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van der Kemp WJ, Stehouwer BL, Boer VO, Luijten PR, Klomp DW, Wijnen JP. Proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the healthy human breast at 7 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3684. [PMID: 28032377 PMCID: PMC5248643 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In vivo water- and fat-suppressed 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and 31 P magnetic resonance adiabatic multi-echo spectroscopic imaging were performed at 7 T in duplicate in healthy fibroglandular breast tissue of a group of eight volunteers. The transverse relaxation times of 31 P metabolites were determined, and the reproducibility of 1 H and 31 P MRS was investigated. The transverse relaxation times for phosphoethanolamine (PE) and phosphocholine (PC) were fitted bi-exponentially, with an added short T2 component of 20 ms for adenosine monophosphate, resulting in values of 199 ± 8 and 239 ± 14 ms, respectively. The transverse relaxation time for glycerophosphocholine (GPC) was also fitted bi-exponentially, with an added short T2 component of 20 ms for glycerophosphatidylethanolamine, which resonates at a similar frequency, resulting in a value of 177 ± 6 ms. Transverse relaxation times for inorganic phosphate, γ-ATP and glycerophosphatidylcholine mobile phospholipid were fitted mono-exponentially, resulting in values of 180 ± 4, 19 ± 3 and 20 ± 4 ms, respectively. Coefficients of variation for the duplicate determinations of 1 H total choline (tChol) and the 31 P metabolites were calculated for the group of volunteers. The reproducibility of inorganic phosphate, the sum of phosphomonoesters and the sum of phosphodiesters with 31 P MRS imaging was superior to the reproducibility of 1 H MRS for tChol. 1 H and 31 P data were combined to calculate estimates of the absolute concentrations of PC, GPC and PE in healthy fibroglandular tissue, resulting in upper limits of 0.1, 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/kg of tissue, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent O. Boer
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Peter R. Luijten
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Dennis W.J. Klomp
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Jannie P. Wijnen
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
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Kruk J, Doskocz M, Jodłowska E, Zacharzewska A, Łakomiec J, Czaja K, Kujawski J. NMR Techniques in Metabolomic Studies: A Quick Overview on Examples of Utilization. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2017; 48:1-21. [PMID: 28111499 PMCID: PMC5222922 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-016-0846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a rapidly developing branch of science that concentrates on identifying biologically active molecules with potential biomarker properties. To define the best biomarkers for diseases, metabolomics uses both models (in vitro, animals) and human, as well as, various techniques such as mass spectroscopy, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, infrared and UV-VIS spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The last one takes advantage of the magnetic properties of certain nuclei, such as 1H, 13C, 31P, 19F, especially their ability to absorb and emit energy, what is crucial for analyzing samples. Among many spectroscopic NMR techniques not only one-dimensional (1D) techniques are known, but for many years two-dimensional (2D, for example, COSY, DOSY, JRES, HETCORE, HMQS), three-dimensional (3D, DART-MS, HRMAS, HSQC, HMBC) and solid-state NMR have been used. In this paper, authors taking apart fundamental division of nuclear magnetic resonance techniques intend to shown their wide application in metabolomic studies, especially in identifying biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kruk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Str., 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Doskocz
- RootInnovation Sp. z o.o., Jana Matejki 11 Str., 50-333 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jodłowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Str., 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Zacharzewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Str., 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Łakomiec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Str., 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kornelia Czaja
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Str., 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Kujawski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Str., 60-780 Poznan, Poland
- Foundation for Development of Science and Business on Medical and Exact Sciences Area, Legnicka 65 Str., 54-206 Wrocław, Poland
