Resveratrol Attenuates Mast Cell Mediated Allergic Reactions: Potential for Use as a Nutraceutical in Allergic Diseases?

Ethanol Extract of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Rhizomes Suppresses IgE-Mediated Mast Cell Activation and Anaphylaxis

More than 20% of the world's population suffers from allergic diseases, including allergic asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis that severely reduce the patient's quality of life. The treatment of allergy has been developed, but there are still unmet needs. Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. is a traditional medicinal herb with beneficial bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-hypertension, anti-viral, anti-mutagenic, and skin and liver (anti-hepatotoxic) protective actions. However, its anti-allergic effect has not been addressed. This study designed to investigate the pharmacological effect of an ethanol extract of A. brevipedunculata rhizomes (ABE) on mast cell and anaphylaxis models. For in vivo studies, we used ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) and immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) models. In ASA model, oral administration of ABE (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg) attenuated the anaphylactic responses, such as hypothermia, serum histamine, and IgE productions. In PCA model, ABE also suppressed the plasma extravasation and swelling. The underlying mechanisms of action were identified in various mast cell types. In vitro, ABE (10, 30, and 60 µg/mL) inhibited the release of essential allergic mediators, such as histamine and β-hexosaminidase, in a concentration-dependent manner. ABE prevented the rapid increase in intracellular calcium levels induced by the DNP-HSA challenge. In addition, ABE downregulated the tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-4 by suppressing the activation of nuclear factor-κB. Collectively, this study is the first to identify the anti-allergic effect of ABE, suggesting that ABE is a promising candidate for treating allergic diseases.

Exploring the multimodal health-promoting properties of resveratrol: A comprehensive review

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol in various plants, has gained significant attention for its potential health-promoting properties. It has been demonstrated, after reviewing various clinical and in vitro studies, that resveratrol possesses potent antioxidant potential. Resveratrol demonstrates cellular component protection by directly neutralizing free radicals (FRs) and enhancing the expression of natural antioxidant enzymes, thereby mitigating oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Clinical trials have shown promising results, indicating that resveratrol supplementation can enhance antioxidant defenses and reduce oxidative damage markers in various populations. In addition to its antioxidant effects, resveratrol exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties. It can modulate key inflammatory pathways, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), thereby suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, resveratrol's multimodal effects extend beyond its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been discovered to exert regulatory effects on various cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and immunological responses. The primary aim of this review paper is to provide a thorough overview of the current knowledge on resveratrol, including its chemical composition, bioaccessibility, clinical effectiveness, and utilization in nanotechnology to enhance its bioavailability. From future perspectives, revising the administration methods for certain contexts and understanding the underlying systems responsible for resveratrol's effects will require further inquiry. For the highest potential health results, advanced trial-based research is necessary for combinational nano-delivery of resveratrol.

Inhibitory effect of rosmarinic acid on IgE-trigged mast cell degranulation in vitro and in vivo

BACKGROUND

Rosmarinic acid (RA), a polyphenol from edible-medical Lamiaceae herbs, is known to possess a variety of pharmacological activity, like anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and immunoregulation activities.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Hereon, we investigated the anti-allergic activity of RA on immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated anaphylaxis responses in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 mast cell. RA hindered the morphological changes of IgE-induced degranulated RBL-2H3 cells. The release of two key biomarkers (β-hexosaminidase (β-HEX) and histamine) of IgE-induced degranulated mast cells was also remarkably down-regulated by RA intervention in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, RA inhibited IgE-induced ROS overproduction and flux of intracellular Ca2+ in IgE-mediated degranulated mast cells. The q-PCR analysis showed that the expressions of genes (COX 2, PGD 2, LTC 4, HDC, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1) involved in MAPK and oxidative stress signaling pathways were significantly regulated by RA intervention. Moreover, the degranulation inhibitory effect of rosmarinic acid was investigated on the anti-DNP IgE/DNP-HSA induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) mice model in vivo. It showed that RA significantly inhibited the PCA reaction and allergic edema of ears in anti-DNP IgE/DNP-HSA stimulated mice.

CONCLUSION

These findings suggest that RA has the potential to be used as a therapeutic candidate for allergic diseases by inhibiting mast cell degranulation. This indicates a possible role for RA in managing allergic reactions and related conditions.

Resveratrol modulates the Nrf2/NF-κB pathway and inhibits TSLP-mediated atopic march

BACKGROUND

Resveratrol has been found to have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. The effects of resveratrol on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)-mediated atopic march remain unclear.

PURPOSE

To explore the potential role of resveratrol in TSLP-mediated atopic march.

METHODS

The atopic march mouse model was established by topical application of MC903 (a vitamin D3 analog). Following the treatment with resveratrol, airway resistance in mice was discovered by pulmonary function apparatus, and the number of total cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was counted. The histopathological features of pulmonary and ear skin tissues, inflammation, and cell infiltration were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of TSLP, immunoglobulin E, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling-associated molecules (p-p65, p65, p-I kappa B kinase alpha (IκBα), IκBα, Nrf2, and TSLP) in lung and ear skin tissues were assessed by Western blot analysis.

