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Castañeda-Duque J, Molina Díaz VM. Uso de pralidoxima en la intoxicación con metomilo en pastor collie en Medellín (Colombia). Reporte de caso. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y DE ZOOTECNIA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/rfmvz.v66n2.82436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Se describe el uso de la pralidoxima en el tratamiento de una intoxicación con metomiloen un canino en la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia). Un macho de raza pastor colliesufrió intoxicación accidental con metomilo, presentó cuadro colinérgico, con miosis,sialorrea, delirio, excitación y emesis, fue sometido a descontaminación con carbónactivado y terapia con atropina (0,04 mg/kg IM) cada 30 minutos hasta atropinizar,difenhidramina (2 mg/kg EV) y pralidoxima (10 mg/kg EV) cada 8 horas y pentobarbital(12 mg/kg EV) por 24 horas, además de terapia de sostén. Se realizaron pruebashematológicas, creatinina, alanino aminotrasferasa, tiempo de protrombina y tiempoparcial tromboplastina que resultaron normales para la especie. Después de una terapiade 7 días el paciente presentó mejoría total de los signos nerviosos y se dio de alta encondición normal. El uso de pralidoxima como activador de la acetilcolinesterasa es unaopción en el tratamiento de la intoxicación grave por metomilo en la especie canina quemuestra sensibilidad a los carbamatos.
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Tinson E, Boller E, Davis M. A suspected case of intermediate syndrome in a dog with carbamate toxicosis. Aust Vet J 2017; 95:201-206. [PMID: 28555948 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CASE REPORT A 7-year-old female spayed Labrador Retriever was managed for suspected carbamate toxicosis after confirmed ingestion of a large amount of methiocarb. Therapy included decontamination, supportive care and management for aspiration pneumonia. On the third day of hospitalisation, after an initial clinical improvement, the dog developed respiratory muscle weakness, inspiratory dyspnoea and pronounced cervical muscle weakness. These delayed clinical signs were consistent with the 'intermediate syndrome' described in some cases of organophosphate and carbamate toxicoses in humans and also described in one case of organophosphate toxicosis in the dog. Intermediate syndrome has not been reported in carbamate toxicosis in the dog. CONCLUSION This case report highlights the necessity for veterinarians to monitor for additional complications not commonly considered in acute carbamate toxicoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tinson
- University of Melbourne Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - E Boller
- University of Melbourne Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - M Davis
- University of Melbourne Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
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Basiri K, Mohaghegh MR, Teimouri SS, Okhovat AA. Clinical and electrodiagnostic findings in cyhalothrine poisoning. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:32. [PMID: 27099845 PMCID: PMC4815519 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.178793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute onset bulbar symptoms with respiratory failure and descending paralysis may occur in several neuromuscular disorders including variants of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), diphtheria, botulism and toxins. We present a 51-year-old man who presented with complains of ptosis and dyspnea following pyrethroids spraying in an enclosed area for eradication of flea. Within 5-6 days of admission limb weakness, dysphagia, dysarthria, blurred vision, diplopia, tremor and respiratory distress added to previous symptoms. Temporal profile of events after exposure, development of similar symptoms in patient's son, electrodiagnostic findings and exclusion of other etiologies confirms intoxication etiology. We reviewed the literature and provide an extensive electrodiagnostic overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Basiri
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohaghegh
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Sadat Teimouri
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Okhovat
- Department of Neurology, Kashani Hospital, Shahre-Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahre-Kord, Iran