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ZHU C, LIANG QL, WANG YM, LUO GA, Vreeken RJ, Hankmeimer T. Advance in Analysis and Detection Technologies for Phospholipidomics. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60939-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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van der Kemp WJM, Stehouwer BL, Runge JH, Wijnen JP, Nederveen AJ, Luijten PR, Klomp DWJ. Glycerophosphocholine and Glycerophosphoethanolamine Are Not the Main Sources of the In Vivo (31)P MRS Phosphodiester Signals from Healthy Fibroglandular Breast Tissue at 7 T. Front Oncol 2016; 6:29. [PMID: 26913240 PMCID: PMC4753293 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The identification of the phosphodiester (PDE) (31)P MR signals in the healthy human breast at ultra-high field. METHODS In vivo (31)P MRS measurements at 7 T of the PDE signals in the breast were performed investigating the chemical shifts, the transverse- and the longitudinal relaxation times. Chemical shifts and transverse relaxation times were compared with non-ambiguous PDE signals from the liver. RESULTS The chemical shifts of the PDE signals are shifted -0.5 ppm with respect to glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE), and the transverse and longitudinal relaxation times for these signals are a factor 3 to 4 shorter than expected for aqueous GPC and GPE. CONCLUSION The available experimental evidence suggests that GPC and GPE are not the main source of the PDE signals measured in fibroglandular breast tissue at 7 T. These signals may predominantly originate from mobile phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jurgen H Runge
- Radiology, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Jannie P Wijnen
- Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | | | - Peter R Luijten
- Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
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5
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van der Kemp WJM, Wijnen JP, Luijten PR, Klomp DWJ. Saturation-transfer effects and longitudinal relaxation times of (31) P metabolites in fibroglandular breast tissue at 7T. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:402-7. [PMID: 26418725 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate longitudinal relaxation times and saturation-transfer effects of phosphorous metabolites in breast fibroglandular tissue in vivo with (31) P MR spectroscopy at 7T. METHODS Progressive saturation with adiabatic half passage excitation was used to determine T1 values of (31) P metabolites in a group of six healthy volunteers. Saturation-transfer experiments were performed in seven healthy volunteers by saturating at 0 ppm and 10 ppm with sinc-Gaussian pulses (90 ms; 10-ms pulse interval; B1 = 17 μT) prior to excitation. Localization was performed by surface coils and one-dimensional chemical shift imaging. Data were analyzed via spectral fitting with the JMRUI software package, and T1 values were obtained by fitting the data to the signal equation. RESULTS The determined longitudinal relaxation time values at 7T were as follows: phosphoethanolamine, 4.0 ± 0.2 s; phosphocholine, 1.8 ± 0.2 s; inorganic phosphate, 6.1 ± 0.1 s; phosphodiesters, glycerophosphatidylethanolamine plus glycerophosphocholine, 2.1 ± 0.1, and glycerophosphatidylethanolamine, 1.5 ± 0.1s; γ-ATP, 2.1 ± 0.1 s; and α-ATP, 2.0 ± 0.1 s. Saturation-transfer measurements with saturation pulses at 0 ppm showed a significant signal reduction in the phosphodiester 2-3 ppm range, whereas the γ-ATP signal at -2.5 ppm was not affected significantly. CONCLUSION Longitudinal relaxation times of phosphorous metabolites in fibroglandular tissue revealed relatively low T1 values for phosphodiesters. Saturation-transfer measurements showed that the phosphodiester signals were the only signals that were affected significantly, possibly indicating the presence of mobile phospholipids. Magn Reson Med 76:402-407, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jannie P Wijnen
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter R Luijten
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Esteve V, Martínez-Granados B, Martínez-Bisbal MC. Pitfalls to be considered on the metabolomic analysis of biological samples by HR-MAS. Front Chem 2014; 2:33. [PMID: 24910850 PMCID: PMC4038765 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Esteve
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia Valencia, Spain ; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Granados
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia Valencia, Spain ; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Martínez-Bisbal
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia Valencia, Spain ; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Valencia, Spain
