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Flori E, Mosca S, Cardinali G, Briganti S, Ottaviani M, Kovacs D, Manni I, Truglio M, Mastrofrancesco A, Zaccarini M, Cota C, Piaggio G, Picardo M. The Activation of PPARγ by (2Z,4E,6E)-2-methoxyocta-2,4,6-trienoic Acid Counteracts the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Process in Skin Carcinogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071007. [PMID: 37048080 PMCID: PMC10093137 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common UV-induced keratinocyte-derived cancer, and its progression is characterized by the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. We previously demonstrated that PPARγ activation by 2,4,6-octatrienoic acid (Octa) prevents cutaneous UV damage. We investigated the possible role of the PPARγ activators Octa and the new compound (2Z,4E,6E)-2-methoxyocta-2,4,6-trienoic acid (A02) in targeting keratinocyte-derived skin cancer. Like Octa, A02 exerted a protective effect against UVB-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in NHKs. In the squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells, A02 inhibited cell proliferation and increased differentiation markers’ expression. Moreover, Octa and even more A02 counteracted the TGF-β1-dependent increase in mesenchymal markers, intracellular ROS, the activation of EMT-related signal transduction pathways, and cells’ migratory capacity. Both compounds, especially A02, counterbalanced the TGF-β1-induced cell membrane lipid remodeling and the release of bioactive lipids involved in EMT. In vivo experiments on a murine model useful to study cell proliferation in adult animals showed the reduction of areas characterized by active cell proliferation in response to A02 topical treatment. In conclusion, targeting PPARγ may be useful for the prevention and treatment of keratinocyte-derived skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Sarah Mosca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cardinali
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Kovacs
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Manni
- SAFU Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Truglio
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccarini
- Genetic Research, Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cota
- Genetic Research, Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- SAFU Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Faculty of Medicine, Unicamillus International Medical University, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (M.P.)
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Wang C, Cheng L, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhang H, Shen Y. Bioinformatics analysis reveals the changes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway in the development of Marjolin ulcers. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2124316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Burns, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Burns, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Burns, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhuo Zhao
- Department of Burns, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Burns, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Shen
- Department of Burns, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Liu J, Yin G, Hu K, Huang H, Xu F, Yang Y, Chen F. Parental uveitis causes elevated hair loss in offspring of C57BL/6J mice. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109056. [PMID: 35367248 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that parental uveitis in a susceptible population can cause hair loss and increase the susceptibility to experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in offspring. However, it is unclear whether parental uveitis affects the development of offspring in an EAU-moderate-susceptible population. Herein, moderate-susceptible C57BL/6J mice were immunized with inter-photoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) 651-670 to develop EAU and were kept together for mating. Gross examination and histopathological changes of the offspring gestated with parental uveitis were observed to evaluate the impact of parental uveitis on the development of the offspring. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by RNA sequencing in the affected skin and eyeball of the offspring on postnatal day 27. Adult offspring were injected 75 μg IRBP651-670 to evaluate their susceptibility to EAU. Gross examination in the offspring revealed hair loss on postnatal days 11-31. Histopathological observation showed increased melanin granules and hair follicles of skin in the affected offspring with hair loss. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis in the skin revealed differential expression of genes involved in the mitotic cell cycle, response to endogenous stimulus, hair follicle development, and hair cycle. The DEGs in the skin were predominately associated with the cell cycle and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. The GO enrichment analysis in the eyeball showed differential expression of genes involved in the nervous system development, camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation, neuron projection morphogenesis, axon development, and calcium-induced calcium release activity; enriched pathways included the circadian entrainment and glutamatergic synapses. No increased susceptibility to EAU in offspring gestated from parental remitting EAU was observed at a low-dose 75 μg IRBP induction. These results suggested that parental uveitis in a moderate-susceptible population could affect the skin development and DEG profiles of skin and eyeball related to the response to endogenous stimulus, the PPAR signaling pathway, and glutamatergic synapse, which provides the molecular evidence to explain the influence of parental uveitis on offspring development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Guangnian Yin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Kaijiao Hu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rodent Laboratory Animals, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rodent Laboratory Animals, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rodent Laboratory Animals, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yaying Yang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Feilan Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rodent Laboratory Animals, Chongqing, PR China.
