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Birchall JR, Horvat-Menih I, Kaggie JD, Riemer F, Benjamin AJV, Graves MJ, Wilkinson I, Gallagher FA, McLean MA. Quantitative 23Na magnetic resonance imaging in the abdomen at 3 T. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 37:737-748. [PMID: 38822992 PMCID: PMC11417083 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-024-01167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility of sodium-23 MRI for performing quantitative and non-invasive measurements of total sodium concentration (TSC) and relaxation in a variety of abdominal organs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proton and sodium imaging of the abdomen was performed in 19 healthy volunteers using a 3D cones sequence and a sodium-tuned 4-rung transmit/receive body coil on a clinical 3 T system. The effects of B1 non-uniformity on TSC measurements were corrected using the double-angle method. The long-component of 23Na T2* relaxation time was measured using a series of variable echo-times. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of TSC and long-component 23Na T2* values were calculated across the healthy volunteer group in the kidneys, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), liver, gallbladder, spleen, aorta, and inferior vena cava. DISCUSSION Mean TSC values in the kidneys, liver, and spleen were similar to those reported using 23Na-MRI previously in the literature. Measurements in the CSF and gallbladder were lower, potentially due to the reduced spatial resolution achievable in a clinically acceptable scan time. Mean long-component 23Na T2* values were consistent with previous reports from the kidneys and CSF. Intra-population standard error was larger in smaller, fluid-filled structures due to fluid motion and partial volume effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frank Riemer
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital Helse Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Ian Wilkinson
- Cambridge Cardiovascular, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Ebersberger L, Kratzer FJ, Franke VL, Nagel AM, Niesporek SC, Korzowski A, Ladd ME, Schlemmer HP, Paech D, Platt T. First implementation of dynamic oxygen-17 ( 17O) magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla during neuronal stimulation in the human brain. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 37:27-38. [PMID: 37737942 PMCID: PMC10876824 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE First implementation of dynamic oxygen-17 (17O) MRI at 7 Tesla (T) during neuronal stimulation in the human brain. METHODS Five healthy volunteers underwent a three-phase 17O gas (17O2) inhalation experiment. Combined right-side visual stimulus and right-hand finger tapping were used to achieve neuronal stimulation in the left cerebral hemisphere. Data analysis included the evaluation of the relative partial volume (PV)-corrected time evolution of absolute 17O water (H217O) concentration and of the relative signal evolution without PV correction. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-tailed paired t test. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) experiments were performed to validate the stimulation paradigm. RESULTS The BOLD maps showed significant activity in the stimulated left visual and sensorimotor cortex compared to the non-stimulated right side. PV correction of 17O MR data resulted in high signal fluctuations with a noise level of 10% due to small regions of interest (ROI), impeding further quantitative analysis. Statistical evaluation of the relative H217O signal with PV correction (p = 0.168) and without (p = 0.382) did not show significant difference between the stimulated left and non-stimulated right sensorimotor ROI. DISCUSSION The change of cerebral oxygen metabolism induced by sensorimotor and visual stimulation is not large enough to be reliably detected with the current setup and methodology of dynamic 17O MRI at 7 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ebersberger
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian J Kratzer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vanessa L Franke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian C Niesporek
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tanja Platt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Gast LV, Platt T, Nagel AM, Gerhalter T. Recent technical developments and clinical research applications of sodium ( 23Na) MRI. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 138-139:1-51. [PMID: 38065665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Sodium is an essential ion that plays a central role in many physiological processes including the transmembrane electrochemical gradient and the maintenance of the body's homeostasis. Due to the crucial role of sodium in the human body, the sodium nucleus is a promising candidate for non-invasively assessing (patho-)physiological changes. Almost 10 years ago, Madelin et al. provided a comprehensive review of methods and applications of sodium (23Na) MRI (Madelin et al., 2014) [1]. More recent review articles have focused mainly on specific applications of 23Na MRI. For example, several articles covered 23Na MRI applications for diseases such as osteoarthritis (Zbyn et al., 2016, Zaric et al., 2020) [2,3], multiple sclerosis (Petracca et al., 2016, Huhn et al., 2019) [4,5] and brain tumors (Schepkin, 2016) [6], or for imaging certain organs such as the kidneys (Zollner et al., 2016) [7], the brain (Shah et al., 2016, Thulborn et al., 2018) [8,9], and the heart (Bottomley, 2016) [10]. Other articles have reviewed technical developments such as radiofrequency (RF) coils for 23Na MRI (Wiggins et al., 2016, Bangerter et al., 2016) [11,12], pulse sequences (Konstandin et al., 2014) [13], image reconstruction methods (Chen et al., 2021) [14], and interleaved/simultaneous imaging techniques (Lopez Kolkovsky et al., 2022) [15]. In addition, 23Na MRI topics have been covered in review articles with broader topics such as multinuclear MRI or ultra-high-field MRI (Niesporek et al., 2019, Hu et al., 2019, Ladd et al., 2018) [16-18]. During the past decade, various research groups have continued working on technical improvements to sodium MRI and have investigated its potential to serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool. Clinical research applications of 23Na MRI have covered a broad spectrum of diseases, mainly focusing on the brain, cartilage, and skeletal muscle (see Fig. 1). In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of methodological and hardware developments, as well as a review of various clinical research applications of sodium (23Na) MRI in the last decade (i.e., published from the beginning of 2013 to the end of 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena V Gast
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tanja Platt
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Teresa Gerhalter
