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Saleh MG, Prescot A, Chang L, Cloak C, Cunningham E, Subramaniam P, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd D, Zöllner HJ, Roberts TPL, Edden RAE, Ernst T. Glutamate measurements using edited MRS. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1314-1322. [PMID: 38044723 PMCID: PMC10865745 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate J-difference coediting of glutamate using Hadamard encoding and reconstruction of Mescher-Garwood-edited spectroscopy (HERMES). METHODS Density-matrix simulations of HERMES (TE 80 ms) and 1D J-resolved (TE 31-229 ms) of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutathione (GSH) were performed. HERMES comprised four sub-experiments with editing pulses applied as follows: (A) 1.9/4.56 ppm simultaneously (ONGABA /ONGSH ); (B) 1.9 ppm only (ONGABA /OFFGSH ); (C) 4.56 ppm only (OFFGABA /ONGSH ); and (D) 7.5 ppm (OFFGABA /OFFGSH ). Phantom HERMES and 1D J-resolved experiments of Glu were performed. Finally, in vivo HERMES (20-ms editing pulses) and 1D J-resolved (TE 31-229 ms) experiments were performed on 137 participants using 3 T MRI scanners. LCModel was used for quantification. RESULTS HERMES simulation and phantom experiments show a Glu-edited signal at 2.34 ppm in the Hadamard sum combination A+B+C+D with no overlapping Gln signal. The J-resolved simulations and phantom experiments show substantial TE modulation of the Glu and Gln signals across the TEs, whose average yields a well-resolved Glu signal closely matching the Glu-edited signal from the HERMES sum spectrum. In vivo quantification of Glu show that the two methods are highly correlated (p < 0.001) with a bias of ∼10%, along with similar between-subject coefficients of variation (HERMES/TE-averaged: ∼7.3%/∼6.9%). Other Hadamard combinations produce the expected GABA-edited (A+B-C-D) or GSH-edited (A-B+C-D) signal. CONCLUSION HERMES simulation and phantom experiments show the separation of Glu from Gln. In vivo HERMES experiments yield Glu (without Gln), GABA, and GSH in a single MRS scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad G Saleh
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Prescot
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Linda Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine Cloak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Cunningham
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Punitha Subramaniam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Deborah Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Ueno F, Sakuma M, Nakajima S, Tsugawa S, Ochi R, Tani H, Noda Y, Graff-Guerrero A, Uchida H, Mimura M, Oshima S, Matsushita S. Acetaldehyde-mediated increase in glutamatergic and N-acetylaspartate neurometabolite levels in the midcingulate cortex of ALDH2*1/*2 heterozygous young adults. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:58-71. [PMID: 38206287 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate the neurobiology underlying alcohol's effect on the human brain, we examined the acute effects of moderate alcohol administration on levels of glutamatergic neurometabolites and N-acetylaspartate, an amino acid found in neurons, may reflect disordered neuronal integrity. METHODS Eighteen healthy Japanese participants (7 males/11 females) aged 20-30 years who were heterozygous for an inactive allele of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH/*1/*2) were included. Participants underwent an intravenous alcohol infusion using the clamp method at a target blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.50 mg/mL for 90 min within a range of ±0.05 mg/mL. We examined glutamate + glutamine (Glx) and N-acetylaspartate N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAA) levels in the midcingulate cortex (MCC) using 3 T 1 H-MRS PRESS at baseline, 90 min, and 180 min (i.e., 90 min after alcohol infusion was finished). A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess longitudinal changes in Glx and NAA levels, with time and sex as within- and between-subject factors, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated among neurometabolite levels and BAC or blood acetaldehyde concentration (BAAC). RESULTS Both Glx (F(2,32) = 8.15, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.15) and NAA (F(2,32) = 5.01, p = 0.04, η2 = 0.07) levels were increased after alcohol injection. There were no sex or time × sex interaction effects observed. NAA levels were positively correlated with BAAC at 90 min (r(13) = 0.77, p = 0.01). There were no associations between neurometabolite levels and BAC. CONCLUSIONS Both Glx and NAA levels in the MCC increased in response to the administration of moderate concentrations of alcohol. Given positive associations between NAA levels and BAAC and the hypothetical glutamate release via dopamine pathways, the effects of drinking on the MCC in the acute phase may be ascribed to acetaldehyde metabolized from alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Ueno
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | | | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Tsugawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunji Oshima
- Sustainable Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., Moriya, Japan
| | - Sachio Matsushita
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
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Hatay GH, Ozturk-Isik E. Optimized multi-voxel TE-averaged PRESS for glutamate detection in the human brain at 3T. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 356:107574. [PMID: 37922677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To optimize possible combinations of echo times (TE) for multi-voxel TE-averaged Point RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) while reducing the total number of TEs required to separate glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) within a clinically feasible scan time. METHODS General Approach to Magnetic resonance Mathematical Analysis (GAMMA) was used to implement 2D J-resolved PRESS technique, and the spectra of 14 individual brain metabolites were simulated at 64 different TEs. Monte Carlo simulations were used for selecting the best TE combinations to separate Glu and Gln using TE-averaged PRESS with a total number of two, three, four and five TEs. Single-voxel 1H-MRS data were acquired using 64 different TEs from a healthy volunteer on a clinical 3T MR scanner to validate the echo time combinations selected with simulations. Additionally, 2D 1H-MRSI data of eight healthy volunteers were acquired on a clinical 3T MR scanner using four different TEs that were determined by Monte Carlo simulations. Optimized TE-averaged PRESS spectra were created by averaging the spectra acquired at selected TEs. LCModel was used for spectral quantification. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to detect statistically significant differences in Glu/Gln ratios between 35 ms PRESS and optimized TE-averaged PRESS data. RESULTS Glu could be clearly separated from Gln at 2.35 ppm, using optimized TE-averaged PRESS with only four TEs (35, 37, 40, and 42 ms) that were selected through Monte Carlo simulations. Glu/Gln ratios were significantly higher in the optimized TE-averaged PRESS data of healthy volunteers than in the 35 ms PRESS data (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Optimized multi-voxel TE-averaged PRESS enabled faster and unobstructed quantification of Glu at multiple voxels in the human brain in vivo at 3T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokce Hale Hatay
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Esin Ozturk-Isik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Zhang Y, Shen J. Quantification of spatially localized MRS by a novel deep learning approach without spectral fitting. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:1282-1296. [PMID: 37183798 PMCID: PMC10524908 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose a novel end-to-end deep learning model to quantify absolute metabolite concentrations from in vivo J-point resolved spectroscopy (JPRESS) without using spectral fitting. METHODS A novel encoder-decoder-style neural network was created, which was trained to predict metabolite concentrations and individual component signals concurrently from 3T JPRESS data in the time domain. The training data set contained 100 000 samples created by spin-density simulations using experimentally used RF pulses. Concentrations, phase, frequencies, linewidths, and T2 relaxation times in the training data set were varied over a large range with uniform distributions. Random synthesized noise and extraneous signals were added to the data set. Two thousand validation samples were created similarly to the training data set but with mean concentrations close to in vivo values. An in vivo test was conducted with 20 samples acquired from the human brain. RESULTS Both validation and in vivo test results showed that the proposed model successfully predicted metabolite concentrations as well as individual metabolite signals without involving spectral fitting, while extraneous peaks or unregistered signals were filtered out. Compared with the short-TE spectral fitting by LCModel, the proposed method had the advantage that the undesired correlations between the estimated concentrations and noise levels and between metabolites were eliminated or substantially reduced. CONCLUSION The proposed method provides a working deep learning model that directly maps in vivo JPRESS data to metabolite concentrations. Because spectral fitting is not used, the trained model does not depend on the assumptions associated with parameter tuning when applied to in vivo data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Shen
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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5
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Gudmundson AT, Koo A, Virovka A, Amirault AL, Soo M, Cho JH, Oeltzschner G, Edden RAE, Stark CEL. Meta-analysis and open-source database for in vivo brain Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy in health and disease. Anal Biochem 2023; 676:115227. [PMID: 37423487 PMCID: PMC10561665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Proton (1H) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive tool capable of quantifying brain metabolite concentrations in vivo. Prioritization of standardization and accessibility in the field has led to the development of universal pulse sequences, methodological consensus recommendations, and the development of open-source analysis software packages. One on-going challenge is methodological validation with ground-truth data. As ground-truths are rarely available for in vivo measurements, data simulations have become an important tool. The diverse literature of metabolite measurements has made it challenging to define ranges to be used within simulations. Especially for the development of deep learning and machine learning algorithms, simulations must be able to produce accurate spectra capturing all the nuances of in vivo data. Therefore, we sought to determine the physiological ranges and relaxation rates of brain metabolites which can be used both in data simulations and as reference estimates. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we've identified relevant MRS research articles and created an open-source database containing methods, results, and other article information as a resource. Using this database, expectation values and ranges for metabolite concentrations and T2 relaxation times are established based upon a meta-analyses of healthy and diseased brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Gudmundson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annie Koo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anna Virovka
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa L Amirault
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Madelene Soo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jocelyn H Cho
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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van Dijken BRJ, Jeltema HR, Kłos J, van Laar PJ, Enting RH, Maatman RGHJ, Bijsterveld K, Den Dunnen WFA, Dierckx RA, Sijens PE, van der Hoorn A. The Correlation of In Vivo MR Spectroscopy and Ex Vivo 2-Hydroxyglutarate Concentration for the Prediction of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutation Status in Diffuse Glioma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2791. [PMID: 37685329 PMCID: PMC10487112 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status is an important biomarker in the glioma-defining subtype and corresponding prognosis. This study proposes a straightforward method for 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) quantification by MR spectroscopy for IDH mutation status detection and directly compares in vivo 2-HG MR spectroscopy with ex vivo 2-HG concentration measured in resected tumor tissue. Eleven patients with suspected lower-grade glioma (ten IDH1; one IDHwt) were prospectively included. Preoperatively, 3T point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) was acquired; 2-HG was measured as the percentage elevation of Glx3 (the sum of 2-HG and Glx) compared to Glx4. IDH mutation status was assessed by immunochemistry or direct sequencing. The ex vivo 2-HG concentration was determined in surgically obtained tissue specimens using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pearson correlation was used for assessing the correlation between in vivo MR spectroscopy and ex vivo 2-HG concentration. MR spectroscopy was positive for 2-HG in eight patients, all of whom had IDH1 tumors. A strong correlation (r = 0.80, p = 0.003) between 2-HG MR spectroscopy and the ex vivo 2-HG concentration was found. This study shows in vivo 2-HG MR spectroscopy can non-invasively determine IDH status in glioma and demonstrates a strong correlation with ex vivo 2-HG concentration in patients with lower-grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart R. J. van Dijken
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (MIC), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne-Rinck Jeltema
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Justyna Kłos
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (MIC), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Jan van Laar
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Group Twente (ZGT), 7600 SZ Almelo, The Netherlands
| | - Roelien H. Enting
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald G. H. J. Maatman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Bijsterveld
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F. A. Den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A. Dierckx
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (MIC), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Imaging Center (MIC), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul E. Sijens
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (MIC), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van der Hoorn
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (MIC), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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An L, Shen J. In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy by transverse relaxation encoding with narrowband decoupling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12211. [PMID: 37500714 PMCID: PMC10374641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell pathology in neuropsychiatric disorders has mainly been accessible by analyzing postmortem tissue samples. Although molecular transverse relaxation informs local cellular microenvironment via molecule-environment interactions, precise determination of the transverse relaxation times of molecules with scalar couplings (J), such as glutamate and glutamine, has been difficult using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technologies, whose approach to measuring transverse relaxation has not changed for decades. We introduce an in vivo MRS technique that utilizes frequency-selective editing pulses to achieve homonuclear decoupled chemical shift encoding in each column of the acquired two-dimensional dataset, freeing up the entire row dimension for transverse relaxation encoding with J-refocusing. This results in increased spectral resolution, minimized background signals, and markedly broadened dynamic range for transverse relaxation encoding. The in vivo within-subject coefficients of variation for the transverse relaxation times of glutamate and glutamine, measured using the proposed method in the human brain at 7 T, were found to be approximately 4%. Since glutamate predominantly resides in glutamatergic neurons and glutamine in glia in the brain, this noninvasive technique provides a way to probe cellular pathophysiology in neuropsychiatric disorders for characterizing disease progression and monitoring treatment response in a cell type-specific manner in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 3D46, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1216, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1216, USA.
