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Schmidt P, Lindemeyer J, Raut P, Schütz M, Saniternik S, Jönsson J, Endepols H, Fischer T, Quaas A, Schlößer HA, Thelen M, Grüll H. Multiparametric Characterization of the DSL-6A/C1 Pancreatic Cancer Model in Rats. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1535. [PMID: 38672617 PMCID: PMC11049193 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The DSL-6A/C1 murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor model was established in Lewis rats and characterized through a comprehensive multiparametric analysis to compare it to other preclinical tumor models and explore potential diagnostic and therapeutical targets. DSL-6A/C1 tumors were histologically analyzed to elucidate PDAC features. The tumor microenvironment was studied for immune cell prevalence. Multiparametric MRI and PET imaging were utilized to characterize tumors, and 68Ga-FAPI-46-targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), were used to validate the histological findings. The histology confirmed typical PDAC characteristics, such as malformed pancreatic ductal malignant cells and CAFs. Distinct immune landscapes were identified, revealing an increased presence of CD8+ T cells and a decreased CD4+ T cell fraction within the tumor microenvironment. PET imaging with 68Ga-FAPI tracers exhibited strong tracer uptake in tumor tissues. The MRI parameters indicated increasing intralesional necrosis over time and elevated contrast media uptake in vital tumor areas. We have demonstrated that the DSL-6A/C1 tumor model, particularly due to its high tumorigenicity, tumor size, and 68Ga-FAPI-46 sensitivity, is a suitable alternative to established small animal models for many forms of preclinical analyses and therapeutic studies of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schmidt
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.S.); (J.L.); (P.R.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Johannes Lindemeyer
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.S.); (J.L.); (P.R.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Pranali Raut
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.S.); (J.L.); (P.R.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Markus Schütz
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.S.); (J.L.); (P.R.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (J.J.)
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Saniternik
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.S.); (J.L.); (P.R.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (J.J.)
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jannika Jönsson
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.S.); (J.L.); (P.R.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Heike Endepols
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Hans Anton Schlößer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (H.A.S.); (M.T.)
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Thelen
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (H.A.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Holger Grüll
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.S.); (J.L.); (P.R.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (J.J.)
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Impact of Blood-Brain Barrier to Delivering a Vascular-Disrupting Agent: Predictive Role of Multiparametric MRI in Rodent Craniofacial Metastasis Models. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235826. [PMID: 36497308 PMCID: PMC9740057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular-disrupting agents (VDAs) have shown a preliminary anti-cancer effect in extracranial tumors; however, the therapeutic potential of VDAs in intracranial metastatic lesions remains unclear. Simultaneous intracranial and extracranial tumors were induced by the implantation of rhabdomyosarcoma in 15 WAG/Rij rats. Pre-treatment characterizations were performed at a 3.0 T clinical magnet including a T2 relaxation map, T1 relaxation map, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). Shortly afterward, a VDA was intravenously given and MRI scans at 1 h, 8 h, and 24 h after treatment were performed. In vivo findings were further confirmed by postmortem angiography and histopathology staining with H&E, Ki67, and CD31. Before VDA treatment, better perfusion (AUC30: 0.067 vs. 0.058, p < 0.05) and AUC300 value (0.193 vs. 0.063, p < 0.001) were observed in extracranial lesions, compared with intracranial lesions. After VDA treatment, more significant and persistent perfusion deficiency measured by PWI (AUC30: 0.067 vs. 0.008, p < 0.0001) and a T1 map (T1 ratio: 0.429 vs. 0.587, p < 0.05) were observed in extracranial tumors, in contrast to the intracranial tumor (AUC30: 0.058 vs. 0.049, p > 0.05, T1 ratio: 0.497 vs. 0.625, p < 0.05). Additionally, significant changes in the T2 value and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value were observed in extracranial lesions, instead of intracranial lesions. Postmortem angiography and pathology showed a significantly larger H&E-stained area of necrosis (86.2% vs. 18.3%, p < 0.0001), lower CD31 level (42.7% vs. 54.3%, p < 0.05), and lower Ki67 level (12.2% vs. 32.3%, p < 0.01) in extracranial tumors, compared with intracranial lesions. The BBB functioned as a barrier against the delivery of VDA into intracranial tumors and multiparametric MRI may predict the efficacy of VDAs on craniofacial tumors.