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Hung DZ, Yang HJ, Li YF, Lin CL, Chang SY, Sung FC, Tai SCW. The Long-Term Effects of Organophosphates Poisoning as a Risk Factor of CVDs: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137632. [PMID: 26339906 PMCID: PMC4560399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphorus pesticides are widely used throughout the world. Because of their ease of availability, organophosphorus compounds are commonly used for self-poisoning in developing countries. The acute effects of exposure to organophosphorus pesticides are well known, but the chronic effects are unclear. Recent studies suggest that abnormalities of the central and peripheral nervous systems persisted for up to 5 years after acute poisoning due to a single large dose of organophosphates (OPs). However, the long-term effects on cardiovascular diseases are poorly understood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS An OPs-exposed cohort (N = 7,561) and an age- and gender-matched control cohort (N = 30,244), both identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database, were compared. We utilized the multivariable Cox proportional model to estimate the risks of developing arrhythmia, coronary artery disease (CAD) and congestive heart failure (CHF). The patients with acute poisoning from OPs had higher incidence rates of arrhythmia (5.89 vs. 3.61 per 1,000 person-years), CAD (9.10 vs. 6.88 per 1,000 person-years), and CHF (3.89 vs. 2.98 per 1,000 person-years) compared with that of the non-OPs poisoning cohort, with a crude subhazard ratio (SHR) of 1.40, 1.13, and 1.12, respectively. Additionally, a significantly higher risk of arrhythmia was observed in the OPs poisoning cohort (adjusted SHR = 1.25) compared with the non-OPs poisoning cohort, particularly in male patients (adjusted SHR = 1.33) and those under 49 years of age (adjusted SHR = 3.16). After accounting for the competing risks of death, there was a higher risk of arrhythmia and CAD during a three year follow-up period (adjusted SHR = 1.50 for arrhythmia; adjusted SHR = 1.10 for CAD). We also found an adjusted SHR of 1.36 associated with developing CHF after 6 years of follow-up for OPs poisoning cohort. CONCLUSIONS Acute OPs poisoning may continuously impact human health through mechanisms that are unclear. Any supportive measurements that could contribute to a reduction in the risk of heart disease may be beneficial in cases of OPs poisoning survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Zong Hung
- Department of Emergency, Toxicology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jan Yang
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Li
- Institute of Biostatistics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Chang
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Fung-Chang Sung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sally C. W. Tai
- Department of Emergency, Toxicology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Fischer A, Wolman M, Granato M, Parsons M, McCallion AS, Proescher J, English E. Carbamate nerve agent prophylatics exhibit distinct toxicological effects in the zebrafish embryo model. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 50:1-10. [PMID: 25968237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pyridostigmine bromide (PB) is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and a prophylactic pre-treatment for organophosphate nerve agent poisoning. Current methods for evaluating nerve agent treatments include enzymatic studies and mammalian models. Rapid whole animal screening tools for assessing the effects of nerve agent pre-treatment and post-exposure drugs represent an underdeveloped area of research. We used zebrafish as a model for acute and chronic developmental exposure to PB and two related carbamate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, neostigmine bromide (NB) and physostigmine (PS). Lethal doses and gross morphological phenotypes resulting from exposure to sub-lethal doses of these compounds were determined. Quantitative analyses of motility impairment and AChE enzyme inhibition were used to determine optimal dosing conditions for evaluation of the effects of carbamate exposures on neuronal development; ~50% impairment of response to startle stimuli and >50% inhibition of AChE activity were observed at 80 mMPB, 20 mM NB and 0.1 mM PS. PB induced stunted somite length, but no other phenotypic effects were observed. In contrast, NB and PS induced more severe phenotypic morphological defects than PB as well as neurite outgrowth mislocalization. Additionally, NB induced mislocalization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, resulting in impaired synapse formation. Taken together, these data suggest that altered patterns of neuronal connectivity contribute to the developmental neurotoxicity of carbamates and demonstrate the utility of the zebrafish model for distinguishing subtle structure-based differential effects of AChE inhibitors, which include nerve agents, pesticides and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Fischer
- Asymmetric Operations Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, United States; McKusick Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Marc Wolman
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Michael Parsons
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Andrew S McCallion
- McKusick Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Jody Proescher
- Asymmetric Operations Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, United States
| | - Emily English
- Research and Exploratory Development Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, United States.