| | - Jun Shen
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Gudmundson AT, Koo A, Virovka A, Amirault AL, Soo M, Cho JH, Oeltzschner G, Edden RA, Stark C. Meta-analysis and Open-source Database for In Vivo Brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Health and Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.10.528046. [PMID: 37205343 PMCID: PMC10187197 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.528046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Proton ( 1 H) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive tool capable of quantifying brain metabolite concentrations in vivo . Prioritization of standardization and accessibility in the field has led to the development of universal pulse sequences, methodological consensus recommendations, and the development of open-source analysis software packages. One on-going challenge is methodological validation with ground-truth data. As ground-truths are rarely available for in vivo measurements, data simulations have become an important tool. The diverse literature of metabolite measurements has made it challenging to define ranges to be used within simulations. Especially for the development of deep learning and machine learning algorithms, simulations must be able to produce accurate spectra capturing all the nuances of in vivo data. Therefore, we sought to determine the physiological ranges and relaxation rates of brain metabolites which can be used both in data simulations and as reference estimates. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we've identified relevant MRS research articles and created an open-source database containing methods, results, and other article information as a resource. Using this database, expectation values and ranges for metabolite concentrations and T 2 relaxation times are established based upon a meta-analyses of healthy and diseased brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T. Gudmundson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Annie Koo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Anna Virovka
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Alyssa L. Amirault
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Madelene Soo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Jocelyn H. Cho
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard A.E. Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Craig Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
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9
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Bishop JH, Geoly A, Khan N, Tischler C, Krueger R, Keshava P, Amin H, Baltusis L, Wu H, Spiegel D, Williams N, Sacchet MD. Real-Time Semi-Automated and Automated Voxel Placement using fMRI Targets for Repeated Acquisition Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 392:109853. [PMID: 37031764 PMCID: PMC10249508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is dependent on the investigative team to manually prescribe, or demarcate, the desired tissue volume-of-interest. The need for a new method to automate precise voxel placements is warranted to improve the utility and interpretability of MRS data. NEW METHOD We propose and validate robust and real-time methods to automate MRS voxel placement using functionally defined coordinates within the prefrontal cortex. Data were collected and analyzed using two independent prospective studies: 1) two independent imaging days with each consisting of a multi-session sandwich design (MRS data only collected on one of the days determined based on scan time) and 2) a longitudinal design. Participants with fibromyalgia syndrome (N = 50) and major depressive disorder (N = 35) underwent neuroimaging. MRS acquisitions were acquired at 3-tesla. Evaluation of the reproducibility of spatial location and tissue segmentation was assessed for: 1) manual, 2) semi-automated, and 3) automated voxel prescription approaches RESULTS: Variability of voxel grey and white matter tissue composition was reduced using automated placement protocols. Spatially, post- to pre-voxel center-of-gravity distance was reduced and voxel overlap increased significantly across datasets using automated compared to manual procedures COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: Manual prescription, the current standard in the field, can produce inconsistent data across repeated acquisitions. Using automated voxel placement, we found reduced variability and more consistent voxel placement across multiple acquisitions CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the within subject reliability and reproducibility of a method for reducing variability introduced by spatial inconsistencies during MRS acquisitions. The proposed method is a meaningful advance toward improved consistency of MRS data in neuroscience and can be utilized for multi-session and longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Bishop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Geoly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Naushaba Khan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Tischler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ruben Krueger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Poorvi Keshava
- Meditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heer Amin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laima Baltusis
- Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hua Wu
- Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Spiegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nolan Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Meditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zuo CS, Davis KA, Lukas SE. Lower dACC glutamate in cannabis users during early phase abstinence. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1969-1975. [PMID: 35484401 PMCID: PMC9485248 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate plays an important role in continued use of and relapse to abused substances. However, its involvement in cannabis withdrawal is still unclear. We hypothesize that regional glutamate is associated with the cannabis withdrawal syndrome and recently examined possible association of glutamate with cannabis withdrawal, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), in non-treatment-seeking cannabis users. We recruited 26 frequent cannabis users and 11 age-matched non-using controls. Of the 37, 20 users (8f/12m) and 10 controls (5f/5m) completed a verified 21-day abstinence protocol. Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) glutamate and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) were measured with proton MRS at baseline and on abstinent days 7 and 21 in conjunction with measures of cannabis withdrawal and craving (MCQ), sleep difficulties (PSQI) and mood state. We used ANOVA to examine group differences in glutamate and GABA from baseline through day 21 and used linear regression to evaluate correlations between intra-individual glutamate and withdrawal symptoms. We found that self-reported anxiety severity (HAMA) was correlated with urinary THC/Cr ratios at baseline (r = 0.768, p = 0.000076) and abstinent day 7 (r = 0.5636, p = 0.0097), dACC glutamate was significantly lower in the users compared with the controls from baseline through day 21 (F = 5.90, p = 0.022), changes in glutamate between baseline and abstinent day 21 had a significantly negative correlation with corresponding changes in craving (r = -0.72, p = 0.005) after adjusting for age, consumption of alcohol/cigarettes, sleep difficulties, and urinary THC levels. These findings provide preliminary evidence that dACC glutamate is associated with the cannabis withdrawal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun S Zuo
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| | - Katherine A Davis
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Scott E Lukas
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
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11
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Kohut SJ, Cao L, Mintzopolous D, Jiang S, Nikas SP, Makriyannis A, Zou CS, Jensen JE, Frederick BB, Bergman J, Kangas BD. Effects of cannabinoid exposure on short-term memory and medial orbitofrontal cortex function and chemistry in adolescent female rhesus macaques. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:998351. [PMID: 36248648 PMCID: PMC9561444 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.998351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim There is increasing concern that cannabinoid exposure during adolescence may disturb brain maturation and produce long-term cognitive deficits. However, studies in human subjects have provided limited evidence for such causality. The present study utilized behavioral and neuroimaging endpoints in female non-human primates to examine the effects of acute and chronic exposure during adolescence to the cannabinoid receptor full agonist, AM2389, on cognitive processing and brain function and chemistry. Materials and methods Adolescent female rhesus macaques were trained on a titrating-delay matching-to-sample (TDMTS) touchscreen task that assays working memory. TDMTS performance was assessed before and during chronic exposure to AM2389, following antagonist (rimonabant) administration, and after discontinuation of the chronic regimen. Resting-state fMRI connectivity and magnetic resonance spectroscopy data were acquired prior to drug treatment, during chronic exposure, and following its discontinuation. Voxels were placed in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), a region involved in memory processing that undergoes maturation during adolescence. Results TDMTS performance was dose-dependently disrupted by acute AM2389; however, chronic treatment resulted in tolerance to these effects. TDMTS performance also was disrupted by discontinuation of the chronic regimen but surprisingly, not by rimonabant administration during chronic AM2389 treatment. mOFC N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio decreased after acute and chronic administration but returned to baseline values following discontinuation of chronic treatment. Finally, intra-network functional connectivity (mOFC) increased during the chronic regimen and returned to baseline values following its discontinuation. Conclusion Neural effects of a cannabinergic drug may persist during chronic exposure, notwithstanding the development of tolerance to behavioral effects. However, such effects dissipate upon discontinuation, reflecting the restorative capacity of affected brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Kohut
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Behavioral Biology Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Stephen J. Kohut,
| | - Lei Cao
- Behavioral Biology Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Dionyssios Mintzopolous
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Shan Jiang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Spyros P. Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Chun S. Zou
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - J. Eric Jensen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Blaise B. Frederick
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Jack Bergman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Behavioral Biology Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Brian D. Kangas
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Behavioral Biology Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
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12
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Sonmez AI, Lewis CP, Port JD, Athreya AP, Choi DS, Zaccariello MJ, Shekunov J, Blacker CJ, Croarkin PE. A pilot spectroscopy study of adversity in adolescents. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2021; 5:100043. [PMID: 35783196 PMCID: PMC9248870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood adversity is a global health problem affecting 25-50% of children worldwide. Few prior studies have examined the underlying neurochemistry of adversity in adolescents. This cross-sectional study examined spectroscopic markers of trauma in a cohort of adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls. We hypothesized that historical adversity would have a negative relationship with spectroscopic measures of glutamate metabolites in anterior cingulate cortex. Methods Adolescent participants (aged 13-21) underwent a semi-structured diagnostic interview and clinical assessment, which included the self-report Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), a 28-item assessment of childhood adversity. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) scans at 3 Tesla of an anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) voxel (8 cm3) encompassing both hemispheres were collected using a 2-dimensional J-averaged sequence to assess N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Glx (glutamate+glutamine) and [NAA]/[Glx] concentrations. Generalized linear models assessed the relationships between CTQ scores and metabolite levels in ACC. Results Thirty-nine participants (17 healthy controls, 22 depressed participants) underwent 1H-MRS and completed the CTQ measures. There were decrements in [NAA]/[Glx] ratio in the ACC of participants with childhood adversity while no significant relationship between CTQ total score and any of the ACC metabolites was found in the combined sample. Exploratory results revealed a positive association between Glx levels and CTQ scores in depressed participants. Conversely the [NAA]/[Glx] ratio had a negative association with total CTQ scores in the depressed participants. Emotional Abuse Scale showed a significant negative relationship with [NAA]/[Glx] ratio in the combined sample when adjusted for depression severity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that childhood adversity may impact brain neurochemical profiles. Further longitudinal studies should examine neurochemical correlates of childhood adversity throughout development and in populations with other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Irem Sonmez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Charles P. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John D. Port
