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Bontempi P, Rozzanigo U, Marangoni S, Fogazzi E, Ravanelli D, Cazzoletti L, Giometto B, Farace P. Non-lesional white matter in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis assessed by multicomponent T2 relaxation. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3334. [PMID: 38041516 PMCID: PMC10726908 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study is to investigate, by T2 relaxation, non-lesional white matter (WM) in relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Twenty stable RR MS patients underwent 1.5T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with 3D Fluid-Attenuated Inversion-Recovery (FLAIR), 3D-T1-weighted, and T2-relaxation multi-echo sequences. The Lesion Segmentation Tool processed FLAIR images to identify focal lesions (FLs), whereas T1 images were segmented to identify WM and FL sub-volumes with T1 hypo-intensity. Non-lesional WM was obtained as the segmented WM, excluding FL volumes. The multi-echo sequence allowed decomposition into myelin water, intra-extracellular water, and free water (Fw), which were evaluated on the segmented non-lesional WM. Correlation analysis was performed between the non-lesional WM relaxation parameters and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), disease duration, patient age, and T1 hypo-intense FL volumes. RESULTS The T1 hypo-intense FL volumes correlated with EDSS. On the non-lesional WM, the median Fw correlated with EDSS, disease duration, age, and T1 hypo-intense FL volumes. Bivariate EDSS correlation of FL volumes and WM T2-relaxation parameters did not improve significance. CONCLUSION T2 relaxation allowed identifying subtle WM alterations, which significantly correlated with EDSS, disease duration, and age but do not seem to be EDSS-predictors independent from FL sub-volumes in stable RR patients. Particularly, the increase in the Fw component is suggestive of an uninvestigated prodromal phenomenon in brain degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Bontempi
- Department of Engineering for Innovation MedicineUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Umberto Rozzanigo
- Neuro‐radiology Unit, Hospital of TrentoAzienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS)TrentoItaly
| | - Sabrina Marangoni
- Neurology Unit, Hospital of TrentoAzienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS)TrentoItaly
| | - Elena Fogazzi
- Physics departmentUniversity of TrentoPovoTrentoItaly
| | - Daniele Ravanelli
- Medical Physics Department, Hospital of TrentoAzienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS)TrentoItaly
| | - Lucia Cazzoletti
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public HealthUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Bruno Giometto
- Neurology Unit, Hospital of TrentoAzienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS)TrentoItaly
| | - Paolo Farace
- Medical Physics Department, Hospital of TrentoAzienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS)TrentoItaly
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Economou M, Bempt FV, Van Herck S, Wouters J, Ghesquière P, Vanderauwera J, Vandermosten M. Myelin plasticity during early literacy training in at-risk pre-readers. Cortex 2023; 167:86-100. [PMID: 37542803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of neuroimaging evidence shows that white matter can change as a result of experience and structured learning. Although the majority of previous work has used diffusion MRI to characterize such changes in white matter, diffusion metrics offer limited biological specificity about which microstructural features may be driving white matter plasticity. Recent advances in myelin-specific MRI techniques offer a promising opportunity to assess the specific contribution of myelin in learning-related plasticity. Here we describe the application of such an approach to examine structural plasticity during an early intervention in preliterate children at risk for dyslexia. To this end, myelin water imaging data were collected before and after a 12-week period in (1) at-risk children following early literacy training (n = 13-24), (2) at-risk children engaging with other non-literacy games (n = 10-17) and (3) children without a risk receiving no training (n = 11-22). Before the training, regional risk-related differences were identified, showing higher myelin water fraction (MWF) in right dorsal white matter in at-risk children compared to the typical control group. Concerning intervention-specific effects, our results revealed an increase across left-hemispheric and right ventral MWF over the course of training in the at-risk children receiving early literacy training, but not in the at-risk active control group or the no-risk typical control group. Overall, our results provide support for the use of myelin water imaging as a sensitive tool to investigate white matter and offer a first indication of myelin plasticity in young children at the onset of literacy acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Economou
- Research Group ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Femke Vanden Bempt
- Research Group ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shauni Van Herck
- Research Group ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Wouters
- Research Group ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pol Ghesquière
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolijn Vanderauwera
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Maaike Vandermosten
