONS Serum A-FABP concentrations are closely associated with PAD in Chinese women with T2DM. The study findings suggest that A-FABP may be a more specific marker of PAD in diabetic women than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ding
- Endocrinology Department, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Ying Shi
- Endocrinology Department, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Xing
- Endocrinology Department, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Endocrinology Department, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian-Hua Fang
- Endocrinology Department, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Yun Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiu-Mei Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Ming Chen
- Endocrinology Department, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - De-Min Yu
- Endocrinology Department, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Jun Li
- Endocrinology Department, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Bogdan D, Falcone J, Kanjiya MP, Park SH, Carbonetti G, Studholme K, Gomez M, Lu Y, Elmes MW, Smietalo N, Yan S, Ojima I, Puopolo M, Kaczocha M. Fatty acid-binding protein 5 controls microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) induction during inflammation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5295-5306. [PMID: 29440395 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are intracellular lipid carriers that regulate inflammation, and pharmacological inhibition of FABP5 reduces inflammation and pain. The mechanism(s) underlying the anti-inflammatory effects associated with FABP5 inhibition is poorly understood. Herein, we identify a novel mechanism through which FABP5 modulates inflammation. In mice, intraplantar injection of carrageenan induces acute inflammation that is accompanied by edema, enhanced pain sensitivity, and elevations in proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Inhibition of FABP5 reduced pain, edema, cytokine, and PGE2 levels. PGE2 is a major eicosanoid that enhances pain in the setting of inflammation, and we focused on the mechanism(s) through which FABP5 modulates PGE2 production. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) are enzymes up-regulated at the site of inflammation and account for the bulk of PGE2 biosynthesis. Pharmacological or genetic FABP5 inhibition suppressed the induction of mPGES-1 but not COX-2 in carrageenan-injected paws, which occurred predominantly in macrophages. The cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) is a major inducer of mPGES-1 during inflammation. Using A549 cells that express FABP5, IL-1β stimulation up-regulated mPGES-1 expression, and mPGES-1 induction was attenuated in A549 cells bearing a knockdown of FABP5. IL-1β up-regulates mPGES-1 via NF-κB, which activates the mPGES-1 promoter. Knockdown of FABP5 reduced the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB and attenuated mPGES-1 promoter activity. Deletion of NF-κB-binding sites within the mPGES-1 promoter abrogated the ability of FABP5 to inhibit mPGES-1 promoter activation. Collectively, these results position FABP5 as a novel regulator of mPGES-1 induction and PGE2 biosynthesis during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gregory Carbonetti
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | | | | | - Yong Lu
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology
| | - Matthew W Elmes
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | | | - Su Yan
- Chemistry.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, and
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Chemistry.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, and
| | | | - Martin Kaczocha
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, .,Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, and
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42
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Bove R, Healy BC, Musallam A, Soltany P, Diaz-Cruz C, Sattarnezhad N, Glanz BI, Kivisäkk P, Miller KK, Chitnis T. Fatty acid binding protein-4 is associated with disability in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 2018; 25:344-351. [PMID: 29320952 DOI: 10.1177/1352458517750768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased adiposity is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) and is associated with increased disability scores. Adipokines may mediate the effects of adiposity on MS disease course. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to examine the association between the adipokines (leptin and fatty acid binding protein-4, FABP4) and clinical course in individuals with MS. METHODS Subjects (18-65 years) with relapsing-remitting MS or clinically isolated syndrome and <10 year disease duration were selected from a longitudinal clinical study. Cross-sectional and longitudinal models assessed the relationship between two adipokines (leptin and FABP4) and disease severity in women and men, adjusting for age, disease duration and disease type, Vitamin D level, testosterone level, and as well by body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Mean age of subjects ( N = 163, 56% women) was 39.3 years. Higher FABP4 levels were associated with higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores in women in both univariate and multivariate analyses (odds ratio: 1.30; p = 0.005). In men, higher FABP4 level was significantly associated with change in EDSS over time (estimate: 0.0062; p = 0.035). We found no association of FABP4 levels with time to next relapse or a measure of processing speed. CONCLUSION FABP4 levels may be associated with increased disability in both men and women with MS independent of effects of BMI and other hormones. Future studies should expand these analyses and further explore downstream mechanisms of adiposity-related effects in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley Bove
