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Gadolinium and Bio-Metal Association: A Concentration Dependency Tested in a Renal Allograft and Investigated by Micro-Synchrotron XRF. J Imaging 2022; 8:jimaging8100254. [PMID: 36286348 PMCID: PMC9605041 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to investigate gadolinium (Gd) and bio-metals in a renal allograft of a patient who was shortly after transplantation repeatedly exposed to a Gd-based contrast agent (GBCA), with the purpose of determining whether Gd can be proven and spatially and quantitatively imaged. Further elemental associations between Gd and bio-metals were also investigated. Materials and Methods: Archival paraffin-embedded kidney tissue (eight weeks after transplantation) was investigated by microscopic synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (µSRXRF) at the DORIS III storage ring, beamline L, at HASYLAB/DESY (Hamburg, Germany). For the quantification of elements, X-ray spectra were peak-fitted, and the net peak intensities were normalized to the intensity of the incoming monochromatic beam intensity. Concentrations were calculated by fundamental parameter-based program quant and external standardization. Results: Analysis of about 15,000 µSRXRF spectra (comprising allograft tissue of four cm2) Gd distribution could be quantitatively demonstrated in a near histological resolution. Mean Gd resulted in 24 ± 55 ppm with a maximum of 2363 ppm. The standard deviation of ±55 ppm characterized the huge differences in Gd and not in detection accuracy. Gd was heterogeneously but not randomly distributed and was mostly found in areas with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Concentrations of all other investigated elements in the allograft resembled those found in normal kidney tissue. No correlations between Gd and bio-metals such as calcium, strontium or zinc below ~40 ppm Gd existed. In areas with extremely high Gd, Gd was associated with iron and zinc. Conclusions: We could show that no dose-dependent association between Gd and bio-metals exists—least in renal tissue—at Gd concentrations below ~40 ppm Gd. This was proven compared with a GBCA-exposed end-stage renal failure in which the mean Gd was ten-fold higher. Our results could shed additional light on Gd metabolism.
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Liu X, Fu S, Xia C, Li M, Cai Z, Wu C, Lu F, Zhu J, Song B, Gong Q, Ai H. PEGylated amphiphilic polymeric manganese(II) complex as magnetic resonance angiographic agent. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2204-2214. [PMID: 35284914 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the most commonly used clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, Gd(III) chelates, have been found in association with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in renally compromised patients. Toxicity concerns...
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Shengxiang Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Chunchao Xia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mengye Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Changqiang Wu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Fulin Lu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Wallnöfer EA, Thurner GC, Kremser C, Talasz H, Stollenwerk MM, Helbok A, Klammsteiner N, Albrecht-Schgoer K, Dietrich H, Jaschke W, Debbage P. Albumin-based nanoparticles as contrast medium for MRI: vascular imaging, tissue and cell interactions, and pharmacokinetics of second-generation nanoparticles. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 155:19-73. [PMID: 33040183 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This multidisciplinary study examined the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles based on albumin-DTPA-gadolinium chelates, testing the hypothesis that these nanoparticles create a stronger vessel signal than conventional gadolinium-based contrast agents and exploring if they are safe for clinical use. Nanoparticles based on human serum albumin, bearing gadolinium and designed for use in magnetic resonance imaging, were used to generate magnet resonance images (MRI) of the vascular system in rats ("blood pool imaging"). At the low nanoparticle doses used for radionuclide imaging, nanoparticle-associated metals were cleared from the blood into the liver during the first 4 h after nanoparticle application. At the higher doses required for MRI, the liver became saturated and kidney and spleen acted as additional sinks for the metals, and accounted for most processing of the nanoparticles. The multiple components of the nanoparticles were cleared independently of one another. Albumin was detected in liver, spleen, and kidneys for up to 2 days after intravenous injection. Gadolinium was retained in the liver, kidneys, and spleen in significant concentrations for much longer. Gadolinium was present as significant fractions of initial dose for longer than 2 weeks after application, and gadolinium clearance was only complete after 6 weeks. Our analysis could not account quantitatively for the full dose of gadolinium that was applied, but numerous organs were found to contain gadolinium in the collagen of their connective tissues. Multiple lines of evidence indicated intracellular processing opening the DTPA chelates and leading to gadolinium long-term storage, in particular inside lysosomes. Turnover of the stored gadolinium was found to occur in soluble form in the kidneys, the liver, and the colon for up to 3 weeks after application. Gadolinium overload poses a significant hazard due to the high toxicity of free gadolinium ions. We discuss the relevance of our findings to gadolinium-deposition diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Wallnöfer