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Decelle EA, Cheng LL. High-resolution magic angle spinning 1H MRS in prostate cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:90-99. [PMID: 23529951 PMCID: PMC3797175 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men worldwide, largely as a result of the increased use of the annual serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening test for detection. PSA screening has saved lives, but it has also resulted in the overtreatment of many patients with PCa because of a limited ability to accurately localize and characterize PCa lesions through imaging. High-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) (1)H MRS has proven to be a strong potential clinical tool for PCa diagnosis and prognosis. The HRMAS technique allows valuable metabolic information to be obtained from ex vivo intact tissue samples and also enables the performance of histopathology on the same tissue specimens. Studies have found that the quantification of individual metabolite levels and metabolite ratios, as well as metabolomic profiles, shows strong potential to improve accuracy in PCa detection, diagnosis and monitoring. Ex vivo HRMAS is also a valuable tool for the interpretation of in vivo results, including the localization of tumors, and thus has the potential to improve in vivo diagnostic tests used in the clinic. Here, we primarily review publications of HRMAS (1)H MRS and its use for the study of intact human prostate tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Decelle
- Departments of Pathology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Vettukattil R, Gulati M, Sjøbakk TE, Jakola AS, Kvernmo NAM, Torp SH, Bathen TF, Gulati S, Gribbestad IS. Differentiating diffuse World Health Organization grade II and IV astrocytomas with ex vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neurosurgery 2013; 72:186-95; discussion 195. [PMID: 23147779 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e31827b9c57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis and treatment of astrocytomas, which are primary brain tumors, vary depending on the grade of the tumor, necessitating a precise preoperative classification. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides information about metabolites in tissues and is an emerging noninvasive tool to improve diagnostic accuracy in patients with intracranial neoplasia. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether ex vivo MRS could differentiate World Health Organization grade II (A-II) and IV astrocytomas (glioblastomas; GBM) and to correlate MR spectral profiles with clinical parameters. METHODS Patients with A-II and GBM (n = 58) scheduled for surgical resection were enrolled. Tumor specimens were collected during surgery and stored in liquid nitrogen before being analyzed with high-resolution magic angle spinning MRS. The tumors were histopathologically classified according to World Health Organization criteria as GBM (n = 48) and A-II (n = 10). RESULTS Multivariate analysis of ex vivo proton high-resolution magic angle spinning spectra MRS showed differences in the metabolic profiles of different grades of astrocytomas. A-II had higher levels of glycerophosphocholine and myo-inositol than GBM. The latter had more phosphocholine, glycine, and lipids. We observed a significant metabolic difference between recurrent and nonrecurrent GBM (P < .001). Primary GBM had more phosphocholine than recurrent GBM. A significant correlation (P < .001) between lipid and lactate signals and histologically estimated percentage of necrosis was observed in GBM. Spectral profiles were not correlated with age, survival, or magnetic resonance imaging-defined tumor volume. CONCLUSION Ex vivo MRS can differentiate astrocytomas based on their metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyas Vettukattil
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Esmaeili M, Bathen TF, Engebråten O, Mælandsmo GM, Gribbestad IS, Moestue SA. Quantitative (31)P HR-MAS MR spectroscopy for detection of response to PI3K/mTOR inhibition in breast cancer xenografts. Magn Reson Med 2013; 71:1973-81. [PMID: 23878023 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phospholipid metabolites are of importance in cancer studies, and have been suggested as candidate metabolic biomarkers for response to targeted anticancer drugs. The purpose of this study was to develop a phosphorus ((31) P) high resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy protocol for quantification of phosphorylated metabolites in intact cancer tissue. METHODS (31) P spectra were acquired on a 14.1 T spectrometer with a triplet (1) H/(13) C/(31) P MAS probe. Quantification of metabolites was performed using the PULCON principle. Basal-like and luminal-like breast cancer xenografts were treated with the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235, and the impact of treatment on the concentration of phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine, phosphoethanolamine and glycerophosphoethanolamine was evaluated. RESULTS In basal-like xenografts, BEZ235 treatment induced a significant decrease in phosphoethanolamine (-25.6%, P = 0.01) whilst phosphocholine (16.5%, P = 0.02) and glycerophosphocholine (37.3%, P < 0.001) were significantly increased. The metabolic changes could partially be explained by increased levels of phospholipase A2 group 4A (PLA2G4A). CONCLUSION (31) P high resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a useful method for quantitative assessment of metabolic responses to PI3K inhibition. Using the PULCON principle for quantification, the levels of phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine, phosphoethanolamine, and glycerophosphoethanolamine could be evaluated with high precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Esmaeili