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Vale A, Lotti M. Organophosphorus and carbamate insecticide poisoning. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2015; 131:149-68. [PMID: 26563788 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62627-1.00010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Both organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate insecticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which results in accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) at autonomic and some central synapses and at autonomic postganglionic and neuromuscular junctions. As a consequence, ACh binds to, and stimulates, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, thereby producing characteristic features. With OP insecticides (but not carbamates), "aging" may also occur by partial dealkylation of the serine group at the active site of AChE; recovery of AChE activity requires synthesis of new enzyme in the liver. Relapse after apparent resolution of cholinergic symptoms has been reported with OP insecticides and is termed the intermediate syndrome. This involves the onset of muscle paralysis affecting particularly upper-limb muscles, neck flexors, and cranial nerves some 24-96 hours after OP exposure and is often associated with the development of respiratory failure. OP-induced delayed neuropathy results from phosphorylation and subsequent aging of at least 70% of neuropathy target esterase. Cramping muscle pain in the lower limbs, distal numbness, and paresthesiae are followed by progressive weakness, depression of deep tendon reflexes in the lower limbs and, in severe cases, in the upper limbs. The therapeutic combination of oxime, atropine, and diazepam is well established experimentally in the treatment of OP pesticide poisoning. However, there has been controversy as to whether oximes improve morbidity and mortality in human poisoning. The explanation may be that the solvents in many formulations are primarily responsible for the high morbidity and mortality; oximes would not be expected to reduce toxicity in these circumstances. even if given in appropriate dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allister Vale
- National Poisons Information Service (Birmingham Unit) and West Midlands Poisons Unit, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Honorary Professor, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
| | - Marcello Lotti
- Department of Cardiology, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Pesticides exposure as etiological factors of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases—A mechanistic approach. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:85-103. [PMID: 24503016 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Marrs TC, Maynard RL. Neurotranmission systems as targets for toxicants: a review. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 29:381-96. [PMID: 24036955 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit impulses from one nerve to another or from nerves to effector organs. Numerous neurotransmitters have been described in mammals, amongst them acetylcholine, amino acids, amines, peptides and gases. Toxicants may interact with various parts of neurotransmission systems, including synthetic and degradative enzymes, presynaptic vesicles and the specialized receptors that characterize neurotransmission systems. Important toxicants acting on the cholinergic system include the anticholinesterases (organophosphates and carbamates) and substances that act on receptors such as nicotine and the neonicotinoid insecticides, including imidacloprid. An important substance acting on the glutamatergic system is domoic acid, responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning. 4-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine are inhibitory neurotransmitters and their antagonists, fipronil (an insecticide) and strychnine respectively, are excitatory. Abnormalities of dopamine neurotransmission occur in Parkinson's disease, and a number of substances that interfere with this system produce Parkinsonian symptoms and clinical signs, including notably 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, which is the precursor of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. Fewer substances are known that interfere with adrenergic, histaminergic or seroninergic neurotransmission, but there are some examples. Among peptide neurotransmission systems, agonists of opioids are the only well-known toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Marrs
- Edentox Associates, Pinehurst, Four Elms Road Edenbridge, Kent, TN8 6AQ, UK,
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Thompson C, Sweitzer R, Gabriel M, Purcell K, Barrett R, Poppenga R. Impacts of Rodenticide and Insecticide Toxicants from Marijuana Cultivation Sites on Fisher Survival Rates in the Sierra National Forest, California. Conserv Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Thompson
- USDA Forest Service; Pacific Southwest Research Station; Fresno CA USA
| | - Richard Sweitzer
- University of California at Berkeley; Sierra Nevada Adaptive Management Program; Berkeley CA USA
| | | | - Kathryn Purcell
- USDA Forest Service; Pacific Southwest Research Station; Fresno CA USA
| | - Reginald Barrett
- University of California at Berkeley; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; Berkeley CA USA
| | - Robert Poppenga
- University of California at Davis; School of Veterinary Medicine; Davis CA USA
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Vale A, Bradberry S, Proudfoot A. Clinical Toxicology of Insecticides. MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY OF INSECTICIDES 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849733007-00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Some insects compete for our food, some damage construction materials and some are important disease vectors in humans and animals. Hence, it is not surprising that chemicals (insecticides) have been developed that kill insects and other arthropods. More recently introduced insecticides, such as the neonicotinoids, have been produced with the intent that humans and animals will not be harmed by their appropriate use. This chapter reviews the clinical features and management of exposure to organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate insecticides, neonicotinoids, phosphides and pyrethroids. In the developing world where the ambient temperature is often high and personal protection equipment often not worn, poisoning particularly from OP and carbamate insecticides is common in an occupational setting, though more severe cases are due to deliberate ingestion of these pesticides. Both of these insecticides produce the cholinergic syndrome. The neonicotinoids, a major new class of insecticide, were introduced on the basis that they were highly specific for subtypes of nicotinic receptors that occur only in insect tissues. However, deliberate ingestion of substantial amounts of a neonicotinoid has resulted in features similar to those found in nicotine (and OP and carbamate) poisoning, though the solvent in some formulations may have contributed to their toxicity. Phosphides interact with moisture in air (or with water or acid) to liberate phosphine, which is the active pesticide. Inhalation of phosphine, however, is a much less frequent cause of human poisoning than ingestion of a metal phosphide, though the toxicity by the oral route is also due to phosphine liberated by contact of the phosphide with gut fluids. It is then absorbed through the alimentary mucosa and distributed to tissues where it depresses mitochondrial respiration by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase and other enzymes. Dermal exposure to pyrethroids may result in paraesthesiae, but systemic toxicity usually only occurs after ingestion, when irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and CNS toxicity, predominantly coma and convulsions, result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allister Vale