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Konger RL, Derr-Yellin E, Zimmers TA, Katona T, Xuei X, Liu Y, Zhou HM, Simpson ER, Turner MJ. Epidermal PPARγ Is a Key Homeostatic Regulator of Cutaneous Inflammation and Barrier Function in Mouse Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168634. [PMID: 34445339 PMCID: PMC8395473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Both agonist studies and loss-of-function models indicate that PPARγ plays an important role in cutaneous biology. Since PPARγ has a high level of basal activity, we hypothesized that epidermal PPARγ would regulate normal homeostatic processes within the epidermis. In this current study, we performed mRNA sequencing and differential expression analysis of epidermal scrapings from knockout mice and wildtype littermates. Pparg-/-epi mice exhibited a 1.5-fold or greater change in the expression of 11.8% of 14,482 identified transcripts. Up-regulated transcripts included those for a large number of cytokines/chemokines and their receptors, as well as genes associated with inflammasome activation and keratinization. Several of the most dramatically up-regulated pro-inflammatory genes in Pparg-/-epi mouse skin included Igfl3, 2610528A11Rik, and Il1f6. RT-PCR was performed from RNA obtained from non-lesional full-thickness skin and verified a marked increase in these transcripts, as well as transcripts for Igflr1, which encodes the receptor for Igfl3, and the 2610528A11Rik receptor (Gpr15). Transcripts for Il4 were detected in Pparg-/-epi mouse skin, but transcripts for Il17 and Il22 were not detected. Down-regulated transcripts included sebaceous gland markers and a number of genes associated with lipid barrier formation. The change in these transcripts correlates with an asebia phenotype, increased transepidermal water loss, alopecia, dandruff, and the appearance of spontaneous inflammatory skin lesions. Histologically, non-lesional skin showed hyperkeratosis, while inflammatory lesions were characterized by dermal inflammation and epidermal acanthosis, spongiosis, and parakeratosis. In conclusion, loss of epidermal Pparg alters a substantial set of genes that are associated with cutaneous inflammation, keratinization, and sebaceous gland function. The data indicate that epidermal PPARγ plays an important role in homeostatic epidermal function, particularly epidermal differentiation, barrier function, sebaceous gland development and function, and inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond L. Konger
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (E.D.-Y.); (T.K.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- The Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (T.A.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-317-274-4154
| | - Ethel Derr-Yellin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (E.D.-Y.); (T.K.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- The Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (T.A.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Terrence Katona
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (E.D.-Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Yunlong Liu
- The Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (T.A.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hong-Ming Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.-M.Z.); (M.J.T.)
| | - Ed Ronald Simpson
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.-M.Z.); (M.J.T.)
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matthew J. Turner
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.-M.Z.); (M.J.T.)
- Department of Dermatology, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Mo L, Liu J, Yang Z, Gong X, Meng F, Zou R, Hou L, Fang F. DNAJB4 identified as a potential breast cancer marker: evidence from bioinformatics analysis and basic experiments. Gland Surg 2020; 9:1955-1972. [PMID: 33447546 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of tumor-related death in women worldwide, but its pathogenesis is not clear. The efficient screening of new therapeutic targets for BC through bioinformatics and biological experimental techniques has become a hot topic in BC research. Methods The bioinformatics method was used to analyze the gene chips and obtain the hub genes, playing an important role in the development of BC. The biological processes (BP) involved in the hub genes were analyzed by Bingo, and the impact of each hub gene on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in BC patients was evaluated in the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. The expression of DNAJB4, the hub gene with the greatest degree and having an effect on the prognosis of BC patients, was detected in BC cell lines and clinicopathological specimens. And DNAJB4 was selected for further biological experiments and clinical prognosis verification. Results Ten hub genes including DNAJB4, the greatest degree genes, were found by bioinformatics analysis of BC gene chips. DNAJB4 expressions in both BC cell lines and clinicopathological specimens were detected and the results showed that DNAJB4 was significantly down-regulated in BC cell lines and tissues. After interfering with the expression of DNAJB4, it was found that the invasion and migration ability of MDA-MB-231 cell line was significantly enhanced in vitro. The clinical survival data of BC patients showed that patients with high DNAJB4 expression had longer DFS. Conclusions DNAJB4 may be a tumor suppressor gene in BC as it could regulate invasion and migration of BC cells and its expression level is related to the prognosis of BC patients. Nevertheless, further researches are still necessary to verify its role in BC so as to provide evidences for clinical guidance regarding diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlong Mo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jiayou Liu
- Human Anatomy Department of School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Ziquan Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Fanlun Meng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Rongyang Zou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lingmi Hou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hepatobiliary and pancreatic institution, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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The PPARγ Agonist Rosiglitazone Suppresses Syngeneic Mouse SCC (Squamous Cell Carcinoma) Tumor Growth through an Immune-Mediated Mechanism. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112192. [PMID: 31212694 PMCID: PMC6600265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that PPARγ agonists may promote anti-tumor immunity. We show that immunogenic PDV cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) tumors are rejected when injected intradermally at a low cell number (1 × 106) into immune competent syngeneic hosts, but not immune deficient mice. At higher cell numbers (5 × 106 PDV cells), progressively growing tumors were established in 14 of 15 vehicle treated mice while treatment of mice with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone resulted in increased tumor rejection (5 of 14 tumors), a significant decrease in PDV tumor size, and a significant decrease in tumor cell Ki67 labeling. Rosiglitazone treatment had no effect on tumor rejection, tumor volume or PDV tumor cell proliferation in immune deficient NOD.CB17-PrkdcSCID/J mice. Rosiglitazone treatment also promoted an increase in tumor infiltrating CD3+ T-cells at both early and late time points. In contrast, rosiglitazone treatment had no significant effect on myeloid cells expressing either CD11b or Gr-1 but suppressed a late accumulation of myeloid cells expressing both CD11b and Gr-1, suggesting a potential role for CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells in the late anti-tumor immune response. Overall, our data provides evidence that the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone promotes immune-mediated anti-neoplastic activity against tumors derived from this immunogenic CSCC cell line.
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