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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Vaeggemose M, Schulte RF, Laustsen C. Clinically feasible B 1 field correction for multi-organ sodium imaging at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4835. [PMID: 36115017 PMCID: PMC10078323 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sodium MRI allows the non-invasive quantification of intra-organ sodium concentration. RF inhomogeneity introduces uncertainty in this estimated concentration. B1 field corrections can be used to overcome some of these limitations. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio in sodium MRI makes accurate B1 mapping in reasonable scan times challenging. The study aims to evaluate Bloch-Siegert off-resonance (BLOSI) B1 field correction for sodium MRI using a 3D Fermat looped, orthogonally encoded trajectories (FLORET) read-out trajectory. We propose a clinically feasible B1 field map correction method for sodium imaging at 3 T, evaluating five healthy subjects' brain, heart blood, kidneys, and thigh muscle. We scanned the subjects twice for repeatability measures and used sodium phantoms to determine organ total sodium concentration. Conventional proton scans were compared with sodium images for organ structural integrity. The BLOSI approach based on the 3D FLORET read-out trajectory was used in B1 field correction and 3D density-adapted radial acquisition for sodium imaging. Results indicate improvements in sodium imaging based on B1 field correction in a clinically feasible protocol. Improvements are determined in all organs by enhanced anatomical representation, organ homogeneity, and an increase in the total sodium concentration after applying a B1 field correction. The proposed BLOSI-based B1 field correction using a 3D FLORET read-out trajectory is clinically feasible for sodium imaging, which is shown in the brain, heart, kidney, and thigh muscle. This supports using fast B1 field mapping in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vaeggemose
- GE HealthcareBrondbyDenmark
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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5
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Çavuşoğlu M, Pazahr S, Ciritsis AP, Rossi C. Quantitative 23 Na-MRI of the intervertebral disk at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4733. [PMID: 35307881 PMCID: PMC9540256 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the tissue sodium content (TSC) in the intervertebral disk geometry noninvasively by MRI is a sensitive measure to estimate changes in the proteoglycan content of the intervertebral disk, which is a biomarker of degenerative disk disease (DDD) and of lumbar back pain (LBP). However, application of quantitative sodium concentration measurements in 23 Na-MRI is highly challenging due to the lower in vivo concentrations and smaller gyromagnetic ratio, ultimately yielding much smaller signal relative to 1 H-MRI. Moreover, imaging the intervertebral disk geometry imposes higher demands, mainly because the necessary RF volume coils produce highly inhomogeneous transmit field patterns. For an accurate absolute quantification of TSC in the intervertebral disks, the B1 field variations have to be mitigated. In this study, we report for the first time quantitative sodium concentration in the intervertebral disks at clinical field strengths (3 T) by deploying 23 Na-MRI in healthy human subjects. The sodium B1 maps were calculated by using the double-angle method and a double-tuned (1 H/23 Na) transceive chest coil, and the individual effects of the variation in the B1 field patterns in tissue sodium quantification were calculated. Phantom measurements were conducted to evaluate the quality of the Na-weighted images and B1 mapping. Depending on the disk position, the sodium concentration was calculated as 161.6 mmol/L-347 mmol/L, and the mean sodium concentration of the intervertebral disks varies between 254.6 ± 54 mmol/L and 290.1 ± 39 mmol/L. A smoothing effect of the B1 correction on the sodium concentration maps was observed, such that the standard deviation of the mean sodium concentration was significantly reduced with B1 mitigation. The results of this work provide an improved integration of quantitative 23 Na-MRI into clinical studies in intervertebral disks such as degenerative disk disease and establish alternative scoring schemes to existing morphological scoring such as the Pfirrmann score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Çavuşoğlu
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Alexander P. Ciritsis
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Cristina Rossi
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSwitzerland
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6
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Ruhm L, Avdievich N, Ziegs T, Nagel AM, De Feyter HM, de Graaf RA, Henning A. Deuterium metabolic imaging in the human brain at 9.4 Tesla with high spatial and temporal resolution. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118639. [PMID: 34637905 PMCID: PMC8591372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To present first highly spatially resolved deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) measurements of the human brain acquired with a dedicated coil design and a fast chemical shift imaging (CSI) sequence at an ultrahigh field strength of B0 = 9.4 T. 2H metabolic measurements with a temporal resolution of 10 min enabled the investigation of the glucose metabolism in healthy human subjects. METHODS The study was performed with a double-tuned coil with 10 TxRx channels for 1H and 8TxRx/2Rx channels for 2H and an Ernst angle 3D CSI sequence with a nominal spatial resolution of 2.97 ml and a temporal resolution of 10 min. RESULTS The metabolism of [6,6'-2H2]-labeled glucose due to the TCA cycle could be made visible in high resolution metabolite images of deuterated water, glucose and Glx over the entire human brain. CONCLUSION X-nuclei MRSI as DMI can highly benefit from ultrahigh field strength enabling higher temporal and spatial resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreen Ruhm
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Nikolai Avdievich
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Theresia Ziegs
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henk M De Feyter
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Anke Henning
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas/Texas, United States
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7