- National Poisons Information Service (Birmingham Unit) City Hospital, Birmingham UK. *
- West Midlands Poisons Unit City Hospital, Birmingham UK
- School of Biosciences and College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham UK
| | - Sally Bradberry
- National Poisons Information Service (Birmingham Unit) City Hospital, Birmingham UK. *
- West Midlands Poisons Unit City Hospital, Birmingham UK
- School of Biosciences and College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham UK
| | - Alex Proudfoot
- National Poisons Information Service (Birmingham Unit) City Hospital, Birmingham UK. *
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Petrovova E, Sedmera D, Luptakova L, Mazensky D, Danko J. Chick development and high dose of bendiocarb. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:1312-1318. [PMID: 22540656 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.672138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Developmental data of carbamate pesticides are scarce although they generally possess low toxicity for vertebrates. The aim of the study was to investigate the toxicity of bendiocarb to liver and central nervous system of chick embryos. Bendiocarb (1600 μg/egg) was administered to the embryo through membrana papyracea on embryonic day 3 and 10. In the liver and central nervous system we observed no macroscopic or microscopic changes. These organs were also investigated for caspase activity in regard to application of bendiocarb and no differences in the caspase immunopositivity were observed in comparison with the control. The embryolethality after bendiocarb respective dose was high (94 %) on the embryonic day 3, though following results indicated no toxicity to investigated organs and no increase in the number of apoptotic cells in survived chick embryos on both the early (day 3 of incubation) and the later (day 10 of incubation) developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Petrovova
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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Schwarz B, Brunthaler R, Hahn C, van den Hoven R. Outbreaks of equine grass sickness in Hungary. Vet Rec 2011; 170:75. [PMID: 22124026 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Equine grass sickness (EGS) occurs mainly in Great Britain, but has once been reported in Hungary. The stud which was affected by EGS in 2001 had no new cases until 2009/10, when 11 of 60 and five of 12 one- to three-year-old colts died or were euthanased due to EGS. Following a few hours in the high-risk field during the winter of 2010/11 further four cases of acute EGS were noted among these horses. The affected horses showed somewhat different clinical signs compared with the cases reported in Great Britain. Histopathological findings in these horses were consistent with EGS. In most examined cases carbofuran, a carbamate was found in the liver by toxicological examination, and it is postulated that carbofuran may influence the immune system and therefore predispose the horses to develop EGS. Carbamates are thought to cause a delayed neurotoxicity in human beings. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential role of carbamates in EGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schwarz
- Equine Clinic, Section Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz, 1 1210, Wien, Austria.
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Parrón T, Requena M, Hernández AF, Alarcón R. Association between environmental exposure to pesticides and neurodegenerative diseases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 256:379-85. [PMID: 21601587 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary studies have shown associations between chronic pesticide exposure in occupational settings and neurological disorders. However, data on the effects of long-term non-occupational exposures are too sparse to allow any conclusions. This study examines the influence of environmental pesticide exposure on a number of neuropsychiatric conditions and discusses their underlying pathologic mechanisms. An ecological study was conducted using averaged prevalence rates of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebral degeneration, polyneuropathies, affective psychosis and suicide attempts in selected Andalusian health districts categorized into areas of high and low environmental pesticide exposure based on the number of hectares devoted to intensive agriculture and pesticide sales per capita. A total of 17,429 cases were collected from computerized hospital records (minimum dataset) between 1998 and 2005. Prevalence rates and the risk of having Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and suicide were significantly higher in districts with greater pesticide use as compared to those with lower pesticide use. The multivariate analyses showed that the population living in areas with high pesticide use had an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease and suicide attempts and that males living in these areas had increased risks for polyneuropathies, affective disorders and suicide attempts. In conclusion, this study supports and extends previous findings and provides an indication that environmental exposure to pesticides may affect the human health by increasing the incidence of certain neurological disorders at the level of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesifón Parrón
- University of Almería, Department of Neurosciences and Health Sciences, Almería, Spain
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Kahnes M, Görls H, Westerhausen M. Synthesis of Dimeric Methylzinc N,N-Bis(2-pyridylmethyl)carbamate via Addition of CO2 to a Methylzinc Amide. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hu YH, Yang CC, Deng JF, Wu ML. Methomyl–alphamethrin poisoning presented with cholinergic crisis, cortical blindness, and delayed peripheral neuropathy. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010; 48:859-62. [DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2010.522581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Petrovová E, Maženský D, Vdoviaková K, Massanyi P, Luptáková L, Smrčo P. Effect of bendiocarb on development of the chick embryo. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 30:397-401. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lagueny A, Vital A. Neuropatie tossiche. Neurologia 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(08)70521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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