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Esteve V, Celda B, Martínez-Bisbal MC. Use of 1H and 31P HRMAS to evaluate the relationship between quantitative alterations in metabolite concentrations and tissue features in human brain tumour biopsies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2611-25. [PMID: 22552786 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative multinuclear high-resolution magic angle spinning was performed in order to determine the tissue pH values of and the absolute metabolite concentrations in 33 samples of human brain tumour tissue. Metabolite concentrations were quantified by 1D (1)H and (31)P HRMAS using the electronic reference to in vivo concentrations (ERETIC) synthetic signal. (1)H-(1)H homonuclear and (1)H-(31)P heteronuclear correlation experiments enabled the direct assessment of the (1)H-(31)P spin systems for signals that suffered from overlapping in the 1D (1)H spectra, and linked the information present in the 1D (1)H and (31)P spectra. Afterwards, the main histological features were determined, and high heterogeneity in the tumour content, necrotic content and nonaffected tissue content was observed. The metabolite profiles obtained by HRMAS showed characteristics typical of tumour tissues: rather low levels of energetic molecules and increased concentrations of protective metabolites. Nevertheless, these characteristics were more strongly correlated with the total amount of living tissue than with the tumour cell contents of the samples alone, which could indicate that the sampling conditions make a significant contribution aside from the effect of tumour development in vivo. The use of methylene diphosphonic acid as a chemical shift and concentration reference for the (31)P HRMAS spectra of tissues presented important drawbacks due to its interaction with the tissue. Moreover, the pH data obtained from (31)P HRMAS enabled us to establish a correlation between the pH and the distance between the N(CH(3))(3) signals of phosphocholine and choline in (1)H spectra of the tissue in these tumour samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Esteve
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Burjassot, Spain
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McIntyre DJO, Madhu B, Lee SH, Griffiths JR. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cancer metabolism and response to therapy. Radiat Res 2012; 177:398-435. [PMID: 22401303 DOI: 10.1667/rr2903.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows noninvasive in vivo measurements of biochemical information from living systems, ranging from cultured cells through experimental animals to humans. Studies of biopsies or extracts offer deeper insights by detecting more metabolites and resolving metabolites that cannot be distinguished in vivo. The pharmacokinetics of certain drugs, especially fluorinated drugs, can be directly measured in vivo. This review briefly describes these methods and their applications to cancer metabolism, including glycolysis, hypoxia, bioenergetics, tumor pH, and tumor responses to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick J O McIntyre
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
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Mao XA. Improve the selectively refocused INEPT pulse sequence for detecting phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters. Magn Reson Med 2011; 68:332-8. [PMID: 22190173 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In application of the (31)P selectively refocused insensitive nuclei enhanced polarization transfer (srINEPT) technique to the detection of phosphomono- and diesters in tissues, homonuclear couplings between the CH(2)O protons and the NCH(2) protons seriously attenuate the sensitivity. These couplings can be conventionally removed by two soft 180° pulses in the (1)H evolution period which selectively invert the NCH(2) magnetizations. However, the srINEPT pulse sequence can be simplified by replacing the pulse train "soft 180°-hard 180°-soft 180°" with a single soft 180° pulse that selectively inverts the CH(2)O magnetizations. Theoretical analysis in this study demonstrates the correctness of this approach in principle. Validation on a milk phantom allowed us to investigate and discuss advantages and disadvantages of the proposed srINEPT with respect to the original srINEPT. Furthermore, comparison of different selective pulses made it possible to demonstrate that the proposed srINEPT experiment is not sensitive to errors in pulse length, offset, and B(1) field strength of the selective pulse when ReBurp pulse is used for selective refocusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-an Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Glunde K, Jiang L, Moestue SA, Gribbestad IS. MRS and MRSI guidance in molecular medicine: targeting and monitoring of choline and glucose metabolism in cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:673-90. [PMID: 21793073 PMCID: PMC3146026 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