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Arjun P. Athreya
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Doo-Sop Choi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael J. Zaccariello
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julia Shekunov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Caren J. Blacker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul E. Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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13
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Kantrowitz JT, Dong Z, Milak MS, Rashid R, Kegeles LS, Javitt DC, Lieberman JA, John Mann J. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex Glx, glutamate, and GABA levels in medication-free major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:419. [PMID: 34354048 PMCID: PMC8342485 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). GABA levels or GABAergic interneuron numbers are generally low in MDD, potentially disinhibiting Glu release. It is unclear whether Glu release or turnover is increased in depression. Conversely, a meta-analysis of prefrontal proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) studies in MDD finds low Glx (combination of glutamate and glutamine) in medicated MDD. We hypothesize that elevated Glx or Glu may be a marker of more severe, untreated MDD. We examined ventromedial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex (vmPFC/ACC) Glx and glutamate levels using 1H MRS in 34 medication-free, symptomatic, chronically ill MDD patients and 32 healthy volunteers, and GABA levels in a subsample. Elevated Glx and Glu were observed in MDD compared with healthy volunteers, with the highest levels seen in males with MDD. vmPFC/ACC GABA was low in MDD. Higher Glx levels correlated with more severe depression and lower GABA. MDD severity and diagnosis were both linked to higher Glx in vmPFC/ACC. Low GABA in a subset of these patients is consistent with our hypothesized model of low GABA leading to glutamate disinhibition in MDD. This finding and model are consistent with our previously reported findings that the NMDAR-antagonist antidepressant effect is proportional to the reduction of vmPFC/ACC Glx or Glu levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Kantrowitz
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA ,grid.250263.00000 0001 2189 4777Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY USA
| | - Zhengchao Dong
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Matthew S. Milak
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Rain Rashid
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Lawrence S. Kegeles
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Radiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA
| | - Daniel C. Javitt
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA ,grid.250263.00000 0001 2189 4777Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Lieberman
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - J. John Mann
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Radiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA
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14
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Posse S, Sa De La Rocque Guimaraes B, Hutchins-Delgado T, Vakamudi K, Fotso Tagne K, Moeller S, Dager SR. On the acquisition of the water signal during water suppression: High-speed MR spectroscopic imaging with water referencing and concurrent functional MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4261. [PMID: 31999397 PMCID: PMC7390701 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the utility of concurrent water signal acquisition as part of the water suppression in MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), to allow simultaneous water referencing for metabolite quantification, and to concurrently acquire functional MRI (fMRI) data. We integrated a spatial-spectral binomial water excitation RF pulse and a short spatial-spectral echo-planar readout into the water suppression module of 2D and 3D proton-echo-planar-spectroscopic-imaging (PEPSI) with a voxel size as small as 4 x 4 x 6 mm3 . Metabolite quantification in reference to tissue water was validated in healthy controls for different prelocalization methods (spin-echo, PRESS and semi-LASER) and the clinical feasibility of a 3-minute 3D semi-Laser PEPSI scan (TR/TE: 1250/32 ms) with water referencing in patients with brain tumors was demonstrated. Spectral quality, SNR, Cramer-Rao-lower-bounds and water suppression efficiency were comparable with conventional PEPSI. Metabolite concentration values in reference to tissue water, using custom LCModel-based spectral fitting with relaxation correction, were in the range of previous studies and independent of the prelocalization method used. Next, we added a phase-encoding undersampled echo-volumar imaging (EVI) module during water suppression to concurrently acquire metabolite maps with water referencing and fMRI data during task execution and resting state in healthy controls. Integration of multimodal signal acquisition prolongated minimum TR by less than 50 ms on average. Visual and motor activation in concurrent fMRI/MRSI (TR: 1250-1500 ms, voxel size: 4 x 4 x 6 mm3 ) was readily detectable in single-task blocks with percent signal change comparable with conventional fMRI. Resting-state connectivity in sensory and motor networks was detectable in 4 minutes. This hybrid water suppression approach for multimodal imaging has the potential to significantly reduce scan time and extend neuroscience research and clinical applications through concurrent quantitative MRSI and fMRI acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Posse
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Bruno Sa De La Rocque Guimaraes
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | | | - Kishore Vakamudi
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kevin Fotso Tagne
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Steen Moeller
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Stephen R Dager
- Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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15
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Choi IY, Andronesi OC, Barker P, Bogner W, Edden RAE, Kaiser LG, Lee P, Marjańska M, Terpstra M, de Graaf RA. Spectral editing in 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Experts' consensus recommendations. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4411. [PMID: 32946145 PMCID: PMC8557623 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Spectral editing in in vivo 1 H-MRS provides an effective means to measure low-concentration metabolite signals that cannot be reliably measured by conventional MRS techniques due to signal overlap, for example, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutathione and D-2-hydroxyglutarate. Spectral editing strategies utilize known J-coupling relationships within the metabolite of interest to discriminate their resonances from overlying signals. This consensus recommendation paper provides a brief overview of commonly used homonuclear editing techniques and considerations for data acquisition, processing and quantification. Also, we have listed the experts' recommendations for minimum requirements to achieve adequate spectral editing and reliable quantification. These include selecting the right editing sequence, dealing with frequency drift, handling unwanted coedited resonances, spectral fitting of edited spectra, setting up multicenter clinical trials and recommending sequence parameters to be reported in publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ovidiu C Andronesi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, F. M. Kirby Center for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, F. M. Kirby Center for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lana G Kaiser
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Phil Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Melissa Terpstra
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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16
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Iqbal Z, Nguyen D, Thomas MA, Jiang S. Deep learning can accelerate and quantify simulated localized correlated spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8727. [PMID: 33888805 PMCID: PMC8062502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows for the determination of atomic structures and concentrations of different chemicals in a biochemical sample of interest. MRS is used in vivo clinically to aid in the diagnosis of several pathologies that affect metabolic pathways in the body. Typically, this experiment produces a one dimensional (1D) 1H spectrum containing several peaks that are well associated with biochemicals, or metabolites. However, since many of these peaks overlap, distinguishing chemicals with similar atomic structures becomes much more challenging. One technique capable of overcoming this issue is the localized correlated spectroscopy (L-COSY) experiment, which acquires a second spectral dimension and spreads overlapping signal across this second dimension. Unfortunately, the acquisition of a two dimensional (2D) spectroscopy experiment is extremely time consuming. Furthermore, quantitation of a 2D spectrum is more complex. Recently, artificial intelligence has emerged in the field of medicine as a powerful force capable of diagnosing disease, aiding in treatment, and even predicting treatment outcome. In this study, we utilize deep learning to: (1) accelerate the L-COSY experiment and (2) quantify L-COSY spectra. All training and testing samples were produced using simulated metabolite spectra for chemicals found in the human body. We demonstrate that our deep learning model greatly outperforms compressed sensing based reconstruction of L-COSY spectra at higher acceleration factors. Specifically, at four-fold acceleration, our method has less than 5% normalized mean squared error, whereas compressed sensing yields 20% normalized mean squared error. We also show that at low SNR (25% noise compared to maximum signal), our deep learning model has less than 8% normalized mean squared error for quantitation of L-COSY spectra. These pilot simulation results appear promising and may help improve the efficiency and accuracy of L-COSY experiments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Iqbal
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Dan Nguyen
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Michael Albert Thomas
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve Jiang
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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17
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Cheng H, Wang A, Newman S, Dydak U. An investigation of glutamate quantification with PRESS and MEGA-PRESS. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4453. [PMID: 33617070 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is an important neurotransmitter. Although many studies have measured glutamate concentration in vivo using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), researchers have not reached a consensus on the accuracy of glutamate quantification at the field strength of 3 T. Besides, there is not an optimal MRS protocol for glutamate measurement. In this work, both simulation and phantom scans indicate that glutamate can be estimated with reasonable accuracy (<10% error on average) using the standard Point-RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) technique with TE 30 ms; glutamine, however, is likely underestimated, which is also suggested by results from human scans using the same protocol. The phantom results show an underestimation of glutamate and glutamine for PRESS with long TE and MEGA-PRESS off-resonance spectra. Despite the underestimation, there is a high correlation between the measured values and the true values (r > 0.8). Our results suggest that the quantification of glutamate and glutamine is reliable but can be off by a scaling factor, depending on the imaging technique. The outputs from all three PRESS sequences (TE = 30, 68 and 80 ms) are also highly correlated with each other (r > 0.7) and moderately correlated (r > 0.5) with the results from the MEGA-PRESS difference spectra with moderate to good shimming (linewidth < 16 Hz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Program of Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Amanda Wang
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Sharlene Newman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Program of Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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19
