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Kiser K, Zhang J, Qayyum S, Bracken WC, Kim SG. Simultaneous estimation of the cellular water exchange rate, intracellular volume fraction, and longitudinal relaxation rate in cancer cells. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4914. [PMID: 36889984 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the feasibility of simultaneously estimating the cellular water efflux rate ( k ie ), intracellular longitudinal relaxation rate ( R 10 i ), and intracellular volume fraction ( v i ) of a cell suspension using multiple samples with different gadolinium concentrations. Numerical simulation studies were conducted to assess the uncertainty in the estimation of k ie , R 10 i , and v i from saturation recovery data using single (SC) or multiple concentrations (MC) of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA). In vitro experiments with 4 T1 murine breast cancer and SCCVII squamous cell cancer models were conducted at 11 T to compare parameter estimation using the SC protocol with that using the MC protocol. The cell lines were challenged with a Na+ /K+ -ATPase inhibitor, digoxin, to assess the treatment response in terms of k ie , R 10 i , and v i . Data analysis was conducted using the two-compartment exchange model for parameter estimation. The simulation study data demonstrate that the MC method, compared with the SC method, reduces the uncertainty of the estimated k ie by decreasing the interquartile ranges from 27.3% ± 3.7% to 18.8% ± 5.1% and the median differences from ground truth from 15.0% ± 6.3% to 7.2% ± 4.2%, while estimating R 10 i and v i simultaneously. In the cell studies, the MC method demonstrated reduced uncertainty in overall parameter estimation compared with the SC approach. MC method-measured parameter changes in cells treated with digoxin increased R 10 i by 11.7% (p = 0.218) and k ie by 5.9% (p = 0.234) for 4 T1 cells, respectively, and decreased R 10 i by 28.8% (p = 0.226) and k ie by 1.6% (p = 0.751) for SCCVII cells, respectively. v i did not change noticeably by the treatment. The results of this study substantiate the feasibility of using saturation recovery data of multiple samples with different GBCA concentrations for simultaneous measurement of the cellular water efflux rate, intracellular volume fraction, and intracellular longitudinal relaxation rate in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kiser
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sawwal Qayyum
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - W Clay Bracken
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sungheon Gene Kim
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Cao J, Pickup S, Rosen M, Zhou R. Impact of Arterial Input Function and Pharmacokinetic Models on DCE-MRI Biomarkers for Detection of Vascular Effect Induced by Stroma-Directed Drug in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2023:10.1007/s11307-023-01824-7. [PMID: 37166575 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We demonstrated earlier in mouse models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) that Ktrans derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI detected microvascular effect induced by PEGPH20, a hyaluronidase which removes stromal hyaluronan, leading to reduced interstitial fluid pressure in the tumor (Clinical Cancer Res (2019) 25: 2314-2322). How the choice of pharmacokinetic (PK) model and arterial input function (AIF) may impact DCE-derived markers for detecting such an effect is not known. PROCEDURES Retrospective analyses of the DCE-MRI of the orthotopic PDA model are performed to examine the impact of individual versus group AIF combined with Tofts model (TM), extended-Tofts model (ETM), or shutter-speed model (SSM) on the ability to detect the microvascular changes induced by PEGPH20 treatment. RESULTS Individual AIF exhibit a marked difference in peak gadolinium concentration. However, across all three PK models, kep values show a significant correlation between individual versus group-AIF (p < 0.01). Regardless individual or group AIF, when kep is obtained from fitting the DCE-MRI data using the SSM, kep shows a significant increase after PEGPH20 treatment (p < 0.05 compared to the baseline); %change of kep from baseline to post-treatment is also significantly different between PEGPH20 versus vehicle group (p < 0.05). In comparison, when kep is derived from the TM, only the use of individual AIF leads to a significant increase of kep after PEGPH20 treatment, whereas the %change of kep is not different between PEGPH20 versus vehicle group. Group AIF but not individual AIF allows detection of a significant increase of Vp (derived from the ETM) in PEGPH20 versus vehicle group (p < 0.05). Increase of Vp is consistent with a large increase of mean capillary lumen area estimated from immunostaining. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that kep derived from SSM and Vp from ETM, both using group AIF, are optimal for the detection of microvascular changes induced by stroma-directed drug PEGPH20. These analyses provide insights in the choice of PK model and AIF for optimal DCE protocol design in mouse pancreatic cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Cao