MRS and MRSI are valuable tools for the detection of metabolic changes in tumors. The currently emerging era of molecular medicine, which is shaped by molecularly targeted anticancer therapies combined with molecular imaging of the effects of such therapies, requires powerful imaging technologies that are able to detect molecular information. MRS and MRSI are such technologies that are able to detect metabolites arising from glucose and choline metabolism in noninvasive in vivo settings and at higher resolution in tissue samples. The roles played by MRS and MRSI in the diagnosis of different types of cancer, as well as in the early monitoring of the tumor response to traditional chemotherapies, are reviewed. The emerging roles of MRS and MRSI in the development and detection of novel targeted anticancer therapies that target oncogenic signaling pathways or markers in choline or glucose metabolism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Glunde
- Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Russell H. Morgan, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lu Jiang
- Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Russell H. Morgan, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Siver A. Moestue
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid S. Gribbestad
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Glunde K, Artemov D, Penet MF, Jacobs MA, Bhujwalla ZM. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in metabolic and molecular imaging and diagnosis of cancer. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3043-59. [PMID: 20384323 DOI: 10.1021/cr9004007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Glunde
- JHU ICMIC Program, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Santos CF, Kurhanewicz J, Tabatabai ZL, Simko JP, Keshari KR, Gbegnon A, Santos RD, Federman S, Shinohara K, Carroll PR, Haqq CM, Swanson MG. Metabolic, pathologic, and genetic analysis of prostate tissues: quantitative evaluation of histopathologic and mRNA integrity after HR-MAS spectroscopy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2010; 23:391-8. [PMID: 20033906 PMCID: PMC2891902 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The impact of high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) spectroscopy on the histopathologic and mRNA integrity of human prostate tissues was evaluated. Forty prostate tissues were harvested at transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy (n = 20) or radical prostatectomy surgery (n = 20), snap-frozen on dry ice, and stored at -80°C until use. Twenty-one samples (n = 11 biopsy, n = 10 surgical) underwent HR-MAS spectroscopy prior to histopathologic and cDNA microarray analysis, while 19 control samples (n = 9 biopsy, n = 10 surgical) underwent only histopathologic and microarray analysis. Frozen tissues were sectioned at 14-µm intervals and placed on individual histopathology slides. Every 8th slide was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and used to target areas of predominantly epithelial tissue on the remaining slides for mRNA integrity and cDNA microarray analysis. Histopathologic integrity was graded from 1 (best) to 5 (worst) by two 'blinded' pathologists. Histopathologic integrity scores were not significantly different for post-surgical tissues (HR-MAS vs controls); however, one pathologist's scores were significantly lower for biopsy tissues following HR-MAS while the other pathologist's scores were not. mRNA integrity assays were performed using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer and the electrophoretic traces were scored with an RNA integrity number (RIN) from 1 (degraded) to 10 (intact). RIN scores were not significantly different for surgical tissues, but were significantly lower for biopsy tissues following HR-MAS spectroscopy. The isolated mRNA then underwent two rounds of amplification, conversion to cDNA, coupling to Cy3 and Cy5 dyes, microarray hybridization, imaging, and analysis. Significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) identified no significantly over- or under-expressed genes, including 14 housekeeping genes, between HR-MAS and control samples of surgical and biopsy tissues (5% false discovery rate). This study demonstrates that histopathologic and genetic microarray analysis can be successfully performed on prostate surgical and biopsy tissues following HR-MAS analysis; however, biopsy tissues are more fragile than surgical tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa F. Santos
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Correspondence to: J. Kurhanewicz, Professor of Radiology, Urology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, Byers Hall, Box 2520, 1700 4th Street, Room 203E, San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, USA.