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Kohut SJ, Kaufman MJ. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of substance use disorders: Current landscape and potential future directions. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 200:173090. [PMID: 33333132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over 200 in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of substance use and related disorders (SUD) were published this past decade. The large majority of this work used proton (1H)-MRS to characterize effects of acute and chronic exposures to drugs of abuse on human brain metabolites including N-acetylaspartate, choline-containing metabolites, creatine plus phosphocreatine, glutamate, and GABA. Some studies used phosphorus (31P)-MRS to quantify biomarkers of cerebral metabolism including phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate. A few studies used carbon (13C)-MRS to quantify intermediary metabolism. This Mini-review discusses select studies that illustrate how MRS can complement neurocircuitry research including by use of multimodal imaging strategies that combine MRS with functional MRI (fMRI) and/or diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Additionally, magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), which enables simultaneous multivoxel MRS acquisitions, can be used to better understand and interpret whole-brain functional or structural connectivity data. The review discusses some limitations in MRS methodology and then highlights important knowledge gaps and areas for potential future investigation, including the use of 1H- and 31P-MRS to quantify cerebral metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and brain temperature, all of which are associated with SUD and all of which can influence neurocircuitry and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Kohut
- Behavioral Biology Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Marc J Kaufman
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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20
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Sonmez AI, Lewis CP, Port JD, Cabello-Arreola A, Blacker CJ, Seewoo BJ, McKean AJ, Leffler JM, Frye MA, Croarkin PE. Glutamatergic Correlates of Bipolar Symptoms in Adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2020; 30:599-605. [PMID: 33179961 PMCID: PMC7757593 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2020.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Prior studies demonstrate elevated cortical glutamate (Glu) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Studies assessing neurochemistry in early stages of bipolar illness before the emergence of manic symptoms are lacking. This study aimed to examine neurochemical correlates measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and a dimensional measure of bipolarity in a sample of depressed adolescents. Methods: Adolescent participants (aged 13-21 years) underwent a semistructured diagnostic interview and clinical assessment, which included the General Behavior Inventory Parent Version (P-GBI), a 73-item, parent-rated assessment of symptoms and behaviors. 1H-MRS scans of a left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) voxel (8 cm3) were collected using a two-dimensional J-averaged sequence to assess N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Glu, Glx (glutamate + glutamine), and NAA/Glx concentrations. We used generalized linear models to assess the relationships between P-GBI scores and metabolite levels in L-DLPFC. Results: Thirty-six participants (17 healthy controls, 19 depressed) underwent 1H-MRS scans and clinical evaluation with the P-GBI. There was a significant negative relationship between P-GBI score and L-DLPFC NAA/Glx in the whole sample. However, the magnitude of the effect was small and statistical significance was lost after correcting for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that NAA/Glx may have utility as a marker of bipolar traits in healthy and depressed adolescents. If replicated, 1H-MRS measures of glutamatergic metabolism anomalies might have a role in identifying depressed adolescents at risk for mixed symptom presentations or BD. Identifying bipolarity in the early stages of the disease would have a significant impact on treatment planning and prognosis. Further longitudinal studies should examine neurochemical correlates of mood state during the developmental emergence of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Irem Sonmez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Charles P. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John D. Port
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Caren J. Blacker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bhedita J. Seewoo
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Alastair J. McKean
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jarrod M. Leffler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul E. Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Address correspondence to: Paul E. Croarkin, DO, MSCS, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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21
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Giménez M, Cano M, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Real E, Alonso P, Segalàs C, Munuera J, Kegeles LS, Weinstein JJ, Xu X, Menchón JM, Cardoner N, Soriano-Mas C, Fullana MA. Is glutamate associated with fear extinction and cognitive behavior therapy outcome in OCD? A pilot study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:1003-1014. [PMID: 31432262 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) including exposure and response prevention is a well-established treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and is based on the principles of fear extinction. Fear extinction is linked to structural and functional variability in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and has been consistently associated with glutamate neurotransmission. The relationship between vmPFC glutamate and fear extinction and its effects on CBT outcome have not yet been explored in adults with OCD. We assessed glutamate levels in the vmPFC using 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and fear extinction (learning and recall) using skin conductance responses during a 2-day experimental paradigm in OCD patients (n = 17) and in healthy controls (HC; n = 13). Obsessive-compulsive patients (n = 12) then received manualized CBT. Glutamate in the vmPFC was negatively associated with fear extinction recall and positively associated with CBT outcome (with higher glutamate levels predicting a better outcome) in OCD patients. Glutamate levels in the vmPFC in OCD patients were not significantly different from those in HC, and were not associated with OCD severity. Our results suggest that glutamate in the vmPFC is associated with fear extinction recall and CBT outcome in adult OCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giménez
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Cano
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Martínez-Zalacaín
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Real
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Alonso
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Segalàs
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Munuera
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Fundació de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L S Kegeles
- Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, 10032, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, 10032, USA
| | - J J Weinstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, 10032, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, 10032, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 101 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - X Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, 10032, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, 10032, USA
| | - J M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Cardoner
- Depression and Anxiety Program, Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Sabadell, Hospital Universitari, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, 08193, Cerdanyola Del Vallès Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Building B1, Ca n'Altayó, s/n, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Fullana
- Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, 08193, Cerdanyola Del Vallès Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Psychiatry Department, Hospital Clínic-Institute of Neurosciences, CIBERSAM, C/Rosselló 140, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Coimbra BM, Yeh M, D'Elia AT, Maciel MR, Carvalho CM, Milani AC, Mozzambani A, Juruena M, Belangero SI, Jackowski AP, Poyares D, Mello AF, Mello MF. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Neuroprogression in Women Following Sexual Assault: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Allostatic Load and Aging Process Acceleration. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e19162. [PMID: 33206061 PMCID: PMC7710442 DOI: 10.2196/19162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, chronic, and severe disorder related to traumatic events. Women are disproportionately affected by PTSD than men and are more at risk in the occurrence of sexual assault victimization. Estimates suggest that 50% of women develop PTSD following sexual assault and successful clinical management can be challenging. Growing evidence has implicated neural, immune, and endocrine alterations underpinning PTSD, but only few studies have assessed the evolution of acute PTSD in women. OBJECTIVE This study aims to measure whether the onset of PTSD is associated with accelerated aging in women following sexual assault. We hypothesize that the increase of allostatic load caused by PTSD leads to neuroprogression. We will implement a randomized clinical trial to compare responses to treatment with either interpersonal psychotherapy adapted for PTSD (IPT-PTSD) or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline. METHODS We will include women between 18 and 45 years of age, who experienced sexual assault from 1 to 6 months before the initial evaluation, and present with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) diagnosis of PTSD. Baseline evaluation will comprise clinical and psychometric assessments, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, neuropsychological testing, polysomnography, evaluation of immune and endocrine parameters, and genetic analyses. Age-matched female healthy controls will be included and subjected to the same evaluation. Patients will be randomized for treatment in 1 of the 2 arms of the study for 14 weeks; follow-up will continue until 1 year after inclusion via treatment as usual. The researchers will collect clinical and laboratory data during periodic clinical assessments up to 1-year follow-up. RESULTS Data collection started in early 2016 and will be completed by the end of the first semester of 2020. Analyses will be performed soon afterward, followed by the elaboration of several articles. Articles will be submitted in early 2021. This research project has obtained a grant from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 2014/12559-5). CONCLUSIONS We expect to provide insight into the consequences of recent sexual assault exposure in women by investigating the degree of neuroprogression developing from an early stage of PTSD. We also expect to provide important evidence on the efficacy of a non-exposure psychotherapy (IPT-PTSD) to mitigate PTSD symptoms in recently sexually assaulted women. Further, we aim to obtain evidence on how treatment outcomes are associated with neuroprogression measures. TRIAL REGISTRATION Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry RBR-3z474z; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3z474z/. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/19162.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Messina Coimbra
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mary Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Teresa D'Elia
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rangel Maciel
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Muniz Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Milani
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Mozzambani
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Juruena
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Parolin Jackowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dalva Poyares
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Feijo Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Feijo Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Newman SD, Cheng H, Kim DJ, Schnakenberg-Martin A, Dydak U, Dharmadhikari S, Hetrick W, O'Donnell B. An investigation of the relationship between glutamate and resting state connectivity in chronic cannabis users. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:2062-2071. [PMID: 31302844 PMCID: PMC6955389 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human and animal studies have shown that heavy cannabis (CB) use interacts with glutamatergic signaling. Additionally, recent studies have suggested that glutamate (Glu) may drive resting state functional connectivity (RSfc). The aims of the current preliminary study were to: 1) determine whether dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) Glu is related to RSfc between the dACC and two nodes of the reward network, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus (Hp); and 2) determine whether CB use interacts with the relationship between dACC Glu and RSfc. A group of 23 chronic CB users and 23 healthy controls participated in this multimodal MRI study. Glu levels were assessed in the dACC using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Linear regression models were used to determine whether dACC Glu and CB use predicts RSfc between the dACC and the NAc and Hp. While the effect size is small, the results showed that the connectivity between the dACC and right NAc was predicted by the interaction between dACC Glu levels and monthly CB use. Additionally, while there is some suggestion that dACC Glu is correlated with dACC-hippocampal connectivity, unlike for dACC/NAc connectivity the relationship between them does not appear to be affected by CB use. These preliminary findings are significant in that they demonstrate the need for future studies with larger sample sizes to better characterize the relationship between resting state connectivity and neurochemistry as well as to characterize how CB use interacts with that relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene D Newman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Hu Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Dae-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | | | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shalmali Dharmadhikari