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA/ Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brain C Healy
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA/Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA/Massachusetts General Hospital's Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Musallam
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pejvak Soltany
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camilo Diaz-Cruz
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neda Sattarnezhad
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bonnie I Glanz
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA/ Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pia Kivisäkk
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA/Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen K Miller
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA/Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA/ Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Darwiche R, El Atab O, Baroni RM, Teixeira PJPL, Mondego JMC, Pereira GAG, Schneiter R. Plant pathogenesis-related proteins of the cacao fungal pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa differ in their lipid-binding specificities. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20558-20569. [PMID: 29042440 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moniliophthora perniciosa is the causative agent of witches' broom disease, which devastates cacao cultures in South America. This pathogenic fungus infects meristematic tissues and derives nutrients from the plant apoplast during an unusually long-lasting biotrophic stage. To survive, the fungus produces proteins to suppress the plant immune response. Proteins of the PR-1 (pathogenesis-related 1)/CAP superfamily have been implicated in fungal virulence and immune suppression. The genome of M. perniciosa encodes 11 homologues of plant PR-1 proteins, designated MpPR-1 proteins, but their precise mode of action is poorly understood. In this study, we expressed MpPR-1 proteins in a yeast model lacking endogenous CAP proteins. We show that some members of the MpPR-1 family bind and promote secretion of sterols, whereas others bind and promote secretion of fatty acids. Lipid binding by purified MpPR-1 occurs with micromolar affinity and is saturable in vitro Sterol binding by MpPR-1 requires the presence of a flexible loop region containing aromatic amino acids, the caveolin-binding motif. Remarkably, MpPR-1 family members that do not bind sterols can be converted to sterol binders by a single point mutation in the caveolin-binding motif. We discuss the possible implications of the lipid-binding activity of MpPR-1 family members with regard to the mode of action of these proteins during M. perniciosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Darwiche
- From the Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ola El Atab
- From the Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Renata M Baroni
- the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil, and.,the Laboratório de Genética e Expressão, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo J P L Teixeira
- the Laboratório de Genética e Expressão, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Jorge M C Mondego
- the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil, and
| | - Gonçalo A G Pereira
- the Laboratório de Genética e Expressão, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Roger Schneiter
- From the Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland,
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44
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Hunter NH, Bakula BC, Bruce CD. Molecular dynamics simulations of apo and holo forms of fatty acid binding protein 5 and cellular retinoic acid binding protein II reveal highly mobile protein, retinoic acid ligand, and water molecules. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:1893-1907. [PMID: 28566049 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1337591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural and dynamic properties from a series of 300 ns molecular dynamics, MD, simulations of two intracellular lipid binding proteins, iLBPs, (Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5, FABP5, and Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein II, CRABP-II) in both the apo form and when bound with retinoic acid reveal a high degree of protein and ligand flexibility. The ratio of FABP5 to CRABP-II in a cell may determine whether it undergoes natural apoptosis or unrestricted cell growth in the presence of retinoic acid. As a result, FABP5 is a promising target for cancer therapy. The MD simulations presented here reveal distinct differences in the two proteins and provide insight into the binding mechanism. CRABP-II is a much larger, more flexible protein that closes upon ligand binding, where FABP5 transitions to an open state in the holo form. The traditional understanding obtained from crystal structures of the gap between two β-sheets of the β-barrel common to iLBPs and the α-helix cap that forms the portal to the binding pocket is insufficient for describing protein conformation (open vs. closed) or ligand entry and exit. When the high degree of mobility between multiple conformations of both the ligand and protein are examined via MD simulation, a new mode of ligand motion that improves understanding of binding dynamics is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael H Hunter