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Gerwing M, Hoffmann E, Kronenberg K, Hansen U, Masthoff M, Helfen A, Geyer C, Wachsmuth L, Höltke C, Maus B, Hoerr V, Krähling T, Hiddeßen L, Heindel W, Karst U, Kimm MA, Schinner R, Eisenblätter M, Faber C, Wildgruber M. Multiparametric MRI enables for differentiation of different degrees of malignancy in two murine models of breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1000036. [PMID: 36408159 PMCID: PMC9667047 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to non-invasively differentiate the degree of malignancy in two murine breast cancer models based on identification of distinct tissue characteristics in a metastatic and non-metastatic tumor model using a multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) approach. Methods The highly metastatic 4T1 breast cancer model was compared to the non-metastatic 67NR model. Imaging was conducted on a 9.4 T small animal MRI. The protocol was used to characterize tumors regarding their structural composition, including heterogeneity, intratumoral edema and hemorrhage, as well as endothelial permeability using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T1/T2 mapping and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging. Mice were assessed on either day three, six or nine, with an i.v. injection of the albumin-binding contrast agent gadofosveset. Ex vivo validation of the results was performed with laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), histology, immunhistochemistry and electron microscopy. Results Significant differences in tumor composition were observed over time and between 4T1 and 67NR tumors. 4T1 tumors showed distorted blood vessels with a thin endothelial layer, resulting in a slower increase in signal intensity after injection of the contrast agent. Higher permeability was further reflected in higher Ktrans values, with consecutive retention of gadolinium in the tumor interstitium visible in MRI. 67NR tumors exhibited blood vessels with a thicker and more intact endothelial layer, resulting in higher peak enhancement, as well as higher maximum slope and area under the curve, but also a visible wash-out of the contrast agent and thus lower Ktrans values. A decreasing accumulation of gadolinium during tumor progression was also visible in both models in LA-ICP-MS. Tissue composition of 4T1 tumors was more heterogeneous, with intratumoral hemorrhage and necrosis and corresponding higher T1 and T2 relaxation times, while 67NR tumors mainly consisted of densely packed tumor cells. Histogram analysis of ADC showed higher values of mean ADC, histogram kurtosis, range and the 90th percentile (p90), as markers for the heterogenous structural composition of 4T1 tumors. Principal component analysis (PCA) discriminated well between the two tumor models. Conclusions Multiparametric MRI as presented in this study enables for the estimation of malignant potential in the two studied tumor models via the assessment of certain tumor features over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Gerwing
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Research Imaging Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mirjam Gerwing,
| | - Emily Hoffmann
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Research Imaging Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Kronenberg
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Max Masthoff
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Research Imaging Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne Helfen
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Research Imaging Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christiane Geyer
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Research Imaging Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lydia Wachsmuth
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Research Imaging Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carsten Höltke
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Research Imaging Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Maus
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Research Imaging Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Hoerr
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Research Imaging Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Heart Center Bonn, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Krähling
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Research Imaging Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Hiddeßen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Research Imaging Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie A. Kimm
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Schinner
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michel Eisenblätter