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G C Thurner
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Kremser
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Talasz
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M M Stollenwerk
- Faculty of Health and Society, Biomedical Laboratory Science, University Hospital MAS, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Helbok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N Klammsteiner
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Albrecht-Schgoer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82/IV, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Dietrich
- Central Laboratory Animal Facilities, Innsbruck Medical University, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - W Jaschke
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Debbage
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Kartamihardja AAP, Nakajima T, Kameo S, Koyama H, Tsushima Y. Impact of Impaired Renal Function on Gadolinium Retention After Administration of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in a Mouse Model. Invest Radiol 2017; 51:655-60. [PMID: 27299580 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of impaired renal function on gadolinium (Gd) retention in various organs after Gd-based contrast agent injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS After local animal care and review committee approval, 23 normal mice and 26 with renal failure were divided into 4 treatment groups (Gd-DTPA-BMA, 5 mmol/kg; Gd-DOTA, 5 mmol/kg; GdCl3, 0.02 mmol/kg; and saline, 250 μL). Each agent was intravenously administered on weekdays for 4 weeks. Samples were collected on days 3 (short-term) and 45 (long-term) after the last injection. Gadolinium concentrations were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Three mice with renal failure and 2 normal mice in the GdCl3 group and 1 mouse with renal failure in the Gd-DTPA-BMA group died. In the Gd-DTPA-BMA group, impaired renal function increased short-term Gd retention in the liver, bone, spleen, skin, and kidney (P < 0.01) but did not affect long-term Gd retention. Gd-DTPA-BMA showed higher Gd retention than Gd-DOTA. Although Gd retention in the Gd-DOTA group was generally low, impaired renal function increased only long-term hepatic Gd retention. Hepatic and splenic Gd retentions were significantly higher than other organs' Gd retention in the GdCl3 group (P < 0.01). Renal function did not affect brain Gd retention, regardless of the Gd compound used. CONCLUSIONS The tendency of Gd retention varied according to the agent, regardless of renal function. Although renal impairment increased short-term Gd retention after Gd-DTPA-BMA administration, long-term Gd retention for Gd-based contrast agents was almost unaffected by renal function, suggesting that the chemical structures of retained Gd may not be consistent and some Gd is slowly eliminated after initially being retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adhipatria P Kartamihardja
- From the *Department of Radiology Diagnostic and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan; †Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia; ‡Department of Public Health, Gunma University and §Gunma University Initiative for Advance Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Evaluation of macrocyclic hydroxyisophthalamide ligands as chelators for zirconium-89. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178767. [PMID: 28575044 PMCID: PMC5456358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bifunctional chelators (BFCs) for zirconium-89 immuno-PET applications is an area of active research. Herein we report the synthesis and evaluation of octadentate hydroxyisophthalamide ligands (1 and 2) as zirconium-89 chelators. While both radiometal complexes could be prepared quantitatively and with excellent specific activity, preparation of 89Zr-1 required elevated temperature and an increased reaction time. 89Zr-1 was more stable than 89Zr-2 when challenged in vitro by excess DTPA or serum proteins and in vivo during acute biodistribution studies. Differences in radiometal complex stability arise from structural changes between the two ligand systems, and suggest further ligand optimization is necessary to enhance 89Zr chelation.