- a Department of Chemistry , John Carroll University , University Heights , OH , USA
| | - Blair C Bakula
- a Department of Chemistry , John Carroll University , University Heights , OH , USA
| | - Chrystal D Bruce
- a Department of Chemistry , John Carroll University , University Heights , OH , USA
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45
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Darwiche R, Mène-Saffrané L, Gfeller D, Asojo OA, Schneiter R. The pathogen-related yeast protein Pry1, a member of the CAP protein superfamily, is a fatty acid-binding protein. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8304-8314. [PMID: 28365570 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.781880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the CAP superfamily (cysteine-rich secretory proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1 proteins), also known as SCP superfamily (sperm-coating proteins), have been implicated in many physiological processes, including immune defenses, venom toxicity, and sperm maturation. Their mode of action, however, remains poorly understood. Three proteins of the CAP superfamily, Pry1, -2, and -3 (pathogen related in yeast), are encoded in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. We have shown previously that Pry1 binds cholesterol in vitro and that Pry function is required for sterol secretion in yeast cells, indicating that members of this superfamily may generally bind sterols or related small hydrophobic compounds. On the other hand, tablysin-15, a CAP protein from the horsefly Tabanus yao, has been shown to bind leukotrienes and free fatty acids in vitro Therefore, here we assessed whether the yeast Pry1 protein binds fatty acids. Computational modeling and site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the mode of fatty acid binding is conserved between tablysin-15 and Pry1. Pry1 bound fatty acids with micromolar affinity in vitro, and its function was essential for fatty acid export in cells lacking the acyl-CoA synthetases Faa1 and Faa4. Fatty acid binding of Pry1 is independent of its capacity to bind sterols, and the two sterol- and fatty acid-binding sites are nonoverlapping. These results indicate that some CAP family members, such as Pry1, can bind different lipids, particularly sterols and fatty acids, at distinct binding sites, suggesting that the CAP domain may serve as a stable, secreted protein domain that can accommodate multiple ligand-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Darwiche
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Mène-Saffrané
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - David Gfeller
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Biopole III, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oluwatoyin A Asojo
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Roger Schneiter
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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46
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Zamarreño F, Giorgetti A, Amundarain MJ, Viso JF, Córsico B, Costabel MD. Conserved charged amino acids are key determinants for fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs)-membrane interactions. A multi-methodological computational approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:861-877. [PMID: 28298157 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1301271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Based on the analysis of the mechanism of ligand transfer to membranes employing in vitro methods, Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP) family has been divided in two subgroups: collisional and diffusional FABPs. Although the collisional mechanism has been well characterized employing in vitro methods, the structural features responsible for the difference between collisional and diffusional mechanisms remain uncertain. In this work, we have identified the amino acids putatively responsible for the interaction with membranes of both, collisional and diffusional, subgroups of FABPs. Moreover, we show how specific changes in FABPs' structure could change the mechanism of interaction with membranes. We have computed protein-membrane interaction energies for members of each subgroup of the family, and performed Molecular Dynamics simulations that have shown different configurations for the initial interaction between FABPs and membranes. In order to generalize our hypothesis, we extended the electrostatic and bioinformatics analysis over FABPs of different mammalian genus. Also, our methodological approach could be used for other systems involving protein-membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Zamarreño
- a Departamento de Física, Grupo de Biofísica - UNS , IFISUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur, CONICET , Bahía Blanca , Argentina
| | - Alejandro Giorgetti
- b Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Mathematical , Physical and Natural Sciences, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - María Julia Amundarain
- a Departamento de Física, Grupo de Biofísica - UNS , IFISUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur, CONICET , Bahía Blanca , Argentina
| | - Juan Francisco Viso
- a Departamento de Física, Grupo de Biofísica - UNS , IFISUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur, CONICET , Bahía Blanca , Argentina
| | - Betina Córsico
- c Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (CONICET-UNLP) , Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Marcelo D Costabel