- Research Group ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Ljusberg A, Blystad I, Lundberg P, Adolfsson E, Tisell A. Radiation-dependent demyelination in normal appearing white matter in glioma patients, determined using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol 2023; 27:100451. [PMID: 37720464 PMCID: PMC10500023 DOI: 10.1016/j.phro.2023.100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose A brain tumour, especially a glioma, is a rare disease; it is challenging to treat and the prognosis is often poor. Routine care includes surgery and concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Diagnostic work-up and treatment effects are typically evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Quantitative MRI (qMRI), unlike conventional MRI, has the advantage of providing tissue-specific relaxation rates and proton density. The purpose is to detect changes in normal appearing white matter (NAWM) in brain tumour patients after CRT using qMRI. Materials & methods NAWM was analysed in 10 patients, in 83 MR examinations performed before and after surgery and after CRT. Relaxation rates R1 and R2, the proton density (PD) and the concentration of myelin (cMy) were calculated from the qMRI scans and analysed in correlation to radiation dose and time after treatment. Results A significant decrease in cMy between pre-treatment imaging and first follow-up and an increase in PD were observed. For low doses (less than 30 Gy) PD and cMy returned to baseline (=pre-operative status), while for high doses (>30 Gy) the change increased during the full extent of the follow-up period. No difference could be established for R1. For R2 an increase was observed during the first year, which then gradually returned to baseline. For R2, stronger effects were seen as a consequence of higher absorbed doses. Conclusion In the long-term follow-up for glioma patients, qMRI is a powerful tool for detecting small changes, such as a decrease of myelin concentration, in NAWM after CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ljusberg
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ida Blystad
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Lundberg
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emelie Adolfsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Tisell
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Gouel P, Hapdey S, Dumouchel A, Gardin I, Torfeh E, Hinault P, Vera P, Thureau S, Gensanne D. Synthetic MRI for Radiotherapy Planning for Brain and Prostate Cancers: Phantom Validation and Patient Evaluation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:841761. [PMID: 35515105 PMCID: PMC9065558 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.841761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of T1 and T2 mappings derived from a multispectral pulse sequence (magnetic resonance image compilation, MAGiC®) on 1.5-T MRI and with conventional sequences [gradient echo with variable flip angle (GRE-VFA) and multi-echo spin echo (ME-SE)] compared to the reference values for the purpose of radiotherapy treatment planning. Methods The accuracy of T1 and T2 measurements was evaluated with 2 coils [head and neck unit (HNU) and BODY coils] on phantoms using descriptive statistics and Bland–Altman analysis. The reproducibility and repeatability of T1 and T2 measurements were performed on 15 sessions with the HNU coil. The T1 and T2 synthetic sequences obtained by both methods were evaluated according to quality assurance (QA) requirements for radiotherapy. T1 and T2in vivo measurements of the brain or prostate tissues of two groups of five subjects were also compared. Results The phantom results showed good agreement (mean bias, 8.4%) between the two measurement methods for T1 values between 490 and 2,385 ms and T2 values between 25 and 400 ms. MAGiC® gave discordant results for T1 values below 220 ms (bias with the reference values, from 38% to 1,620%). T2 measurements were accurately estimated below 400 ms (mean bias, 8.5%) by both methods. The QA assessments are in agreement with the recommendations of imaging for contouring purposes for radiotherapy planning. On patient data of the brain and prostate, the measurements of T1 and T2 by the two quantitative MRI (qMRI) methods were comparable (max difference, <7%). Conclusion This study shows that the accuracy, reproducibility, and repeatability of the multispectral pulse sequence (MAGiC®) were compatible with its use for radiotherapy treatment planning in a range of values corresponding to soft tissues. Even validated for brain imaging, MAGiC® could potentially be used for prostate qMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Gouel
- Quantification en Imagerie Fonctionnelle-Laboratoire d'Informatique, du Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes Equipe d'accueil 4108 (QuantIF-LITIS EA4108), University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,Imaging Department, Henri Becquerel Cancer Center, Rouen, France
| | - Sebastien Hapdey
- Quantification en Imagerie Fonctionnelle-Laboratoire d'Informatique, du Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes Equipe d'accueil 4108 (QuantIF-LITIS EA4108), University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,Imaging Department, Henri Becquerel Cancer Center, Rouen, France
| | - Arthur Dumouchel
- Imaging Department, Henri Becquerel Cancer Center, Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Gardin