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Drel VR, Tan C, Barnes JL, Gorin Y, Lee DY, Wagner B. Centrality of bone marrow in the severity of gadolinium-based contrast-induced systemic fibrosis. FASEB J 2016; 30:3026-38. [PMID: 27221979 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500188r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic fibrosis can be induced in humans with gadolinium-based contrast, and cumulative doses correlate with severity. Bone marrow-derived fibrocytes accumulate in the dermis. Whether target organs liberate chemokines to recruit these fibrocytes or whether fibrocytes are stimulated to home to the affected tissue is unknown. Transgenic (tagged) donor rats were treated with gadolinium-based contrast. Bone marrow was obtained from diseased animals and age-matched controls. Rats with subtotal nephrectomies were lethally irradiated and underwent salvage transplantation with either the contrast-naïve or contrast-exposed bone marrow. Groups were randomly assigned to control or contrast treatment. Contrast treatment led to dermal fibrosis, and this was exacerbated in recipients of contrast-exposed marrow. Fibronectin, C-C chemokine receptors (CCRs)2 and 7, and oxidative stress were all increased in skin from contrast-treated animals-all parameters more severe in recipients of contrast-treated animals. The respective ligands, monocyte chemoattractant protein and C-C motif ligand 19, were both elevated in skin from contrast-treated animals. Coadministration of gadolinium-based contrast and a CCR2 inhibitor reduced the severity of skin disease as well as dermal cellularity. The functional role of chemokines in the effects of gadolinium-based contrast was further confirmed in in situ coculture studies using neutralizing CCR2 antibodies. These data implicate dermal liberation of specific chemokines in the recruitment of circulating bone marrow-derived cells. The disease is augmented by bone marrow exposure to contrast, which explains why multiple exposures correlate with severity.-Drel, V. R., Tan, C., Barnes, J. L., Gorin, Y., Lee, D.-Y., Wagner, B. Centrality of bone marrow in the severity of gadolinium-based contrast-induced systemic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor R Drel
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Chunyan Tan
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Barnes
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio,Texas, USA
| | - Yves Gorin
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Doug-Yoon Lee
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Brent Wagner
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio,Texas, USA
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Wagner B, Drel V, Gorin Y. Pathophysiology of gadolinium-associated systemic fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F1-F11. [PMID: 27147669 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00166.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic fibrosis from gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast is a scourge for the afflicted. Although gadolinium-associated systemic fibrosis is a rare condition, the threat of litigation has vastly altered clinical practice. Most theories concerning the etiology of the fibrosis are grounded in case reports rather than experiment. This has led to the widely accepted conjecture that the relative affinity of certain contrast agents for the gadolinium ion inversely correlates with the risk of succumbing to the disease. How gadolinium-containing contrast agents trigger widespread and site-specific systemic fibrosis and how chronicity is maintained are largely unknown. This review highlights experimentally-derived information from our laboratory and others that pertain to our understanding of the pathophysiology of gadolinium-associated systemic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Wagner
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; and University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Viktor Drel
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yves Gorin
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Thomsen HS. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a serious adverse reaction to gadolinium - 1997-2006-2016. Part 1. Acta Radiol 2016; 57:515-20. [PMID: 26802069 DOI: 10.1177/0284185115626480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik S Thomsen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology 54E2, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