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Current address: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Stephen Pickup
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mark Rosen
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Kiser K, Zhang J, Das AB, Tranos JA, Wadghiri YZ, Kim SG. Evaluation of cellular water exchange in a mouse glioma model using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with two flip angles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3007. [PMID: 36810898 PMCID: PMC9945648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript aims to evaluate the robustness and significance of the water efflux rate constant (kio) parameter estimated using the two flip-angle Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI approach with a murine glioblastoma model at 7 T. The repeatability of contrast kinetic parameters and kio measurement was assessed by a test-retest experiment (n = 7). The association of kio with cellular metabolism was investigated through DCE-MRI and FDG-PET experiments (n = 7). Tumor response to a combination therapy of bevacizumab and fluorouracil (5FU) monitored by contrast kinetic parameters and kio (n = 10). Test-retest experiments demonstrated compartmental volume fractions (ve and vp) remained consistent between scans while the vascular functional measures (Fp and PS) and kio showed noticeable changes, most likely due to physiological changes of the tumor. The standardized uptake value (SUV) of tumors has a linear correlation with kio (R2 = 0.547), a positive correlation with Fp (R2 = 0.504), and weak correlations with ve (R2 = 0.150), vp (R2 = 0.077), PS (R2 = 0.117), Ktrans (R2 = 0.088) and whole tumor volume (R2 = 0.174). In the treatment study, the kio of the treated group was significantly lower than the control group one day after bevacizumab treatment and decreased significantly after 5FU treatment compared to the baseline. This study results support the feasibility of measuring kio using the two flip-angle DCE-MRI approach in cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kiser
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, WMC Box 141, USA.
| | - Jin Zhang
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 WMC Box 141, USA
| | - Ayesha Bharadwaj Das
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 WMC Box 141, USA
| | - James A. Tranos
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Youssef Zaim Wadghiri
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Sungheon Gene Kim
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 WMC Box 141, USA
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Springer CS, Baker EM, Li X, Moloney B, Wilson GJ, Pike MM, Barbara TM, Rooney WD, Maki JH. Metabolic activity diffusion imaging (MADI): I. Metabolic, cytometric modeling and simulations. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4781. [PMID: 35654608 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evidence mounts that the steady-state cellular water efflux (unidirectional) first-order rate constant (kio [s-1 ]) magnitude reflects the ongoing, cellular metabolic rate of the cytolemmal Na+ , K+ -ATPase (NKA), c MRNKA (pmol [ATP consumed by NKA]/s/cell), perhaps biology's most vital enzyme. Optimal 1 H2 O MR kio determinations require paramagnetic contrast agents (CAs) in model systems. However, results suggest that the homeostatic metabolic kio biomarker magnitude in vivo is often too large to be reached with allowable or possible CA living tissue distributions. Thus, we seek a noninvasive (CA-free) method to determine kio in vivo. Because membrane water permeability has long been considered important in tissue water diffusion, we turn to the well-known diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) modality. To analyze the diffusion tensor magnitude, we use a parsimoniously primitive model featuring Monte Carlo simulations of water diffusion in virtual ensembles comprising water-filled and -immersed randomly sized/shaped contracted Voronoi cells. We find this requires two additional, cytometric properties: the mean cell volume (V [pL]) and the cell number density (ρ [cells/μL]), important biomarkers in their own right. We call this approach metabolic activity diffusion imaging (MADI). We simulate water molecule displacements and transverse MR signal decays covering the entirety of b-space from pure water (ρ = V = 0; kio undefined; diffusion coefficient, D0 ) to zero diffusion. The MADI model confirms that, in compartmented spaces with semipermeable boundaries, diffusion cannot be described as Gaussian: the nanoscopic D (Dn ) is diffusion time-dependent, a manifestation of the "diffusion dispersion". When the "well-mixed" (steady-state) condition is reached, diffusion becomes limited, mainly by the probabilities of (1) encountering (ρ, V), and (2) permeating (kio ) cytoplasmic membranes, and less so by Dn magnitudes. Importantly, for spaces with large area/volume (A/V; claustrophobia) ratios, this can happen in less than a millisecond. The model matches literature experimental data well, with implications for DWI interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Springer