- Quantification en Imagerie Fonctionnelle-Laboratoire d'Informatique, du Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes Equipe d'accueil 4108 (QuantIF-LITIS EA4108), University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,Imaging Department, Henri Becquerel Cancer Center, Rouen, France.,Radiotherapy Department, Henri Becquerel Cancer Center, Rouen, France
| | - Eva Torfeh
- Radiotherapy Department, Henri Becquerel Cancer Center, Rouen, France
| | - Pauline Hinault
- Quantification en Imagerie Fonctionnelle-Laboratoire d'Informatique, du Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes Equipe d'accueil 4108 (QuantIF-LITIS EA4108), University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Vera
- Quantification en Imagerie Fonctionnelle-Laboratoire d'Informatique, du Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes Equipe d'accueil 4108 (QuantIF-LITIS EA4108), University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,Imaging Department, Henri Becquerel Cancer Center, Rouen, France
| | - Sebastien Thureau
- Quantification en Imagerie Fonctionnelle-Laboratoire d'Informatique, du Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes Equipe d'accueil 4108 (QuantIF-LITIS EA4108), University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,Imaging Department, Henri Becquerel Cancer Center, Rouen, France.,Radiotherapy Department, Henri Becquerel Cancer Center, Rouen, France
| | - David Gensanne
- Quantification en Imagerie Fonctionnelle-Laboratoire d'Informatique, du Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes Equipe d'accueil 4108 (QuantIF-LITIS EA4108), University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,Imaging Department, Henri Becquerel Cancer Center, Rouen, France.,Radiotherapy Department, Henri Becquerel Cancer Center, Rouen, France
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MR-Guided Adaptive Radiotherapy for OAR Sparing in Head and Neck Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081909. [PMID: 35454816 PMCID: PMC9028510 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Normal tissue toxicities in head and neck cancer persist as a cause of decreased quality of life and are associated with poorer treatment outcomes. The aim of this article is to review organ at risk (OAR) sparing approaches available in MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy and present future developments which hope to improve treatment outcomes. Increasing the spatial conformity of dose distributions in radiotherapy is an important first step in reducing normal tissue toxicities, and MR-guided treatment devices presents a new opportunity to use biological information to drive treatment decisions on a personalized basis. Abstract MR-linac devices offer the potential for advancements in radiotherapy (RT) treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) by using daily MR imaging performed at the time and setup of treatment delivery. This article aims to present a review of current adaptive RT (ART) methods on MR-Linac devices directed towards the sparing of organs at risk (OAR) and a view of future adaptive techniques seeking to improve the therapeutic ratio. This ratio expresses the relationship between the probability of tumor control and the probability of normal tissue damage and is thus an important conceptual metric of success in the sparing of OARs. Increasing spatial conformity of dose distributions to target volume and OARs is an initial step in achieving therapeutic improvements, followed by the use of imaging and clinical biomarkers to inform the clinical decision-making process in an ART paradigm. Pre-clinical and clinical findings support the incorporation of biomarkers into ART protocols and investment into further research to explore imaging biomarkers by taking advantage of the daily MR imaging workflow. A coherent understanding of this road map for RT in HNC is critical for directing future research efforts related to sparing OARs using image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT).
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Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Techniques: Technical Principles and Applications in Nanomedicine. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071626. [PMID: 35406399 PMCID: PMC8997011 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a consolidated imaging tool for the multiparametric assessment of tissues in various pathologies from degenerative and inflammatory diseases to cancer. In recent years, the continuous technological evolution of the equipment has led to the development of sequences that provide not only anatomical but also functional and metabolic information. In addition, there is a growing and emerging field of research in clinical applications using MRI to exploit the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of nanocompounds. This review illustrates the application of the most advanced magnetic resonance techniques in the field of nanomedicine. Abstract In the last decades, nanotechnology has been used in a wide range of biomedical applications, both diagnostic and therapeutic. In this scenario, imaging techniques represent a fundamental tool to obtain information about the properties of nanoconstructs and their interactions with the biological environment in preclinical and clinical settings. This paper reviews the state of the art of the application of magnetic resonance imaging in the field of nanomedicine, as well as the use of nanoparticles as diagnostic and therapeutic tools, especially in cancer, including the characteristics that hinder the use of nanoparticles in clinical practice.
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