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N.Tinianow J, Pandya DN, Pailloux SL, Ogasawara A, Vanderbilt AN, Gill HS, Williams SP, Wadas TJ, Magda D, Marik J. Evaluation of a 3-hydroxypyridin-2-one (2,3-HOPO) Based Macrocyclic Chelator for (89)Zr(4+) and Its Use for ImmunoPET Imaging of HER2 Positive Model of Ovarian Carcinoma in Mice. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:511-21. [PMID: 26941844 PMCID: PMC4775861 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel octadentate 3-hydroxypyridin-2-one (2,3-HOPO) based di-macrocyclic ligand was evaluated for chelation of 89Zr; subsequently, it was used as a bi-functional chelator for preparation of 89Zr-labeled antibodies. Quantitative chelation of 89Zr4+ with the octadentate ligand forming 89ZrL complex was achieved under mild conditions within 15 minutes. The 89Zr-complex was stable in vitro in presence of DTPA, but a slow degradation was observed in serum. In vivo, the hydrophilic 89Zr-complex showed prevalently renal excretion; and an elevated bone uptake of radioactivity suggested a partial release of 89Zr4+ from the complex. The 2,3-HOPO based ligand was conjugated to the monoclonal antibodies, HER2-specific trastuzumab and an isotypic anti-gD antibody, using a p-phenylene bis-isothiocyanate linker to yield products with an average loading of less than 2 chelates per antibody. Conjugated antibodies were labeled with 89Zr under mild conditions providing the PET tracers in 60-69% yield. Despite the limited stability in mouse serum; the PET tracers performed very well in vivo. The PET imaging in mouse model of HER2 positive ovarian carcinoma showed tumor uptake of 89Zr-trastuzumab (29.2 ± 12.9 %ID/g) indistinguishable (p = 0.488) from the uptake of positive control 89Zr-DFO-trastuzumab (26.1 ± 3.3 %ID/g). In conclusion, the newly developed 3-hydroxypyridin-2-one based di-macrocyclic chelator provides a viable alternative to DFO-based heterobifunctional ligands for preparation of 89Zr-labeled monoclonal antibodies for immunoPET studies.
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Giorgi H, Ammerman J, Briffaux JP, Fretellier N, Corot C, Bourrinet P. Non-clinical safety assessment of gadoterate meglumine (Dotarem®) in neonatal and juvenile rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:960-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rudolph A, Messroghli D, von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff F, Traber J, Schüler J, Wassmuth R, Schulz-Menger J. Prospective, randomized comparison of gadopentetate and gadobutrol to assess chronic myocardial infarction applying cardiovascular magnetic resonance. BMC Med Imaging 2015; 15:55. [PMID: 26576944 PMCID: PMC4650341 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-015-0099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We hypothesized that the contrast medium gadobutrol is not inferior compared to Gd-DTPA in identifying and quantifying ischemic late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), even by using a lower dose. Methods We prospectively enrolled 30 patients with chronic myocardial infarction as visualized by LGE during clinical routine scan at 1.5 T with 0.20 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA. Participants were randomized to either 0.15 mmol/kg gadobutrol (group A) or 0.10 mmol/kg gadobutrol (group B). CMR protocol was identical in both exams. LGE was quantified using a semiautomatic approach. Signal intensities of scar, remote myocardium, blood and air were measured. Signal to noise (SNR) and contrast to noise ratios (CNR) were calculated. Results Signal intensities were not different between Gd-DTPA and gadobutrol in group A, whereas significant differences were detected in group B. SNR of injured myocardium (53.5+/−21.4 vs. 30.1+/−10.4, p = 0.0001) and CNR between injured and remote myocardium (50.3+/−20.3 vs. 27.3+/−9.3, p < 0.0001) were lower in gadobutrol. Infarct size was lower in both gadobutrol groups compared to Gd-DTPA (group A: 16.8+/−10.2 g vs. 12.8+/−6.8 g, p = 0.03; group B: 18.6+/−12.0 g vs. 14.0+/−9.9 g, p = 0.0016). Conclusions Taking application of 0.2 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA as the reference, the delineation of infarct scar was similar with 0.15 mmol/kg gadobutrol, whereas the use 0.10 mmol/kg gadobutrol led to reduced tissue contrast. Trial registration The study had been registered under EudraCT Number: 2010-020775-22. Registration date: 2010.08.10
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Rudolph
- Working Group CMR, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Dept. of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS-Kliniken Berlin Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Daniel Messroghli
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Florian von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff
- Working Group CMR, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Dept. of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS-Kliniken Berlin Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Julius Traber
- Working Group CMR, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Dept. of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS-Kliniken Berlin Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Johannes Schüler
- Working Group CMR, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Dept. of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS-Kliniken Berlin Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ralf Wassmuth