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - William Hetrick
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Brian O'Donnell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize current literature in which neurochemical and structural brain imaging were used to investigate chronic migraine (CM) pathophysiology and to further discuss the clinical implications. RECENT FINDINGS Spectroscopic and structural MRI studies have shown the presence of both impaired metabolism and structural alterations in the brain of CM patients. Metabolic changes in key brain regions support the notion of altered energetics and homeostasis as part of CM pathophysiology. Furthermore, CM, like other chronic pain disorders, may undergo structural reorganization in pain-related brain regions following near persistent endogenous painful input. Finally, both imaging techniques may provide potential biomarkers of disease state and progression and may help guide novel therapeutic interventions or strategies. Spectroscopic and structural MRI have revealed novel aspects of CM pathophysiology. Findings from the former support the metabolic theory of migraine pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Lai
- Department of Neurology, The Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David M Niddam
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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25
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Dacko M, Lange T. Flexible MEGA editing scheme with asymmetric adiabatic pulses applied for T 2 measurement of lactate in human brain. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:1160-1174. [PMID: 32975334 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A flexible MEGA editing scheme which decouples the editing efficiency from TE is proposed and the utility of asymmetric adiabatic pulses for this new technique is explored. It is demonstrated that the method enables robust T 2 measurement of lactate in healthy human brain. METHODS The proposed variation of the MEGA scheme applies editing pulses in both acquired spectra, ensuring that the difference in J-evolution of the target resonance leads to maximal signal yield in the difference spectrum for arbitrary TE. A MEGA-sLASER sequence is augmented with asymmetric adiabatic editing pulses for enhanced flexibility and immunity to B 1 + miscalibration and inhomogeneities. The technique is validated and optimized for flexible lactate editing via a simple analytical model, numerical simulations and in vitro experiments. The T 2 relaxation constant of lactate is determined in vivo via multiple-TE measurements with the proposed method and a dedicated postprocessing and quantification approach. RESULTS Asymmetric adiabatic editing pulses improve robustness and facilitate efficient J-editing in sequences or protocols with strong timing constraints. Single voxel measurements using the proposed MEGA scheme in the occipital cortex of six healthy subjects yield a relaxation constant of T 2 = 171 ± 19 ms for the methyl resonance of lactate at a field strength of 3T. CONCLUSIONS The proposed MEGA editing scheme allows for novel kinds of J-editing experiments and promises to be an asset to robust T 2 measurement of lactate and potentially other J-coupled metabolites in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dacko
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lange
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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An L, Araneta MF, Victorino M, Shen J. Signal enhancement of glutamine and glutathione by single-step spectral editing. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 316:106756. [PMID: 32521478 PMCID: PMC7385909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A single-step spectral editing approach using an always-on editing pulse was proposed to enhance the signals of strongly coupled spins. Specifically, a single-step spectral editing sequence with an always-on editing pulse applied at 2.12 ppm was used to enhance glutamine (Gln) and glutathione (GSH) signals at TE = 56 ms on a 7 T scanner. Density matrix simulations demonstrated that the current method (TE = 56 ms) led to large signal enhancement of at least 61% for Gln and 51% for GSH compared to a previous single-step method (TE = 106 ms). Monte Carlo simulations showed that the current method reduced noise-originated variations by 31% for Gln and 26% for GSH compared to a previous three-step spectral editing method from which the present method was derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Maria Ferraris Araneta
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Milalynn Victorino
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jun Shen
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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27
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Menshchikov P, Ivantsova A, Manzhurtsev A, Ublinskiy M, Yakovlev A, Melnikov I, Kupriyanov D, Akhadov T, Semenova N. Separate N-acetyl aspartyl glutamate, N-acetyl aspartate, aspartate, and glutamate quantification after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury in the acute phase. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:2918-2931. [PMID: 32544309 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To separately measure N-acetyl aspartul glutamate (NAAG), N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), aspartate (Asp), and glutamate (Glu) concentrations in white matter (WM) using J-editing techniques in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in the acute phase. METHODS Twenty-four patients with closed concussive head injury and 29 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the current study. For extended 1 H MRS examination, patients and controls were equally divided into two subgroups. In subgroup 1 (12 patients/15 controls), NAAG and NAA concentrations were measured in WM separately with MEGA-PRESS (echo time/repetition time [TE/TR] = 140/2000 ms; δ ON NAA / δ OFF NAA = 4.84/4.38 ppm, δ ON NAAG / δ OFF NAAG = 4.61/4.15 ppm). In subgroup 2 (12 patients/14 controls), Asp and Glu concentrations were acquired with MEGA-PRESS (TE/TR = 90/2000 ms; δ ON Asp / δ OFF Asp = 3.89/5.21 ppm) and TE-averaged PRESS (TE from 35 ms to 185 ms with 2.5-ms increments; TR = 2000 ms) pulse sequences, respectively. RESULTS tNAA and NAAG concentrations were found to be reduced, while NAA concentrations were unchanged, after mild mTBI. Reduced Asp and elevated myo-inositol (mI) concentrations were also found. CONCLUSION The main finding of the study is that the tNAA signal reduction in WM after mTBI is associated with a decrease in the NAAG concentration rather than a decrease in the NAA concentration, as was thought previously. This finding highlights the importance of separating these signals, at least for WM studies, to avoid misinterpretation of the results. NAAG plays an important role in selectively activating mGluR3 receptors, thus providing neuroprotective and neuroreparative functions immediately after mTBI. NAAG shows potential for the development of new therapeutic strategies for patients with injuries of varying severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Menshchikov
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Paediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Ivantsova
- Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Paediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei Manzhurtsev
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Paediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Ublinskiy
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Paediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Yakovlev
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Paediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya Melnikov
- Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Paediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Tolib Akhadov
- Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Paediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Semenova
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Paediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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28
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Zhang Y, Shen J. Effects of noise and linewidth on in vivo analysis of glutamate at 3 T. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 314:106732. [PMID: 32361510 PMCID: PMC8485252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can noninvasively detect metabolites in vivo, including glutamate (Glu). However, quantification is known to be affected by the overlaps among metabolite resonance lines and background macromolecule signals. We found that adding a moderate amount of noise or line broadening (2 Hz) caused large variations in concentration of Glu and other metabolites, when determined by LCModel analysis of in vivo short-echo time (TE) spectra. Theses variations were largely attributed to strong spectral baselines in short TE spectra, especially near 2.35 ppm, as well as overlapping metabolite resonance lines. To address this issue, we acquired in vivo data at 3 T using both short-TE and the multiple echo time J-resolved point-resolved spectroscopy (JPRESS) MRS techniques. We found that one-dimensional (1D) JPRESS, by simultaneously fitting the two cross-sections of JPRESS at J = 0 and J = 7.5 Hz, was highly resistant to variations in noise levels and spectral linewidths. Our results demonstrate that LCModel analysis of short-TE data is highly sensitive to variations in noise levels and spectral linewidths and this sensitivity is greatly reduced by 1D JPRESS given its substantially reduced baselines and enhanced spectral resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- MR Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Jun Shen
- MR Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Lewis CP, Port JD, Blacker CJ, Sonmez AI, Seewoo BJ, Leffler JM, Frye MA, Croarkin PE. Altered anterior cingulate glutamatergic metabolism in depressed adolescents with current suicidal ideation. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:119. [PMID: 32327639 PMCID: PMC7181616 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is involved in emotion regulation and salience processing. Prior research has implicated ACC dysfunction in suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal behavior. This study aimed to quantify ACC glutamatergic concentrations and to examine relationships with SI in a sample of healthy and depressed adolescents. Forty adolescents underwent clinical evaluation and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 3 T, utilizing a 2-dimensional J-averaged PRESS sequence sampling a medial pregenual ACC voxel. Cerebrospinal fluid-corrected ACC metabolite concentrations were compared between healthy control (HC, n = 16), depressed without SI (Dep/SI-, n = 13), and depressed with SI (Dep/SI+, n = 11) youth using general linear models covarying for age, sex, and psychotropic medication use. Relationships between ACC metabolites and continuous measures of SI were examined using multiple linear regressions. ROC analysis was used to determine the ability of glutamate+glutamine (Glx) and the N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Glx ratio to discriminate Dep/SI- and Dep/SI+ adolescents. Dep/SI+ adolescents had higher Glx than Dep/SI- participants (padj = 0.012) and had lower NAA/Glx than both Dep/SI- (padj = 0.002) and HC adolescents (padj = 0.039). There were significant relationships between SI intensity and Glx (pFDR = 0.026), SI severity and NAA/Glx (pFDR = 0.012), and SI intensity and NAA/Glx (pFDR = 0.004). ACC Glx and NAA/Glx discriminated Dep/SI- from Dep/SI+ participants. Uncoupled NAA-glutamatergic metabolism in the ACC may play a role in suicidal ideation and behavior. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish whether aberrant glutamatergic metabolism corresponds to acute or chronic suicide risk. Glutamatergic biomarkers may be promising targets for novel risk assessment and interventional strategies for suicidal ideation and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John D Port
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Caren J Blacker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Irem Sonmez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bhedita J Seewoo