| | - Z. Laura Tabatabai
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffry P. Simko
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kayvan R. Keshari
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Akpene Gbegnon
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Scot Federman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katsuto Shinohara
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter R. Carroll
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher M. Haqq
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cougar Biotechnology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark G. Swanson
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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De Silva SS, Payne GS, Thomas V, Carter PG, Ind TEJ, deSouza NM. Investigation of metabolite changes in the transition from pre-invasive to invasive cervical cancer measured using (1)H and (31)P magic angle spinning MRS of intact tissue. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2009; 22:191-198. [PMID: 18833545 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the metabolic changes in the transition from pre-invasive to invasive cervical cancer using high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) MRS. Biopsy specimens were obtained from women with histologically normal cervix (n = 5), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN; mild, n = 5; moderate/severe, n = 40), and invasive cancer (n = 23). (1)H HR-MAS MRS data were acquired using a Bruker Avance 11.74 T spectrometer (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence; TR = 4.8 s; TE = 135 ms; 512 scans; 41 min acquisition). (31)P HR-MAS spectra were obtained from the normal subjects and cancer patients only (as acetic acid applied before tissue sampling in patients with CIN impaired spectral quality) using a (1)H-decoupled pulse-acquire sequence (TR = 2.82 s; 2048 scans; 96 min acquisition). Peak assignments were based on values reported in the literature. Peak areas were measured using the AMARES algorithm. Estimated metabolite concentrations were compared between patient diagnostic categories and tissue histology using independent samples t tests. Comparisons based on patient category at diagnosis showed significantly higher estimated concentrations of choline (P = 0.0001) and phosphocholine (P = 0.002) in tissue from patients with cancer than from patients with high-grade dyskaryosis, but no differences between non-cancer groups. Division by histology of the sample also showed increases in choline (P = 0.002) and phosphocholine (P = 0.002) in cancer compared with high-grade CIN tissue. Phosphoethanolamine was increased in cancer compared with normal tissue (P = 0.0001). Estimated concentrations of alanine (P = 0.01) and creatine (P = 0.008) were significantly reduced in normal tissue from cancer patients compared with normal tissue from non-cancer patients. The estimated concentration of choline was significantly increased in CIN tissue from cancer patients compared with CIN tissue from non-cancer patients (P = 0.0001). Estimated concentrations of choline-containing metabolites increased from pre-invasive to invasive cervical cancer. Concurrent metabolite depletion occurs in normal tissue adjacent to cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali S De Silva
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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Swanson MG, Keshari KR, Tabatabai ZL, Simko JP, Shinohara K, Carroll PR, Zektzer AS, Kurhanewicz J. Quantification of choline- and ethanolamine-containing metabolites in human prostate tissues using 1H HR-MAS total correlation spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2008; 60:33-40. [PMID: 18581409 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A fast and quantitative 2D high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY) experiment was developed to resolve and quantify the choline- and ethanolamine-containing metabolites in human prostate tissues in approximately 1 hr prior to pathologic analysis. At a 40-ms mixing time, magnetization transfer efficiency constants were empirically determined in solution and used to calculate metabolite concentrations in tissue. Phosphocholine (PC) was observed in 11/15 (73%) cancer tissues but only 6/32 (19%) benign tissues. PC was significantly higher (0.39 +/- 0.40 mmol/kg vs. 0.02 +/- 0.07 mmol/kg, z = 3.5), while ethanolamine (Eth) was significantly lower in cancer versus benign prostate tissues (1.0 +/- 0.8 mmol/kg vs. 2.3 +/- 1.9 mmol/kg, z = 3.3). Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) (0.57 +/- 0.87 mmol/kg vs. 0.29 +/- 0.26 mmol/kg, z = 1.2), phosphoethanolamine (PE) (4.4 +/- 2.2 mmol/kg vs. 3.4 +/- 2.6 mmol/kg, z = 1.4), and glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) (0.54 +/- 0.82 mmol/kg vs. 0.15 +/- 0.15 mmol/kg, z = 1.8) were higher in cancer versus benign prostate tissues. The ratios of PC/GPC (3.5 +/- 4.5 vs. 0.32 +/- 1.4, z = 2.6), PC/PE (0.08 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.01 +/- 0.03, z = 3.5), PE/Eth (16 +/- 22 vs. 2.2 +/- 2.0, z = 2.4), and GPE/Eth (0.41 +/- 0.51 vs. 0.06 +/- 0.06, z = 2.6) were also significantly higher in cancer versus benign tissues. All samples were pathologically interpretable following HR-MAS analysis; however, degradation experiments showed that PC, GPC, PE, and GPE decreased 7.7 +/- 2.2%, while Cho+mI and Eth increased 18% in 1 hr at 1 degrees C and a 2250 Hz spin rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Swanson