RESULTS

Resveratrol attenuated airway resistance and infiltration of total cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils in both lung and ear skin tissues. Resveratrol ameliorates serum inflammatory markers in allergic mice. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB pathway-related proteins were significantly reduced by administration of resveratrol in allergic lung and ear skin tissues. Similarly, the protein expression of TSLP in both lung and ear skin tissues was reduced by resveratrol, and Nrf2, a protector molecule, was increased with resveratrol treatment.

CONCLUSION

Resveratrol attenuates TSLP-reduced atopic march through ameliorating inflammation and cell infiltration in pulmonary and ear skin tissues by inhibiting the abnormal activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Modulation of the Immune Response to Allergies Using Alternative Functional Foods

Modulation of the allergic immune response through alternative therapies is a field of study that aims to address allergic reactions differently from traditional approaches. These therapies encompass the utilization of natural functional foods, which have been observed to exert an influence on the immune response, thus mitigating the severity of allergies. Indeed, some studies suggest that the incorporation of these nutraceuticals can regulate immune function, leading to a reduction in histamine release and subsequent alleviation of allergic symptoms. Moreover, certain herbs and dietary supplements, such as curcumin, are believed to possess anti-inflammatory properties, which may serve to moderate allergic responses. Although the results remain somewhat mixed and require further research, these alternative therapies exhibit the potential to impact the allergic immune response, thereby providing complementary options to conventional treatments. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide an updated account of functional foods capable of modulating the immune response to allergies. In that sense, the review delves into functional foods sourced from plants (phytochemicals), animals, and marine algae. Emphasis is placed on their potential application in the treatment of allergic disorders. It also provides an overview of how these foods can be effectively utilized as functional foods. Additionally, it explores the molecular mechanisms and scientific validity of various bioactive natural compounds in the management of allergies.

Dietary Polyphenols-Natural Bioactive Compounds with Potential for Preventing and Treating Some Allergic Conditions

In light of the constantly increasing prevalence of allergic diseases, changes in dietary patterns have been suggested as a plausible environmental explanation for the development and progression of these diseases. Nowadays, much attention has been paid to the development of dietary interventions using natural substances with anti-allergy activities. In this respect, dietary polyphenols have been studied extensively as one of the most prominent natural bioactive compounds with well-documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. This review aims to discuss the mechanisms underlying the potential anti-allergic actions of polyphenols related to their ability to reduce protein allergenicity, regulate immune response, and gut microbiome modification; however, these issues need to be elucidated in detail. This paper reviews the current evidence from experimental and clinical studies confirming that various polyphenols such as quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, and many others could attenuate allergic inflammation, alleviate the symptoms of food allergy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, and prevent the development of allergic immune response. Conclusively, dietary polyphenols are endowed with great anti-allergic potential and therefore could be used either for preventive approaches or therapeutic interventions in relation to allergic diseases. Limitations in studying and widespread use of polyphenols as well as future research directions are also discussed.

The Role of Diet and Nutrition in Allergic Diseases

Allergic diseases are a set of chronic inflammatory disorders of lung, skin, and nose epithelium characterized by aberrant IgE and Th2 cytokine-mediated immune responses to exposed allergens. The prevalence of allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, has increased dramatically worldwide in the past several decades. Evidence suggests that diet and nutrition play a key role in the development and severity of allergic diseases. Dietary components can differentially regulate allergic inflammation pathways through host and gut microbiota-derived metabolites, therefore influencing allergy outcomes in positive or negative ways. A broad range of nutrients and dietary components (vitamins A, D, and E, minerals Zn, Iron, and Se, dietary fiber, fatty acids, and phytochemicals) are found to be effective in the prevention or treatment of allergic diseases through the suppression of type 2 inflammation. This paper aims to review recent advances in the role of diet and nutrition in the etiology of allergies, nutritional regulation of allergic inflammation, and clinical findings about nutrient supplementation in treating allergic diseases. The current literature suggests the potential efficacy of plant-based diets in reducing allergic symptoms. Further clinical trials are warranted to examine the potential beneficial effects of plant-based diets and anti-allergic nutrients in the prevention and management of allergic diseases.

Quercetin and Resveratrol Differentially Decrease Expression of the High-Affinity IgE Receptor (FcεRI) by Human and Mouse Mast Cells

Mast cells (MC) synthesize and store proinflammatory mediators and are centrally important in atopic diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis. Quercetin a and resveratrol are plant derived polyphenolic compounds with anti-inflammatory properties that inhibit MC degranulation and mediator release. However, the underlying mechanism of these inhibitory effects on MC is poorly understood and it is unclear whether this is a general effect on all MC phenotypes. We have characterized and compared the effects of quercetin with resveratrol on human (LAD2) and mouse (MC/9 and BMMC) MC mediator release, receptor expression and FcεRI signaling to better understand the mechanisms involved in quercetin and resveratrol-mediated inhibition of MC activation. Quercetin significantly decreased the expression of FcεRI by BMMC and MC/9, although the effects on MC/9 were associated with a significant reduction in cell viability. Quercetin also inhibited antigen-stimulated TNF release by BMMC. Although neither quercetin nor resveratrol significantly altered antigen-stimulated BMMC degranulation or downstream signaling events such as phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK), resveratrol inhibited ERK phosphorylation and FcεRI- stimulated degranulation in LAD2. Our data suggests that quercetin and resveratrol inhibit human and mouse MC differentially and that these effects are associated with modification of FcεRI expression, signaling (phosphorylation of SYK and ERK) and mediator release.