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Brain Plasticity Group, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, Research Infrastructure Centres, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jarrod M Leffler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Peek AL, Rebbeck T, Puts NAJ, Watson J, Aguila MER, Leaver AM. Brain GABA and glutamate levels across pain conditions: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 1H-MRS studies using the MRS-Q quality assessment tool. Neuroimage 2020; 210:116532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Tarumi R, Tsugawa S, Noda Y, Plitman E, Honda S, Matsushita K, Chavez S, Sawada K, Wada M, Matsui M, Fujii S, Miyazaki T, Chakravarty MM, Uchida H, Remington G, Graff-Guerrero A, Mimura M, Nakajima S. Levels of glutamatergic neurometabolites in patients with severe treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:632-640. [PMID: 31842203 PMCID: PMC7021829 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 30% of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to antipsychotics and are thus considered to have treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). To date, only four studies have examined glutamatergic neurometabolite levels using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in patients with TRS, collectively suggesting that glutamatergic dysfunction may be implicated in the pathophysiology of TRS. Notably, the TRS patient population in these studies had mild-to-moderate illness severity, which is not entirely reflective of what is observed in clinical practice. In this present work, we compared glutamate + glutamine (Glx) levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and caudate among patients with TRS, patients with non-TRS, and healthy controls (HCs), using 3T 1H-MRS (PRESS, TE = 35 ms). TRS criteria were defined by severe positive symptoms (i.e., ≥5 on 2 Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)-positive symptom items or ≥4 on 3 PANSS-positive symptom items), despite standard antipsychotic treatment. A total of 95 participants were included (29 TRS patients [PANSS = 111.2 ± 20.4], 33 non-TRS patients [PANSS = 49.8 ± 13.7], and 33 HCs). dACC Glx levels were higher in the TRS group vs. HCs (group effect: F[2,75] = 4.74, p = 0.011; TRS vs. HCs: p = 0.012). No group differences were identified in the caudate. There were no associations between Glx levels and clinical severity in either patient group. Our results are suggestive of greater heterogeneity in TRS relative to non-TRS with respect to dACC Glx levels, necessitating further research to determine biological subtypes of TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tarumi
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.415439.eDepartment of Psychiatry, Komagino Hospital, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Sakiko Tsugawa
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eric Plitman
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bCerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Shiori Honda
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cGraduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karin Matsushita
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cFaculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sofia Chavez
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bCampbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kyosuke Sawada
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Wada
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mie Matsui
- 0000 0001 2308 3329grid.9707.9Department of Clinical Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujii
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cFaculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyazaki
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bCerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan ,0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bCampbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bCampbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bCampbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Masaru Mimura
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. .,Campbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Shen J, Shenkar D, An L, Tomar JS. Local and Interregional Neurochemical Associations Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Studying Brain Functions and Psychiatric Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:802. [PMID: 32848957 PMCID: PMC7432119 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have found significant correlations among neurometabolites (e.g., between glutamate and GABA) across individual subjects and altered correlations in neuropsychiatric disorders. In this article, we discuss neurochemical associations among several major neurometabolites which underpin these observations by MRS. We also illustrate the role of spectral editing in eliminating unwanted correlations caused by spectral overlapping. Finally, we describe the prospects of mapping macroscopic neurochemical associations across the brain and characterizing excitation-inhibition balance of neural networks using glutamate- and GABA-editing MRS imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dina Shenkar
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Li An
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jyoti Singh Tomar
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Longitudinal assessment of 1H-MRS (GABA and Glx) and TMS measures of cortical inhibition and facilitation in the sensorimotor cortex. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:3461-3474. [PMID: 31734787 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the long-term stability of water-referenced GABA and Glx neurometabolite concentrations in the sensorimotor cortex using MRS and to assess the long-term stability of GABA- and glutamate-related intracortical excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Healthy individuals underwent two sessions of MRS and TMS at a 3-month interval. A MEGA-PRESS sequence was used at 3 T to acquire MRS signals in the sensorimotor cortex. Metabolites were quantified by basis spectra fitting and metabolite concentrations were derived using unsuppressed water reference scans accounting for relaxation and partial volume effects. TMS was performed using published standards. After performing stability and reliability analyses for MRS and TMS, reliable change indexes were computed for all measures with a statistically significant test-retest correlation. No significant effect of time was found for GABA, Glx and TMS measures. There was an excellent ICC and a strong correlation across time for GABA and Glx. Analysis of TMS measure stability revealed an excellent ICC for rMT CSP and %MSO and a fair ICC for 2 ms SICI. There was no significant correlation between MRS and TMS measures at any time point. This study shows that MRS-GABA and MRS-Glx of the sensorimotor cortex have good stability over a 3-month period, with variability across time comparable to that reported in other brain areas. While resting motor threshold, %MSO and CSP were found to be stable and reliable, other TMS measures had greater variability and lesser reliability.
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34
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Newman SD, Cheng H, Schnakenberg Martin A, Dydak U, Dharmadhikari S, Hetrick W, O’Donnell B. An Investigation of Neurochemical Changes in Chronic Cannabis Users. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:318. [PMID: 31607877 PMCID: PMC6761299 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the legalization of recreational cannabis (CB) the characterization of how it may impact brain chemistry is essential. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to examine neurometabolite concentrations in the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) in chronic CB users (N = 26; 10 females) and controls (N = 24; 10 females). The concentrations of glutamate (Glu), total creatine (tCr), choline (Cho), total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA), and myo-inositol (mI) were estimated using LCModel. The ANCOVAs failed to show significant differences between controls and CB users. Regression analyses were then performed on the CB group to model each neurometabolite to determine its relationship to monthly CB use, sex, the interaction between CB use and sex. tCr was found to be predicted by both monthly CB use and sex. While the regression model was not significant the relationship between monthly CB use and Glu appears to be modulated by sex with the effect of monthly use (dose) being stronger in males. tNAA failed to show an effect of CB use but did reveal an effect of sex with females showing larger tNAA levels. Although the results presented are preliminary due to the small sample size they do guide future research. The results presented provide direction for further studies as they suggest that dose may significantly influence the observance of CB effects and that those effects may be modulated by sex. Studies with significantly larger sample sizes designed specifically to examine individuals with varying usage as well as sex effects are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene D. Newman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Hu Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | | | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Shalmali Dharmadhikari
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - William Hetrick
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Brian O’Donnell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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35
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Bennett CD, Gill SK, Kohe SE, Wilson MP, Davies NP, Arvanitis TN, Tennant DA, Peet AC. Ex vivo metabolite profiling of paediatric central nervous system tumours reveals prognostic markers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10473. [PMID: 31324817 PMCID: PMC6642141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumours are the most common cause of cancer death in children. Molecular studies have greatly improved our understanding of these tumours but tumour metabolism is underexplored. Metabolites measured in vivo have been reported as prognostic biomarkers of these tumours but analysis of surgically resected tumour tissue allows a more extensive set of metabolites to be measured aiding biomarker discovery and providing validation of in vivo findings. In this study, metabolites were quantified across a range of paediatric brain tumours using 1H-High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR-MAS) and their prognostic potential investigated. HR-MAS was performed on pre-treatment frozen tumour tissue from a single centre. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was used to examine the ability of metabolites to predict survival. The models were cross validated using C-indices and further validated by splitting the cohort into two. Higher concentrations of glutamine were predictive of a longer overall survival, whilst higher concentrations of lipids were predictive of a shorter overall survival. These metabolites were predictive independent of diagnosis, as demonstrated in multivariate Cox regression models. Whilst accurate quantification of metabolites such as glutamine in vivo is challenging, metabolites show promise as prognostic markers due to development of optimised detection methods and increasing use of 3 T clinical scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Bennett
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simrandip K Gill
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Kohe
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin P Wilson
- Birmingham University Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel P Davies
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Theodoros N Arvanitis
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew C Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Smaragdi A, Chavez S, Lobaugh NJ, Meyer JH, Kolla NJ. Differential levels of prefrontal cortex glutamate+glutamine in adults with antisocial personality disorder and bipolar disorder: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 93:250-255. [PMID: 30959086 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, glutamate, as measured in combination with glutamine (Glx), is implicated in several psychopathologies when levels are aberrant. One illness that shows heightened Glx levels is bipolar disorder (BD), an illness characterized by high impulsivity. In addition, although animal studies have reported elevated levels of Glx in aggressive and impulsive phenotypes, no study, to our knowledge, has reported Glx in the human cortex in relation to aggression. Here, we addressed the question of whether elevated levels of Glx would be present in patients with BD and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), a condition associated with aggression and, like BD, also presents high impulsivity. We recruited individuals with ASPD (n = 18), individuals with BD (n = 16), and a healthy control group (n = 24). We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure relative neurometabolite concentrations in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and supra-genual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), two brain regions associated with impulsivity and behavior control. We found significantly elevated levels of Glx in the ASPD group relative to the BD and healthy control groups in the dlPFC (p = .014), and a positive correlation between Glx levels and aggression in the dlPFC in the ASPD group alone (r = .59, p = .026). These findings suggest a link between aggression in ASPD and Glx levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Smaragdi
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, Forensic Psychiatry, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada; Child Development Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sofia Chavez
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy J Lobaugh
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan J Kolla
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, Forensic Psychiatry, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Criminology and Sociological Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada.