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Research Imaging Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Research Imaging Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Research Imaging Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Wang S, Chen L, Feng Y, Yin T, Yu J, De Keyzer F, Peeters R, Van Ongeval C, Bormans G, Swinnen J, Soete J, Wevers M, Li Y, Ni Y. Development and characterization of a rat brain metastatic tumor model by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and histomorphology. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:479-493. [PMID: 35218457 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate the development of new brain metastasis (BM) treatment, an easy-to-use and clinically relevant animal model with imaging platform is needed. Rhabdomyosarcoma BM was induced in WAG/Rij rats. Post-implantation surveillance and characterizations were systematically performed with multiparametric MRI including 3D T1 and T2 weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), T1 and T2 mapping, and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), which were validated by postmortem digital radiography (DR), µCT angiography and histopathology. The translational potential was exemplified by the application of a vascular disrupting agent (VDA). BM was successfully induced in most rats of both genders (18/20). Multiparametric MRI revealed significantly higher T2 value, pre-contrast-enhanced (preCE) T1 value, DWI-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and CE ratio, but a lower post-contrast-enhanced (postCE) T1 value in BM lesions than in adjacent brain (p < 0.01). PWI showed the dynamic and higher contrast agent uptake in the BM compared with the adjacent brain. DR, µCT and histopathology characterized the BM as hypervascular tumors. After VDA treatment, the BM showed drug-related perfusion changes and partial necrosis as evidenced by anatomical, functional MRI parameters and postmortem findings. The present BM model and imaging modalities represent a feasible and translational platform for developing BM-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuncong Wang
- KU Leuven, Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lei Chen
- KU Leuven, Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yuanbo Feng
- KU Leuven, Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ting Yin
- KU Leuven, Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,MR Collaborations, Siemens Healthineers Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yu
- KU Leuven, Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik De Keyzer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronald Peeters
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Van Ongeval
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- KU Leuven, Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Swinnen
- KU Leuven, Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Soete
- KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Wevers
- KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yue Li
- KU Leuven, Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| | - Yicheng Ni
- KU Leuven, Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Non-Invasive Monitoring of Increased Fibrotic Tissue and Hyaluronan Deposition in the Tumor Microenvironment in the Advanced Stages of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040999. [PMID: 35205746 PMCID: PMC8870395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease with a poor prognosis. A better understanding of the tumor microenvironment may help better treat the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging may be a great tool for monitoring the tumor microenvironment at different stages of tumor evolution. Here, we used multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging techniques to monitor underlying pathophysiologic processes during the advanced stages of tumor development and correlated with histologic measurements. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas are characterized by a complex and robust tumor microenvironment (TME) consisting of fibrotic tissue, excessive levels of hyaluronan (HA), and immune cells. We utilized quantitative multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) methods at 14 Tesla in a genetically engineered KPC (KrasLSL-G12D/+, Trp53LSL-R172H/+, Cre) mouse model to assess the complex TME in advanced stages of tumor development. The whole tumor, excluding cystic areas, was selected as the region of interest for data analysis and subsequent statistical analysis. Pearson correlation was used for statistical inference. There was a significant correlation between tumor volume and T2 (r = −0.66), magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) (r = 0.60), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) (r = 0.48), and Glycosaminoglycan-chemical exchange saturation transfer (GagCEST) (r = 0.51). A subset of mice was randomly selected for histological analysis. There were positive correlations between tumor volume and fibrosis (0.92), and HA (r = 0.76); GagCEST and HA (r = 0.81); and MTR and CD31 (r = 0.48). We found a negative correlation between ADC low-b (perfusion) and Ki67 (r = −0.82). Strong correlations between mp-MRI and histology results suggest that mp-MRI can be used as a non-invasive tool to monitor the tumor microenvironment.