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Eric M Baker
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brendan Moloney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gregory J Wilson
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Bayer Healthcare, Radiology, New Jersey, USA
| | - Martin M Pike
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Thomas M Barbara
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - William D Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Maki
- Anschutz Medical Center Department of Radiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Sasi S D, Gupta RK, Patir R, Ahlawat S, Vaishya S, Singh A. A comprehensive evaluation and impact of normalization of generalized tracer kinetic model parameters to characterize blood-brain-barrier permeability in normal-appearing and tumor tissue regions of patients with glioma. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 83:77-88. [PMID: 34311065 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To comprehensively evaluate robustness and variations of DCE-MRI derived generalized-tracer-kinetic-model (GTKM) parameters in healthy and tumor tissues and impact of normalization in mitigating these variations on application to glioma. MATERIALS (PATIENTS) AND METHODS A retrospective study included pre-operative 31 high-grade-glioma(HGG), 22 low-grade-glioma(LGG) and 33 follow-up data from 10 patients a prospective study with 4 HGG subjects. Voxel-wise GTKM was fitted to DCE-MRI data to estimate Ktrans, ve, vb. Simulations were used to evaluate noise sensitivity. Variation of parameters with-respect-to arterial-input-function (AIF) variation and data length were studied. Normalization of parameters with-respect-to mean values in gray-matter (GM) and white-matter (WM) regions (GM-Type-2, WM-Type-2) and mean curves (GM-Type-1, WM-Type-1) were also evaluated. Co-efficient-of-variation(CoV), relative-percentage-error (RPE), Box-Whisker plots, bar graphs and t-test were used for comparison. RESULTS GTKM was fitted well in all tissue regions. Ktrans and ve in contrast-enhancing (CE) has shown improved noise sensitivity in longer data. vb was reliable in all tissues. Mean AIF and C(t) peaks showed ~38% and ~35% variations. During simulation, normalizations have mitigated variations due to changes in AIF amplitude in Ktrans and vb.. ve was less sensitive to normalizations. CoV of Ktrans and vb has reduced ~70% after GM-Type-1 normalization and ~80% after GM-Type-2 normalization, respectively. GM-Type-1 (p = 0.003) and GM-Type-2 (p = 0.006) normalizations have significantly improved differentiation of HGG and LGG using Ktrans. CONCLUSION Ktrans and vb can be reliably estimated in normal-appearing brain tissues and can be used for normalization of corresponding parameters in tumor tissues for mitigating inter-subject variability due to errors in AIF. Normalized Ktrans and vb provided improved differentiation of HGG and LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinil Sasi S
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh K Gupta
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, India
| | - Rana Patir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, India
| | - Suneeta Ahlawat
- SRL Diagnostics, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, India
| | - Sandeep Vaishya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, India
| | - Anup Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Zhang J, Lemberskiy G, Moy L, Fieremans E, Novikov DS, Kim SG. Measurement of cellular-interstitial water exchange time in tumors based on diffusion-time-dependent diffusional kurtosis imaging. NMR Biomed 2021; 34:e4496. [PMID: 33634508 PMCID: PMC8170918 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of using diffusion-time-dependent diffusional kurtosis imaging (tDKI) to measure cellular-interstitial water exchange time (τex ) in tumors, both in animals and in humans. METHODS Preclinical tDKI studies at 7 T were performed with the GL261 glioma model and the 4T1 mammary tumor model injected into the mouse brain. Clinical studies were performed at 3 T with women who had biopsy-proven invasive ductal carcinoma. tDKI measurement was conducted using a diffusion-weighted STEAM pulse sequence with multiple diffusion times (20-800 ms) at a fixed echo time, while keeping the