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Ruhm L, Dorst J, Avdievitch N, Wright AM, Henning A. 3D 31 P MRSI of the human brain at 9.4 Tesla: Optimization and quantitative analysis of metabolic images. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2368-2383. [PMID: 34219281 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present 31 P whole brain MRSI with a high spatial resolution to probe quantitative tissue analysis of 31 P MRSI at an ultrahigh field strength of 9.4 Tesla. METHODS The study protocol included a 31 P MRSI measurement with an effective resolution of 2.47 mL. For SNR optimization, the nuclear Overhauser enhancement at 9.4 Tesla was investigated. A sensitivity correction was achieved by applying a low rank approximation of the γ-adenosine triphosphate signal. Group analysis and regression on individual volunteers were performed to investigate quantitative concentration differences between different tissue types. RESULTS Differences in gray and white matter tissue 31 P concentrations could be investigated for 12 different 31 P resonances. In addition, the first highly resolved quantitative MRSI images measured at B0 = 9.4 Tesla of 31 P detectable metabolites with high SNR could be presented. CONCLUSION With an ultrahigh field strength B0 = 9.4 Tesla, 31 P MRSI moves further toward quantitative metabolic imaging, and subtle differences in concentrations between different tissue types can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreen Ruhm
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Dorst
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nikolai Avdievitch
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrew Martin Wright
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anke Henning
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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8
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Poku LO, Phil M, Cheng Y, Wang K, Sun X. 23 Na-MRI as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 53:995-1014. [PMID: 32219933 PMCID: PMC7984266 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The influx of sodium (Na+) ions into a resting cell is regulated by Na+ channels and by Na+/H+ and Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, whereas Na+ ion efflux is mediated by the activity of Na+/K+‐ATPase to maintain a high transmembrane Na+ ion gradient. Dysfunction of this system leads to changes in the intracellular sodium concentration that promotes cancer metastasis by mediating invasion and migration. In addition, the accumulation of extracellular Na+ ions in cancer due to inflammation contributes to tumor immunogenicity. Thus, alterations in the Na+ ion concentration may potentially be used as a biomarker for malignant tumor diagnosis and prognosis. However, current limitations in detection technology and a complex tumor microenvironment present significant challenges for the in vivo assessment of Na+ concentration in tumor. 23Na‐magnetic resonance imaging (23Na‐MRI) offers a unique opportunity to study the effects of Na+ ion concentration changes in cancer. Although challenged by a low signal‐to‐noise ratio, the development of ultrahigh magnetic field scanners and specialized sodium acquisition sequences has significantly advanced 23Na‐MRI. 23Na‐MRI provides biochemical information that reflects cell viability, structural integrity, and energy metabolism, and has been shown to reveal rapid treatment response at the molecular level before morphological changes occur. Here we review the basis of 23Na‐MRI technology and discuss its potential as a direct noninvasive in vivo diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for cancer therapy, particularly in cancer immunotherapy. We propose that 23Na‐MRI is a promising method with a wide range of applications in the tumor immuno‐microenvironment research field and in cancer immunotherapy monitoring. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 2
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Phil
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongna Cheng
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xilin Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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9
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Avdievich NI, Ruhm L, Dorst J, Scheffler K, Korzowski A, Henning A. Double‐tuned
31
P/
1
H human head array with high performance at both frequencies for spectroscopic imaging at 9.4T. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1076-1089. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai I. Avdievich
- High‐Field MR Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Loreen Ruhm
- High‐Field MR Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Johanna Dorst
- High‐Field MR Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High‐Field MR Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Department for Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Anke Henning
- High‐Field MR Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
- Advanced Imaging Research Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas
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10
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Milani B, Delacoste J, Burnier M, Pruijm M. Exploring a new method for quantitative sodium MRI in the human upper leg with a surface coil and symmetrically arranged reference phantoms. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:985-999. [PMID: 31367553 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.06.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to validate and evaluate the reproducibility of a new setup for the quantification of the tissue sodium concentration (TSC) in the human upper leg muscles with sodium MRI at 3 Tesla. This setup is making use of an emit and receive single loop surface coil together with a set of square, symmetrically arranged reference phantoms. As a second aim, the performances of two MRI protocols for the TSC quantification in the upper leg muscles are compared: one using an ultra-short echo time (UTE) 3-dimensional radial sequence (UTE-protocol), and the other one using standard gradient echo sequence (GRE-protocol). Methods A validation test of the quantification of sodium concentration is performed in phantoms. The bias of the method is estimated and compared between both protocols. The reproducibility of TSC quantification is assessed in phantoms by the coefficient of variation (CV) and compared between both protocols. The reproducibility is also assessed in 11 health volunteers. Signal to noise ratio (SNR) maps are acquired in phantoms with both protocols in order to compare the resulting SNR. Results The apparatus and post processing were successfully implemented. The bias of the method was smaller than 10% in phantoms (excepted for Na concentration of 10 mmol/L when using the GRE protocol). The reproducibility of the method using symmetrically arranged phantoms was high in phantoms and humans (CV <5%). The GRE-protocol leads to a better SNR than the UTE-protocol in 2D images. Conclusions The use of symmetrically arranged reference phantoms lead to reproducible results in phantoms and humans. Sodium imaging in the human upper leg with a single loop surface coil should be performed with a standard 2-dimensional GRE protocol if an optimal SNR is needed. However, the quantification of the fast and slow decay time constants of the sodium signal, which plays a role in the TSC quantification, still has to be done with a UTE sequence. Moreover, the quantification of sodium concentration is more accurate with the UTE protocol for small sodium concentrations (<20 mmol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Milani