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Martinho RP, Bao Q, Markovic S, Preise D, Sasson K, Agemy L, Scherz A, Frydman L. Identification of variable stages in murine pancreatic tumors by a multiparametric approach employing hyperpolarized 13 C MRSI, 1 H diffusivity and 1 H T 1 MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4446. [PMID: 33219722 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the usefulness of multiple quantitative MRI approaches to detect pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in two murine models, PAN-02 and KPC. Methods assayed included 1 H T1 and T2 measurements, quantitative diffusivity mapping, magnetization transfer (MT) 1 H MRI throughout the abdomen and hyperpolarized 13 C spectroscopic imaging. The progress of the disease was followed as a function of its development; studies were also conducted for wildtype control mice and for mice with induced mild acute pancreatitis. Customized methods developed for scanning the motion- and artifact-prone mice abdomens allowed us to obtain quality 1 H images for these targeted regions. Contrasts between tumors and surrounding tissues, however, were significantly different. Anatomical images, T2 maps and MT did not yield significant contrast unless tumors were large. By contrast, tumors showed statistically lower diffusivities than their surroundings (≈8.3 ± 0.4 x 10-4 for PAN-02 and ≈10.2 ± 0.6 x 10-4 for KPC vs 13 ± 1 x 10-3 mm2 s-1 for surroundings), longer T1 relaxation times (≈1.44 ± 0.05 for PAN-02 and ≈1.45 ± 0.05 for KPC vs 0.95 ± 0.10 seconds for surroundings) and significantly higher lactate/pyruvate ratios by hyperpolarized 13 C MR (0.53 ± 0.2 for PAN-02 and 0.78 ± 0.2 for KPC vs 0.11 ± 0.04 for control and 0.31 ± 0.04 for pancreatitis-bearing mice). Although the latter could also distinguish early-stage tumors from healthy animal controls, their response was similar to that in our pancreatitis model. Still, this ambiguity could be lifted using the 1 H-based reporters. If confirmed for other kinds of pancreatic tumors this means that these approaches, combined, can provide a route to an early detection of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo P Martinho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Qingjia Bao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stefan Markovic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dina Preise
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keren Sasson
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lilach Agemy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avigdor Scherz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lucio Frydman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Wang L, Gaddam S, Wang N, Xie Y, Deng Z, Zhou Z, Fan Z, Jiang T, Christodoulou AG, Han F, Lo SK, Wachsman AM, Hendifar AE, Pandol SJ, Li D. Multiparametric Mapping Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pancreatic Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:8. [PMID: 32153416 PMCID: PMC7047169 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pancreatic disease is qualitative in nature. Quantitative imaging offers several advantages, including increased reproducibility and sensitivity to detect mild or diffuse disease. The role of multiparametric mapping MRI in characterizing various tissue types in pancreatic disease such as chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has rarely been evaluated. Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of multiparametric mapping [T1, T2, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)] in defining tissue characteristics that occur in CP and PDAC to improve disease diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Pancreatic MRI was performed in 17 patients with PDAC undergoing therapy, 7 patients with CP, and 29 healthy volunteers with no pancreatic disease. T1 modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery (T1 MOLLI), T2-prepared gradient-echo, and multi-slice single-shot echo-planar diffusion weighted imaging (SS-EPI DWI) sequences were used for data acquisition. Regions of interest (ROIs) of pancreas in PDAC, CP, and control subjects were outlined by an experienced radiologist. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the difference between groups and regions of the pancreas, and Tukey tests were used for multiple comparison testing within groups. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed, and the areas under the curves (AUCs) were calculated using single parameter and combined parameters, respectively. Results T1, T2, and ADC values of the entire pancreas among PDAC, CP, and control subjects; and between upstream and downstream portions of the pancreas in PDAC patients were all significantly different (p < 0.05). The AUC values were 0.90 for T1, 0.55 for T2, and 0.71 for ADC for independent prediction of PDAC. By combining T1, T2, and ADC, the AUC value was 0.94 (sensitivity 91.54%, specificity 85.81%, 95% CI: 0.92–0.96), which yielded higher accuracy than any one parameter only (p < 0.001). Conclusion Multiparametric mapping MRI is feasible for the evaluation of the differences between PDAC, CP, and normal pancreas tissues. The combination of multiple parameters of T1, T2, and ADC provides a higher accuracy than any single parameter alone in tissue characterization of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Srinivas Gaddam
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Cedars-Sinai Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yibin Xie
- Cedars-Sinai Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zixin Deng
- Cedars-Sinai Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhengwei Zhou