b-values the same (0-3000 s/mm2 ) by adjusting the diffusion gradient strength. The tDKI data at each diffusion time t were used for a weighted linear least-squares fit method to estimate the diffusion-time-dependent diffusivity, D(t), and diffusional kurtosis, K(t). RESULTS Both preclinical and clinical studies showed that, when diffusion time t ≥ 200 ms, D(t) did not have a noticeable change while K(t) decreased monotonically with increasing diffusion time in tumors and t ≥ 100 ms for the cortical ribbon of the mouse brain. The estimated τex averaged median and interquartile range (IQR) of GL261 and 4T1 tumors were 93 (IQR = 89) ms and 68 (78) ms, respectively. For the cortical ribbon, the estimated τex averaged median and IQR were 41 (34) ms for C57BL/6 and 30 (17) ms for BALB/c. For invasive ductal carcinoma, the estimated τex median and IQR of the two breast cancers were 70 (94) and 106 (92) ms. CONCLUSION The results of this proof-of-concept study substantiate the feasibility of using tDKI to measure cellular-interstitial water exchange time without using an exogenous contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregory Lemberskiy
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Linda Moy
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Els Fieremans
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dmitry S Novikov
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sungheon Gene Kim
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Bai R, Wang B, Jia Y, Wang Z, Springer CS, Li Z, Lan C, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Liu Y. Shutter-Speed DCE-MRI Analyses of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) Data. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 52:850-863. [PMID: 32167637 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shutter-speed model dynamic contrast-enhanced (SSM-DCE) MRI pharmacokinetic analysis adds a metabolic dimension to DCE-MRI. This is of particular interest in cancers, since abnormal metabolic activity might happen. PURPOSE To develop a DCE-MRI SSM analysis framework for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cases considering the heterogeneous tissue found in GBM. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Ten GBM patients. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T MRI with DCE-MRI. ASSESSMENTS The corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc ) was used to automatically separate DCE-MRI data into proper SSM versions based on the contrast agent (CA) extravasation in each pixel. The supra-intensive parameters, including the vascular water efflux rate constant (kbo ), the cellular efflux rate constant (kio ), and the CA vascular efflux rate constant (kpe ), together with intravascular and extravascular-extracellular water mole fractions (pb and po , respectively) were determined. Further error analyses were also performed to eliminate unreliable estimations on kio and kbo . STATISTICAL TESTS Student's t-test. RESULTS For tumor pixels of all subjects, 88% show lower AICc with SSM than with the Tofts model. Compared to normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), tumor tissue showed significantly larger pb (0.045 vs. 0.011, P < 0.001) and higher kpe (3.0 × 10-2 s-1 vs. 6.1 × 10-4 s-1 , P < 0.001). In the contrast, significant kbo reduction was observed from NAWM to GBM tumor tissue (2.8 s-1 vs. 1.0 s-1 , P < 0.001). In addition, kbo is four orders and two orders of magnitude greater than kpe in the NAWM and GBM tumor, respectively. These results indicate that CA and water molecule have different transmembrane pathways. The mean tumor kio of all subjects was 0.57 s-1 . DATA CONCLUSION We demonstrate the feasibility of applying SSM models in GBM cases. Within the proposed SSM analysis framework, kio and kbo could be estimated, which might be useful biomarkers for GBM diagnosis and survival prediction in future. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:850-863.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiliang Bai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinhang Jia
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Charles S Springer
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanjin Lan