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Landheer K, Schulte RF, Treacy MS, Swanberg KM, Juchem C. Theoretical description of modern1H in Vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic pulse sequences. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1008-1029. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Landheer
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
| | | | - Michael S. Treacy
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
| | - Kelley M. Swanberg
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
- Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York USA
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Genetic variant in SLC1A2 is associated with elevated anterior cingulate cortex glutamate and lifetime history of rapid cycling. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:149. [PMID: 31123248 PMCID: PMC6533282 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamatergic dysregulation is implicated in the neurobiology of mood disorders. This study investigated the relationship between the anterior cingulate cortex (AC) glutamate, as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from four genes (GLUL, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, and SLC1A7) that regulate the extracellular glutamate in 26 depressed patients with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 15) and bipolar disorder (BD; n = 11). Two SNPs (rs3812778 and rs3829280), in perfect linkage disequilibrium, in the 3' untranslated region of the EAAT2 gene SLC1A2, were associated with AC glutamate, with minor allele carriers having significantly higher glutamate levels (p < 0.001) in comparison with common allele homozygotes. In silico analysis revealed an association of minor allele carriers of rs3812778/rs382920 with an upregulation of the astrocytic marker CD44 localized downstream of SLC1A2 on chromosome 11. Finally, we tested the disease relevance of these SNPs in a large group of depressed patients [MDD (n = 458); BD (n = 1473)] and found that minor allele carriers had a significantly higher risk for rapid cycling (p = 0.006). Further work is encouraged to delineate the functional impact of excitatory amino acid transporter genetic variation on CD44 associated physiology and glutamatergic neurotransmission, specifically glutamate-glutamine cycling, and its contribution to subphenotypes of mood disorders.
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Carlin D, Babourina-Brooks B, Arvanitis TN, Wilson M, Peet AC. Short-acquisition-time JPRESS and its application to paediatric brain tumours. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 32:247-258. [PMID: 30460431 PMCID: PMC6424926 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and assess a short-duration JPRESS protocol for detection of overlapping metabolite biomarkers and its application to paediatric brain tumours at 3 Tesla. MATERIALS AND METHODS The short-duration protocol (6 min) was optimised and compared for spectral quality to a high-resolution (38 min) JPRESS protocol in a phantom and five healthy volunteers. The 6-min JPRESS was acquired from four paediatric brain tumours and compared with short-TE PRESS. RESULTS Metabolite identification between the 6- and 38-min protocols was comparable in phantom and volunteer data. For metabolites with Cramer-Rao lower bounds > 50%, interpretation of JPRESS increased confidence in assignment of lactate, myo-Inositol and scyllo-Inositol. JPRESS also showed promise for the detection of glycine and taurine in paediatric brain tumours when compared to short-TE MRS. CONCLUSION A 6-min JPRESS protocol is well tolerated in paediatric brain tumour patients. Visual inspection of a 6-min JPRESS spectrum enables identification of a range of metabolite biomarkers of clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Carlin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Ben Babourina-Brooks
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Theodoros N Arvanitis
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Martin Wilson
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Andrew C Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.
- Clinical Research Block, Institute of Child Health, Whittall Street, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK.
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40
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Tan Z, Long X, Tian F, Huang L, Xie F, Li S. Alterations in Brain Metabolites in Patients with Epilepsy with Impaired Consciousness: A Case-Control Study of Interictal Multivoxel 1H-MRS Findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:245-252. [PMID: 30679211 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous studies have shown perfusion abnormalities in the thalamus and upper brain stem in patients with epilepsy with impaired consciousness. We hypothesized that these areas associated with consciousness will also show metabolic abnormalities. However, metabolic abnormalities in those areas correlated with consciousness has not been characterized with multiple-voxel 1H-MRS. In this study, we investigated the metabolic alterations in these brain regions and assessed the correlation between seizure features and metabolic alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-seven patients with epilepsy and 24 control subjects underwent routine MR imaging and 3D multiple-voxel 1H-MRS. Patients were divided into 3 subgroups: focal impaired awareness seizures (n = 18), primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (n = 19), and secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (n = 20). The measured metabolite alterations in NAA/Cr, NAA/(Cr + Cho), and Cho/Cr ratios in brain regions associated with the consciousness network were compared between the patient and control groups. ROIs were placed in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, precuneus, thalamus, and upper brain stem. Correlations between clinical parameters (epilepsy duration and seizure frequency) and metabolite alterations were analyzed. RESULTS Significantly lower NAA/Cr and NAA/(Cho + Cr) ratios (P < .05 and < .01, respectively) were observed in the bilateral thalamus and upper brain stem in all experimental groups, and significantly high Cho/Cr ratios (P < .05) were observed in the right thalamus in the focal impaired awareness seizures group. There were no significant differences in metabolite ratios among the 3 patient groups (P > .05). The secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures group showed a negative correlation between the duration of epilepsy and the NAA/(Cr + Cho) ratio in the bilateral thalamus (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Metabolic alterations were observed in the brain stem and thalamus in patients with epilepsy with impaired consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Tan
- From the Departments of Neurology (Z.T., X.L., F.T., L.H., S.L.)
| | - X Long
- From the Departments of Neurology (Z.T., X.L., F.T., L.H., S.L.)
| | - F Tian
- From the Departments of Neurology (Z.T., X.L., F.T., L.H., S.L.)
| | - L Huang
- From the Departments of Neurology (Z.T., X.L., F.T., L.H., S.L.)
| | - F Xie
- Radiology (F.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - S Li
- From the Departments of Neurology (Z.T., X.L., F.T., L.H., S.L.)
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41
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Nanga RPR, DeBrosse C, Kumar D, Roalf D, McGeehan B, D'Aquilla K, Borthakur A, Hariharan H, Reddy D, Elliott M, Detre JA, Epperson CN, Reddy R. Reproducibility of 2D GluCEST in healthy human volunteers at 7 T. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:2033-2039. [PMID: 29802635 PMCID: PMC6107408 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the reproducibility of gray and white matter glutamate contrast of a brain slice among a small group of healthy volunteers by using the 2D single-slice glutamate CEST (GluCEST) imaging technique. METHODS Six healthy volunteers were scanned multiple times for within-day and between-day reproducibility. One more volunteer was scanned for within-day reproducibility at 7T MRI. Glutamate CEST contrast measurements were calculated for within subjects and among the subjects and the coefficient of variations are reported. RESULTS The GluCEST measurements were highly reproducible in the gray and white matter area of the brain slice, whether it was within-day or between-day with a coefficient of variation of less than 5%. CONCLUSION This preliminary study in a small group of healthy volunteers shows a high degree of reproducibility of GluCEST MRI in brain and holds promise for implementation in studying age-dependent changes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Catherine DeBrosse
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Dushyant Kumar
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - David Roalf
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Brendan McGeehan
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Kevin D'Aquilla
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Arijitt Borthakur
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Hari Hariharan
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Damodara Reddy
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Mark Elliott
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - John A. Detre
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Cynthia Neill Epperson
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
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42
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Mullins PG. Towards a theory of functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS): A meta-analysis and discussion of using MRS to measure changes in neurotransmitters in real time. Scand J Psychol 2018; 59:91-103. [PMID: 29356002 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a powerful tool to investigate neurochemistry and physiology in vivo. Recently researchers have started to use MRS to measure neurotransmitter changes related to neural activity, so called functional MRS (fMRS). Particular interest has been placed on measuring glutamate changes associated with neural function, but differences are reported in the size of changes seen. This review discusses fMRS, and includes meta-analyses of the relative size of glutamate changes seen in fMRS, and the impact experimental design and stimulus paradigm may have. On average glutamate was found to increase by 6.97% (±1.739%) in response to neural activation. However, factors of experimental design may have a large impact on the size of these changes. For example an increase of 4.749% (±1.45%) is seen in block studies compared to an increase of 13.429% (±3.59) in studies using event related paradigms. The stimulus being investigated also seems to play a role with prolonged visual stimuli showing a small mean increase in glutamate of 2.318% (±1.227%) while at the other extreme, pain stimuli show a mean stimulation effect of 14.458% (±3.736%). These differences are discussed with regards to possible physiologic interpretations, as well experimental design implications.