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Departement de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Delacoste
- Departement de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Burnier
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Menno Pruijm
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Abstract
In this article, an overview of the current developments and research applications for non-proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at ultrahigh magnetic fields (UHFs) is given. Due to technical and methodical advances, efficient MRI of physiologically relevant nuclei, such as Na, Cl, Cl, K, O, or P has become feasible and is of interest to obtain spatially and temporally resolved information that can be used for biomedical and diagnostic applications. Sodium (Na) MRI is the most widespread multinuclear imaging method with applications ranging over all regions of the human body. Na MRI yields the second largest in vivo NMR signal after the clinically used proton signal (H). However, other nuclei such as O and P (energy metabolism) or Cl and K (cell viability) are used in an increasing number of MRI studies at UHF. One major advancement has been the increased availability of whole-body MR scanners with UHFs (B0 ≥7T) expanding the range of detectable nuclei. Nevertheless, efforts in terms of pulse sequence and post-processing developments as well as hardware designs must be made to obtain valuable information in clinically feasible measurement times. This review summarizes the available methods in the field of non-proton UHF MRI, especially for Na MRI, as well as introduces potential applications in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C Niesporek
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja Platt
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Hu R, Kleimaier D, Malzacher M, Hoesl MA, Paschke NK, Schad LR. X‐nuclei imaging: Current state, technical challenges, and future directions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:355-376. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruomin Hu
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Dennis Kleimaier
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Matthias Malzacher
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | | | - Nadia K. Paschke
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Lothar R. Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
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13
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Deen SS, Riemer F, McLean MA, Gill AB, Kaggie JD, Grist JT, Crawford R, Latimer J, Baldwin P, Earl HM, Parkinson CA, Smith SA, Hodgkin C, Moore E, Jimenez-Linan M, Brodie CR, Addley HC, Freeman SJ, Moyle PL, Sala E, Graves MJ, Brenton JD, Gallagher FA. Sodium MRI with 3D-cones as a measure of tumour cellularity in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Eur J Radiol Open 2019; 6:156-162. [PMID: 31032385 PMCID: PMC6477161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of rapid sodium MRI (23Na-MRI) for the imaging of peritoneal cancer deposits in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and to evaluate the relationship of 23Na-MRI with tumour cellularity. 23Na-MRI was performed at 3 T on twelve HGSOC patients using a 3D-cones acquisition technique. Tumour biopsies specimens were collected after imaging and cellularity was measured from histology. Total 23Na-MRI scan time for each patient was approximately 11 min. At an isotropic resolution of 5.6 mm, signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of 82.2 ± 15.3 and 15.1 ± 7.1 (mean ± standard deviation) were achieved for imaging of tumour tissue sodium concentration (TSC) and intracellular weighted sodium concentration (IWS) respectively. Tumour TSC and IWS concentrations were: 56.8 ± 19.1 mM and 30.8 ± 9.2 mM respectively and skeletal muscle TSC and IWS concentrations were 33.2 ± 16.3 mM and 20.5 ± 9.9 mM respectively. There were significant sodium concentration differences between cancer and skeletal muscle, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P < 0.001 for TSC and P = 0.01 for IWS imaging. Tumour cellularity displayed a strong negative correlation with TSC, Spearman's rho = -0.92, P < 0.001, but did not correlate with IWS. This study demonstrates that 23Na-MRI using 3D-cones can rapidly assess sodium concentration in peritoneal deposits of HGSOC and that TSC may serve as a biomarker of tumour cellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surrin S. Deen
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Riemer
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Mary A. McLean
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B. Gill
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua D. Kaggie
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - James T. Grist
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Crawford
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - John Latimer
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Baldwin
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Helena M. Earl
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christine A. Parkinson
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A. Smith
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Hodgkin
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Moore
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Mercedes Jimenez-Linan
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Cara R. Brodie
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Helen C. Addley
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J. Freeman
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope L. Moyle
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Evis Sala
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Graves
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - James D. Brenton
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Ferdia A. Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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14
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Niesporek SC, Umathum R, Lommen JM, Behl NG, Paech D, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Nagel AM. Reproducibility of CMRO2determination using dynamic17O MRI. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:2923-2934. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C. Niesporek
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Reiner Umathum
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jonathan M. Lommen
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nicolas G.R. Behl
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Armin M. Nagel
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Institute of Radiology; University Hospital Erlangen; Erlangen Germany