- Cedars-Sinai Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Cedars-Sinai Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Fei Han
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Simon K Lo
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ashley M Wachsman
- Cedars-Sinai Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Eugene Hendifar
- Department of Gastrointestinal Malignancies, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Debiao Li
- Cedars-Sinai Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Anderson CE, Johansen M, Erokwu BO, Hu H, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Kavran M, Vincent J, Drumm ML, Griswold MA, Steinmetz NF, Li M, Clark H, Darrah RJ, Yu X, Brady-Kalnay SM, Flask CA. Dynamic, Simultaneous Concentration Mapping of Multiple MRI Contrast Agents with Dual Contrast - Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19888. [PMID: 31882792 PMCID: PMC6934650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronous assessment of multiple MRI contrast agents in a single scanning session would provide a new "multi-color" imaging capability similar to fluorescence imaging but with high spatiotemporal resolution and unlimited imaging depth. This multi-agent MRI technology would enable a whole new class of basic science and clinical MRI experiments that simultaneously explore multiple physiologic/molecular events in vivo. Unfortunately, conventional MRI acquisition techniques are only capable of detecting and quantifying one paramagnetic MRI contrast agent at a time. Herein, the Dual Contrast - Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (DC-MRF) methodology was extended for in vivo application and evaluated by simultaneously and dynamically mapping the intra-tumoral concentration of two MRI contrast agents (Gd-BOPTA and Dy-DOTA-azide) in a mouse glioma model. Co-registered gadolinium and dysprosium concentration maps were generated with sub-millimeter spatial resolution and acquired dynamically with just over 2-minute temporal resolution. Mean tumor Gd and Dy concentration measurements from both single agent and dual agent DC-MRF studies demonstrated significant correlations with ex vivo mass spectrometry elemental analyses. This initial in vivo study demonstrates the potential for DC-MRF to provide a useful dual-agent MRI platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Anderson
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mette Johansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bernadette O Erokwu
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - He Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuning Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael Kavran
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jason Vincent
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mitchell L Drumm
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark A Griswold
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Heather Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Systems Bioanalysis and Chemical Imaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Darrah
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Francis Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susann M Brady-Kalnay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chris A Flask
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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9
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Vohra R, Park J, Wang YN, Gravelle K, Whang S, Hwang JH, Lee D. Evaluation of pancreatic tumor development in KPC mice using multi-parametric MRI. Cancer Imaging 2018; 18:41. [PMID: 30409175 PMCID: PMC6225661 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-018-0172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a fatal disease with very poor prognosis. Development of sensitive and noninvasive methods to monitor tumor progression in PDA is a critical and unmet need. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can noninvasively provide information regarding underlying pathophysiological processes such as necrosis, inflammatory changes and fibrotic tissue deposition. Methods A genetically engineered KPC mouse model that recapitulates human PDA was used to characterize disease progression. MR measures of T1 and T2 relaxation times, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), diffusion and chemical exchange saturation transfer were compared in two separate phases i.e. slow and rapid growth phase of tumor. Fibrotic tissue accumulation was assessed histologically using Masson’s trichrome staining. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was computed to assess the relationship between the fibrotic tissue accumulation and different MR parameters. Results There was a negative correlation between amide proton transfer signal intensity and tumor volume (r = − 0.63, p = 0.003) in the slow growth phase of the tumor development. In the terminal stage of rapid growth phase of the tumor development MTR was strongly correlated with tumor volume (r = 0.62, p = 0.008). Finally, MTR was significantly correlated with % fibrosis (r = 0.87; p < 0.01), followed by moderate correlation between tumor volume (r = 0.42); T1 (r = − 0.61), T2 (r = − 0.61) and accumulation of fibrotic tissue. Conclusions Here we demonstrated, using multi-parametric MRI (mp-MRI), that MRI parameters changed with tumor progression in a mouse model of PDA. Use of mp-MRI may have the potential to monitor the dynamic changes of tumor microenvironment with increase in tumor size in the transgenic KPC mouse model of pancreatic tumor. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40644-018-0172-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Vohra