- a Departamento de Física, Grupo de Biofísica - UNS , IFISUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur, CONICET , Bahía Blanca , Argentina
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Volynets V, Rings A, Bárdos G, Ostaff MJ, Wehkamp J, Bischoff SC. Intestinal barrier analysis by assessment of mucins, tight junctions, and α-defensins in healthy C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1208468. [PMID: 27583194 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1208468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is gaining increasing attention because it is related to intestinal homeostasis and disease. Different parameters have been used in the past to assess intestinal barrier functions in experimental studies; however most of them are poorly defined in healthy mice. Here, we compared a number of barrier markers in healthy mice, established normal values and correlations. In 48 mice (24 C57BL/6J, 24 BALB/cJ background), we measured mucus thickness, and expression of mucin-2, α-defensin-1 and -4, zonula occludens-1, occludin, junctional adhesion molecule-A, claudin-1, 2 and -5. We also analyzed claudin-3 and fatty acid binding protein-2 in urine and plasma, respectively. A higher expression of mucin-2 protein was found in the colon compared to the ileum. In contrast, the α-defensins-1 and -4 were expressed almost exclusively in the ileum. The protein expression of the tight junction molecules claudin-1, occludin and zonula occludens-1 did not differ between colon and ileum, although some differences occurred at the mRNA level. No age- or gender-related differences were found. Differences between C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice were found for α-defensin-1 and -4 mRNA expression, and for urine and plasma marker concentrations. The α-defensin-1 mRNA correlated with claudin-5 mRNA, whereas α-defensin-4 mRNA correlated with claudin-3 concentrations in urine. In conclusion, we identified a number of murine intestinal barrier markers requiring tissue analyses or measurable in urine or plasma. We provide normal values for these markers in mice of different genetic background. Such data might be helpful for future animal studies in which the intestinal barrier is of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Volynets
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim , Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Rings
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim , Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gyöngyi Bárdos
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim , Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maureen J Ostaff
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jan Wehkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim , Stuttgart, Germany
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48
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Howard EI, Guillot B, Blakeley MP, Haertlein M, Moulin M, Mitschler A, Cousido-Siah A, Fadel F, Valsecchi WM, Tomizaki T, Petrova T, Claudot J, Podjarny A. High-resolution neutron and X-ray diffraction room-temperature studies of an H-FABP-oleic acid complex: study of the internal water cluster and ligand binding by a transferred multipolar electron-density distribution. IUCrJ 2016; 3:115-26. [PMID: 27006775 PMCID: PMC4775160 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252515024161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Crystal diffraction data of heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) in complex with oleic acid were measured at room temperature with high-resolution X-ray and neutron protein crystallography (0.98 and 1.90 Å resolution, respectively). These data provided very detailed information about the cluster of water molecules and the bound oleic acid in the H-FABP large internal cavity. The jointly refined X-ray/neutron structure of H-FABP was complemented by a transferred multipolar electron-density distribution using the parameters of the ELMAMII library. The resulting electron density allowed a precise determination of the electrostatic potential in the fatty acid (FA) binding pocket. Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules was then used to study interactions involving the internal water molecules, the FA and the protein. This approach showed H⋯H contacts of the FA with highly conserved hydrophobic residues known to play a role in the stabilization of long-chain FAs in the binding cavity. The determination of water hydrogen (deuterium) positions allowed the analysis of the orientation and electrostatic properties of the water molecules in the very ordered cluster. As a result, a significant alignment of the permanent dipoles of the water molecules with the protein electrostatic field was observed. This can be related to the dielectric properties of hydration layers around proteins, where the shielding of electrostatic interactions depends directly on the rotational degrees of freedom of the water molecules in the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. I. Howard
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch CEDEX, France
- Instituto de Fisica de Liquidos y Sistemas Biologicos, CONICET, UNLP, Calle 59 No. 789, La Plata, Argentina
| | - B. Guillot
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France
| | - M. P. Blakeley
- Institut Laue–Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M. Haertlein
- ILL–EMBL Deuteration Laboratory, Partnership for Structural Biology, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - M. Moulin
- ILL–EMBL Deuteration Laboratory, Partnership for Structural Biology, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - A. Mitschler