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Coen M, Holmes E, Lindon JC, Nicholson JK. NMR-based metabolic profiling and metabonomic approaches to problems in molecular toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:9-27. [PMID: 18171018 DOI: 10.1021/tx700335d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have reviewed the main contributions to the development of NMR-based metabonomic and metabolic profiling approaches for toxicological assessment, biomarker discovery, and studies on toxic mechanisms. The metabonomic approach, (defined as the quantitative measurement of the multiparametric metabolic response of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification) was originally developed to assist interpretation in NMR-based toxicological studies. However, in recent years there has been extensive fusion with metabolomic and other metabolic profiling approaches developed in plant biology, and there is much wider coverage of the biomedical and environmental fields. Specifically, metabonomics involves the use of spectroscopic techniques with statistical and mathematical tools to elucidate dominant patterns and trends directly correlated with time-related metabolic fluctuations within spectral data sets usually derived from biofluids or tissue samples. Temporal multivariate metabolic signatures can be used to discover biomarkers of toxic effect, as general toxicity screening aids, or to provide novel mechanistic information. This approach is complementary to proteomics and genomics and is applicable to a wide range of problems, including disease diagnosis, evaluation of xenobiotic toxicity, functional genomics, and nutritional studies. The use of biological fluids as a source of whole organism metabolic information enhances the use of this approach in minimally invasive longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muireann Coen
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anesthetics Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Coen M, Hong YS, Cloarec O, Rhode CM, Reily MD, Robertson DG, Holmes E, Lindon JC, Nicholson JK. Heteronuclear 1H-31P statistical total correlation NMR spectroscopy of intact liver for metabolic biomarker assignment: application to galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity. Anal Chem 2007; 79:8956-66. [PMID: 17973499 DOI: 10.1021/ac0713961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As part of our ongoing development of methods for enhanced biomarker information recovery from spectroscopic data we present the first example of a new hetero-nuclear statistical total correlation spectroscopy (HET-STOCSY) approach applied to intact tissue samples collected as part of a toxicological study. One-dimensional 1H and 31P-{1H} magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra of intact liver samples after galactosamine (galN) treatment to rats and after cotreatment of galN plus uridine were collected at 275 K. Individual samples were also followed by 1H and 31P-{1H} MAS NMR through time generating time dependent modulations in metabolite signatures relating to toxicity. High-resolution 1H NMR spectra of urine and plasma and clinical chemical data were also collected to establish a biological framework in which to place these novel statistical heterospectroscopic data. In HET-STOCSY, calculation of the covariance between the 31P-{1H} and 1H NMR signals of phosphorus containing metabolites allows their molecular connectivities to be established and the construction of virtual two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation spectra that connect all protons on the molecule to the heteroatom. We show how HET-STOCSY applied to MAS NMR spectra of liver samples can be used to augment biomarker detection. This approach is generic and can be applied to correlate the covarying signals for any spin-active nuclei where there is parallel or serial collection of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muireann Coen
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, SORA Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
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