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Joshua Park
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Yak-Nam Wang
- Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Kayla Gravelle
- Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Stella Whang
- Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Joo-Ha Hwang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Donghoon Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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10
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Yin T, Liu Y, Peeters R, Feng Y, Ni Y. Pancreatic imaging: Current status of clinical practices and small animal studies. World J Methodol 2017; 7:101-107. [PMID: 29026690 PMCID: PMC5618143 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v7.i3.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different causative factors acting on the pancreas can result in diseases such as pancreatitis, diabetes and pancreatic tumors. The high incidence and mortality of pancreatic diseases have placed diagnostic imaging in a crucial position in daily clinical practice. In this mini-review article different pancreatic imaging techniques are discussed, from the standard clinical imaging modalities and state of the art clinical magnetic resonance imaging techniques to current situations in pre-clinical pancreatic imaging studies. In particular, the challenges of pre-clinical rodent pancreatic imaging are addressed, with both the image acquisition techniques and the post-processing methods for rodent pancreatic imaging elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yin
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yewei Liu
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronald Peeters
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yuanbo Feng
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Vascular disrupting agent in pancreatic and hepatic tumour allografts: observations of location-dependent efficacy by MRI, microangiography and histomorphology. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1529-1536. [PMID: 28910821 PMCID: PMC5680470 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumours growing in organs of different vascular environment could exhibit diverse responses to vascular disrupting agent (VDA). This study was aimed to identify in vivo imaging biomarkers for evaluation of pancreatic and hepatic tumours and comparison of their responses to a VDA Combretastatin A4 Phosphate (CA4P) using multiparametric MRI. METHODS Male WAG/Rij rats were used for orthotopic pancreatic head tumour and hepatic tumour implantation; tumour growth was monitored by 3D isotropic MRI using a 3.0-T clinic scanner. Therapeutic intervention using CA4P was investigated by in vivo quantitative MRI measurements including T2/T1 relaxation mapping, diffusion kurtosis imaging and dynamic contrast-enhancement (DCE) imaging. Animals were scarified 10 h after CA4P treatment for ex vivo validation using microangiography and histomorphology. RESULTS State-of-the-art clinical MRI protocols were successfully adapted for imaging small animal tumour with high reliability. One hour after CA4P injection, marked vascular shutdown was detected with DCE MRI in both pancreatic and hepatic tumours. However, 10 h later, therapeutic necrosis was limited in pancreatic tumours compared with that in hepatic tumours (P<0.01). Heterogeneous therapeutic changes were depicted in tumour lesions using pixel-wise Tofts model, which was generated from dynamic T1 mapping. In addition, tumour responses including haemorrhage, oedema and necrosis were detected using quantitative T2/T1 relaxation maps and diffusion kurtosis images, and were validated using histomorphology. CONCLUSIONS Using multiparametric imaging biomarkers, hepatic tumours were found to be significantly more responsive to CA4P than pancreatic tumours, which could be of reference for designing future clinical trials on this agent.
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12
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Anderson CE, Wang CY, Gu Y, Darrah R, Griswold MA, Yu X, Flask CA. Regularly incremented phase encoding - MR fingerprinting (RIPE-MRF) for enhanced motion artifact suppression in preclinical cartesian MR fingerprinting. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:2176-2182. [PMID: 28796368 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The regularly incremented phase encoding-magnetic resonance fingerprinting (RIPE-MRF) method is introduced to limit the sensitivity of preclinical MRF assessments to pulsatile and respiratory motion artifacts. METHODS As compared to previously reported standard Cartesian-MRF methods (SC-MRF), the proposed RIPE-MRF method uses a modified Cartesian trajectory that varies the acquired phase-encoding line within each dynamic MRF dataset. Phantoms and mice were scanned without gating or triggering on a 7T preclinical MRI scanner using the RIPE-MRF and SC-MRF methods. In vitro phantom longitudinal relaxation time (T1 ) and transverse relaxation time (T2 ) measurements, as well as in vivo liver assessments of artifact-to-noise ratio (ANR) and MRF-based T1 and T2 mean and standard deviation, were compared between the two methods (n = 5). RESULTS RIPE-MRF showed significant ANR reductions in regions of pulsatility (P < 0.005) and respiratory motion (P < 0.0005). RIPE-MRF also exhibited improved precision in T1 and T2 measurements in comparison to the SC-MRF method (P < 0.05). The RIPE-MRF and SC-MRF methods displayed similar mean T1 and T2 estimates (difference in mean values < 10%). CONCLUSION These results show that the RIPE-MRF method can provide effective motion artifact suppression with minimal impact on T1 and T2 accuracy for in vivo small animal MRI studies. Magn Reson Med 79:2176-2182, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Anderson