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch CEDEX, France
| | - A. Cousido-Siah
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch CEDEX, France
| | - F. Fadel
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch CEDEX, France
| | - W. M. Valsecchi
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Takashi Tomizaki
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T. Petrova
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russian Federation
| | - J. Claudot
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France
| | - A. Podjarny
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch CEDEX, France
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49
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Newberry EP, Kennedy S, Xie Y, Luo J, Jiang H, Ory DS, Davidson NO. Phenotypic divergence in two lines of L-Fabp-/- mice reflects substrain differences and environmental modifiers. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G648-61. [PMID: 26251469 PMCID: PMC4609928 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00170.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic divergence in diet-induced obesity (DIO) and hepatic steatosis has been reported in two independently generated lines of L-Fabp(-/-) mice [New Jersey (NJ) L-Fabp(-/-) vs. Washington University (WU) L-Fabp(-/-) mice]. We performed side-by-side studies to examine differences between the lines and investigate the role of genetic background, intestinal microbiota, sex, and diet in the divergent phenotypes. Fasting-induced steatosis was attenuated in both L-Fabp(-/-) lines compared with C57BL/6J controls, with restoration of hepatic triglyceride levels following adenoviral L-Fabp rescue. Both lines were protected against DIO after high-saturated-fat diet feeding. Hepatic steatosis was attenuated in WU but not NJ L-Fabp(-/-) mice, although this difference between the lines disappeared upon antibiotic treatment and cohousing. In contrast, there was phenotypic divergence in L-Fabp(-/-) mice fed a high cocoa butter fat diet, with WU L-Fabp(-/-) mice, but not NJ L-Fabp(-/-) mice, showing protection against both DIO and hepatic steatosis, with some sex-dependent (female > male) differences. Dense mapping revealed no evidence of unintended targeting, duplications, or deletions surrounding the Fabp1 locus in either line and only minor differences in mRNA expression of genes located near the targeted allele. However, a C57BL/6 substrain screen showed that the NJ L-Fabp(-/-) line contains ∼40% C57BL/6N genomic DNA, despite reports that these mice were backcrossed six generations. Overall, these findings suggest that some of the phenotypic divergence between the two L-Fabp(-/-) lines may reflect unanticipated differences in genetic background, underscoring the importance of genetic background in phenotypic characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P. Newberry
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jianyang Luo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel S. Ory
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicholas O. Davidson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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50
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Ebrahimi M, Yamamoto Y, Sharifi K, Kida H, Kagawa Y, Yasumoto Y, Islam A, Miyazaki H, Shimamoto C, Maekawa M, Mitsushima D, Yoshikawa T, Owada Y. Astrocyte-expressed FABP7 regulates dendritic morphology and excitatory synaptic function of cortical neurons. Glia 2015; 64:48-62. [PMID: 26296243 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) expressed by astrocytes in developing and mature brains is involved in uptake and transportation of fatty acids, signal transduction, and gene transcription. Fabp7 knockout (Fabp7 KO) mice show behavioral phenotypes reminiscent of human neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. However, direct evidence showing how FABP7 deficiency in astrocytes leads to altered brain function is lacking. Here, we examined neuronal dendritic morphology and synaptic plasticity in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of Fabp7 KO mice and in primary cortical neuronal cultures. Golgi staining of cortical pyramidal neurons in Fabp7 KO mice revealed aberrant dendritic morphology and decreased spine density compared with those in wild-type (WT) mice. Aberrant dendritic morphology was also observed in primary cortical neurons co-cultured with FABP7-deficient astrocytes and neurons cultured in Fabp7 KO astrocyte-conditioned medium. Excitatory synapse number was decreased in mPFC of Fabp7 KO mice and in neurons co-cultured with Fabp7 KO astrocytes. Accordingly, whole-cell voltage-clamp recording in brain slices from pyramidal cells in the mPFC showed that both amplitude and frequency of action potential-independent miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) were decreased in Fabp7 KO mice. Moreover, transplantation of WT astrocytes into the mPFC of Fabp7 KO mice partially attenuated behavioral impairments. Collectively, these results suggest that astrocytic FABP7 is important for dendritic arbor growth, neuronal excitatory synapse formation, and synaptic transmission, and provide new insights linking FABP7, lipid homeostasis, and neuropsychiatric disorders, leading to novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazem Sharifi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kida
- Department of System Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Chie Shimamoto
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Dai Mitsushima
- Department of System Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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