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15
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Bangerter NK, Tarbox GJ, Taylor MD, Kaggie JD. Quantitative sodium magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage, muscle, and tendon. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016; 6:699-714. [PMID: 28090447 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2016.12.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or imaging of the 23Na nucleus, has been under exploration for several decades, and holds promise for potentially revealing additional biochemical information about the health of tissues that cannot currently be obtained from conventional hydrogen (or proton) MRI. This additional information could serve as an important complement to conventional MRI for many applications. However, despite these exciting possibilities, sodium MRI is not yet used routinely in clinical practice, and will likely remain strictly in the domain of exploratory research for the coming decade. This paper begins with a technical overview of sodium MRI, including the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal characteristics of the sodium nucleus, the challenges associated with sodium MRI, and the specialized pulse sequences, hardware, and reconstruction techniques required. Various applications of sodium MRI for quantitative analysis of the musculoskeletal system are then reviewed, including the non-invasive assessment of cartilage degeneration in vivo, imaging of tendinopathy, applications in the assessment of various muscular pathologies, and assessment of muscle response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal K Bangerter
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA;; Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Grayson J Tarbox
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Meredith D Taylor
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Joshua D Kaggie
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Kaggie JD, Sapkota N, Thapa B, Jeong K, Shi X, Morrell G, Bangerter NK, Jeong EK. Synchronous Radial 1H and 23Na Dual-Nuclear MRI on a Clinical MRI System, Equipped With a Broadband Transmit Channel. CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE. PART B, MAGNETIC RESONANCE ENGINEERING 2016; 46B:191-201. [PMID: 31452649 PMCID: PMC6710097 DOI: 10.1002/cmr.b.21347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to synchronously acquire proton (1H) and sodium (23Na) image data on a 3T clinical MRI system within the same sequence, without internal modification of the clinical hardware, and to demonstrate synchronous acquisition with 1H/23Na-GRE imaging with Cartesian and radial k-space sampling. Synchronous dual-nuclear imaging was implemented by: mixing down the 1H signal so that both the 23Na and 1H signal were acquired at 23Na frequency by the conventional MRI system; interleaving 1H/23Na transmit pulses in both Cartesian and radial sequences; and using phase stabilization on the 1H signal to remove mixing effects. The synchronous 1H/23Na setup obtained images in half the time necessary to sequentially acquire the same 1H and 23Na images with the given setup and parameters. Dual-nuclear hardware and sequence modifications were used to acquire 23Na images within the same sequence as 1H images, without increases to the 1H acquisition time. This work demonstrates a viable technique to acquire 23Na image data without increasing 1H acquisition time using minor additional custom hardware, without requiring modification of a commercial scanner with multinuclear capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Kaggie
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nabraj Sapkota
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bijaya Thapa
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kyle Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Departmento f Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Xianfeng Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Glen Morrell
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Neal K. Bangerter
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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17
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Lommen J, Konstandin S, Krämer P, Schad LR. Enhancing the quantification of tissue sodium content by MRI: time-efficient sodium B1 mapping at clinical field strengths. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:129-136. [PMID: 25904161 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue sodium content (TSC) is a sensitive measure of pathological changes and can be detected non-invasively by MRI. For the absolute quantification of TSC, B1 inhomogeneities must be corrected, which is not well established beyond research applications. An in-depth analysis of B1 mapping methods which are suitable for application in TSC quantification is presented. On the basis of these results, a method for simultaneous B1 mapping and imaging is proposed in order to enhance accuracy and to reduce measurement time at clinical field strengths. The B1 mapping techniques used were phase-sensitive (PS), Bloch-Siegert shift (BSS), double-angle (DAM) and actual flip-angle imaging (AFI) methods. Experimental and theoretical comparisons demonstrated that the PS technique yields the most accurate field profiles and exhibits the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Simultaneous B1 mapping and imaging was performed for the PS method, employing both degrees of freedom of the MR signal: the B1 field is encoded into signal phase and the amplitude provides the concentration information. In comparison with the more established DAM, a 13% higher SNR was obtained and field effects could be corrected more accurately without the need for additional measurement time. The protocol developed was applied to measure TSC in the healthy human head at an isotropic resolution of 4 mm. TSC was determined to be 35 ± 1 mM in white matter and 134 ± 3 mM in vitreous humor. By employing the proposed simultaneous characterization of the B1 field and acquisition of the spin density-weighted sodium signal, the accuracy of the non-invasive measurement of TSC is enhanced and the measurement time is reduced. This should allow (23)Na MRI to be better incorporated into clinical studies and routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lommen
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Konstandin
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- MR-Imaging and Spectroscopy, Faculty 01 (Physics/Electrical Engineering), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Philipp Krämer
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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18