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43
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Prescot AP, Prisciandaro JJ, Miller SR, Ingenito G, Kondo DG, Renshaw PF. Two-Dimensional Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy versus J-Editing for GABA Quantification in Human Brain: Insights from a GABA-Aminotransferase Inhibitor Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13200. [PMID: 30181656 PMCID: PMC6123452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolite-specific, scalar spin-spin coupling constant (J)-editing 1H MRS methods have become gold-standard for measuring brain γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) levels in human brain. Localized, two-dimensional (2D) 1H MRS technology offers an attractive alternative as it significantly alleviates the problem of severe metabolite signal overlap associated with standard 1D MRS and retains spectroscopic information for all MRS-detectable species. However, for metabolites found at low concentration, a direct, in vivo, comprehensive methods comparison is challenging and has not been reported to date. Here, we document an assessment of comparability between 2D 1H MRS and J-editing methods for measuring GABA in human brain. This clinical study is unique in that it involved chronic administration a GABA-amino transferase (AT) inhibitor (CPP-115), which induces substantial increases in brain GABA concentration, with normalization after washout. We report a qualitative and quantitative comparison between these two measurement techniques. In general, GABA concentration changes detected using J-editing were closely mirrored by the 2D 1H MRS time courses. The data presented are particularly encouraging considering recent 2D 1H MRS methodological advances are continuing to improve temporal resolution and spatial coverage for achieving whole-brain, multi-metabolite mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Prescot
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - James J Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas G Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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44
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Tissue metabolite profiles for the characterisation of paediatric cerebellar tumours. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11992. [PMID: 30097636 PMCID: PMC6086878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Paediatric brain tumors are becoming well characterized due to large genomic and epigenomic studies. Metabolomics is a powerful analytical approach aiding in the characterization of tumors. This study shows that common cerebellar tumors have metabolite profiles sufficiently different to build accurate, robust diagnostic classifiers, and that the metabolite profiles can be used to assess differences in metabolism between the tumors. Tissue metabolite profiles were obtained from cerebellar ependymoma (n = 18), medulloblastoma (n = 36), pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 24) and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (n = 5) samples using HR-MAS. Quantified metabolites accurately discriminated the tumors; classification accuracies were 94% for ependymoma and medulloblastoma and 92% for pilocytic astrocytoma. Using current intraoperative examination the diagnostic accuracy was 72% for ependymoma, 90% for medulloblastoma and 89% for pilocytic astrocytoma. Elevated myo-inositol was characteristic of ependymoma whilst high taurine, phosphocholine and glycine distinguished medulloblastoma. Glutamine, hypotaurine and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) were increased in pilocytic astrocytoma. High lipids, phosphocholine and glutathione were important for separating ATRTs from medulloblastomas. This study demonstrates the ability of metabolic profiling by HR-MAS on small biopsy tissue samples to characterize these tumors. Analysis of tissue metabolite profiles has advantages in terms of minimal tissue pre-processing, short data acquisition time giving the potential to be used as part of a rapid diagnostic work-up.
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45
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Glutamate quantification by PRESS or MEGA-PRESS: Validation, repeatability, and concordance. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:107-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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Kim SY, Kaufman MJ, Cohen BM, Jensen JE, Coyle JT, Du F, Öngür D. In Vivo Brain Glycine and Glutamate Concentrations in Patients With First-Episode Psychosis Measured by Echo Time-Averaged Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 4T. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:484-491. [PMID: 29031411 PMCID: PMC5809251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of abnormal glutamateric neurotransmission and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders. The purpose of this study was to quantify in vivo glutamate (Glu) and glycine (Gly) levels in patients with first-episode psychosis as well as age-matched healthy control subjects with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). METHODS The subjects were 46 patients with first-episode psychosis (20 with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, 26 with bipolar disorder) and 50 age-matched healthy control subjects. Glu and Gly levels were measured in vivo in the anterior cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex of the subjects by using the echo time-averaged proton MRS technique at 4T (i.e., modified point resolved spectroscopy sequence: 24 echo time steps with 20-ms increments). Metabolite levels were quantified using LCModel with simulated basis sets. RESULTS Significantly higher Glu and Gly levels were found in both the anterior cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex of patients with first-episode psychosis as compared with healthy control subjects. Glu and Gly levels were positively correlated in patients. Patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and bipolar disorder showed similar abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate abnormally elevated brain Glu and Gly levels in patients with first-episode psychosis by means of echo time-averaged proton MRS at 4T. The findings implicate dysfunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of the acute early phase of psychotic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Young Kim
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA,Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Marc J. Kaufman
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA,Translational Imaging Laboratory, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Bruce M. Cohen
- Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont MA, 02478, USA
| | - J. Eric Jensen
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Joseph T. Coyle
- Laboratory for Psychiatric and Molecular Neuroscience, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Fei Du
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA,Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts.
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47
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Wyss PO, Bianchini C, Scheidegger M, Giapitzakis IA, Hock A, Fuchs A, Henning A. In vivo estimation of transverse relaxation time constant (T2
) of 17 human brain metabolites at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:452-461. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik O. Wyss
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH; Zurich Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Claudio Bianchini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Milan Scheidegger
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Hock
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alexander Fuchs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Anke Henning
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH; Zurich Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics; Tuebingen Germany
- Institute of Physics; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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48
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Dobberthien BJ, Tessier AG, Yahya A. Improved resolution of glutamate, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid with optimized point-resolved spectroscopy sequence timings for their simultaneous quantification at 9.4 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3851. [PMID: 29105187 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are relevant brain metabolites that can be measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). This work optimizes the point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence echo times, TE1 and TE2 , for improved simultaneous quantification of the three metabolites at 9.4 T. Quantification was based on the proton resonances of Gln, Glu and GABA at ≈2.45, ≈2.35 and ≈2.28 ppm, respectively. Glu exhibits overlap with both Gln and GABA; in addition, the Gln peak is contaminated by signal from the strongly coupled protons of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), which resonate at about 2.49 ppm. J-coupling evolution of the protons was characterized numerically and verified experimentally. A {TE1 , TE2 } combination of {106 ms, 16 ms} minimized the NAA signal in the Gln spectral region, whilst retaining Gln, Glu and GABA peaks. The efficacy of the technique was verified on phantom solutions and on rat brain in vivo. LCModel was employed to analyze the in vivo spectra. The average T2 -corrected Gln, Glu and GABA concentrations were found to be 3.39, 11.43 and 2.20 mM, respectively, assuming a total creatine concentration of 8.5 mM. LCModel Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) for Gln, Glu and GABA were in the ranges 14-17%, 4-6% and 16-19%, respectively. The optimal TE resulted in concentrations for Gln and GABA that agreed more closely with literature concentrations compared with concentrations obtained from short-TE spectra acquired with a {TE1 , TE2 } combination of {12 ms, 9 ms}. LCModel estimations were also evaluated with short-TE PRESS and with the optimized long TE of {106 ms, 16 ms}, using phantom solutions of known metabolite concentrations. It was shown that concentrations estimated with LCModel can be inaccurate when combined with short-TE PRESS, where there is peak overlap, even when low (<20%) CRLBs are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony G Tessier
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Atiyah Yahya
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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49
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Sanaei Nezhad F, Anton A, Michou E, Jung J, Parkes LM, Williams SR. Quantification of GABA, glutamate and glutamine in a single measurement at 3 T using GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3847. [PMID: 29130590 PMCID: PMC5765428 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu), major neurotransmitters in the brain, are recycled through glutamine (Gln). All three metabolites can be measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo, although GABA measurement at 3 T requires an extra editing acquisition, such as Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS). In a GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS spectrum, Glu and Gln co-edit with GABA, providing the possibility to measure all three in one acquisition. In this study, we investigated the reliability of the composite Glu + Gln (Glx) peak estimation and the possibility of Glu and Gln separation in GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS spectra. The data acquired in vivo were used to develop a quality assessment framework which identified MEGA-PRESS spectra in which Glu and Gln could be estimated reliably. Phantoms containing Glu, Gln, GABA and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) at different concentrations were scanned using GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS at 3 T. Fifty-six sets of spectra in five brain regions were acquired from 36 healthy volunteers. Based on the Glu/Gln ratio, data were classified as either within or outside the physiological range. A peak-by-peak quality assessment was performed on all data to investigate whether quality metrics can discriminate between these two classes of spectra. The quality metrics were as follows: the GABA signal-to-noise ratio, the NAA linewidth and the Glx Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The Glu and Gln concentrations were estimated with precision across all phantoms with a linear relationship between the measured and true concentrations: R1 = 0.95 for Glu and R1 = 0.91 for Gln. A quality assessment framework was set based on the criteria necessary for a good GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS spectrum. Simultaneous criteria of NAA linewidth <8 Hz and Glx CRLB <16% were defined as optimum features for reliable Glu and Gln quantification. Glu and Gln can be reliably quantified from GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS acquisitions. However, this reliability should be controlled using the quality assessment methods suggested in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Sanaei Nezhad
- Centre for Imaging Science and Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Adriana Anton
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Emilia Michou
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - JeYoung Jung
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Laura M. Parkes
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Stephen R. Williams
- Centre for Imaging Science and Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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50
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Liu XL, Li L, Li JN, Rong JH, Liu B, Hu ZX. Reliability of Glutamate Quantification in Human Nucleus Accumbens Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at a 70-cm Wide-Bore Clinical 3T MRI System. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:686. [PMID: 29259538 PMCID: PMC5723319 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human nucleus accumbens is a challenging region to study using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) on a 70-cm wide-bore clinical 3T MRI system. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability for quantitative measurement of glutamate concentration in the nucleus accumbens using a 70-cm wide-bore clinical 3T MRI. 1H-MRS of the nucleus accumbens was acquired using the Point-Resolved Spectroscopic Sequence (PRESS) with echo time of 40 ms from 10 healthy volunteers (5 female; age range: 18–30 years) on two separate visits (a baseline, and 1-month time point). The Java-based Magnetic Resonance User Interface (jMRUI) software package was used to quantitatively measure the absolute metabolite concentrations. The test-retest reliability and reproducibility were assessed using intraclass correlations coefficients (ICC), and coefficients of variation (CV). Glutamate concentrations were similar across visits (P = 0.832). Reproducibility measures for all metabolites were good with CV ranging from 7.8 to 14.0%. The ICC values of all metabolites for the intra-class measures were excellent (ICC > 0.8), except that the reliability for Glx (glutamate + glutamine) was good (ICC = 0.768). Pearson correlations for all metabolites were all highly significant (r = 0.636–0.788, P < 0.05). In conclusion, the short-echo-time PRESS can reliably obtain high quality glutamate spectrum from a ~3.4 cm3 voxel of the nucleus accumbens using a 70-cm wide-bore clinical 3T MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Long Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Neng Li
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Rong
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Hu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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