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Dickie BR, Parker GJM, Parkes LM. Measuring water exchange across the blood-brain barrier using MRI. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc 2020; 116:19-39. [PMID: 32130957 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates the transfer of solutes and essential nutrients into the brain. Growing evidence supports BBB dysfunction in a range of acute and chronic brain diseases, justifying the need for novel research and clinical tools that can non-invasively detect, characterize, and quantify BBB dysfunction in-vivo. Many approaches already exist for measuring BBB dysfunction in man using positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (e.g. dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI measurements of gadolinium leakage). This review paper focusses on MRI measurements of water exchange across the BBB, which occurs through a wide range of pathways, and is likely to be a highly sensitive marker of BBB dysfunction. Key mathematical models and acquisition methods are discussed for the two main approaches: those that utilize contrast agents to enhance relaxation rate differences between the intravascular and extravascular compartments and so enhance the sensitivity of MRI signals to BBB water exchange, and those that utilize the dynamic properties of arterial spin labelling to first isolate signal from intravascular spins and then estimate the impact of water exchange on the evolving signal. Data from studies in healthy and pathological brain tissue are discussed, in addition to validation studies in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben R Dickie
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Geoff J M Parker
- Bioxydyn Limited, Manchester M15 6SZ, United Kingdom; Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science and Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M Parkes
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article is to review recent technical developments and their clinical applications in cancer imaging quantitative measurement of cellular and vascular properties of the tumors. RECENT FINDINGS Rapid development of fast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technologies over last decade brought new opportunities in quantitative MRI methods to measure both cellular and vascular properties of tumors simultaneously. SUMMARY Diffusion MRI (dMRI) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI have become widely used to assess the tissue structural and vascular properties, respectively. However, the ultimate potential of these advanced imaging modalities has not been fully exploited. The dependency of dMRI on the diffusion weighting gradient strength and diffusion time can be utilized to measure tumor perfusion, cellular structure, and cellular membrane permeability. Similarly, DCE-MRI can be used to measure vascular and cellular membrane permeability along with cellular compartment volume fractions. To facilitate the understanding of these potentially important methods for quantitative cancer imaging, we discuss the basic concepts and recent developments, as well as future directions for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Baboli
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sungheon Gene Kim
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Zhang J, Kim SG. Estimation of cellular-interstitial water exchange in dynamic contrast enhanced MRI using two flip angles. NMR Biomed 2019; 32:e4135. [PMID: 31348580 PMCID: PMC6817382 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of using multiple flip angles in dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI to reduce the uncertainty in estimation of intracellular water lifetime (τi ). METHODS Numerical simulation studies were conducted to assess the uncertainty in estimation of τi using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI with one or two flip angles. In vivo experiments with a murine brain tumor model were conducted at 7T using two flip angles. The in vivo data were used to compare τi estimation using the single-flip-angle (SFA) protocol with that using the double-flip-angle (DFA) protocol. Data analysis was conducted using the two-compartment exchange model combined with the three-site-two-exchange model for water exchange. RESULTS In the numerical simulation studies with a range of contrast kinetic parameters and signal-to-noise ratio = 20, the median bias of τi estimation decreased from 72 ms with SFA to 65 ms with DFA, and the corresponding median inter-quartile range reduced from 523 ms to 156 ms. In the in vivo studies, τi estimation with SFA was not successful in most voxels in the tumors, as the estimated τi values reached the upper limit of the parameter range (2 s). In contrast, the estimated τi values with DFA were mostly between 0.2 and 1.5 s and homogeneously distributed spatially across the tumor. The τi estimation with DFA was less sensitive to arterial input function scaling but more sensitive to pre-contrast T1 than the other contrast kinetic parameters. CONCLUSION This study results demonstrate the feasibility of using multiple flip angles to encode the post-contrast time-intensity curve with different weighting of water exchange effect to reduce the uncertainty in τi estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sungheon Gene Kim