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Lykowsky G, Carinci F, Düring M, Weber D, Jakob PM, Haddad D. Optimization and comparison of two practical dual-tuned birdcage configurations for quantitative assessment of articular cartilage with sodium magnetic resonance imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016; 5:799-805. [PMID: 26807361 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2015.11.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, two practical dual-tuned birdcage configurations for quantitative assessment of articular cartilage with sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were designed and compared. METHODS Two 1.5 T dual-tuned birdcages, a four-ring birdcage (FRB) and an alternating rungs birdcage (ARB), were built and then characterized by bench and MRI measurements. The relative uniformity (RU) and the efficiency of the coils were compared using (23)Na and (1)H B1 maps. In vivo images of a volunteer were acquired. RESULTS Bench measurements showed matching and decoupling coefficients of the quadrature channels lower than -20 dB. The RUs and 180° pulse amplitudes of the FRB/ARB were determined as: (1)H RU =94.4/74.4%, (23)Na RU =95.2/93.6%, (1)H 180° pulse amplitude =69.2/75.4 V and (23)Na 180° pulse amplitude =45.1/45.9 V. The in vivo (23)Na images acquired with the FRB show a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 6 to 14 in the cartilage. CONCLUSIONS Due to its superior (1)H homogeneity and efficiency and its slightly better (23)Na homogeneity, the FRB is the overall preferred coil for the given requirements of this study. The achieved in vivo SNR is adequate for quantitative (23)Na and high resolution (1)H imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunthard Lykowsky
- 1 MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Wuerzburg, Germany ; 2 Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Flavio Carinci
- 1 MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Wuerzburg, Germany ; 2 Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Düring
- 1 MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Wuerzburg, Germany ; 2 Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Weber
- 1 MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Wuerzburg, Germany ; 2 Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Peter M Jakob
- 1 MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Wuerzburg, Germany ; 2 Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Haddad
- 1 MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Wuerzburg, Germany ; 2 Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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19
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Mirkes C, Shajan G, Chadzynski G, Buckenmaier K, Bender B, Scheffler K. (31)P CSI of the human brain in healthy subjects and tumor patients at 9.4 T with a three-layered multi-nuclear coil: initial results. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 29:579-89. [PMID: 26811174 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-016-0524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigation of the feasibility and performance of phosphorus ((31)P) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) at 9.4 T with a three-layered phosphorus/proton coil in human normal brain tissue and tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multi-channel (31)P coil was designed to enable MRSI of the entire human brain. The performance of the coil was evaluated by means of electromagnetic field simulations and actual measurements. A 3D chemical shift imaging approach with a variable repetition time and flip angle was used to increase the achievable signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired (31)P spectra. The impact of the resulting k-space modulation was investigated by simulations. Three tumor patients and three healthy volunteers were scanned and differences between spectra from healthy and cancerous tissue were evaluated qualitatively. RESULTS The high sensitivity provided by the 27-channel (31)P coil allowed acquiring CSI data in 22 min with a nominal voxel size of 15 × 15 × 15 mm(3). Shimming and anatomical localization could be performed with the integrated four-channel proton dipole array. The amplitudes of the phosphodiesters and phosphoethanolamine appeared reduced in tumorous tissue for all three patients. A neutral or slightly alkaline pH was measured within the brain lesions. CONCLUSION These initial results demonstrate that (31)P 3D CSI is feasible at 9.4 T and could be performed successfully in healthy subjects and tumor patients in under 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mirkes
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Gunamony Shajan
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Chadzynski
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Schrauth JHX, Lykowsky G, Hemberger K, Kreutner J, Weber D, Rackwitz L, Nöth U, Jakob PM, Haddad D. Comparison of multiple quantitative MRI parameters for characterization of the goat cartilage in an ongoing osteoarthritis: dGEMRIC, T1ρ and sodium. Z Med Phys 2015; 26:270-82. [PMID: 26725167 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease leading to cartilage deterioration by loss of matrix, fibrillation, formation of fissures, and ultimately complete loss of the cartilage surface. Here, three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, dGEMRIC (delayed Gadolinium enhanced MRI of cartilage; dG1=T1,post; dG2=1/T1,post-1/T1,pre), T1ρ,and sodium MRI, are compared in a preclinical in vivo study to evaluate the differences in their potential for cartilage characterization and to establish an examination protocol for a following clinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS OA was induced in 12 caprine knees (6 control, 6 therapy). Adipose derived stem cells were injected afterwards as a treatment. The animals were examined healthy, 3 and 16 weeks postoperatively with all three MRI methods. Using statistical analysis, the OA development and the degree of correlation between the different MRI methods were determined. RESULTS A strong correlation was observed between the dGEMRIC indices dG1 and dG2 (r=-0.87) which differ only in considering or not considering the T1 baseline. Moderate correlations were found between T1ρ and dG1 (r=0.55), T1ρ and dG2 (r=0.47) and at last, sodium and dG1 (r=0.45). The correlations found in this study match to the biomarkers which the methods are sensitive to. CONCLUSION Even though the goat cartilage is significantly thinner than the human cartilage and even more in a degenerated cartilage, all three methods were able to characterize the cartilage over the whole period of time during an ongoing OA. Due to measurement and post processing optimizations, as well as the correlations detected in this work, the overall measurement time in future goat studies can be minimized. Moreover, an examination protocol for characterizing the cartilage in a clinical study was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim H X Schrauth
- MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Gunthard Lykowsky
- MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Hemberger
- MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Jakob Kreutner
- MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Weber
- MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Lars Rackwitz
- König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Brettreichstraße 11, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Nöth
- König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Brettreichstraße 11, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Peter M Jakob
- MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Haddad
- MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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21
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Mirkes C, Shajan G, Bause J, Buckenmaier K, Hoffmann J, Scheffler K. Triple-quantum-filtered sodium imaging at 9.4 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:1278-89. [PMID: 25846242 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Efficient acquisition of triple-quantum-filtered (TQF) sodium images at ultra-high field (UHF) strength. METHODS A three-pulse preparation and a stack of double-spirals were used for the acquisition of TQF images at 9.4 Tesla. The flip angles of the TQ preparation were smoothly reduced toward the edge of k-space along the partition-encoding direction. In doing so, the specific absorption rate could be reduced while preserving the maximal signal intensity for the partitions most relevant for image contrast in the center of k-space. Simulations, phantom and in vivo measurements were used to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method. RESULTS A higher sensitivity (∼ 20%) was achieved compared to the standard acquisition without flip angle apodization. Signals from free sodium ions were successfully suppressed irrespective of the amount of apodization used. B0 corrected TQF images with a nominal resolution of 5 × 5 × 5 mm(3) and an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio could be acquired in vivo within 21 min. CONCLUSION Conventional TQF in combination with flip angle apodization permits to exploit more efficiently the increased sensitivity available at 9.4T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mirkes
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - G Shajan
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Bause
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate School of Neural & Behavioural Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Hoffmann
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate School of Neural & Behavioural Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
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Shajan G, Mirkes C, Buckenmaier K, Hoffmann J, Pohmann R, Scheffler K. Three‐layered radio frequency coil arrangement for sodium MRI of the human brain at 9.4 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:906-16. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Shajan
- High Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingen Germany
| | - Christian Mirkes
- High Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingen Germany
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic ResonanceUniversity of TübingenTübingen Germany
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- High Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingen Germany
| | - Jens Hoffmann
- High Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingen Germany
| | - Rolf Pohmann
- High Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingen Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingen Germany
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic ResonanceUniversity of TübingenTübingen Germany
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Linz P, Santoro D, Renz W, Rieger J, Ruehle A, Ruff J, Deimling M, Rakova N, Muller DN, Luft FC, Titze J, Niendorf T. Skin sodium measured with ²³Na MRI at 7.0 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:54-62. [PMID: 25328128 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Skin sodium (Na(+) ) storage, as a physiologically important regulatory mechanism for blood pressure, volume regulation and, indeed, survival, has recently been rediscovered. This has prompted the development of MRI methods to assess Na(+) storage in humans ((23) Na MRI) at 3.0 T. This work examines the feasibility of high in-plane spatial resolution (23) Na MRI in skin at 7.0 T. A two-channel transceiver radiofrequency (RF) coil array tailored for skin MRI at 7.0 T (f = 78.5 MHz) is proposed. Specific absorption rate (SAR) simulations and a thorough assessment of RF power deposition were performed to meet the safety requirements. Human skin was examined in an in vivo feasibility study using two-dimensional gradient echo imaging. Normal male adult volunteers (n = 17; mean ± standard deviation, 46 ± 18 years; range, 20-79 years) were investigated. Transverse slices of the calf were imaged with (23) Na MRI using a high in-plane resolution of 0.9 × 0.9 mm(2) . Skin Na(+) content was determined using external agarose standards covering a physiological range of Na(+) concentrations. To assess the intra-subject reproducibility, each volunteer was examined three to five times with each session including a 5-min walk and repositioning/preparation of the subject. The age dependence of skin Na(+) content was investigated. The (23) Na RF coil provides improved sensitivity within a range of 1 cm from its surface versus a volume RF coil which facilitates high in-plane spatial resolution imaging of human skin. Intra-subject variability of human skin Na(+) content in the volunteer population was <10.3%. An age-dependent increase in skin Na(+) content was observed (r = 0.78). The assignment of Na(+) stores with (23) Na MRI techniques could be improved at 7.0 T compared with current 3.0 T technology. The benefits of such improvements may have the potential to aid basic research and clinical applications designed to unlock questions regarding the Na(+) balance and Na(+) storage function of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Linz
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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24
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Kaggie JD, Hadley JR, Badal J, Campbell JR, Park DJ, Parker DL, Morrell G, Newbould RD, Wood AF, Bangerter NK. A 3 T sodium and proton composite array breast coil. Magn Reson Med 2013; 71:2231-42. [PMID: 24105740 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to determine whether a sodium phased array would improve sodium breast MRI at 3 T. The secondary objective was to create acceptable proton images with the sodium phased array in place. METHODS A novel composite array for combined proton/sodium 3 T breast MRI is compared with a coil with a single proton and sodium channel. The composite array consists of a 7-channel sodium receive array, a larger sodium transmit coil, and a 4-channel proton transceive array. The new composite array design utilizes smaller sodium receive loops than typically used in sodium imaging, uses novel decoupling methods between the receive loops and transmit loops, and uses a novel multichannel proton transceive coil. The proton transceive coil reduces coupling between proton and sodium elements by intersecting the constituent loops to reduce their mutual inductance. The coil used for comparison consists of a concentric sodium and proton loop with passive decoupling traps. RESULTS The composite array coil demonstrates a 2-5× improvement in signal-to-noise ratio for sodium imaging and similar signal-to-noise ratio for proton imaging when compared with a simple single-loop dual resonant design. CONCLUSION The improved signal-to-noise ratio of the composite array gives breast sodium images of unprecedented quality in reasonable scan times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Kaggie