- Working Group CMR, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Dept. of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS-Kliniken Berlin Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- Working Group CMR, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Dept. of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS-Kliniken Berlin Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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Wáng YXJ, Schroeder J, Siegmund H, Idée JM, Fretellier N, Jestin-Mayer G, Factor C, Deng M, Kang W, Morcos SK. Total gadolinium tissue deposition and skin structural findings following the administration of structurally different gadolinium chelates in healthy and ovariectomized female rats. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:534-45. [PMID: 26435917 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2015.05.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the retention of gadolinium (Gd) in skin, liver, and bone following gadodiamide or gadoteric acid administration. METHODS Gd was measured in skin, liver and femur bone in female rats 10 weeks after administration of 17.5 mmol Gd/kg over 5 days of Gd agents. Rat skin microscopy, energy filtering transmission electron microscopy and elemental analysis were performed, and repeated after receiving the same dosage of gadodiamide in rats with osteoporosis induced with bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). The OVX was performed 60 days after the last injection of gadodiamide and animals sacrificed 3 weeks later. RESULTS Gd concentration was 180-fold higher in the skin, 25-fold higher in the femur, and 30-fold higher in the liver in rats received gadodiamide than rats received gadoteric acid. The retention of Gd in the skin with gadodiamide was associated with an increase in dermal cellularity, and Gd encrustation of collagen fibers and deposition inside the fibroblasts and other cells. No differences in Gd concentration in liver, skin, and femur were observed between rats receiving gadodiamide with or without OVX. CONCLUSIONS Gd tissue retention with gadodiamide was higher than gadoteric acid. Tissues Gd deposition did not alter following gadodiamide administration to ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yì-Xiáng J Wáng
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joseph Schroeder
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Heiko Siegmund
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Idée
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nathalie Fretellier
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gaëlle Jestin-Mayer
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cecile Factor
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Min Deng
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Wei Kang
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sameh K Morcos
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Central EM Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Regensburg, The University of Regensburg, Germany ; 3 Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle cedex, France ; 4 Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 5 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Distribution profile of gadolinium in gadolinium chelate-treated renally-impaired rats: role of pharmaceutical formulation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 72:46-56. [PMID: 25736527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
While not acutely toxic, chronic hepatic effect of certain gadolinium chelates (GC), used as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging, might represent a risk in renally-impaired patients due to free gadolinium accumulation in the liver. To answer this question, this study investigated the consequences of the presence of small amounts of either a soluble gadolinium salt ("free" Gd) or low-stability chelating impurity in the pharmaceutical solution of gadoteric acid, a macrocyclic GC with high thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities, were investigated in renally-impaired rats. Renal failure was induced by adding 0.75% adenine in the diet for three weeks. The pharmaceutical and commercial solution of gadoteric acid was administered (5 daily intravenous injections of 2.5 mmol Gd/kg) either alone or after being spiked with either "free" gadolinium (i.e., 0.04% w/v) or low-stability impurity (i.e., 0.06 w/v). Another GC, gadodiamide (low thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities) was given as its commercial solution at a similar dose. Non-chelated gadolinium was tested at two doses (0.005 and 0.01 mmol Gd/kg) as acetate salt. Gadodiamide induced systemic toxicity (mortality, severe epidermal and dermal lesions) and substantial tissue Gd retention. The addition of very low amounts of "free", non-chelated gadolinium or low thermodynamic stability impurity to the pharmaceutical solution of the thermodynamically stable GC gadoteric acid resulted in substantial capture of metal by the liver, similar to what was observed in "free" gadolinium salt-treated rats. Relaxometry studies strongly suggested the presence of free and soluble gadolinium in the liver. Electron microscopy examinations revealed the presence of free and insoluble gadolinium deposits in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells of rats treated with gadoteric acid solution spiked with low-stability impurity, free gadolinium and gadodiamide, but not in rats treated with the pharmaceutical solution of gadoteric acid. The presence of impurities in the GC pharmaceutical solution may have long-term biological consequences.