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Inglese M, Ordidge KL, Honeyfield L, Barwick TD, Aboagye EO, Waldman AD, Grech-Sollars M. Reliability of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging data in primary brain tumours: a comparison of Tofts and shutter speed models. Neuroradiology 2019; 61:1375-1386. [PMID: 31392385 PMCID: PMC6848046 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-019-02265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the robustness of pharmacokinetic modelling of DCE-MRI brain tumour data and to ascertain reliable perfusion parameters through a model selection process and a stability test. Methods DCE-MRI data of 14 patients with primary brain tumours were analysed using the Tofts model (TM), the extended Tofts model (ETM), the shutter speed model (SSM) and the extended shutter speed model (ESSM). A no-effect model (NEM) was implemented to assess overfitting of data by the other models. For each lesion, the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) was used to build a 3D model selection map. The variability of each pharmacokinetic parameter extracted from this map was assessed with a noise propagation procedure, resulting in voxel-wise distributions of the coefficient of variation (CV). Results The model selection map over all patients showed NEM had the best fit in 35.5% of voxels, followed by ETM (32%), TM (28.2%), SSM (4.3%) and ESSM (< 0.1%). In analysing the reliability of Ktrans, when considering regions with a CV < 20%, ≈ 25% of voxels were found to be stable across all patients. The remaining 75% of voxels were considered unreliable. Conclusions The majority of studies quantifying DCE-MRI data in brain tumours only consider a single model and whole tumour statistics for the output parameters. Appropriate model selection, considering tissue biology and its effects on blood brain barrier permeability and exchange conditions, together with an analysis on the reliability and stability of the calculated parameters, is critical in processing robust brain tumour DCE-MRI data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Inglese
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, GN1 Commonwealth building, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | | | - Lesley Honeyfield
- Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tara D Barwick
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, GN1 Commonwealth building, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, GN1 Commonwealth building, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Adam D Waldman
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthew Grech-Sollars
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, GN1 Commonwealth building, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Li X, Mangia S, Lee JH, Bai R, Springer CS. NMR shutter-speed elucidates apparent population inversion of 1 H 2 O signals due to active transmembrane water cycling. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:411-424. [PMID: 30903632 PMCID: PMC6593680 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The desire to quantitatively discriminate the extra‐ and intracellular tissue 1H2O MR signals has gone hand‐in‐hand with the continual, historic increase in MRI instrument magnetic field strength [B0]. However, recent studies have indicated extremely valuable, novel metabolic information can be readily accessible at ultra–low B0. The two signals can be distinguished, and the homeostatic activity of the cell membrane sodium/potassium pump (Na+,K+,ATPase) detected. The mechanism allowing 1H2O MRI to do this is the newly discovered active transmembrane water cycling (AWC) phenomenon, which we found using paramagnetic extracellular contrast agents at clinical B0 values. AWC is important because Na+,K+,ATPase can be considered biology’s most vital enzyme, and its in vivo steady‐state activity has not before been measurable, let alone amenable to mapping with high spatial resolution. Recent reports indicate AWC correlates with neuronal firing rate, with malignant tumor metastatic potential, and inversely with cellular reducing equivalent fraction. We wish to systematize the ways AWC can be precisely measured. Methods We present a theoretical longitudinal relaxation analysis of considerable scope: it spans the low‐ and high–field situations. Results We show the NMR shutter‐speed organizing principle is pivotal in understanding how trans–membrane steady–state water exchange kinetics are manifest throughout the range. Our findings illuminate an aspect, apparent population inversion, which is crucial in understanding ultra‐low field results. Conclusions Without an appreciation of apparent population inversion, significant misinterpretations of future data are likely. These could have unfortunate diagnostic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Silvia Mangia
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jing-Huei Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ruiliang Bai
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Charles S Springer
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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