- Department of Radiology, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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25
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Park DJ, Bangerter NK, Javed A, Kaggie J, Khalighi MM, Morrell GR. A statistical analysis of the Bloch-Siegert B1 mapping technique. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:5673-91. [PMID: 23899515 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/16/5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of B1 mapping methods have been introduced. A model to facilitate choice among these methods is valuable, as the performance of each technique is affected by a variety of factors, including acquisition signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The Bloch-Siegert shift B1 mapping method has recently garnered significant interest. In this paper, we present a statistical model suitable for analysis of the Bloch-Siegert shift method. Unlike previously presented models, the analysis is valid in both low SNR and high SNR regimes. We present a detailed analysis of the performance of the Bloch-Siegert shift B1 mapping method across a broad range of acquisition scenarios, and compare it to two other B1 mapping techniques (the dual angle method and the phase sensitive method). Further validation of the model is presented through both Monte Carlo simulations and experimental results. The simulations and experimental results match the model well, lending confidence to its accuracy. Each technique is found to perform well with high acquisition SNR. However, our results suggest that the dual angle method is not reliable in low SNR environments. Furthermore, the phase sensitive method appears to outperform the Bloch-Siegert shift method in these low-SNR cases, although variations of the Bloch-Siegert method may be possible that improve its performance at low SNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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26
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Carinci F, Santoro D, von Samson-Himmelstjerna F, Lindel TD, Dieringer MA, Niendorf T. Characterization of phase-based methods used for transmission field uniformity mapping: a magnetic resonance study at 3.0 T and 7.0 T. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57982. [PMID: 23472127 PMCID: PMC3589447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the transmission field (B1(+)) of radio-frequency coils is crucial for high field (B0 = 3.0 T) and ultrahigh field (B0 ≥7.0 T) magnetic resonance applications to overcome constraints dictated by electrodynamics in the short wavelength regime with the ultimate goal to improve the image quality. For this purpose B1(+) mapping methods are used, which are commonly magnitude-based. In this study an analysis of five phase-based methods for three-dimensional mapping of the B1(+) field is presented. The five methods are implemented in a 3D gradient-echo technique. Each method makes use of different RF-pulses (composite or off-resonance pulses) to encode the effective intensity of the B1(+) field into the phase of the magnetization. The different RF-pulses result in different trajectories of the magnetization, different use of the transverse magnetization and different sensitivities to B1(+) inhomogeneities and frequency offsets, as demonstrated by numerical simulations. The characterization of the five methods also includes phantom experiments and in vivo studies of the human brain at 3.0 T and at 7.0 T. It is shown how the characteristics of each method affect the quality of the B1(+) maps. Implications for in vivo B1(+) mapping at 3.0 T and 7.0 T are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Carinci
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria (MRB), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Davide Santoro
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Federico von Samson-Himmelstjerna
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charitè Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Image Computing, Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tomasz Dawid Lindel
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medical Metrology, Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Alexander Dieringer
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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27
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Boada FE, Qian Y, Nemoto E, Jovin T, Jungreis C, Jones SC, Weimer J, Lee V. Sodium MRI and the assessment of irreversible tissue damage during hyper-acute stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2012; 3:236-45. [PMID: 24323779 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-012-0168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sodium MRI (sMRI) has undergone a tremendous amount of technical development during the last two decades that makes it a suitable tool for the study of human pathology in the acute setting within the constraints of a clinical environment. The salient role of the sodium ion during impaired ATP production during the course of brain ischemia makes sMRI an ideal tool for the study of ischemic tissue viability during stroke. In this paper, the current limitations of conventional MRI for the determination of tissue viability during evolving brain ischemia are discussed. This discussion is followed by a summary of the known findings about the dynamics of tissue sodium changes during brain ischemia. A mechanistic model for the explanation of these findings is presented together with the technical requirements for its investigation using clinical MRI scanners. An illustration of the salient features of the technique is also presented using a nonhuman primate model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando E Boada
- MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,
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28
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Stoll G, Basse-Lüsebrink T, Weise G, Jakob P. Visualization of inflammation using19F-magnetic resonance imaging and perfluorocarbons. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 4:438-47. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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