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Idée JM, Fretellier N, Robic C, Corot C. The role of gadolinium chelates in the mechanism of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: A critical update. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44:895-913. [PMID: 25257840 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.955568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Idée
- Guerbet, Research & Innovation Division , Aulnay-sous-Bois , France
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15
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Do C, Barnes JL, Tan C, Wagner B. Type of MRI contrast, tissue gadolinium, and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F844-55. [PMID: 25100280 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00379.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been presupposed that the thermodynamic stability constant (K(therm)) of gadolinium-based MRI chelates relate to the risk of precipitating nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. The present study compared low-K(therm) gadodiamide with high-K(therm) gadoteridol in cultured fibroblasts and rats with uninephrectomies. Gadolinium content was assessed using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in paraffin-embedded tissues. In vitro, fibroblasts demonstrated dose-dependent fibronectin generation, transforming growth factor-β production, and expression of activated myofibroblast stress fiber protein α-smooth muscle actin. There were negligible differences with respect to toxicity or proliferation between the two contrast agents. In the rodent model, gadodiamide treatment led to greater skin fibrosis and dermal cellularity than gadoteridol. In the kidney, both contrast agents led to proximal tubule vacuolization and increased fibronectin accumulation. Despite large detectable gadolinium signals in the spleen, skin, muscle, and liver from the gadodiamide-treated group, contrast-induced fibrosis appeared to be limited to the skin and kidney. These findings support the hypothesis that low-K(therm) chelates have a greater propensity to elicit nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and demonstrate that certain tissues are resistant to these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Do
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Jeffrey L Barnes
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chunyan Tan
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Brent Wagner
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
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16
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Thomsen HS. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis and Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/174_2013_903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Tárkányi F, Takács S, Ditrói F, Csikai J, Hermanne A, Ignatyuk AV. Activation cross-sections of deuteron induced reactions on (nat)Gd up to 50 MeV. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 83 Pt A:25-35. [PMID: 24215815 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation cross-sections are presented for the first time for (nat)Gd(d,xn)(161,160,156(m+)), (154,154m1,154m2,153,152(m+),151(m+))Tb, (nat)Gd(d,x)(159,153,151)Gd and (nat)Gd(d,x)(156)Eu reactions from their respective thresholds up to 50 MeV. The cross-sections were measured by the stacked-foil irradiation technique and by using high resolution γ-ray spectrometry. The measured values were compared with the results of theoretical models calculated by the computer codes ALICE-D, EMPIRE-D and TALYS (data from TENDL library). Integral yields of the reaction products were deduced from the excitation functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tárkányi
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI), H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
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18
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Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and gadolinium-based contrast media: updated ESUR Contrast Medium Safety Committee guidelines. Eur Radiol 2012; 23:307-18. [PMID: 22865271 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-012-2597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To update the guidelines of the Contrast Media Safety Committee (CMSC) of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) on nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and gadolinium-based contrast media. AREAS COVERED Topics reviewed include the history, clinical features and prevalence of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and the current understanding of its pathophysiology. The risk factors for NSF are discussed and prophylactic measures are recommended. The stability of the different gadolinium-based contrast media and the potential long-term effects of gadolinium in the body have also been reviewed.
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Haylor J, Schroeder J, Wagner B, Nutter F, Jestin G, Idée JM, Morcos S. Skin Gadolinium Following Use of MR Contrast Agents in a Rat Model of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis. Radiology 2012; 263:107-16. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
This editorial reviews the way in which the facts related to the safety of iodinated and gadolinium based contrast agents have emerged over the last two decades. This is especially important given their ever increasing usage in modern computed tomographic (CT) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. It also provides a very useful educational resume of this complex subject.
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