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Charlie Y Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuning Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebecca Darrah
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark A Griswold
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chris A Flask
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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13
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Bai Z, Shi Y, Wang J, Qiu L, Teng G, Zhang F, Yang X. Multi-modality imaging-monitored creation of rat orthotopic pancreatic head cancer with obstructive jaundice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54277-54284. [PMID: 28903340 PMCID: PMC5589579 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the feasibility of using multi-modality imaging to monitor the creation of rat models with orthotopic pancreatic head cancer with obstructive jaundice. Results 27 of 52 rats (51.92%) developed pancreatic head cancer. The tumor formation rate was significantly higher in the animal group receiving bioluminescent tumor, compared to the group receiving non-bioluminescent donor tumors [78.1% (25/32 rats) vs 10.0% (2/20 rats), P = 0.0001]. Both ultrasound imaging and MRI clearly characterized the orthotopic tumors. Laboratory biochemistry test for those rats with obstructive jaundice showed elevated levels of bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (λ-GGT), compared with those rats without jaundice (P < 0.05). Correlative pathology confirmed that all tumors were ductal adenocarcinomas, and located in pancreatic head regions. Materials and Methods Rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (DSL-6A/C1) were first transfected with lentivirus/mCherry-luciferase genes, and then subcutaneously implanted into flanks of donor immunocompetent Lewis rats, to create pancreatic tumor tissues. The tumor tissues from donor rats with either bioluminescence signal or without the signal were then transplanted into the pancreatic heads of 52 recipient Lewis rats. Bioluminescence optical and ultrasound imaging, as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were performed to follow up the tumor formation and growth in these tumor-transplanted rats. Physical examination and biochemistry test were used to discern the rats with obstructive jaundice. The rats were euthanized for subsequent histologic correlation and confirmation. Conclusions We successfully created a new rat model with orthotopic pancreatic head cancer, which can be accurately monitored and visualized by different imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Bai
- Image-Guided Biomolecular Intervention Research, Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeastern University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoping Shi
- Image-Guided Biomolecular Intervention Research, Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Image-Guided Biomolecular Intervention Research, Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Longhua Qiu
- Image-Guided Biomolecular Intervention Research, Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gaojun Teng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeastern University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Image-Guided Biomolecular Intervention Research, Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Image-Guided Biomolecular Intervention Research, Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Show Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Yin T, Peeters R, Liu Y, Feng Y, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Yu J, Dymarkowski S, Himmelreich U, Oyen R, Ni Y. Visualization, Quantification and Characterization of Caerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats by 3.0T Clinical MRI, Biochemistry and Histomorphology. Theranostics 2017; 7:285-294. [PMID: 28042334 PMCID: PMC5197064 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate whether Caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in rats could be noninvasively studied by clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and validated by enzymatic biochemistry and histomorphology. Materials and Methods: The study was approved by the institutional animal ethical committee. The AP was induced in 26 rats by intraperitoneal injections of Caerulein, as compared to 6 normal rats. T2-weighted 3D MRI, T2 relaxation measurement and contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI were performed at 3 Tesla. Pancreatic volume and contrast ratio of pancreas against surrounding tissues were measured by MRI. Animals were scarified at 3, 8, 24 and 48-hr respectively for analyses of serum lipase and amylase levels, and biliopancreatic perfusion-assisted histomorphology. Results: The AP could be observed on MRI 3-hr onwards after Caerulein-administration. T2 relaxation within the pancreas was prolonged due to high water content or edema. Increase of vascular permeability was indicated by T1 contrast enhancement. Both edema and vascular permeability gradually recovered afterwards (p<0.05/0.01), paralleled by declining serum enzyme levels (p<0.05). Microscopy revealed cell vacuolization and edema for early stage, and increased inflammatory cell infiltration and acinar cell loss after 24 and 48-hr. Conclusion: Multiparametric MRI techniques at 3.0T could facilitate noninvasive diagnosis and characterization of Caerulein induced AP in rats, as validated by a novel ex vivo method.
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